L
rBm vldefuOfj yDwB;
umefzmwfbn.ufb efg;rBmrDjuljqkdifjrldif;
|5| SNDP n.ufbzkdefcmOfboldOfzdlufb |8| qOfjoldOf=rfbrldif;y.efvmwfjumefrldif; |16| qOfjOmefjqOfjrldif;/ wDj,ldif;eyfh,rf |18| rBmw.if;-z.if;rdlOf;rldif;wB;y.ufj
14
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|26| etz zdtm; 0 ESihf rdik ;f vm;vufrcH |30| yifvHkudk vufrvGwfoifh |32| Edik if aH &;orm;wd‹k .cGet f m; |34| jynfo‹l &ifaoG;ESihf o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf
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39
ymifqj. vkif:olnf,tlif: o#rf;0g&ifEh idk if aH &;orm;}uD; OD;a¹$tek ;f . psmye ;oyrmb ##2_2#Q@Q xK'y0kT ]6'yrl5Pyjv5'yr Zvkp6 __ xuX z5hv:oys^;ygdkj9'yh fuH,:dyT-iC9yt9bdyt xkj9uj,5b'yrs^,yh96,y UDP voyl'G hy ,6oy #Q2_2#Q@Q 9uhs^boyr,oyr0;yh 9khd6'yh 20§8§10 &uf &efukefaetdrfY uG,fvGefcJhaom jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwD UDP OD;aqmifwnfaxmifol OD;a¹$tek ;f . 22§8§10 ae@ psmye
dC,ys^;yx;yho5dyTp6'yr NLD v5r9boyjv5r 96bdyT]5]:,y-Kxyh95;y 'DcsKyf 'k-OuUX OD;wifOD;
z5hd:ory awKjx6o b z y K;yj 0wKrm6oyrgvr ]5zb6oy]bdyh,:'y0y. SNDP jyef=um;a&;wm0efcH pdkif;xGef;at; 0rf;enf;a=umif; o0%fv$mzwf=um;
z5ho,yrfuH,:dyT-iC9yt9bdytxkj9uj ,5b'yr,Koyh -;yhs^,yhxK'y0kT 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwrD S a':oef;oef;Ek (tv,f)
{sK'yhmwKjokh @} d5oyr,5b'yr ,:oyHg9HgoHd¤5;yH p6dytzCoy96'yr0K9yh ;oyrx6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-k okhlzkHxkH]uH,oyH ,5b;yh $2(2#QQ( ?
,5b'yr,:oyHg9HgoHd\5;yH ,5'b ry ,:oHy g9HgoHd¤5;Hy (Montenegro) 9uhd6ogy pkH¤5xty (Europe) voys9 G ry xK'yp'yjdK'y0d.y o 5 ry ,5'b ry (referendum) ]:'hy g9zK9yj v:dyjv,yjzK9yjv:dyj ,5b'yrl5b;yH[uHp5b;yH (Serbia) ,5b;yh]5boyg,H #@ ;oyr #QQ( d5oyr,5b'yrd,yho,y9:9yh-CxyrdK'y0y.d,ytmC,y 9kjzK9yj v:dyjc]h ]whx6boyzK;yjx5dyr9'yh,5b'yrd:oyrg-k ,5b;yh $2(2#QQ( ? ;wKrgl,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y p5Hd5;Hy l]kH;uHp5;b Hy (Yugoslavia Federation) zK9yjv:dyj9'yh,5b'yrd:oyrg-ks'yrzy.s'yr,oyrd.kj z:'yr @++Q xwKooyt xkr9'yr,:oHy g9HgoHd¤5;Hy ,5'b ry o6'b hy ? ,5b;hy c9j,oyrd5ory ,5'b ry l5;b Hy [uHp5;b yHd,yho,y -y.hsyh> xGoy,'b5 ry s^,yh96,0 y ,: ry doygl lKoy-9yr dK'y0d.y o 5 ry ,5'b ry ,:oHy g9HgoHd¤5;Hy 05;b ry -yh. zK9yjv:djy ? l5;b Hy [uHp5;b Hy pK,yhlKoy-9yr ]:'hy ,5'b ry l]5;Hy g;HouHp5;b Hy (Slovenia) -¤5;Hy gvHl\b3;yH (Croatia) [:9l ty ouHp5;b Hy (Bosnia) -;yx6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-kc]h ]whxGoyl6bdyr,krsb,yrlbxyrxu? ,5b'yr,:oyHg9HgoHd¤5;yH pK,yhxGoy,5b'yrd:oyrg-k ,urgsk-,yrz:'yr',yr ,5b;yh @+ xKdyjxug9kj #Q xKdyjxu,5b;yh0;yt? ,urs^;yd5oyr ( lCoy * ,6boyjxwK? m6b'y,kr @+@_ -;yhs^,yhoy.r,5b'yrs^,yh96,yg[kH]-CoyH voy lb5xyt -;yv:oys^;yc]h ]wh]69yt96b;yt,5b'yrd:oyrg-k,kr/ pK,yr]G;yxGoy]6dyh 06,yr,5b'yrmb @+# oy.r0K9yh06b'yhz:,tys^,yh]6,yhakT UN ? S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand
âŒŤ e-mail: shan@cm.ksc.co.th www.shanland.org, www.mongloi.org, www.khonkhurtai.org, www.mongloi.org/burmese, 089-2644127
INDEPENDENCE
pWc:] kCam];nL: 1
umefzmwfbn.ufb efg;rBmrDjuljqkdifjrldif; 9'yhc9j @++% ,kr ,6dyT06,yr0K9yh pwKhS;khow? d5Pyrdkh ;wKrooyt,krgdkh 9'yr 06'b hy z:,syt ,^ hy ]6,hy akT (UN) ,dyr,wKv;y;oyr ]6,yhakT v;yl6oyj]whd5oyrxGoypy.j,kr]5b;y mb + gvkHd9yt xGo;y oyrd5ory 0k9bddb6 ry ,5'b ry gl ;kj90K9yh06'b hy (Nationalism) voy (Indigenous Peoples) ? p:oo ty oy d:ory gck v,yjp:,yrv:dyjo:dyhv:dyr]:dyrv:oyj,oyr? 05b;yrsoy]ud,ytmC,y dKoyzK9yjv:dyj z6o b o y tw -yh. v6xjy v5;ry ]:'hy dKoyzK9yjv:djy oyr. 06'b hy ,5'b ry ]6dhy o6'b hy S,wK,uhd5h06'b hy ,5'b ry soym'b6 y c9t;khS 05;b sty ;b6 ?y ❑ 06b'yh,5b'yrvoy,ur0K9yh06b'yhvoy]G;y ,5b;yhoy.rxu #QQ) -5r]5'yf:dyH95b;yH (national group) owt ,ur9K'yr,oyhd6, b ry ;GoHy -9yv t Hw p5;b Hy (Dr. Venkat Iyer) voy ]5;b gy l 05;b ry ,ur]wK05;b -ty ;b5 ry ? l:oyp5j9uh,5b'yrvwKhp5b;yH]CoyH (Ireland) ,kr]K9yhco]:'yh06,yr05b;yt-5b;yroy.r,5b'yrs^,yh ❑ 05;b -ty ;b5 ry zy,. oyr ,url6ojy ]wh9Cxry 99yr 96,y9'yr]wKooyt -y.hcz,C'yjxoy o'yjs6b;y d,yH0k9k-:'9 y ;5 dy ;yj? Hy t 0K'yh voy;;khow g9xGo] y ': hy d,y0 t h:w oyr. dK'y;K'yrzCody ,yH0k9k 0K9yh06'b hy (nation)g-kHl5 Hy s^,yh96,y 99yr,dyr]wh;khxGoy06,yrd5o;5yr;voy 06'b hy 9wrs;yrd.kj? xK'yj]wKj
❝
◆ d5ory ,5'b ry -wKTd.kj-wKT,krp5j l,ygt 99Cxry 99yrokh]body K. 'yhdCxhy 05;b sty ;b6 My ? ◆ 9kjg99Cxyr99yr;khzy.,url6oyj]wh xoydK'y0y. Zzy.xGoy0k9bX / zy.v,yj,ur l6oyj]whxoydK'y0y. Zzy.xGoyx69bX ooyt g9 ]5bdyhv;y;oyr]y.c9j99yr,dyr;khM? Z95;y pK'yjSoyr. x5'b 'y ;yhx6'b ry p6dry pK'yj06'b hy 9wr 9C,hy ;wTc9t v;y;oyrmb $@T@T@+%( ;oyrgdkj 9'yh-:'Hy luH06'b hy 9wr voyv,yjp5js^,hy ';yr vb'yrd]G9yhooyt d,yhz:'yhgdkh;kh]u/ d,yh z:'yh;khv,yjm6dyj/ 9kTv;y )T@#T@+%) ;oyr9'yh-:'Hy luH06'b hy 9wr voy,ru awKj0;yh akT 9'yrawKjz5h9Coyrd5oyr,5b'yrs^,yhdoyX?
