TWIS 08-14 MAY 25

Small UST Laser Projector Enables Large-Scale Viewing in Compact Spaces

▶ Credit: Optoma

For those short on space but craving a cinematic upgrade from the traditional living room TV, ultra-short-throw (UST) projectors offer an appealing solution — sitting close to a wall or screen while still producing massive images. Optoma’s newest addition brings “incredible brightness and lifelike color in a newly compact form.”

Ultra-Short Throw, Ultra-Big Picture

The GT4000UHD UST laser projector features a compact footprint of 12.87 x 12.91 inches (32.69 x 32.79 cm) and a height of just 3.35 inches (8.5 cm). Thanks to its 0.25:1 throw ratio, placing it just 12 inches from a wall delivers a 100-inch 4K UHD (3,840 x 2,160) image, with the potential to scale up to 150 inches with additional distance.

This projector doesn’t come with built-in smart features, so you’ll need to connect a streaming

stick to access platforms like Netflix, Disney+, or Prime Video. However, it does include an Ethernet LAN port for direct connection to a home network. Around the back, you’ll find two HDMI ports—one with audio return—along with a USB Type-A port for power or wired connections.

Game-Ready Performance

Gamers using a console or PC will benefit from ultra-low input lag, clocking in at 4.3 milliseconds when running 1080p at 240 Hz, increasing to 8 ms for 1080p at 120 Hz and 16.9 ms at 4K60. The GT4000UHD is equipped with a built-in 15-W speaker, though it also supports audio output to an external sound system for enhanced audio.

The projector is currently on sale for US$4,499. You can check out the video below for more details.

Revolutionary Gravity Finding Moves Us Nearer To A Theory Of Everything

▶ Credit: Pixabay

A novel approach to understanding gravity may help bridge the long-standing divide between gravity and quantum mechanics. Physicists Mikko Partanen and Jukka Tulkki from Aalto University in Finland have proposed a new perspective on gravity that they claim aligns with the Standard Model of particle physics, which explains the Universe’s other three fundamental forces: the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces.

While it doesn’t yet amount to a full theory of quantum gravity, it could be an important step in that direction.

“If this ultimately leads to a comprehensive quantum field theory of gravity, it could one day provide solutions to complex problems like black holes singularity and the origins of the Big Bang“ Partanen says.

The Elusive Quest for a Unified Theory

A unified framework that explains all the fundamental forces in nature is often referred to as the Theory of Everything. Several fundamental questions in physics remain unresolved—for instance, current models still can’t explain why the observable Universe contains more matter than antimatter.

Gravity remains the biggest obstacle to forming a clear and unified understanding of how the Universe works. As the fourth and weakest fundamental force, it doesn’t integrate smoothly with the other three. Quantum theory effectively explains the behavior of matter at extremely small scales— like atoms and subatomic particles—but falls short at larger scales, where gravity becomes dominant.

On the other hand, classical physics and general relativity accurately describe gravity on cosmic scales but fail to account for quantum phe-

nomena. Despite their incompatibility, both frameworks successfully describe aspects of the Universe, suggesting to scientists that a deeper unifying theory must exist to reconcile the two.

Gradual Progress Toward a Unified Theory

Given how difficult the problem is, it’s unlikely to solve in one breakthrough; instead, progress will probably unfold through a series of gradual but meaningful advances. One such step, taken by Partanen and Tulkki explains, involves framing gravity within the concept of a gauge—a fundamental idea in quantum field theory used to describe how particles behave within a given field.

An electromagnetic field is a common example of a gauge field—and the same applies to a gravitational field.

“The electromagnetic field is the most wellknown gauge field,” Tulkki explains. “When electrically charged particles interact, they do so through this field, which serves as the corresponding gauge.”

“In a similar way, when particles possess energy, their interactions—by virtue of that energy—occur via the gravitational field.”

Integrating Gravity with the Standard Model

The Standard Model is a gauge theory that characterizes the strong,

weak, and electromagnetic interactions and is defined by particular symmetries. To align gravity theory more closely with the Standard Model, Partanen and Tulkki aimed to incorporate these symmetries into a gauge-based framework for gravity. Their published findings appear encouraging.

“Our framework brings gravity’s gauge theory into closer alignment with the gauge theories in the Standard Model than traditional gravity gauge approaches,” the authors note in their paper.

While this work is still far from achieving a complete theory of quantum gravity, it offers a promising path forward that could play a key role in addressing one of physics’ most challenging questions.

With that in mind, Partanen and Tulkki encourage other researchers to contribute to the ongoing development of the theory. The current paper establishes a solid foundation, but advancing it further will demand significant theoretical work and rigorous testing.

“A comprehensive understanding of how unified gravity affects field theories,” the authors emphasize, “will only emerge through extensive future research.”

Observations Indicate That The X-Ray Source AX J145732−5901 Is Likely A Galaxy Cluster

▶ Credit: Pixabay

Japanese astronomers have found that the unknown X-ray source

AX J145732−5901 is a galaxy cluster behind the galactic plane. The researchers outlined these findings in a paper released on April 30 on the arXiv preprint server.

Discovery and Early Observations of AX J145732−5901 with ASCA

NASA launched the ASCA satellite in 1993 to study distant active galaxies,galaxy clusters, cosmic X-ray background sources, and other high-energy phenomena. It enabled astronomers to detect faint X-ray sources, even through the dense matter of the galactic plane.

AX J145732−5901 is an unidentified X-ray source first detected in 2001 during the ASCA Galactic plane survey. Earlier observations classified it as a heavily absorbed, extended source and

suggested that a galaxy cluster might lie hidden behind the Milky Way’s plane. However, researchers had not yet conducted a detailed spectral analysis to confirm this hypothesis. Suzaku Observations Confirm the Nature of AX J145732−5901

Recently, a team of astronomers led by Shigeo Yamauchi from Nara Women’s University in Japan analyzed X-ray data from the Suzaku satellite to investigate AX J145732−5901. Their findings support the earlier assumption about its nature.

“We reanalyzed the ASCA data of AX J145732−5901 using insights from Suzaku-based studies of Galactic ridge X-ray emission and the cosmic X-ray background,” the researchers stated in their paper.

Specifically, the study revealed that AX J145732−5901 exhibits

extended X-ray emission measuring 14 by 10 arcminutes, equivalent to about 5.87 by 4.24 million light-years. The emission stretches along the east-west axis and appears to contain localized structural features.

The X-ray spectrum of AX J145732−5901 shows a 5.94 keV emission line and strong absorption, with a hydrogen column density of about 100 sextillion atoms per square centimeter—much higher than the galactic average. This strong absorption supports the idea that the source lies beyond our galaxy.

Luminosity and Distance Estimates of AX J145732−5901

The paper reports that AX J145732−5901 has an X-ray luminosity of about 260 tredecillion erg/s in the 1–10 keV range. Its distance is estimated at 1.8 billion light-years, with an angular extent of around 1.43 billion lightyears.

From these findings, the researchers concluded that AX J145732−5901 is a galaxy cluster located behind the galactic plane. Its X-ray morphology suggests it is an unrelaxed, or merging, cluster.

The researchers also calculated that AX J145732−5901 contains roughly 30 trillion solar masses of gas. Assuming a 15% gas fraction, they estimated the cluster’s total mass at about 200 trillion solar masses.

Study Finds the Wealthiest 10% Account for Two-Thirds of Global Warming

▶ Credit: Pixabay

Researchers stated on Wednesday that the wealthiest 10 percent of people worldwide are accountable for two-thirds of global warming since 1990. They reported that the consumption and investment patterns of the wealthy have significantly heightened the risk of lethal heatwaves and droughts, in the first study to measure the effect of concentrated private wealth on extreme climate events.

Wealthiest 1% Linked to Disproportionate Climate Impact, Study Reveals

“We connect the carbon footprints of the wealthiest individuals directly to actual climate impacts,” said lead author Sarah Schoengart, a scientist at ETH Zurich, in an interview with AFP. “It’s a shift from simply accounting for carbon to holding individuals accountable for their climate impact.”

The study, published in

Nature Climate Change, revealed that, compared to the global average, the wealthiest one percent contributed 26 times more to once-ina-century heatwaves and 17 times more to droughts in the Amazon.

Emissions from the wealthiest 10 percent in China and the United States—together responsible for nearly half of global carbon pollution—have each caused a two-to-threefold increase in heat extremes.

The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have raised Earth’s average surface temperature by 1.3 degrees Celsius, primarily in the past 30 years.

Schoengart and her team used economic data and climate models to track emissions from various global income groups and evaluate their effects on specific climate-enhanced extreme weather events.

The researchers also highlighted the impor-

tance of emissions tied to financial investments, not just those from lifestyle and personal consumption.

“Climate action that overlooks the disproportionate responsibility of the wealthiest members of society risks missing one of the most effective ways to mitigate future damage,” said senior author Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, head of the Integrated Climate Impacts Research Group at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis near Vienna.

Wealth tax on billionaires

He pointed out that capital owners could be held responsible for climate impacts through progressive taxes on wealth and carbon-heavy investments.

Previous studies have demonstrated that taxing emissions linked to assets is fairer than widespread carbon taxes, which often place a heavier burden on lower-income individuals.

Recent efforts to increase taxes on the super-rich and multinational corporations have largely stalled.

Last year, Brazil, as the host of the G20, proposed a two-percent tax on the net worth of individuals with assets over $1 billion.

While G20 leaders agreed to “cooperate to ensure that ultra-highnet-worth individuals

are effectively taxed,” no concrete action has been taken since.

In 2021, nearly 140 countries agreed to work towards a global corporate tax for multinational companies, with almost half supporting a minimum rate of 15 percent, but those discussions have also come to a standstill.

According to Forbes, nearly a third of the world’s billionaires are from the United States— more than China, India, and Germany combined.

Anti-poverty organization Oxfam reports that the wealthiest 1 percent have accumulated $42 trillion in new wealth over the past decade.

Apple Eyes AI Search, Hinting At A Shift From

Google

Dominance

engines—a significant industry shift accelerated by the possible conclusion of its long-standing deal with Google.

Eddy Cue, Apple’s senior vice president of services, revealed the information on Wednesday while testifying in the U.S. Justice Department’s antitrust case against Alphabet Inc. Central to the case is a roughly $20 billion annual agreement that designates Google as the default search engine in Apple’s browser. A ruling against the deal could compel the companies to dissolve the partnership, potentially transforming how the iPhone and other Apple devices function.

Safari’s Shift and Apple’s Integration Plans

AI is already gaining traction among consumers despite the broader disruption. Cue mentioned

▶ Credit: Unsplash Apple Inc. is “actively exploring” a major overhaul of its Safari web browser to prioritize AI-driven search

that Safari experienced a decline in search activity for the first time last month, a trend he linked to the growing use of AI tools. He expressed

the view that AI-driven search platforms—such as those developed by OpenAI, Perplexity AI Inc., and Anthropic PBC—are likely to overtake traditional search engines like Google. According to Cue, Apple plans to eventually integrate these AI search options into Safari.

