5 0 Billion Euros: Europe's Child Labour Footprint in 2019

Page 142

142 Policy Review argues that sustainability threats pose risks requiring concerted, all-hands-ondeck action: As global challenges proliferate, WTO members should be able to coalesce around the objective of addressing the most pressing problems they face: economic recovery and development, free from competitive distortions, as well as environmental and social sustainability as part of the green transition of economies. Addressing these problems would be in line with the objectives of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (the ‘SDGs’), to which all WTO members have committed (European Commission, 2021d, p. 6). Potential reform to the WTO, according to the EU, could recognise the role that labour standards play in sustainable development: Instead of trade policies focusing primarily on economic growth, broader trade policy objectives that acknowledge the importance of human and labour rights could accelerate the achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). In a globalised world, trade, economic growth, labour rights and human rights are deeply intertwined. (Titievskaia et al., 2021, p. 2)

X. About the Authors Dr. Chris N. Bayer is Principal Investigator at Development International e.V. He earned his PhD in International Development from Tulane University in 2014. Dr. Claire Bright is an Assistant Professor in Private Law at Nova Law School in Lisbon, as well as an Associate Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). She received her PhD in Law from the European University Institute in 2013. Dr. Irene Pietropaoli is a Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). She earned her PhD in Law at Middlesex University in 2017. Eliana Gonzalez Torres is a graduate student pursuing a Master in International Accounting at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. Justine Vinet, LLM, is a trainee-lawyer in human rights and criminal law at the École de Formation professionnelle des Barreaux du ressort de la cour d'appel de Paris (EFB). She received a Master of Laws (LLM) King's College London in 2019, and a Master of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at the Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas in 2021. Dr. Derrill D. Watson II is an Associate Professor of Economics & Department Head of the Department of Accounting, Finance, and Economics at Tarleton State University in Texas. He earned a PhD in Economics from Cornell University in 2009.


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Annex III – Examples of TSD Chapters

4min
pages 150-152

Bibliography

38min
pages 153-181

XI. About Development International e.V

1min
page 143

X. About the Authors

1min
page 142

3. Child Labour Monitoring Systems

1min
page 110

2. IPEC

3min
pages 108-109

6. Suggested carrots and sticks

14min
pages 127-132

2. Switzerland

2min
page 119

2. The Netherlands

8min
pages 114-116

C. EU Investment Protection Agreements

2min
page 121

B. Mandatory corporate due diligence legislation

7min
pages 133-135

5. Use of other measures to justify exceptions

2min
page 126

D. U.S. support for trade partners

2min
page 104

Instrument

7min
pages 101-103

3. List of Goods, coordination of enforcement

10min
pages 89-92

4. U.S. Trade Policy

5min
pages 93-95

2. Support through dialogue and cooperation platforms

6min
pages 98-100

1. DHS mechanism

18min
pages 80-86

2. EO mechanisms

5min
pages 87-88

B. U.S. trade policy enforcement vis-à-vis child labour

2min
page 79

6. EU trade sanction instruments

3min
page 78

5. EU “essential elements” human rights clause

2min
page 77

4. EU-UK Free Trade Agreement

2min
page 76

1. Morbidity and mortality of hazardous labour

2min
page 59

2. Stringency of child labour provisions

5min
pages 73-74

Dimension 2: Quality of the education system

5min
pages 63-65

3. Local impact dimension of TSD chapters

2min
page 75

Dimension 3: Government capacity

5min
pages 66-67

2. How could unconditional trade bans and sanctions lower child welfare?

2min
page 57

G. Laissez-faire vs. intervention

2min
page 58

4. Forced/indentured child labour findings

5min
pages 45-50

E. Factors of child labour

8min
pages 51-53

3. Child labour footprint findings

9min
pages 36-44

2. USDOL’s “List of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor”

2min
page 27

C. Sectors and geographies with child labour practices

2min
pages 28-29

I. Introduction

5min
pages 20-22

2. Example child labour commodities

6min
pages 33-35

Executive Summary

17min
pages 4-13

Acronyms

3min
pages 14-16

II. Research Objectives

4min
pages 23-24

Foreword by Saskia Bricmont

6min
pages 17-19
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