awKjo6'b hy ;kh d5ory ,5'b ry ,url6ojy ]wh9Cxry 99yr95;dy ;yj/ mC'hy awKjo6'b hy ;kh ,5'b ry ]6dhy o6'b hy ,url6ojy ]whdC9jy c-csTd'yh xK'yj]wKj xK'yj]wKj zCojy ]bo9 y ;5 dy ;yj
❞
l6ojy ]wh9Cxry 99yr95;dy ;yj (Right of Self-Determination) owt ]whm6djy sxys t '< ry ;wT oy.rg-kh]wh0y.,6dyT06,yr0K9yh06b'yhz:,tys^,yh (UN) ? d5Pry dkh l6ojy ]whg-khowp t 'yrxGo9 y hu mG'gy ,krdoy (Controversial) p5jg9kjpK,yr ]G;y?
;wT]5Pyh zklkd.K,yr]K9yhS05b;yt-5b;yrSab'yh c'hSlklok vbdyjxkr95oyh0y. 0kTs^,yh-u ]us^,yhx5Pyh (sense of political community) ?
◆ z:'yr,5b;yh]y.]6,yhakT]ud,yT0w:h dKoy zK9yjv:djy -:'0 y K;yrd5ory gvj-;yM? ◆ z:'ry ,5;b hy ]y. ]6,hy akT]ud,y0 t h:w 06'b hy ,5'b ry voyv;yvGoysC'yrdC9yjc-csTd'yh pkjsyh> ;Koyh,5'b ry 95;dy ;yj9Cdjy pwKhM? g9kjm6b'yxK'yd6,y]5'y c;HlwKH (Versailles) @+@+ c9t ]6,yhakTsoym6b'y;kh vkjokj0bdry 0:,;y Koyh,5'b ry o6'b hy ]6dhy owt 9dyr g9]wh,oyhd6b,yr/ g9v,yj]wh,urdKoy9Cdyj
xGdTy l,y;t kh ]6,hy akTsxyst '< ry ;wTl6ojy ]wh 9Cxyr99yr95;yd;yjgl9kTgdkh 9uhvoy coo,tcy o95;o y oyt p'yr,ur]:'hy pKxyjz69 b jy o,y?
xoysk
◆ ]6dyh06,yroy.r96,ygdk (community) voy-6b'yzK9yjv:dyjowt xGoy05b;yr]y.M? sG9yrs6b;y9Cxyr99yr;kh xGoy]6dyh06,yr0;yh d;yjM? Z95;ypK'yjS s;yr;khoy.r,5b'yr9wrxkr x]:'yh 0:'yj-;yg9z:,ytMX?
◆ zy.,url6oyj]whxoydK'y0y.M? ,5b'yrvoy -y.hzK9yjv:dyjooytd5PyrcojM? d5oyr ,5'b ry 05;b ry ,ur;wt oyr. 06'b hy ,5'b ry voyzK9yjv:djy d.kj ooyt]5r v,yj,url6oyj]whxoydK'y0y.;kh ]u xoyzK9yjv:dyjSv,yj]uxoyzK9yjv:dyjM? ◆ gxkr0;yhd;yjzK9yjv:djy d.kjp;yt 05;b Ty -5b;yrv:oyj05b;yr,uroy.r,5b'yr0;yhd;yjS-y.h l6bxyjzK9yjv:dyjmC'yh ]whp5jskTM?
;wKrl6db ry ]6,hy akTx:dhy d,yrl:'y ;wKr @+%* l6bdyr]6,yhakTd,yrl:'yp;yt 95;yhd.kjgdkh l6oyj]wh9Cxyr99yr95;yd;yj (Right of Self-Determination) owx t ': jy ;kh ,5b'yr-5;yH]5;yHouHd;yjd;yj 05b;yrooytgdkh
Shan Herald Agency for News
3
L 9'yh;Koyh,5'b ry ]wh (decolonization) ? d5Pyrdkh xKoy,5b;yh]G;y ,5b'yr-5;Hy ]5;Hy ouH05b;yrowt d,yho,yv,yj,urp;ytc]h l6oyj ]wh9Cxyr99yr95;yd;yjowooyt,kroCoyt (emb hy ,5'b ry 05;b ry ,ur phasize) ]:'hy voy;kh oyr. 06' p5jooyt 0:'yjoxytm6b;yl6oyj]whd5oyr/ 0:'yj xoylo 6 jy ]wh9uH,:dTy -giHluHS0G,0 y ;b5 ry ow?t gxkrv,yj,url6oyj]whd5oyr v,yj,url6oyj]wh fuH,:dyT-giHluHgdkh ]uxoyzK9yjv:dyj? d5Pyrdkh xwKr;5oytvoyowt ]whm6dyj]wK ]wKawKj-9yrmC'yh? awKjo6b'yh;kh d5oyr,5b'yr,ur l6ojy ]wh9Cxry 99yr95;dy ;yj/ mC'hy awKjo6'b hy ;kh ,5'b ry ]6dhy o6'b hy ,url6ojy ]whdC9jy c-csTd'yh zCoyj]boy95;yd;yj (territorial integrity) / zCoyj]boyowt ]whm6dyjsxyts<'yr;wToy.r]bdyh,wK ]wKr,6b;yrd5h06b'yh,5b'yr?