“We’ll include them as options, though they likely won’t be set as the default,” Cue said, noting that the technology still needs refinement. He mentioned that Apple has had some conversations with Perplexity specifically.

“Before AI came into the picture, I didn’t see the alternatives as viable,” Cue added. “But now, with new players approaching the challenge differently, there’s much more potential.”

AI’s Impact on the iPhone and Apple’s Partnership with Google

The upcoming change marks a major shift for the iconic iPhone and a company with over 2 billion active devices. Since the launch of Apple’s first smartphone in 2007, users have relied on Google for web searches. Now, consumers will step into a new landscape dominated by AI from various companies.

Investors viewed the testimony as a negative sign for both Alphabet and Apple, which might have to end a profitable partnership.

On Wednesday, Alpha-

bet’s stock dropped as much as 8.7%, pulling the broader market down with it. Apple shares also declined following Cue’s remarks, falling by up to 2.7%. The S&P 500 briefly turned negative, wiping out an earlier gain of more than 0.5%.

Apple’s AI Strategy

Currently, Apple offers OpenAI’s ChatGPT within its Siri assistant and plans to incorporate Gemini, Google’s AI search tool, later this year. Cue mentioned that Apple has also considered Anthropic, Perplexity, DeepSeek (from China), and Grok (from Elon Musk’s xAI). He noted that the agreement with OpenAI allows Apple to integrate other AI providers, including its own, into its operating system.

Before ChatGPT was selected for Apple Intelligence in iOS 18 last year, there was a “bakeoff” with Google, Cue explained. He noted that Google had presented a term sheet with several conditions that Apple couldn’t agree to, unlike the terms it accepted with OpenAI.

Cue also mentioned that technology is evolving rapidly, and people may not even use the same devices in a few years. “You might not need an iPhone 10 years from now, as crazy as that sounds,” he said. “True competition arises when technology shifts. These shifts create opportu-

nities, and AI is a new technological shift that’s opening doors for new players.”

AI Search Evolution

According to Cue, AI companies will need to improve their search indexes to advance. However, even if that doesn’t happen immediately, their other features are so superior that people will still make the switch.

“There’s enough money and enough big players now that I don’t see how this doesn’t happen,” he said, referring to the shift from traditional search engines to AI-driven ones.

Cue also mentioned that large language models— the foundation of generative AI—will continue to evolve, encouraging users to change their behavior.

However, he still believes Google should remain the default search engine in Safari, admitting that he has been concerned about losing the revenue-sharing arrangement with Google. He emphasized that Apple’s current agreement with Google offers the most financially favorable terms.

Last year, the companies expanded their partnership to include Google Lens as part of the Visual Intelligence feature on the latest iPhones. This feature allows users to take photos and use Google’s AI to analyze them. Cue also revealed that Apple’s agreement

with Microsoft’s Bing, which is a non-default search option in Safari, has recently been adjusted to a year-to-year contract.

Apple’s own AI technology has fallen behind its competitors. The company lacks an AI search engine and has had to delay significant updates to Siri that would have used personal data to enhance responses. Apple’s annual developer conference, starting on June 9, will focus on introducing updates to Apple Intelligence, its AI platform.

Tesla has Canceled the Cybertruck Range Extender

the decision, but it follows the quiet removal of the option from its online configurator last month.

The range extender, a battery pack for the Cybertruck’s bed, was Tesla’s solution for its vehicle’s reduced range. When first announced, Tesla claimed some models would reach up to 500 miles per charge. However, the longest-range version now tops out at 350 miles. As Electrek reported, the extender was originally set for early 2025 but was delayed to mid-2025, with its range reduced from 470 miles to 445 miles.

Elon Musk had projected annual sales of 250,000

▶ Credit: Tesla _ Engadget

Tesla has canceled its plan to offer a range extender for the Cybertruck and has begun notifying customers who placed a $2,000 reservation for the $16,000 addon. According to emails shared on social media and forums, the company will issue full refunds. Tesla hasn’t explained

to 500,000 Cybertrucks, but a recent recall revealed that fewer than 50,000 units were sold over 15 months. It’s uncertain whether Tesla canceled the range extender due to low sales making it unviable or for another undisclosed reason. Regardless, the Cybertruck battery addon has officially been scrapped and won’t be

released.

Tesla has introduced a more affordable version of its updated 2025 Model Y in the U.S.The new Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive Model Y starts at $37,490 with the $7,500 tax credit or $44,990 without it. Previously, the Long Range All-Wheel Drive model was priced from $48,990 before tax credits.

Refreshed Model Y Gets Sleek Design Updates, Enhanced Features, and Improved Range

The refreshed Model Y maintains its overall shape but adds smoother curves, smaller headlights, and redesigned taillights with a lightbar. Inside, it features ambient lighting, ventilated seats, a 15.4-inch front touchscreen, and an 8-inch display for rear passengers. The rear-wheel drive model offers a 357-mile range, 30 miles more than the all-wheel drive’s 327 miles, with both having a top speed of 125 mph. However, the all-wheel drive accelerates faster, reaching 0–60 mph in 4.6 seconds, while the rear-wheel drive takes 5.4 seconds.

Deliveries of the Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive Model Y will begin in the U.S. in three to five weeks. As Electrek pointed out, Tesla has already started shipping the model in China and Europe. However, the company’s sales have been

declining across Europe, hitting multi-year lows in some markets like the UK and Germany. Elon Musk’s political views and support for far-right candidates in Europe have sparked controversy and protests against Tesla. The company is also facing growing competition from Chinese automakers like BYD, the top-selling EV brand in China.

Swimming Robot

Channels Its Inner Dog to Master the Dog

Paddle

Robot Dog (ARD), the robot measures 30 cm in length and 10 cm in width, weighing approximately 2.25 kg. It was developed by a research team led by Professors Yunquan Li and Ye Chen from the South China University of Technology.

On land, the ARD uses a trotting gait powered by double-jointed legs, reaching speeds of up to 1.2 body lengths per second. In water, despite increased resistance, it still manages to swim at 0.54 body lengths per second—a performance comparable to real dogs,

While quadruped “robot dogs” can mimic the way real dogs move on land with relative accuracy, their swimming skills often fall short—although some can walk underwater. That’s not the case for a newly developed small-scale robot, designed specifically to swim efficiently using the classic dog paddle.

Introducing the Amphibious Robot Dog (ARD)

Named the Amphibious

which reach about 1.4 BL/s when dog paddling, according to previous studies.

Rather than simply making a waterproof quadruped, the researchers carefully adjusted the ARD’s center of gravity and buoyancy to ensure stable and effective aquatic motion. They also tested three different swimming gaits.

Dog Paddle Variants: LSPG Gaits

Two of these styles were

variations of the dog paddle, termed “lateral sequence paddling gaits” (LSPGs). These involved moving the robot’s four legs in a specific sequence: left front, left rear, right front, and right rear.

The two LSPG versions differ in how long each leg stays in the ‘power phase’—the part of the cycle when the leg extends to generate thrust. In one version, legs moved independently with 25% of the cycle spent in the power phase. In the other, leg movements overlapped, increasing the power phase to 33%, more closely resembling the natural dog paddle.

The third swimming style, called the “trot-like paddling gait” (TLPG), had diagonally opposed leg pairs move simultaneously—left front with right rear, then right front with left rear—resulting in a 50% power phase.

Pool tests showed that the 33% LSPG was the fastest, achieving 0.54 BL/s, followed closely by the 25% version. The TLPG was the slowest but proved to be the most stable.

This innovation represents a major step in the development of nature-inspired robotics, said Professor Li. Our robot dog’s ability to move efficiently both on land and in water comes from its bioinspired trajectory planning, which mimics the natural paddling motion of real dogs.

Edible Aquatic Robots Could Be Consumed by Fish To Reduce Waste

When deploying a robot into an aquatic environment without plans to retrieve it, ensuring the device is biodegradable is crucial. Swiss scientists have advanced this idea by developing tiny robots that fish can safely eat once the robots complete their mission.

The Current State of Environmental Microbots

Various experimental micro-robots already exist, equipped with sensors and electronics, designed to roam natural environments while collecting or transmitting environmental data. Designers typically intend these devices for single use and build them with biodegradable materials. However, many still include plastics and harmful chemicals in their construction.

Aiming for a more sustainable solution, Professor Dario Floreano, PhD student Shuhang Zhang, and colleagues at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) developed aquatic robots that are entirely safe for the environment. Shaped like miniature boats, these robots measure about 5 cm in length, weigh approximately 1.43 grams, and can travel at speeds up to three times their body length per second.

The most surprising part?The researchers

▶ Credit: Yunquan Li

make them from fish food.

through an opening at the back of the robot.

▶

Credit: Alain Herzog

The researchers grind commercial fish feed pellets into powder, mix them with a biopolymer binder, mold the mixture into a boat shape, and then freeze-dry it to form the robot hulls.

The Internal Mechanics: Safe and Simple Chemistry

Inside each robot, there’s a chamber filled with a non-toxic mixture of citric acid and baking soda. The researchers seal the chamber at the bottom with a gel plug and connect it to a microfluidic reservoir filled with propylene glycol, which forms the top layer of the robot’s body.

Once placed on the surface of the water, moisture slowly passes through the semi-permeable gel. When water reaches the powder inside the chamber, it triggers a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide gas. This gas builds up in the reservoir, pushing the glycol out

The propulsion system propels the robot forward by using the Marangoni effect: the expelled glycol reduces the water’s surface tension, mimicking the movement of some aquatic insects. Importantly, the glycol is non-toxic.

So how might researchers or engineers use these robots?

Environmental Monitoring and Aquaculture

Researchers can initially deploy a group of these robots on lakes, ponds, or other bodies of water. As the robots move around randomly, their embedded sensors collect data such as temperature, pH, and pollutant levels. The system can then transmit this data wirelessly or store it for retrieval from any robots that are recovered.

Over time, the robot hulls would absorb water, soften, and begin to sink. At that point, fish or other aquatic animals could eat them. Another potential use is

in aquaculture, where these robots could serve as vehicles to distribute medicated feed.

All the components of the robot will naturally biodegrade, even if no animals eat them. The next major challenge for the research team is to develop sensors and electronic parts that are also biodegradable — or even edible.

Floreano says researchers are already actively replacing electronic waste with biodegradable materials, but they have barely explored edible materials with specific nutritional profiles and functions — an area that opens up vast opportunities for improving both human and animal health.

Table Ping Pong Robot Delivers Swift, Precise Re-

ping pong scene with a lightweight, high-performance design capable of returning shots with rapid precision.

The new table tennis robot features a multi-jointed arm mounted at one end of the ping pong table, equipped with a regular paddle. Using multiple high-speed cameras and an advanced predictive control system, it rapidly calculates the incoming ball’s speed and path, then performs one of several stroke types— such as loop, drive, or chop—to accurately return the ball to a target spot on the table with controlled spin.

