A Practical Guide to Turfgrass Fungicides

Page 25

Turf Fungicide Fundamentals  15

intercellular spaces and cells that do not contain living protoplasts (apoplastic transport) (Fig. 1.4). Only phosphonic acids move symplastically, while all other penetrants move in an apoplastic fashion (Table 1.3). Fungicides capable of apoplastic transport are further divided into those that are xylem mobile (acrope­tal penetrants) and those with limited migration across leaf tissues (local penetrants). In most cases, fungicides within a given class share a common phytomobility, such as local penetrant dicarboximides and xylem mobile DMIs. The notable exception is the QoI fungicide class, which includes both acropetal and local penetrants. The disease control advantage provided by penetrant fungicides lies in their ability to restrict the growth of pathogenic fungi inside the plant; i.e., they are chemotherapeutic. As long as fungitoxic concentrations persist in

Table 1.3. Phytomobility of active ingredients in turf fungicides Fungicide

Phytomobility classification

Movement throughout the plant

… … … … … …

Movement among cells

chlorothalonil mancozeb thiram PCNB chloroneb etridiazole

Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact Contact

… … … … … …

iprodione vinclozolin trifloxystrobin pyraclostrobin cyazofamid fludioxonil polyoxin D

Local penetrant Local penetrant Local penetrant Local penetrant Local penetrant Local penetrant Local penetrant

Translaminar Translaminar Translaminar Translaminar Translaminar Translaminar Translaminar

Uncertain Uncertain Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic

azoxystrobin fluoxastrobin fenarimol metconazole myclobutanil propiconazole tebuconazole triadimefon triticonazole flutolanil boscalid mefenoxam thiophanate-methyl propamocarb fluopicolide

Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant Acropetal penetrant

Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile Xylem mobile

Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic Apoplastic

fosetyl aluminum phosphonic acids

Systemic penetrant Systemic penetrant

Ambimobile Ambimobile

Symplastic Symplastic


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