v:dyjowt g9]whm6dyj,dyr,wK;kh ZxGoym,yrX m6dyj,Coyh0:,yr,wK,uh? cvH]CoyH [5Hc-HooyH (Allen Buchanan) gdkh;kh l6ojy ]whzK9yjv:djy owt m6djy ]whxGoo y r.y ';yr]wKrvoy;kh 0Gxry lCxjy pyj. o,ygl g9]whp59ry pk (remedial) ,5o b y 05b'yto'yjxGoydboyrxGoyokjp;yt gxkrv,yjzkj 99yrv,yjxGoy/ d6b9yrlGoyh9K'yrzkj99yr mCdyjv:dyjx5b'y]G;yd5PyrSowo'yj]u0y.T96b;yr? ';yr]wKro'yjs6;b My ? ◆ x5oxty o C l y o 6 jy ]whd5ory v,yj]59ry v,yj p:ojy c]h -6db Ty ]6db Ty -5,-y Kw r (Persistent and Serious) ? ◆ zCoyj]boy;Koyh,5b'yr95;yd;yj ]whm6dyj p69 b ry v;y,kr Z95;p y K'yjS,5'b ry g[kH]y
]5'yx:'y06b'yhvoysG9yr-6oyp5jooyt gxkrv,yjxGoy95;y9Coyrd5oyr,5b'yrgl 9Gdry 9G'dy o 5 ry ,5'b ry p5jc9t dKoyzK9yjv:djy owt g9]whm6djy ,dyr,wK;kh ZxGom y ,yrX m6djy ,Cohy 0:,ry ,wK,uh 9K'yrsoy0;yhxwKrs^TgdkTo6'b hy aiC9yTfibdyT -5b;yHdbly Kirgis Jr) soym' b6 ;y khS
(Frederic
❑ l'y;kh oyr. 06'b hy ,5'b ry ,url6ojy ]whfuH,:dty -giHluH9G,ym5oyh06b'y dKoyzK9yj v:djy owt gxkrv,yjsG9ry syh> ;Koyh,5'b ry p6'hy pK'yh loyj-:oyr (destabilize) 0'yj]uxoyzK9yj v:dyj? ,5boy -\CdyT (Czech) 9'yr l]5;Hy ;CdTy -uHp5;b Hy (Slovakia) zK9yjdoyd9yrd9yr pGoypGoy? ❑ d5Pry dkh]5'xy ': 0 y 'b6 hy voys9 G ry -6op y j5 ooyt gxkrv,yjxGo9 y ;5 9 y o C ry d5ory ,5'b ry gl 9Gdyr9G'yd5oyr,5b'yrp5jc9t dKoyzK9yj 4
Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
9bdyT Baltic -;yX? ◆ g,kj96'b ry 96o b ry ]K'yr (resources) 95;y d;yjowt ]whm6djy 0dyrcz,C'jy ]5Phy ]wKr 95Pyrokh]Gdytokhpy.j (distrimination) ? dG;yj]5Pyh ]:'yhzCoyj]boy ]whm6dyj p69 b ry ooygt dkh p'yr,urd.K,yrmK,y;kh m6djy ]u oxyl t o : jy xupK;yr-K;yrdwdkhs6;b My Z95;p y K'yjS ,5b'yr9wrowt m6dyj]whoxytl:oyj c9jv;yxKoy 0;yhl5;b -y KoyjakT z:'ry ',yrs<9hy m6'b v y o b Hy fuHp5;b Hy 0G'jy s<'jy ;oyrv:djy S,5'b ry c-j0G'jy 0Koyr;oyr95dry S,5'b ry ]K;yr ;oyr95dry S ,5'b ry mwrx:9ry s<'jy S,5'b ry ,Koyh9'yr,5'b ry / ;Go,ty 'b5 ry -\K'yr 9'yr i-C'yjooytcojM v;y,:dyhvoys;yrsb,y v;y 96dry p:ory v;ypK,yr]G;cy ojMX?