During testing, engineers launched 150 balls at the robot in succession from the opposite side of the ping pong table. The robot achieved an overall return rate of approximately 88% across all three swing styles. Its striking speed

MIT

rivals the fastest returns made by human players and surpasses that of other robotic table tennis systems.

turns

▶ Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technology via Techxplore

engineers have entered the robotic

Expanding Robot’s Range of Motion for Greater Shot Variety and Market Potential

The team now aims to expand the robot’s range of motion so it can handle a broader variety of shots. With this improvement, they see potential for the system to become a strong contender in the growing market of intelligent robotic training tools.

Beyond table tennis, the researchers believe the technology could enhance the speed and agility of humanoid robots, particularly in high-stakes scenarios like search-and-rescue operations, where rapid and precise reactions are crucial.

“The challenges we’re tackling—especially those involving fast, accurate object interception—could be valuable in situations where a robot needs to perform quick, dynamic movements and determine where its end effector should meet an object in real time,” explains MIT graduate student David Nguyen.

Nguyen co-authored the study with fellow MIT graduate student Kendrick Cancio and Sangbae Kim, an associate professor of mechanical engineering and director of the MIT Biomimetics Robotics Lab. They will present their findings this month at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).

The Challenge of Building Ping Pong Robots Since the 1980s

Since the 1980s, researchers have been tackling the complex challenge of building robots capable of playing ping pong—a task that demands a unique mix of technologies, including high-speed vision, responsive motors and actuators, precise control of robotic arms, accurate real-time prediction, and strategic game planning.

“As far as control problems go in robotics, you can think of it as a spectrum,” explains Nguyen. “On one end, there’s manipulation— typically slow and highly precise, like carefully grasping an object. On the other, there’s locomotion, which is about dynamic movement and reacting to disturbances. Ping pong falls right in the middle: it requires the precision of manipulation, but under the speed constraints of dynamic tasks—like returning a ball in just 300 milliseconds.”

Robotic ping pong systems have significantly evolved, with recent breakthroughs from companies like Omron and Google DeepMind using AI to learn from past gameplay and adapt to a broader range of strokes and shot types. These advanced systems are now fast and accurate enough to rally with mid-level human players.

[SL-2.2] High-Resolution SPAD Sensor for LiDAR

SolidVUE will showcase its SL-2.2 at CES 2025—the world’s first 400x128 high-resolution single-chip LiDAR sensor IC designed for compact solid-state LiDAR. Paired with a VCSEL array-based emitter, this technology offers lower cost, smaller size, and improved vibration reliability compared to traditional mechanical LiDAR. Learn

Climate & Environment

Millions of kilometers of rivers carry antibiotic pollution, study finds

A McGill-led study reveals that 8,500 tons of human-used antibiotics pollute rivers annually, promoting resistance and harming aquatic life. Amoxicillin is most commonly found, particularly in Southeast Asia, where wastewater treatment is limited.

The research didn’t include pollution from livestock or pharmaceutical industries, suggesting the actual problem may be worse. Experts urge better monitoring and mitigation strategies to protect ecosystems and public health.

Preserving seagrass for carbon storage

Seagrass meadows store vast amounts of carbon in their soils, rivaling forests. Despite facing threats like pollution and coastal development, they stabilize shorelines, support marine life, and help curb emissions.

Even smaller or short-lived species store significant carbon, making protection efforts vital. Damaging these habitats releases stored carbon, worsening climate change. Conservation and restoration can preserve this crucial natural ally.

Image Credits: Fae Spencer from Pixabay

Climate change linked to longer allergy seasons and shifting growing patterns

Climate change is lengthening allergy seasons by increasing freeze-free days, allowing plants to release pollen earlier and for longer periods. This affects millions, with one in four adults and one in five children experiencing symptoms.

Warmer springs also cause early blooms, forcing farmers and gardeners to adjust planting strategies. Experts in Ohio are studying how severe weather and drought are reshaping agriculture.

Arctic climate will permanently change by 2050, scientists warn

Scientists warn that by 2050, Arctic climate markers like sea ice and temperature will shift into a new, permanent state. This time of emergence, identified through climate models, varies across the region, with temperature changes leading and rainfall patterns following later.

Communities and ecosystems will be affected as thinner ice alters wildlife routes, erodes coasts, and reshapes infrastructure needs. Preparing with local insights, flexible designs, and accurate forecasts may help Arctic regions adapt to a drastically different future.

Image Credits: Yogendra Singh from Pexels

Image Credits: Dieter Löffler from Pixabay

Image Credits: Gabriele from Pixabay

Artificial Intelligence

Language in a Box: Can AI Help Save Endangered Languages?

AI tools could revitalize endangered languages if designed with equity and cultural insight. Projects like Michael Running Wolf’s voice-based cedar box in Canada and Anna Mae Yu Lamentillo’s NightOwlGPT in the Philippines show that Indigenous-led innovation is possible.

In Africa, linguists using Mozilla’s Common Voice highlight the challenges of dialect diversity, stressing the need for thoughtful AI that respects linguistic nuance. Ultimately, success depends on data sovereignty, inclusive leadership, and meaningful community participation.

Generative AI and Its Challenges

Generative AI models like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude create content using patterns learned from large datasets. They’re widely used for communication, design, and innovation but can also be exploited for misinformation, bias reinforcement, or academic dishonesty.

Though powerful, generative AI is prone to errors and ethical concerns due to biased or inaccurate training data. Differentiating it from symbolic or discriminative AI helps clarify its unique role in content creation and its broader social impact.

Getting

Started with Generative AI: Why It Matters Now

AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini are free, powerful and increasingly essential. Their use spans productivity, creativity and everyday problem-solving, with growing adoption in both personal and work settings.

CNET’s guide covers prompt strategies, AI use at home, for wellness and finance, and offers tips to help users build skills for 2025. With rapid change across industries, learning how to use generative AI now is both smart and timely.

AI Chatbots: From Clunky Tools to Conversational Search

AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude now function as conversational search tools, offering summaries, context, and real-time feedback. Better prompts yield more personalized results, from choosing neighborhoods to workplace communication.

While generative AI excels at assisting with decisions and tasks, it still risks misinformation. It’s a valuable tool—just not a perfect one.

Image Credits: THE CANADIAN PRESS_ Darryl Dyck via The Conversation

Image Credits: Shutterstock via Tom_s Guide

Image Credits: Alexandra_Koch from Pixabay

Image Credits: Jeffrey Hazelwood _ CNET

NBC Cancels “Suits LA” After One Season

“Suits LA” failed to replicate the success of its predecessor, with low ratings and a 39% critics’ score. Despite some original “Suits” cast appearances, it couldn’t capture the same quality or audience. Averaging just 2.35 million viewers, the series is being canceled after one season.

The show joins other NBC cancellations, including “Lopez vs. Lopez,” “Night Court,” “Found,” and “The Irrational.” The future of other underperforming series remains unclear.

Samsung Odyssey OLED

G6 Gaming Monitor Review

The Odyssey OLED G6 offers a groundbreaking 500Hz refresh rate, ideal for competitive gaming. It features a 2,560 x 1,440 resolution and a 0.03ms response time for improved gameplay.

Samsung includes OLED Safeguard+ technology to prevent burn-in, with cooling and brightness adjustment systems. The monitor is priced at $1,150 and is available for pre-order in Southeast Asia, with global availability later this year.

Met Gala: Fashion’s Biggest Night

The Met Gala is an iconic fashion event, celebrated globally for its unique blend of art, fashion, and celebrity. Held annually in New York, it serves as a fundraiser for the Costume Institute. Over time, it has evolved from a modest affair to a global spectacle, driven by Anna Wintour’s leadership.

Each year’s theme challenges attendees to interpret fashion through creativity and storytelling. The event is a platform for designers to showcase bold, one-of-akind creations, influencing global fashion trends. Its blend of art and fashion fosters cultural dialogue and makes it a defining moment in the fashion world.

Aurzen Zip Tri-Fold Portable Projector Review

Aurzen’s Zip projector impresses with its folding design, quick setup, and app control. Compact and light, it outputs 720p visuals at 100 lumens, ideal for dim settings and casual use. Autofocus, dual speakers, and Bluetooth support add convenience, though fan noise is notable.

It lacks a smart OS and HDMI port, relying on screen mirroring via Wi-Fi Direct. Best suited for personal clips or presentations, it struggles in bright light or with DRM content. At $399.99, it’s a stylish, easy-to-use device with room for a brighter, higher-res successor.

Image Credits: Samsung

Image Credits: NBC

Image Credits: Paul Ridden_New Atlas

Image Credits: AP Photo via Euronews. com

DID YOU KNOW?

The average human takes about 8.4 million breaths every year! That’s around 16 breaths per minute, every minute of every day — even while you sleep.

COMING UP NEXT

Psychedelics May Rewire The Brain To Curb

Alcohol Use

▶ Credit: Pixabay

Psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin (found in magic mushrooms) are drawing growing interest in the field of psychiatry. Research indicates they could provide therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, OCD, eating disorders, and addiction.

DMT as a Potential Solution for Reducing Alcohol Use

Our research team is exploring whether N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a fast-acting psychedelic, could help reduce alcohol use.

Alcohol remains the most commonly misused substance in the UK, driven by its legal status, easy availability, and strong cultural presence. While many drink moderately, a significant number find it difficult to manage their intake, leading to serious health, psychological, and social issues.

Since conventional treatments don’t work for everyone, we’re investigating alternative approaches—like psychedelics—that may support lasting behavioural change through a single, transformative experience.

The body quickly metabolizes DMT. When administered intravenously, its effects begin almost immediately, typically within one to two minutes, and last only 10 to 20 minutes.

Despite the brief duration, users often describe the experience as profoundly intense, with vivid visions, intricate patterns, and a sense of entering another reality. For some, it results in a dramatic shift in their thinking, emotions, and worldview, often leaving a lasting, transformative impact.

The key question remains: What happens in the brain during this time, and how might it influence long-term behaviors, such as reducing

alcohol consumption?

Brain Plasticity and Addiction

“Our team is actively exploring how psychedelics like DMT can help address addiction.” One theory suggests that psychedelics may temporarily enhance neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity to create new neural pathways. This brief enhancement could create a window of opportunity, making some individuals more receptive to change.

For someone trapped in the cycle of excessive drinking, this increased plasticity could help them break old habits and adopt healthier behaviors. In essence, it may provide the brain with a chance to “reprogram” itself and interrupt the unhealthy patterns that fuel addiction.

We’re also focusing on the brain’s reward and motivation systems, which play a crucial role in addiction. These systems drive behaviors linked to pleasure, such as eating, sex, and alcohol consumption.

In individuals with alcohol use disorder, these systems become overly responsive to alcohol-related triggers, often overshadowing other rewarding experiences. Some preliminary studies suggest that psychedelics may help “reset” these reward pathways. We’re testing this hypothesis to see if DMT can reduce alcohol con-

sumption by recalibrating the brain’s reward system.

“To explore this, we’ve designed a study involving heavy drinkers who want to reduce their alcohol intake.” Each participant undergoes a thorough screening to ensure they’re suitable for the study, and all sessions take place in a carefully controlled, clinical environment, supervised by medical professionals and experienced researchers.

FMRI and Drug Administration to Explore DMT’s Effects on Brain Activity

The study includes three visits to our lab at UCL. During the first and third visits, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity and observe how different brain regions interact.

Participants watch emotionally engaging films during the scans, providing a more natural way to study brain responses than abstract tasks. This allows us to examine how DMT may affect brain function in emotionally charged, real-life situations.

On the second visit, participants are randomly assigned to receive either DMT, a placebo, or a non-psychedelic drug D-cycloserine or Lisuride). These non-psychedelic substances are thought to promote neuroplasticity without causing the full psyche-

delic effects of DMT.

The study is double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers know which substance is being given. This approach helps minimize bias and ensures the results are as accurate and reliable as possible.

In addition, we track changes in brain activity during the drug infusion using electroencephalography (EEG), which records the brain’s electrical signals. This could help us predict which participants are most likely to benefit from DMT.

Participants also complete a variety of psychological assessments, including questionnaires and tasks that evaluate memory, attention, mood, and decision-making. This information will help us understand how changes in brain activity might relate to shifts in drinking behavior.

Our goal is to uncover

We are still in the process of gathering data, but we’re eager to see if DMT can lead to significant reductions in alcohol consumption. As researchers, it’s important for us to remain objective and let the evidence guide our conclusions. By keeping the study “blinded” until all results are collected, we ensure that our findings are unbiased and dependable.

If DMT proves effective

in helping individuals reduce their alcohol intake, especially those who have not responded to other treatments, it could introduce a new approach to addiction therapy. Even if the results aren’t definitive, they will still offer valuable insights into the potential role of psychedelics in addiction treatment and open doors for further research.

It’s crucial to highlight that this research is conducted in a safe, controlled environment. Psychedelics are powerful substances, and their effects can be unpredictable, particularly outside of clinical settings. They are not a “quick fix” and are not appropriate for everyone. The controlled setting ensures we can study their effects while minimizing risks to participants.

However, we believe psychedelics offer a unique opportunity to gain deeper insights into the brain and its ability to change. By exploring how transformative experiences can impact behavior, we hope to contribute to the development of more effective treatments for addiction and other mental health disorders.

NASA budget Cuts Eliminate Missions, SLS, And Space Station

The newly released NASA budget introduc-

es major changes: the Orion spacecraft and the Lunar Gateway space station are among the projects to be canceled. With a total of $18.8 billion, the budget reflects a $6 billion — or 24% — reduction, signaling a shift in the agency’s investments toward crewed missions to the Moon and Mars.

for their cancellation in favor of more modern and cost-effective commercial alternatives.

Orion has already consumed around $20 billion and continues to face technical issues, including problems with its life support system and heat shield. Meanwhile, SLS is decades

▶ Credit: NASA

Political and Strategic Realignment

This budget proposal reflects not only the Trump administration’s policy of reducing federal spending, but also a broader restructuring of NASA’s priorities. For decades, the agency has been at the center of political and financial disputes over the role of the U.S. space program in the 21st century.

If approved, the most visible change will be the termination of both the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System (SLS) after the Artemis III mission, expected around 2027. Both projects have faced significant delays and cost overruns, fueling calls

behind schedule and has cost NASA $24 billion so far. Each launch of the single-use SLS costs around $4 billion and can only occur once every two years. Critics argue the project is a rehash of 1970s-era shuttle technology, focused more on job creation than innovation.

Lunar Gateway Also on the Chopping Block

In addition, the budget proposes scrapping the Lunar Gateway station, originally envisioned as a lunar-orbit outpost to support Moon and Mars missions. Due to delays, the station wouldn’t be operational until the mid-2030s, and critics see it as unnecessary. NASA will reassign the

components already developed to other missions.

Despite these cuts, the Artemis program is not being shut down. On the contrary, the new budget includes a $7 billion increase for lunar exploration and an additional $1 billion for planning a future crewed mission to Mars — a strategic move, especially in response to China’s increasingly ambitious goals for Moon and Mars exploration.

The budget targets and eliminates missions that NASA considers scientifically unproductive relative to their cost. he top candidate is the Mars Sample Return mission, projected to cost up to $11 billion and not scheduled to launch until around 2035. Other potential cancellations include the aging Chandra X-ray Observatory (operating at $70 million per year), the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope ($3 billion, considered redundant), and $1.161 billion in Earth science missions.

NASA Shifts Focus to Deep Space and Private Partnerships

This reorientation reflects growing influence from groups that have long pushed for NASA to focus more on deep space exploration, human spaceflight, and cutting-edge technologies — while leaving more traditional roles, like Earth observation and low Earth orbit operations, to private industry.

The budget also eliminates green aviation projects and shifts attention to supporting the FAA in modernizing the U.S.’s outdated air traffic control system.

Mastercard and Visa Use AI to Transform Payments and Shopping

Previously, this process required human intervention, but now, consumers will be able to finalize orders directly through intelligent agents.

Mastercard, on the other hand, introduced Agent Pay, its own smart shopping assistant. This solution can suggest items such as clothing and accessories for specific events and autonomously complete the purchase, while also

▶ Credit: Ademilson Ramos _ Engenharia é

Global payment leaders Mastercard and Visa have unveiled new AI-driven solutions aimed at transforming how consumers make payments and shop online. Both companies are fully embracing the AI agent trend, with systems capable of performing automated tasks based on user commands.

With these innovations, Visa will enable platforms like ChatGPT and other AI tools to use stored card information to complete purchases.

recommending the best payment option. The system uses tokenization, a technology that replaces sensitive card data with unique tokens for each transaction, enhancing security—this method is already used by Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay.

Additionally, Mastercard has announced strategic partnerships to expand the use of AI in commerce. The company is working with Microsoft to develop intelligent shopping agents and collaborating with IBM on B2B (business-to-business) solutions.

AI Agents: What They Are and How They Work

AI agents are systems that can automatically perform tasks on behalf of users. They can fill out forms, make restaurant reservations, or even complete purchases without requiring direct consumer interaction.

Companies like OpenAI with ChatGPT’s Operator, Anthropic with Claude, and tech giants such as Amazon, Microsoft, and Google are also developing their own versions of these smart assistants, further integrating AI into daily life.

Mastercard and Visa’s initiatives highlight the global race to integrate AI into the financial sector, promising greater convenience, security, and automation for both consumers and businesses.

Glinda AIMI Platform introduces a novel concept that empowers individual users and businesses to swiftly create, customize, and share XR content with immersive and interactive virtual experiences in a web environment.

Learn more

Cars & Gadgets

Maximizing the Apple Watch’s Features

The Apple Watch offers more than just step counting and notifications. It includes features like tracking heart rate, offering turn-by-turn navigation, monitoring sleep, and analyzing workout intensity. With tools like the Training Load feature, Noise alerts, and emergency contact connection, it also supports health and safety. For productivity, it allows for easy payment via NFC and customizable notifications. Personalization options include changing watch faces, swapping complications, and adjusting text size. Customization can help streamline your experience, making the watch a practical tool for daily use.

Ducati 851 Auction Significance

The Ducati 851, owned by John Surtees, is poised to become a major collectible. It was part of a batch of 20 bikes made for the 1990 World Superbike season and has never been started, retaining its original condition. Its authenticity, Surtees’ ownership, and historical significance make it highly valuable.

Though past auction prices have been lower, the bike’s rarity and the growing popularity of Ducati collectibles suggest that it will soon break auction records. With no reserve price and a prime auction setting, this Ducati 851 is expected to become a cornerstone of motorcycle collecting.

Key Tech Announcements

Bang & Olufsen introduced the Beosound A1 (3rd Gen), offering a longer battery life and improved sound. Schiit Audio released the Valhalla 3 headphone amplifier, bringing high-end sound to desktops. The Backbone Pro controller adds versatility, supporting both wired and wireless connections with multiple devices.

Microsoft unveiled the Surface Pro 12 and Surface Laptop 2025, with new designs and features. Astell&Kern’s A&ultima SP4000 continues the trend of high-end portable audio with its new Octa architecture and full Android support.

Rivian R1T Review: A New Take on Pickup Trucks

The Rivian R1T blends tech innovation with classic pickup design, offering all-wheel drive, quick acceleration, a large frunk, and unique gear tunnel storage. It features a sleek tailgate, strong off-road skills, and a high-tech interior. Though pricey with limited towing capacity, it’s a compelling choice for those seeking a modern electric truck.

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Mathematics

Breakthrough in Molecular Simulations

Jesse Hall’s new mathematical equation improves simulations of large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids, advancing our understanding of DNA replication and disease mechanisms. Published in Physical Review Letters, it accurately models both internal molecular fluctuations and external diffusion, enhancing simulation reliability.

This breakthrough addresses the challenge of calculating friction in biomolecular systems, allowing faster, more precise simulations. Hall’s work could drive advancements in drug development and disease research, providing valuable tools for scientists studying complex molecular systems and DNA replication errors.

Chinese Mathematicians Solve “Doomsday Hypothesis”

Chinese mathematicians have solved the Kervaire invariant problem, showing that manifolds with Kervaire invariant one exist in dimension 126. This discovery ends a decades-long puzzle in mathematics.

The breakthrough, made by Wang Guozhen, Lin Weinan, and Xu Zhouli, proves that these manifolds cannot be transformed into spheres, a key concept introduced by John Milnor in 1950. The paper has not yet been peer-reviewed but offers potential for advancing computational methods in the field.

The Origins and Evolution of Mathematics

Artifacts like the Ishango and Lebombo bones show early tally marks, suggesting humans began counting over 20,000 years ago. Ancient sky observations may have inspired this, but it was the Sumerians who formalized math with arithmetic, geometry, and a base-60 system still used today.

From Mesopotamian record-keeping to Newton and Leibniz’s independent invention of calculus, mathematics evolved across cultures. Each era expanded the field, building the foundation for modern science, technology, and engineering.

Card Comparisons and the Rope Descent Puzzle

You can find the lowest or highest card using 99 comparisons by repeatedly keeping the smaller or larger of two cards. But can you do better? The optimal method seeks to reduce the 198 total comparisons through smarter selection.

For the rope puzzle, cut the 15m rope into two parts. Use 10m to descend to the 10m ledge, then attach the remaining 5m rope. Tie both parts to form a full 15m again and descend safely.

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Quantum Realm

Credits: Fang et al.