l6oyj]whz:'yr',yr95;yd;yj Zv,yjzK9yjv:dyjX dG;yj]5Pyh,wK,uhd5h06b'yh,5b'yr sxyts<'yr;wT l6ojy ]whz:'ry ',yr95;dy ;yj-:'0 y K;yrd5ory gvj Z,K'yd,yrs<';ty kh l6ojy ]wh9Cxry 99yr95;dy ;yj xwKroyr. Internal Self-DeterminationX ooyt ,oyr,urd.K'yhdwdkhs6;b y p'yrxGo9 y hu mG'gy ,krdoy p5jz:'hy ? gxkrv;yg-khx6boyzK;yjl6oyj]whx6dyh d5;jy d5ory oyr. 0K;yr-5;b ry gvj ;kh]5Phy 05;b -ty ;b5 ry lklok zklk (Declaration of the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities)
voyv:dyj,kr,5b;yh @++# ;kh06b'yS d5h06b'yh ,5b'yr ,urokh9uhx6oyhz:oyr x5b;yh9kjdC9yjccsTd'yh05b;yt-5b;yr ab'yhc'h lklok c]h zklkd.K,yr]K9yh]bdhy ]wKr-:'0 y K;yrd5ory gvj d5Pyrxwjgxkr/ g9]whxoysC'yrp6dyTp:'yh]5r d:oyj? awKj0K;yrd5oyrgvj-;ygdkh g9]wh m6dyj,Coyh0:,yr]dyrm9yr (criterion) l:'y x5b'y? ▲ awKjo6'b hy S05;b -ty ;b5 ry zklk lklokc;y g9]wh,5boydoy (Objective criterion)? ▲ mC'hy awKjo6'b hy -;yg9]wh,ur0yx. o G v y oy o6b'yhvoy]G;ydoyc]h l6bxyjxGoyvoy o6'b hy voy];G dy oy (Subjective criterion)?
l6ojy ]whzK9yjv:djy 9'yrx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr ,url6oyj]whzK9yjv:dyj9C,yh;wToy.rx5b'y ';yhx6'b ry ,5'b ry (constitution) d:oyj/ 0'yjxGoy 9K'yr06'y0y. (inducement) sy>h,ur]6dyh06,yr ,y.j? d5Pyrdkh gxkr95PyrmC'yhawKjo6b'yhl,yt ,5o b 9 y 'yrp:,ry sxy] t ': hy ;Koyh,5'b ry 9Cdjy pwKh/ ,K'y z;yjm6'b 9 y hu p6'hy pK'yh-:ory ;w? p:otyooy gxkrg999yr,dyrly.jxkr l6oyj]whzK9yjv:dyj oy.rx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr06b'y l6bxyjokhS11
INDEPENDENCE
umefrldif;_umefokduf; SNDP n.ubf
]zde k cf mOfbodOl z f uld bf } oyf;vFi;f ole;f wkruf e l ;f rlid ;f
rdOl jf Oef;xd 01_08_10 yMbwDbodOl z f uld bf ([dOk )f yMbwDbWD@r.u@f c'Fw@f wdu@f qmOf;cdOl ;f wB; SNDP nef=OfyOfjqBm;nBmjyOf;? uFr=f Of yOfjqBm;o.ifoDb n.ef=Oferf;eMj ydkeftzj n.ufb ]zdkefcmOfbodlOfzdlufb}/ efg;zdkefcmOfb r.ufbvmwfjoyf;vFif; v.ifjvBjugMbc.wfbz.wfj auMurfumeftqjOAif; v.ifjydkwfbvkrf;zFefyBmh yluf;wkif;yMbwDbtvjwkif;odlOfzdlufb efg;qdkifj wB; rldif;cmif? rdlif;ukwfj oyf;vFif;te umef vdul jf wifj 2010 ? v.ijf xkubf vDcOfjtcUcFibf ? [dOfjqifjeyfUo.efbiOf;vBm;umefvdlufjwifj? oyf;vFi;f v.ijf ule;f uduk ;f rlid ;f ndubf yMbwDbumef rlid ;f qdOl ;f awcOfjtcUcFibf - qdOl ;f eBU/ w.ejf y.ijf ugmrf; ]wB;tvjodOl z f uld bf } OMj qArrf Old jf ymefybl r.ebf eBm;,Mjn.euf ef,rk bf ,rf ckeo f Old z f uld bf uFwbf tct[UuifjyfUg yM; qmOf;cdOl ;f wB; {jv.wfjaz;cAefuljydliftvj {jvBjvD vBjyAef/ efg;ydkef;wB;rdlOfju.efbauMj ckefwB; urfjerf yAeo f mB ide l jf cdOl ;f odOl z f uld bf / qArrf e kd Uf ode k ;f u.ebf n.ew f mif;yDc'dw@f awMbxdik yf mef ndif;uvAwfjqrfcOfjrdlif;eefU cBboFifzef; crf; qdlOf;z.if;irf;zFefbvdefurfjerf nOf qdOk jf oAif ]odOl }f rM; rde l e f ifb odOl cf mefbZMU? odlOfirf;ZMU? odlOf[mefZMU qdlOf;eBU/ y.ijf ugmrf; ][dOjf qifjwlp;f tvj}eefU oyf;vFi;f teOMj-z.i;f ule;f auMUedik jf w.iUf rBj
cOfj,lb auMUedkifj[Awf;uFifjqfgvDqfgOmef +ifU r.ubf xmrfviA Uf cOfj? ,dil ;f nmef;auMU+ifU qmifj rdlefeifbcfgj{jydlefj[efvDedlOfref;? ulOfydlefj toUte;ref; nrfbeef cfjg qfUg oBy. e ld jf / auMU w.irhf jB rD;okebf vBjw.ybf xAiyf mufjyFwjf aowMU u.yfjw.ifUrBjtvj nrfbqmifjoAwfjuMjoAwfj =OfOMj ayM;nrfbrD;edlOfUrledlOfUuBb nrfbudef? auMUvAiUf auMj nrfbvAiUf uMjref;rD;eifbuOfb? =UnOfOUB cOfjvDzuf;OmefwMbref;tvj wMb yDje.ifUref;z.ifj/ ayM;auMUw.ifUrBj vBjudef auMj awndrbf w.iUf qlOjf cmOf;ao qmifjrkijf wlpf;rdlOf;eMjvBj? auMUvAifUauMj aw[mefU qfg-OMjeB/
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rdOl jf Oef;xd 03_08_10 ,mrf;n.eOf ef; zljerf;qefo h ik f yMbwDbelu, hf ik ;f NLD nef n.ifbomef;okusDbn.ef=Of 1U nl;wdefbnl; 2U nl;Ode;f wdebf 3U W.u@f wdOl @f aebOde;f rsdefU 4U nl;eBm;eBm; 5U rcsLOfbcsLOfbwdef; qdOl ;f eBUwif; zljerf;qkr;f nlp;f vDqmOf;cdOl ;f z.rUf =rfj UNA ylbusid Uf ose F ;f xif (nefvuk jf qBm; wif; vmefqBm; wluf;c.ufjOBU) ndufbtrj ulOfbwdefbaqM;n.ifb zljerf;efg;ulef;ekrfb 'cFibf qlOd ;f wlu;f c.ujf OBU 13 auMU ugMb=yfUxly;f ,Arjf qfg;yef[Fif;qfgeMj=def; qOfjckefxkef; nl;? qBm;pkefUvkefb (qBm;ekwf;)? qBm;vMU n.ifb wDj=def;qOfjckefxkef;nl;? uOfjvuf; wMjukifj/ vFifbcmOfbvmwfjOMj- ]qdlOf;cOfc.efj wkrfuef wDj=def;qOfjckefxkef;nl;ao zljerf;qefUokiyf MbwDb NLD qifb,Arjf qf;g =yfUxlyf;yef[Fif;qfg/ nl;Odef;wdefb vmwfj OMj- ulef;wluf;c.ufjumefrldif;eBU rD;Oef;cOfj
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vdul jf wifjrmefjOmif;zFen f MbeMboduk ;f ,de k ;f ,mOf;auMj qmifjrde l cf w k ;f ckrw f Ol uf Ofb Oef;xd 04_08_10 rD;ymifoFrf@rFef@ edOl @f (seminar) oyf;vFif;nkyfbnlOf; uAOfb uyf;=OfacMj ]umefvdlufjwifjrldif;rmefj tvj nM@osFef@} wDjqefUq.ruf iA ;f rBb? zljwliUf edik yf Old jf wMbokebf vBjule;f rdil ;f rmefjtvj zlj yuf;wMumefvuld jf wifj 2010 rdil ;f rmefj cOfj =rfjwif;erf/ nefrmefjteeMjwdOl jf OMj aw v.wjf vFO;f tvjyAex f rf;eefU zljvliUf vFebf cOfxwf;omifOMj wuf;rD;z.ef;vDz.ef;qMU eifbuef/ z.i;f wmifx;B uOfb qBm;ok'zli@f cs@B , emrf@ vmwfjOMj- ]z.ef;ymifj- umefvdlufj 6
Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
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INDEPENDENCE
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qOfjvBr. mOf; nrfbugMbole;f wkrw f yfUqkr;f 1 q.r;f ugmrf;zlju.e;f oduk ;f rmefj Oef;xd 27_07_10 ylefUrM; zlju.ef; wdlif;odkuf; qAifb+ifbOef;n.ufb (vMjoAOfj) q.r[f mefni. bf wmef;xkwUf +ifUvmwfjqdoifb qOfjvB.rmOf; {jugMbolef;wkrfwyfUqkrf; 1 qOfjymifbZMU ,.r;f [yfUvFujf vBmj[Aw;f wyfUyfUg eMjvde_f yDbwkqw d Uf {jvBjvBj/ ulp;f uMjyleUf rM;cmOf;wmif; 7-8 Oef;,OfUauMj ,if;yBb idef;OMj qOfjvB.rmOf;ugMbql; qOfjymifbZMU/ vFibf cmOfbvmwfjOMj- u.yjf qOfjvBr. mOf; wdkef;=UOMj- ugMbolef;wkrfxFifjauMj wdkef; nrfbvBjtvj qifbnrfbugMb/ qOfjymifbZMUauMj ,mrfjvmwfjOBUOMj- ]wBmawMbwAiUf wMb[Aw;f yDbwkqdwfU q.rf;zFef[mifjv.uf;rmefj wdkef; nrfbyAev f jB } / wyfUqkr;f 3 wif;wyfUqkr;f 7 auMj ,if;yBbqmifjykw;f cmwfbwFubf vFi;f OMj awyM;ZBmb qOfjvB.rmOf; qOfjuBmbZMU [dkOf qOfjymifbZMU/ u.yjf OMj,.r;f [yfUvFujf vBmj[Aw;f
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qOfjodOl =f rfbydw k bf vmwfj wmif;[efxikd e f Old uf mefridl ;f -rdil ;f rmefj ndie f Old cf il ;f umef yde k ;f oly;f vmwfjao qOfjodlOf=rfb rldif;y.ef (vkufjqBm;qOfjZMU rlid ;f y.ef qOfjqmrfbxke;f ? nefvjB xkubf ,dOk ;f q.r;f n.ibf omef;rdOl jf Oef;xd 19_07_1947 e.ef;tz; Oef;xd 20) ydkwfbvmwfjte wmif;[efxdkifref;qOfj uAOfbuyf;v.ifjumef vdul jf wifjrmefj? cBjv.ijf yde k ;f wlOrf ef;qOfj/ e.ufjaoeefU cBjtev.ifj ayMjref;qOfj oAifjrkef? qmwfjymefrdlOfjwluf;c.ufj tvj qdqrfjtevBm; qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjy.irf ild ;f zdw;f ydlifj/ ref;qOfjqdqrfjxwf;omifOMj- umef vdlufjwifj 2010 eBU wlpf;ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif; 2008 cOfulpf; nrfbrD;wDjvDnOfaoydlif? [AufjqdkOfjWD@r.uf@ca'@oD@auMj orfUtz wDjeifjyefZBmbodkuf;/ nefqkrf;odkuf;rmefj uBUqdte;OMj- ]uMjylefUrM;,.efUydlOfj ndif; uvAwjf qfUg wdOk ;f ayMbvoDbqFubf tzz.i;f irf; Divide and Rule tvj rdlif;rmefjqifbxlyf; pM;yef[M nrfb,OfUnrfbOBm; awMbrdOl ;f vAO}f eefU ref;qOfjw.yfbtujOMj- ayMbvoDb nefeUB wde k ;f qfUg wdOk ;f rM;qArrf Old jf ymef ckef a[Mcrf;rmefj? n.efwmif;ndif;uvAwfj yBbrM; z.i;f irf;/ ref;qOfjteherf;ule;f rlid ;f qdik jf wB; OMj- {jz.rUf oAiyf iA ;f ymufbuef? ayM;[Of;nrfb