Single-Copy Distillation Unlocks Hidden Quantum

Features in Photonic Systems

Researchers demonstrated that single-copy local filtering can revive hidden quantum features from noisy, higher-dimensional Werner states. The simple and scalable method was verified both experimentally and theoretically using a two-qutrit photonic system.

Their findings challenge traditional views on entanglement purification and pave the way for efficient quantum protocols in higher dimensions. The team now plans to expand this technique using integrated optics.

Terrell-Penrose Effect Recreated in Laboratory

Physicists at TU Wien recreated the Terrell-Penrose effect using lasers and high-speed cameras to simulate ultra-slow light. They demonstrated how objects moving near light speed appear rotated, not just shortened, due to relativistic visual distortion. A cube appeared twisted, confirming a 1959 prediction by Terrell and Penrose.

This visual proof, combining physics and art, used still images timed to match delayed photon arrival. The project, sparked by an art-science collaboration, helps make the abstract predictions of relativity observable and intuitive.

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Enhancing Quantum Error Correction with AI-Optimized GKP Codes

RIKEN researchers have used deep learning to optimize Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) codes, improving quantum error correction while reducing resource demands. This makes light-based quantum computers more practical and scalable.

The AI-enhanced method uses fewer squeezed states and boosts reliability, advancing fault-tolerant quantum computing. The team now plans to extend the optimized code to multi-logical systems.

Image Credits: arXiv (2024). DOI_ 10.48550_ arxiv.2411.01265

Single Atom Imaging and Quantum Discovery

MIT researchers, led by Martin Zwierlein, captured images of individual atoms moving freely, using advanced optical lattice and microscopy techniques. This breakthrough lets scientists observe real-time quantum behavior at the nanoscale.

They visualized bosons forming Bose-Einstein condensates and saw fermions pairing up, hinting at superconductivity. These images support key quantum theories and may accelerate the search for frictionless materials and advanced quantum technologies.

Image

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Biotech & Genetic

The Role of Genetic Testing in Proactive Healthcare

Genetic testing is shifting from a reactive diagnostic tool to a proactive health strategy, allowing individuals to assess risks for diseases like cancer and heart conditions early. Non-invasive tests, such as Genomic Health Insights (GHI), enable screenings for over 280 genetic disorders.

In reproductive health, genetic testing helps identify causes of infertility, select healthy embryos during IVF, and detect chromosomal abnormalities early. It empowers individuals to take control of their reproductive health, guiding proactive decisions to improve outcomes and fertility.

Gene Mutation Linked to Natural Short Sleepers

A mutation in the SIK3 gene may explain why some people—natural short sleepers—need less sleep yet stay sharp and healthy. Researchers found similar effects when the gene was tested in lab mice.

The discovery, alongside four other sleep-linked genes, could unlock new treatments for sleep disorders. Experts stress, however, that most people still need regular rest to stay healthy.

Genetic Variants and Rare Heart Reactions After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

A Swedish study found rare genetic variants near SCAF11 and LRRC4C that may increase the risk of heart inflammation after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, especially with Spikevax. These genes influence inflammatory and immune pathways.

Although findings need confirmation in larger groups, the research highlights biological reasons behind rare side effects, guiding future vaccine strategies and personalized care.

Tracing the Evolution of a Genetic Mutation

A genetic mutation, found in 18-25% of the Danish population, provides immunity to HIV and originated in an individual near the Black Sea 6,700-9,000 years ago. Researchers traced this mutation by studying modern and ancient genomes.

The mutation spread rapidly because it likely helped early humans survive by balancing the immune system, reducing risks from new pathogens. This finding sheds light on how an ancient genetic advantage now provides protection against modern diseases like HIV.

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Wellness

Key Activities for Mental Health

A study from Curtin University identified 15 activities that protect mental well-being, with the most effective being simple and free. These activities include chatting with others, spending time in nature, and participating in physical or spiritual activities. Daily interactions and outdoor time notably improved mental well-being scores.

The findings emphasize the importance of prevention in mental health, showing that encouraging healthy behaviors can significantly boost well-being across communities, ultimately supporting long-term mental health promotion campaigns.

Travel Flu Prevention

Travel flu, caused by factors like stress, lack of sleep, and new environments, can ruin trips. Boost your immune system before departure by eating healthily and staying hydrated. On flights, wash your hands regularly, avoid touching your face, and stay hydrated.

Once at your destination, follow hygiene practices, drink safe water, and rest when needed. Managing sleep, stress, and movement throughout your trip can help reduce your risk of illness and keep you feeling your best.

Mental Health Habits for a Happier Life

Incorporating habits like relaxation techniques, gratitude, and social interaction into your routine can significantly boost your mental health. Practices such as meditation, deep breathing, and journaling can help manage stress, while spending time with loved ones strengthens emotional support.

Prioritizing sleep, physical health, and limiting social media use also play crucial roles in improving mental well-being. By making small, intentional changes, you can foster a more positive outlook and create lasting improvements in your mental health.

Key Wellness Tips

To boost wellbeing, start by assessing how you feel and what you need. Experts suggest adapting your routine based on those answers, whether through intense exercise or gentle yoga. Simple skincare routines with vitamin C, retinoids, and SPF can also improve both your skin and mood.

Engaging in activities you love, like dancing or gardening, promotes mental health. Laughter, joy, and friendship are key to overall wellness, helping you embrace imperfections and stay balanced, making your journey to wellness more sustainable and enjoyable.

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Nutrition

Top Probiotic Foods for Gut Health

To boost gut health, include foods like yogurt, kimchi, pickles, sourdough, kefir, and kombucha in your diet. These probiotic-rich options support digestion, immunity, and overall well-being. Ensure the labels indicate “live cultures” or “active cultures” for maximum benefit.

Other probiotic foods include miso soup, buttermilk, certain cheeses, and pickled vegetables. These options provide essential probiotics that help maintain a healthy gut microbiome and contribute to long-term wellness.

Diet’s Role in Gut Recovery After Antibiotics

A study at UChicago showed that the diet before and after antibiotics significantly affects the gut microbiome’s recovery. Mice on a Mediterranean-style diet recovered better than those on a Western diet. Fecal microbial transplants failed for mice on the Western diet, indicating diet’s critical role in microbial reestablishment.

The research suggests that human patients recovering from treatments like cancer or organ transplants could benefit from diet adjustments. A plant-based diet may not only help restore the microbiome but also improve overall health, including lowering cholesterol and biological age.

Superfruits for Better Health

Superfruits like blueberries, raspberries, and mangoes are packed with nutrients, antioxidants, and fiber. They support immune health, digestion, and weight loss. For example, blueberries lower inflammation, while raspberries aid in heart health and blood sugar regulation.

Fruits such as oranges, pomegranates, and avocados provide vitamins, minerals, and heart-healthy fats. Consuming these fruits can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, improve digestion, and boost overall health. Including a variety of these fruits in your diet may enhance nutrient intake and offer long-term health benefits.

Superfoods: A Smart Way to Boost Your Health

Superfoods like matcha, quinoa, chia seeds, and turmeric provide numerous health benefits, from improving brain function to reducing heart disease risks. These nutrient-rich foods can be incorporated into meals, with some even appearing in meal kits and fast food chains.

Superfoods are whole, unprocessed foods packed with essential nutrients like vitamins and antioxidants. While there is no official list, they can improve overall health, reduce disease risks, and complement a balanced diet, which should include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

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Fitness

Quick Review of the 20-Minute Dumbbell Workout

The 20-minute legs, glutes, and core workout by Vivienne Addo is efficient and adaptable for all fitness levels. It includes two rounds of 10 exercises and a warm-up, taking under 23 minutes.

The workout starts with a challenging front squat and includes modifications for beginners. After standing exercises, you move to floor exercises that focus on the core. Beeps guide you through the sets, and you can adjust the intensity for each round.

Quick At-Home Cardio Workout Review

This 9-move plyometric workout improves muscle power and cardiovascular fitness, requiring just bodyweight exercises. It includes high-impact moves like mountain climbers, burpees, and squat jumps, with 30 seconds of work and 30 seconds of rest.

The workout can be modified for lower impact and is ideal for those returning to fitness. It boosts endurance and burns calories through intense bursts of movement, offering an efficient way to improve strength at home.

Lower Body Strength Workout

This 20-minute workout designed by Rachael Sacerdoti strengthens and tones the lower body, targeting muscles like glutes, quads, and hamstrings. It includes exercises like sumo squats, curtsy lunges, and glute bridges, with modifications for form and intensity.

With consistent practice, using dumbbells and a resistance band, the workout enhances balance, stability, and functional strength, contributing to better mobility and posture.

Exercise for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome causes extreme tiredness, sleep issues, and concentration difficulties. Exercise, when done gently and with caution, can improve circulation, reduce pain, and boost mood.

Focus on light activities like diaphragmatic breathing and seated movements. It’s essential to avoid high-intensity workouts and be mindful of energy limits. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any exercise routine.

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Women Health

Women’s Hidden Heart Health Risks

Millions of women may unknowingly face risks for heart, kidney, and metabolic diseases (CKM syndrome), per the American Heart Association. Factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, and kidney function are interconnected, with disruptions escalating cardiovascular risk. Nearly 45% of women over 20 have cardiovascular disease, yet symptoms (e.g., jaw pain) often differ from men’s.

Pregnancy complications and menopause further impact CKM health, while social barriers limit care access. Women are urged to advocate for screenings and monitor key metrics (e.g., blood pressure <120/80 mmHg). Early action can mitigate risks, emphasizing the need for awareness and proactive management.

Boost Collagen Naturally Through Diet

Collagen, essential for skin, joints, and gut health, can be boosted naturally through diet rather than pricey supplements. A balanced intake of amino acids (from eggs, meat, bone broth), vitamin C (citrus, berries), and minerals (zinc, copper) supports collagen production.

Supplements may help but lack conclusive evidence, while treatments like microneedling remain uncertain. For a natural approach, prioritize collagen-rich foods—especially bone broth—to maintain elasticity and vitality without relying on unproven products.

Ariana Grande’s Vegan Diet

Ariana Grande transitioned to a 100% vegan diet in 2013, after years of being plant-based. Her new eating habits improved her blood sugar control and overall health.

Grande enjoys healthy snacks like strawberries, almonds, and coconut water, and incorporates Japanese food like adzuki beans into her meals. Her diet also includes smoothies from her trainer’s Body Reset Diet and soy lattes from Starbucks.

Smart, Sustainable Weight Loss

Sustainable weight loss requires patience, not quick fixes. Avoid short-term diets, extreme restrictions, or overestimating exercise—focus on balanced nutrition, moderation, and gradual progress. Support systems and stress management are equally critical, as isolation and burnout can derail efforts.

Supplements alone won’t drive results; consistency in diet and activity matters most. Prioritize sleep, manage stress, and adopt a long-term mindset. Lasting change comes from sustainable habits, not temporary extremes.

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Palácio de Ferro

Country: Angola

Men Health

Low Phosphate Linked to Infertility

Research presented at the ESPEESE Joint Congress found infertile men often have lower blood phosphate levels, linked to reduced sperm motility. Analyzing 1,242 Danish men, 36% had clinically low phosphate—far exceeding the general population’s 2–4%. While not proving causation, the study suggests phosphate may play a role in male fertility.

Earlier work showed phosphate is vital for testicular function, with high semen levels correlating with better sperm quality. The team plans controlled trials to test phosphate’s direct impact on fertility, potentially opening new treatment avenues.

Sleep Loss Harms Heart Health

Poor sleep doesn’t just cause fatigue—it may harm your heart. A Uppsala University study found that even short-term sleep loss raises inflammatory protein levels, linked to cardiovascular disease. Researchers observed these changes in healthy young men after just a few nights of restricted sleep, highlighting sleep’s early role in heart health.

While exercise offsets some negative effects, it can’t replace sleep. Further research is needed on diverse populations, but the message is clear: adequate sleep is a simple, powerful way to support heart health.

Open Up, Find Strength

Jamie Laing recalls his first panic attack as a lonely, isolating experience, worsened by the lack of mental health awareness at the time. Now, he advocates for open conversations, urging men to share their struggles and support each other.

Laing’s Ultra Marathon taught him resilience, both physical and mental. He redefines success as vulnerability and kindness, emphasizing that pain is temporary— and speaking up is the first step to overcoming it.

The FDA warned of lasting side effects—like erectile dysfunction and anxiety—from topical finasteride, a hair loss treatment. Reports highlight risks similar to oral versions, urging patients to consult doctors before use.

Prescriptions have surged via telehealth, but experts caution against unsupervised access. Dermatologists stress the need for medical guidance, as compounded topicals lack rigorous testing and carry unpredictable risks.

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FDA Warns of Finasteride Risks

Gerontology & Life Extension

Curiosity Keeps Aging Minds Sharp

Curiosity may be key to aging well, helping protect against cognitive decline. Research shows that while general curiosity (trait) often wanes with age, specific interest in meaningful topics (state curiosity) can rebound, especially post-retirement.

A study of 1,000+ adults found state curiosity dips in midlife but rises later, mirroring happiness trends. Psychologist Alan Castel suggests selectivity—focusing on what matters—helps maintain mental sharpness. Staying curious isn’t just fulfilling; it could be a strategic way to keep your brain engaged as you age.

Relationships Boost Health and Happiness

Waldinger, director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development, found that warm relationships predict well-being by reducing stress. Strong social ties help regulate stress, while isolation harms health. Active relationship-building, even through small interactions, boosts happiness.

Experts warn that despite cultural emphasis on achievements like wealth, true fulfillment comes from connections. Socializing lowers dementia and depression risks, yet modern life often neglects this. Happiness isn’t constant, but nurturing relationships offers lasting benefits.

Protein May Slow Aging Decline

Scientists are studying the protein s-KL, a form of Klotho, to combat age-related decline. Research led by Professor Miguel Chillón found s-KL improved muscle, bone, and brain health in mice, with effects varying by sex and treatment timing.

The findings suggest s-KL could offer a unified approach to aging, addressing multiple systems at once. While human applications require further study, this research opens doors for therapies that enhance longevity and quality of life.

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The Benefits and Considerations of Pet Ownership for Older Adults

Pets offer older adults physical, mental, and emotional benefits, from increased activity to reduced loneliness. Dr. Erin Ray of Texas A&M emphasizes how pet care provides purpose and encourages social interaction, helping seniors maintain healthier routines. While challenges exist—like pet activity levels or vet visits—choosing a pet that fits a senior’s lifestyle can be deeply rewarding. With family support, pet ownership can ease isolation and help older adults feel valued and connected.

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Pixabay

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Psychology

Beauty Boosts Abstract Thinking

A University of Cambridge study found that actively judging art’s beauty boosts abstract thinking by 14% compared to passive observation, reinforcing philosophical claims about beauty’s cognitive effects. Participants rating ceramics’ beauty reported more transformative emotions (e.g., inspiration) but not greater happiness, suggesting aesthetic engagement uniquely shifts perspective.

Conducted at Kettle’s Yard gallery, the research highlights art’s role in psychological distancing—helping people escape daily mental traps. The findings, published in *Empirical Studies of the Arts*, support expanding access to artistic spaces to foster abstract thought amid screen-dominated routines.

Evenings: Less Scrolling, More Zzz’s

Lachlan Brown, Hack Spirit founder, shares seven psychology-backed habits that transformed his evenings. Key steps include unplugging from technology, establishing a bedtime routine, journaling, light exercise, mindful eating, gratitude practice, and scheduling time to do nothing. These small changes improved sleep, reduced stress, and enhanced overall well-being. Success lies in consistency. Start with one or two habits—like 30 minutes screen-free or a short bedtime routine—and build from there. These subtle shifts can turn chaotic evenings into restorative, productive time. For more insights, follow Lachlan Brown on Facebook.

Schizophrenia Accelerates Brain Aging

Longer Words Signal Sincerity

Apologies are more persuasive when they require effort, like using longer words. Research shows people perceive lengthier (but not rarer) words as more sincere, as they demand greater articulation without confusing the recipient.

Studies analyzing apology tweets and participant rankings confirmed this: longer words signaled remorse, while uncommon ones didn’t. Word form—like length— can convey meaning beyond semantics, making “character” seem more apologetic than “self.” So, for a convincing apology, choose longer, familiar words.

Schizophrenia may involve accelerated brain ageing, detectable through blood tests measuring neuron damage. Our study found neurofilament light protein (NfL) levels rise faster in schizophrenia patients than in healthy individuals, indicating rapid brain deterioration. Unlike bipolar disorder, schizophrenia shows clear signs of premature ageing.

Lifestyle factors, like isolation and substance abuse, worsen physical health, shortening life expectancy by decades. Our research advances understanding of schizophrenia’s biological mechanisms, offering potential pathways for future treatments.

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DID YOU KNOW?

Water can boil and freeze at the same time — a phenomenon called the triple point.

This happens at a specific temperature and pressure where the three phases of a substance (solid, liquid, and gas) coexist in perfect balance. For water, this occurs at 0.01°C (32.018°F) and 611.657 pascals of pressure. It’s a fascinating demonstration of how phase changes depend on more than just temperature!

& Aniversary

May 17

Historical Events:

1954 – Brown v. Board of Education Decision: The U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. While primarily a legal milestone, this decision had profound implications for social sciences, particularly in understanding the psychological effects of segregation on children.

1980 – Mount St. Helens Eruption: Following a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, Mount St. Helens in Washington state erupted catastrophically. This event provided extensive data on volcanic activity, leading to advancements in volcanology and disaster preparedness.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1749 – Birth of Edward Jenner: An English physician, Jenner pioneered the smallpox vaccine, laying the foundation for modern immunology. His work has saved countless lives and continues to influence vaccine development today.

1763 – Birth of Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin: A French chemist, Vauquelin discovered the elements chromium and beryllium, contributing significantly to the field of inorganic chemistry.

Scientific Discoveries:

2014 – Discovery of Massive Titanosaur Fossils: Paleontologists in Argentina uncovered fossils of a new species of titanosaur, estimated to be the largest dinosaur ever discovered. The creature measured approximately 40 meters in length and weighed around 77 tonnes, providing insights into the diversity and scale of prehistoric life.

May 18

Historical Events:

1980 – Eruption of Mount St. Helens: On this day, Mount St. Helens in Washington state erupted catastrophically, following a 5.1 magnitude earthquake. The eruption was one of the most significant volcanic events in U.S. history, resulting in the deaths or disappearance of approximately 57 people. The explosion decimated 230 square miles of forest and spewed ash across 11 states, providing extensive data on volcanic activity and leading to advancements in volcanology and disaster preparedness.

1974 – India Conducts First Nuclear Test: India successfully detonated its first nuclear weapon, a fission bomb similar in explosive power to the U.S. atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The test, conducted in the Rajasthan Desert, marked India’s entry into the group of nuclear-armed nations and had significant implications for global nuclear proliferation and regional security dynamics.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1924 – Birth of Wolfgang Rindler: Austrian-American physicist Wolfgang Rindler was born on this day. He is known for his work in relativity and cosmology, particularly for introducing the concept of Rindler coordinates, which are used in the study of accelerated frames of reference in special relativity.

Scientific Discoveries:

1924 – Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: The Kīlauea volcano in Hawaii experienced a violent explosion at the Halema‘uma‘u crater. This event provided valuable insights into volcanic activity and contributed to the understanding of volcanic processes in the Hawaiian Islands.

May 19

Historical Events:

1967 – Soviet Union Ratifies Outer Space Treaty: The Soviet Union ratified the Outer Space Treaty, which banned the placement of nuclear weapons in outer space. This treaty was one of the first major international agreements aimed at limiting the militarization of space and promoting peaceful exploration. HISTORY

1780 – New England’s Dark Day: An unusual darkening of the daytime sky was observed over New England and parts of eastern Canada. The phenomenon, known as New England’s Dark Day, was likely caused by a combination of smoke from forest fires, thick fog, and cloud cover. The darkness was so complete that candles were required from noon on.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1914 – Birth of Max Perutz: Austrian-born molecular biologist Max Perutz was born on this day. He is renowned for his work on the structure of hemoglobin and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962 for his studies of the structures of globular proteins.

1773 – Birth of Arthur Aikin: English chemist, mineralogist, and scientific writer Arthur Aikin was born on this day. He was a founding member of the Geological Society of London and contributed significantly to the popularization of science in the early 19th century.

Scientific Discoveries:

1857 – Patent for Electromagnetic Fire Alarm Telegraph: William Francis Channing and Moses Gerrish Farmer were issued the first U.S. patent for an “electromagnetic fire alarm telegraph for cities.” The system consisted of a circuit between a signal station, central station, and alarm station, designed to provide a local or general alarm in a town or city.

May 20

Historical Events:

1862 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln Signs the Homestead Act: President Lincoln signed the Homestead Act, which provided 160 acres of public land virtually free of charge to individuals who had lived on and cultivated the land for at least five years. This act significantly influenced the expansion and development of the American West.

1983 – Discovery of HIV Published: The first publications detailing the discovery of the HIV virus, which causes AIDS, appeared in the journal Science. The research was conducted by a team of French scientists, including Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, marking a significant milestone in the fight against the AIDS epidemic.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1851 – Birth of Emile Berliner: German-born inventor Emile Berliner was born on this day. He is best known for inventing the flat disc record and the gramophone, which were significant advancements in the recording and playback of sound.

1722 – Death of Sébastien Vaillant: French botanist Sébastien Vaillant passed away on this day. He made significant contributions to botany, particularly in plant classification and the study of plant reproduction.

Scientific Discoveries:

1956 – First Airplane-Delivered Hydrogen Bomb Test: The United States conducted the first hydrogen fusion bomb test dropped from an airplane over Namu Atoll, part of the Bikini Atoll. The test, designated “Cherokee,” was part of Operation Redwing and represented a significant advancement in nuclear weapons delivery systems.

1978 – Launch of NASA’s Pioneer

Venus Orbiter: NASA launched the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, which was designed to study the atmosphere and surface of Venus. The mission provided valuable data on the planet’s characteristics and contributed to the understanding of Venusian atmospheric dynamics.

World Metrology Day: May 20 is celebrated as World Metrology Day, commemorating the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875. This agreement established a global framework for uniform measurements, which is essential for scientific research, industrial development, and international trade.

May 21

Historical Events:

1881 – Founding of the American Red Cross: On this day, Clara Barton established the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C., marking a pivotal moment in humanitarian aid and disaster relief. The organization has since played a crucial role in providing emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in the United States.

1927 – Charles Lindbergh’s First Solo Nonstop Transatlantic Flight: American aviator Charles Lindbergh completed the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean, landing in Paris after a 33.5-hour journey from New York. This historic flight demonstrated the potential of aviation for long-distance travel and significantly advanced the field of aeronautics.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1785 – Benjamin Franklin Reveals Bifocal Glasses Design: On May 23, 1785, Benjamin Franklin disclosed his design for bifocal glasses, allowing individuals to use a single pair of glasses for both near and far vision. This innovation revolutionized vision correction and

remains widely used today.

1901 – Birth of John Bardeen: John Bardeen, born on this day, was an American physicist and electrical engineer who co-invented the transistor and developed the theory of superconductivity. He is the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice.

Scientific Discoveries:

1901 – Wright Brothers Granted U.S. Patent for Flying Machine: The Wright brothers were granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their “Flying-Machine,” solidifying their place in history as pioneers of powered flight. This patent covered the method of controlling an aircraft in flight, a fundamental aspect of modern aviation.

Archeology

Water Lifted the Step Pyramid

The Step Pyramid, built 4,650 years ago, remains an engineering marvel. A new study proposes that hydraulic lifts, not ramps, moved its 11 million cubic feet of limestone, using water channels from the Gisr el-Mudir dam and Dry Moat.

Pharaoh Djoser’s architect, Imhotep, pioneered large stone construction, enabling later pyramids. The empty burial chamber suggests a hydraulic core, while modern engineers see parallels in fluid dynamics. Research continues, but the pyramid stands as proof of ancient innovation.

Neutrons Reveal African Swordcraft

ANSTO scientists and the University of Sydney analyzed six 19th-century West African swords using neutron imaging, revealing local ironworking techniques. The blades, tied to Dahomey’s female warriors, showed forging variations, challenging assumptions about European imports.

Neutron diffraction identified distinct manufacturing groups, suggesting diverse metal sources like Togo, Sweden, or Brazil. Archaeologists propose ritual uses, with local craftsmanship confirmed— half the swords displaying unique Dahomean forging methods.

Image Credits: Heritage. DOI_ 10.3390_heritage8020062

Rethinking T. Rex Intelligence

The 2023 claim that T. rex had primate-like intelligence, based on neuron counts, sparked debate. Researchers later corrected this using CT scans, showing its cognition aligned more with modern reptiles—highlighting flaws in relying solely on brain cavity volume.

Unearthing Early Human Ingenuity

Jackson Njau, a paleoanthropologist at Indiana University Bloomington, studies early hominin interactions with prehistoric environments at Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge. His discoveries include crocodile predation evidence and the oldest known bone tools (1.5 million years old), reshaping understanding of early human ingenuity.

Njau’s work bridges past and present, examining how ancient climate and predation influenced hominin evolution. Collaborating with global researchers, he extends Olduvai’s paleoenvironmental record, offering insights into human origins and modern challenges.

Image Credits: Spanish National Research Council

Image Credits: Paleotechnic of Paris, France

Image Credits: Sebastian Ganso from Pixabay

Space Exploration & Cosmology

Rethinking Black Hole Singularities

Black holes might not contain singularities, as new models propose alternatives without event horizons. While Einstein’s relativity predicts infinitely curved spacetime at their cores, observations haven’t confirmed this. Researchers now explore “regular” black holes and horizonless “mimickers,” which could resolve theoretical gaps.

Advanced tools like the Event Horizon Telescope and gravitational wave detectors may soon detect subtle deviations, revealing black holes’ true nature. This could lead to a quantum theory of gravity, merging relativity and quantum mechanics. As Stefano Liberati notes, we’re entering an exciting era of discovery in fundamental physics.

India’s 2027 Space Ambition

India’s first crewed spaceflight, Gaganyaan, is now slated for 2027 after another delay. Three uncrewed missions—G1 (2024), G2, and G3 (2026)—will precede the H1 crewed launch, ensuring safety. The astronauts, Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, Ajit Krishnan, Angad Pratap, and Shubhanshu Shukla, are in final training.

The missions will use ISRO’s HLVM3 rocket, with 90% of infrastructure complete. If successful, India will become the fourth nation to independently send humans to orbit, following the U.S., Russia, and China.

2025 Space Launch Preview

2025 brings a packed schedule of space launches, including missions by CASC (Long March rockets), LandSpace (Zhugque-2E), Rocket Lab (Electron, HASTE), ISRO (PSLV-XL), and SpaceX (Falcon 9). Key events include Tianwen-2’s asteroid sample return, RISAT-1B’s radar imaging, and NASA’s TRACERS solar study.

Launch dates remain tentative, sourced from agencies like NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos. Highlights include Crew-11’s ISS mission and iQPS’s SAR satellite deployment. Follow updates via official channels for real-time adjustments.

Testing the Universe’s Uniformity

Scientists are using the Euclid telescope to test whether the Universe is truly uniform in all directions, a core assumption in cosmology. By analyzing weak gravitational lensing—subtle distortions in light from distant galaxies—researchers like James Adam seek signs of anisotropies. A correlation between expected (E-mode) and anomalous (B-mode) signals could challenge the cosmological principle.

Euclid’s high-resolution data may soon provide answers. If anisotropies are confirmed, cosmology’s Standard Model might need revision. However, current anomalies remain inconclusive. As Adam notes, rigorous verification is essential before rethinking cosmic fundamentals. The findings could range from minor adjustments to a major theoretical shift.

Image Credits: SciTechDaily.com

Image Credits: ISRO

Image Credits: SciTechDaily.com

Image Credits: Neon images_ Zeybart via Getty Images. Image assembled with Canva by Daisy Dobrijevic

Engineering, Robotics & IT

Antivirus Privacy Risks Explained

Antivirus software safeguards devices but often collects excessive data, per a 2023 AV-Comparatives report. While some providers responsibly handle user information, others share or sell it—like AVG, which faced an FTC fine. To protect privacy, adjust settings, avoid free versions, and choose transparent vendors like F-Secure.

Despite concerns, antivirus tools remain vital for security. Opt for well-reviewed options that minimize unnecessary data collection, ensuring protection without compromising privacy.

Light-Powered Soft Ring Robot

Image Credits: Fangjie Qi, NC State University

Researchers developed a soft ring robot from liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) that navigates complex 3D tracks using only infrared light. Its twisted structure flips repeatedly, converting rotation into forward motion—enabling climbing, load-carrying, and obstacle traversal without external controls.

The robot excels in adaptability, moving along varied surfaces and carrying heavy loads. Its simplicity, relying solely on steady light, makes it ideal for medical, industrial, or remote applications where precision and autonomy are critical.

Robot Dog Masters Land and Water

The Amphibious Robot Dog (ARD), developed by South China University of Technology, excels both on land and in water. At 0.54 BL/s, its swimming speed nears real dogs, thanks to bioinspired paddling gaits and balanced buoyancy. Researchers tested three swimming styles, finding a 33% power-phase gait fastest and a trot-like gait most stable. Prof. Yunquan Li calls ARD a leap in nature-inspired robotics, blending aquatic and terrestrial mobility.

Physics Powers Autonomous Soft Robot

Researchers have developed a fast, sensor-free soft robot that moves autonomously using air-powered, synchronized legs—inspired by inflatable tube dancers. Without a computer or code, it adapts to obstacles and terrain shifts, reaching speeds of 30 body lengths per second.

The study rethinks robotics by proving complex behavior can emerge from simple physics. Potential applications include smart medical devices and space machines, showcasing how decentralized, physics-driven designs could replace traditional electronic control.

Image Credits: Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

Image Credits: AMOLF

Image Credits: IOP Publishing

787 Dreamliner By

Design learn more

Term of the Week

Black Hole:

A region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. It forms when massive stars collapse under their own gravity.

Bioluminescence in Deep-Sea Creatures

Curiosity: For Science Lovers Who Just Can’t Stop Asking Questions

When the sun sets, most of us flip a switch and flood the room with artificial light. But 4,000 meters below the ocean surface, nature has been flipping that same biological switch for hundreds of millions of years—no electricity, no cords, just pure evolutionary genius. This glowing phenomenon, called bioluminescence, isn’t just the ultimate underwater party trick—it’s a survival tool, a communication system, a weapon, and even a love letter in the deep dark blue. Let’s dive deeper (pun proudly intended) into this surreal world where darkness reigns, yet life shines with its own builtin glow sticks.

Deeper Than Darkness: The Realm of Lightless Light

The deep sea—defined as anything below 200 meters—is an alien world. Sunlight disappears, pressure builds to crushing extremes, and temperatures hover near freezing. But rather than lifeless voids, these depths are teeming with creatures that have evolved one of the most bizarre and beautiful adaptations known to science: the ability to produce light.

At depths below 1,000

meters—called the bathypelagic zone or the “midnight zone”—almost every organism emits light in some way. In fact, more than 75% of all deep-sea animals are thought to be bioluminescent. Some researchers say this may be the most common form of communication on the planet.

The Chemistry Behind the Glow

So how exactly do deepsea organisms pull off this glowing trick?

It all starts with a few key ingredients:

• Luciferin: the light-producing molecule

• Luciferase: the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin

• Oxygen: required to trigger the reaction

• ATP (in some systems): provides energy for the reaction

The result? A “cold” light emission that is incredibly energy-efficient— about 98% of the energy goes directly into light, unlike incandescent bulbs that waste most energy as heat. Most marine bioluminescence emits blue or green light, which travels farthest through seawater, although a few species use red or violet hues to communicate privately (we’ll get to that later).

Glow for a Purpose: The Many Uses of Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence isn’t one-size-fits-all. It has evolved independently at least 40 times in various animal lineages. Let’s explore its primary functions:

1. Camouflage and Invisibility

Called counterillumination, this tactic is used by squid, shrimp, and small fish to blend with the faint downwelling light from above. Photophores on the belly emit just enough light to mask the silhouette of the creature when seen from below.

2. Luring Prey

The infamous anglerfish uses a glowing lure—actually a modified dorsal spine containing symbiotic bacteria—to attract unsuspecting prey. The Stauroteuthis octopus has glowing suckers it uses like landing lights on a runway.

3. Mating and Courtship

In the deep, finding a mate can be like Tinder with no signal. Bioluminescent light patterns help creatures like the firefly squid signal species identity, sex, and readiness to mate.

4. Defense and Escape

Many animals use bioluminescence as a defensive alarm system. Some squid and shrimp release glowing clouds of fluid to distract predators. The Atolla jellyfish uses sudden light pulses to attract a bigger predator—turning the hunter into the hunted.

5. Deception and Mimicry

The cookiecutter shark mimics small fish to attract predators. Once a large fish gets close, the shark bites a perfect cookie-shaped chunk out of it before swimming off.

6. Intra- and Interspecies Communication

Blinking patterns, color shifts, and glowing appendages serve as warning signals, invitations, or even silent threats. It’s a whole visual language we’re just beginning to decode.

Glowing All-Stars: Who’s Lighting Up the Deep?

Let’s meet some of the brightest personalities in the ocean.

The Stoplight Loosejaw (Malacosteus niger)

One of the few species that emits red light—rare

in the deep sea, where most animals can’t even see red. This gives the loosejaw an invisible flashlight to hunt stealthily.

The Barreleye Fish

With a transparent skull and rotating tubular eyes, this fish looks like a spaceship. Its eyes are adapted to capture bioluminescent glows from above, helping it detect prey in absolute darkness.

Vampire Squid

Neither a vampire nor a true squid, this gelatinous creature has glowing tips and defensive “light shows” to startle predators. It also has the coolest Latin name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis (vampire squid from hell).

Siphonophores

These colonial organisms

can span over 100 feet and use a daisy-chain of glowing nodules to attract prey. Their movement looks like a string of fairy lights floating in water.

Microbial Magic: Symbiotic Bacteria and Quorum Sensing

Many deep-sea fish and squid don’t produce light on their own—they farm it. They harbor symbiotic bacteria, such as Vibrio fischeri, in specialized organs. The bacteria glow when they reach a critical population density through a process called quorum sensing. The Hawaiian bobtail squid expels most of its bacteria at dawn and regrows them every night—a biological reboot. These bacteria aren’t freeloaders; they provide camouflage, help attract mates or prey, and deter predators. In return, the host offers them a nutrient-rich home and protection from the big, cold sea.

Survival in a Harsh World: Engineering the Glow

Creating light at extreme ocean depths is no small feat. Bioluminescent structures have evolved in dozens of forms:

• Photophores: Light-producing organs with lenses, reflectors, and filters

Glowing mucus: Used by shrimp and jellyfish to dazzle attackers

• Lures and bait arms: Flashing appendages and glowing tissue

• Flashing eyes: Some fish use their actual eyes as glowing searchlights

Some creatures control their light with muscular shutters, chemical inhibitors, or skin pigmentation. Others use refraction to shape beams like biological flashlights.

Bioluminescence in Science and Innovation

This natural phenomenon has become a goldmine for researchers:

• Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from jellyfish revolutionized molecular biology, enabling gene expression tracking in living organisms.

• Luciferase assays are used to detect pathogens, track drug efficacy, and measure enzyme activity.

• Bioluminescent sensors are being developed to monitor pollution, radiation, and even space conditions.

Engineers are working on bio-lights for sustainable urban design, while synthetic biologists are crafting glow-in-the-dark plants, bacteria, and even glowing tattoos.

Still Glowing Strong: Unanswered Questions and Future Mysteries

Despite the progress, we know shockingly little about the deep sea. Some mysteries include:

• Why did red and

infrared bioluminescence evolve in such niche species?

• How do some animals synchronize complex blinking patterns?

• Could bioluminescent systems be used in deep-sea ecological monitoring?

• Are there unknown types of luciferins or entirely new glow mechanisms waiting to be discovered?

Deep-sea research is expensive, logistically difficult, and technically demanding—but with advances in ROVs, pressure-retaining chambers, and even underwater observatories, we’re finally getting closer to watching glowing creatures in their natural environments.

Closing Thoughts: A World That Lights Itself

Bioluminescence is a profound reminder of how life adapts not just to survive—but to shine. It’s not just a gimmick; it’s an ancient language, a defense strategy, a romance tool, and a hunting weapon.

Somewhere, far beneath the waves, an animal is flashing its light right now, unseen by human eyes, but part of an evolutionary drama that has been unfolding for hundreds of millions of years.

Here’s to the creatures who turn darkness into something beautiful— and to the humans who keep trying to understand it.

Parenting & Relationship

Make Adult Friendships Easier

Making friends as an adult is challenging but achievable. Define what you seek in friendships, then put yourself out there—attend local events, join online groups, or use apps like Bumble BFF. Situational connections, like those from volunteering, can deepen with effort.

Friendship boosts mental and physical health, reducing loneliness and stress. While the process has ups and downs, balance socializing with self-care. Stay persistent; meaningful connections are worth the time.

Bedtime Stories: Parental Plot Twist!

Reading to kids fosters bonding and literacy, yet many parents don’t do it regularly. A UK report found only 41% of young children are frequently read to, with some parents stopping once kids can read alone, fearing dependency. However, reading aloud builds advanced skills like vocabulary and comprehension, complementing school learning.

Choose engaging materials— books, articles, or even oral storytelling—to make it fun. Even brief, shared reading sessions help, and there’s no need to stop at any age. The key is consistency and enjoyment, whether nightly, weekly, or with family involvement.

Beyond Individual Loneliness Solutions

Loneliness stems from unmet social needs, yet solutions often focus on individual therapy rather than fostering connections. While technology is blamed, research shows young people use it to seek relationships, complicating the narrative.

Love Shapes Little Hearts

Research by Jasmin Wertz, PhD, reveals maternal warmth in childhood (ages 5–10) may foster traits like openness and conscientiousness in adulthood. Analyzing 2,232 twins, the study found affectionate parenting had modest but lasting effects, though it didn’t influence extraversion or neuroticism.

Wertz highlighted policy measures—financial aid, mental health support, and parenting programs—as ways to encourage affectionate parenting. Such interventions, she noted, can strengthen family dynamics and benefit children long-term.

Image Credits: Mikhail Nilov from Pexels

Image Credits: luis pacheco from Pixabay

Image Credits: Lukas_Rychvalsky from Pixabay

Image Credits: Mandarhino Belgium from Pixabay

Investiments & Finanace

Choosing the Right Savings Option

To maximize savings growth, consider options like high-yield savings accounts or CDs. High-yield accounts provide competitive rates with easy access, while CDs lock in fixed rates for a set period but include withdrawal penalties. Other options include money market accounts, which offer flexibility, and Series I bonds, which protect against inflation. Each choice has unique pros and cons, so assess your goals before deciding on the best fit for your savings plan.

Warren Buffett’s Top 5 Investment Tips

Warren Buffett’s investment principles focus on long-term success. He advocates investing in American companies, buying excellent companies at fair prices, and thinking of stocks as businesses rather than share prices.

Buffett also emphasizes the importance of contrarian investing and playing the long game by holding stocks for extended periods. His wisdom, now passed on to Greg Abel, remains a valuable guide for future investors.

Why Talking About Money Is Still Taboo in 2025

Despite technological change, talking about money remains taboo due to class, tradition, and emotional sensitivity. Wealthy and middle-class households avoid it, while financial illiteracy and outdated gender roles keep many silent.

Traditional defensive stocks aren’t shielding investors as expected

Utilities and consumer staples are falling short in today’s uncertain economy. Even companies like Kraft Heinz and Church & Dwight are lowering sales forecasts, and top analysts warn these sectors no longer offer the safe haven they once did.

Bank of America recommends shifting toward value and dividend stocks, especially in sectors like insurance and industrials. These areas benefit from consistent, non-discretionary spending and high-quality fundamentals, offering more resilience during downturns.

Image Credits: mejiamelissa from Pixabay

Image Credits: Paul ( PWLPL) from Pixabay

Image Credits: Víctor González from Pixabay

Image Credits: Ahmad Ardity from Pixabay

Retirement

Time Bucket Planning: A Smarter Retirement Strategy

Time bucket planning divides retirement savings into short-, mid-, and long-term investments, aligning risk with your evolving needs. It ensures liquidity early on, income in the middle years, and growth later in life.

This flexible strategy manages market risks and inflation while supporting your lifestyle. For best results, work with a professional to keep your plan optimized and stress-free.

Finding Fulfillment in Retirement

Retirement offers freedom, but filling time meaningfully takes intention. Light routines, like weekly coffee dates or yoga, create structure without pressure. Reconnect with hobbies or explore new passions like travel, birdwatching, or painting to bring joy and variety.

Stay socially active through chats, volunteering, or group walks. Balance activity with peaceful moments — reading, gardening, or enjoying a quiet cup of tea. Plan a few events to look forward to, but leave room for spontaneity. Retirement is your chance to shape each week with purpose and ease.

Seven Quick Tasks to Strengthen Your Retirement Plan

Spend five minutes each on tasks like reviewing spending, automating savings, and adjusting 401(k) contributions to percentages. These quick actions help build lasting financial security and ensure your savings grow with your income.

Also, use tools like the 4% rule, increase IRA contributions, update estate documents, and avoid market panic. These steps can protect your future and help keep your retirement plan on track.

Smart Planning for a Secure and Comfortable Retirement

Understand your unique retirement needs, estimate future expenses, and build a budget based on income sources. Diversify your investments and prepare for inflation to maintain financial stability. Develop a withdrawal strategy, plan for health care costs, and keep an emergency fund. Regularly review and adjust your plan to stay on track and enjoy peace of mind in retirement.

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After the apes suffer unimaginable losses, Caesar wrestles with his darker instincts and begins his own mythic quest to avenge his kind.

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Conferences

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A “beautifully composed and revealing” (Financial Times) biography of the dazzling and painful life of Nobel Prize–winning physicist Roger Penrose—”a stunning achievement” (Kai Bird, American Prometheus).

When he was six years old, Roger Penrose discovered a sundial in a clearing near his house. Through that machine made of light, shadow, and time, Roger glimpsed a “world behind the world” of transcendently beautiful geometry. It spurred him on a journey to become one of the world’s most influential mathematicians, philosophers, and physicists.

Penrose would prove the limitations of general relativity, set a new agenda for theoretical physics, and astound colleagues and admirers with the elegance and beauty of his discoveries. However, as Patchen Barss documents in The Impossible Man, success came at a price: He was attuned to the secrets of the universe, but struggled to connect with loved ones, especially the women who care for or worked with him.

Both erudite and poetic, The Impossible Man draws on years of research and interviews, as well as previously unopened archives to present a moving portrait of Penrose the Nobel Prize-winning scientist and Roger the human being. It reveals not just the extraordinary life of Roger Penrose, but asks who gets to be a genius, and who makes the sacrifices that allow one man to be one.

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