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y.ef? rdlOfjayMjref;qOfj (qOfjqmrfbxkef;) oAijf rken f M,k 12 clybf ? OBm;eefUugMb,lbq.r;f qOfjvkif; qOfjckefcAOf (rdlif;rdwfj) wDj wMjukifj/ vBj[Aef;,OfUZBmbrBmrDj? 1960 ,lb efg;wkrfauMulef;rldif; oefvB.qidk fjwB; Shan State Hill Peoples Congress qOfjZMU wifjOBU/ vBj[yfUvdul jf yAez f jl wFe;f ef;g ozM@ qmOf;cdlOf;ao rdlOfjawcdkef;rlefUtr; ydlifiOfj ydik ;f rdil ;f 1947 vBjcOfjyM; cAebf wFrjf ydil yf ikd ;f tZ@Wa'@vf/ uFrq f r. [f mefwe d bf azb ayM; qdte;OMj- ref;qOfjyAen f u. ;f anM ZBmbrBmrDj rlid ;f wB;eBao vBjxkubf wdpy. ;f ,Awjf c.ujf / OBm; n.ufbc.ufj [Awf;umefwDj UN ao okdyfbugMb [Awf;umef,lboOf; rldif;anM@oa:x@vD@ ,dOl @f [mefUawMbrdOl jf vAO/f ¾
qkr;f okud ;f rmefjyke d z f mOfbOef;vlud jf wifj nefvBmZBmbyuf;wMygfUx.rfbwif;[kdif tvj awyAeyf mifvudl jf wifjy.ujf [Fujf okw;f eg;f +yfj 20 yD eef?h Oef;xd 13_8_10 qkrf; okduf;rmefjykdefzmOfbOMj Oef;vldufjwifj aw yAefOef;xd 7_11_2010 OMjeB/ okdOfb (Media) qkr;f okud ;f rmefj (zke d f cmOfb [li;f y.bB oAix f @D OD@) auMj yke d z f mOfb,ke d f ,efq.rf;/ 8
Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
e.ufjrldif;efg;rldif; n.efuefxwf;omif OMj awyAeyf mifvudl jf wifjnrfbyAex f rf;q.r;f YwM;tvj teeMjwlOd jf ylOd jf wMb{jqkr;f okud ;f rmefjukr;f urfnMbeMbcmOf;,mOf;ulp;f ? u.yjf OMj yldifiOfjykdif;rldif; 2008 nefqkrf;okduf;rmefj n.efcAefbwFrfjeefh wwf;ruf;OMj « ykefj c.iw f jD eifjeg;f ozM; {jyAew f jD eifjZBmbokud ;f / emif;n.ifbomef;okusDb zljerf;yMbwDb
7/11/2010
NLD nefqr k ;f okud ;f rmefjukr;f cifeefUtwU nrfbrD;wkdOfhwmif;vBjcOfj[lrfjymifvldufjwifj/ umefvldufjwifjeBh rD;yMbwDbumefrldif; awcOfjtchcFifb 42 yMbwDb? yMbwDbomifboDj odejf cAOf nefwiA ;f oAibf yAe=f OfyOfj [Fi;f ,fbg ide k ;f erf nmef;[kyjf irfayUoAijf -OMjeB/
(cmOfb AP 13/8/10)
INDEPENDENCE
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auMjqmifjvBjxkufbylwf;x.ef} - OMjeB/ wifjtwb =OfvdlefusL@vBm@eBUrM; yMbwDbusefUzkwfU_omifboDjodefjcAOf USDP ukef[dif; nefqBm;ek (45 yD) n.ef=OfauMj vli;f ole;f wkr[f MoAiq f r. ;f Omefjndil bf ef;g tqj OAif;ukef[dif;? rdlefeifbuAif;crf; OmefjvOf; oBm;cmOf uAi;f vlr;f vBm;urf/ ayM;vdul jf wifjrM; {jw.wfjyefqkrf;cOf ,Mbw.wfjyefwmifb qkr;f ? rD;yMbwDb USDP cOfup l ;f nefOMjvBj y.ifyAef [Awf;twUyAeftwU? wmifbyMbwDb wmifbqkrf;eBU zlbzmOfbnOfulpf;? u.yfjOMj
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qkr;f OMUwif;rlid ;f vM;vBjqfug efwyF ;f wwf;w.ybf xAif v.ijf okud ;f rmefjrdybf nD; OBm;aoqkrf;OMU wif;qkrf;rldif;vM; ugMb =yfUxly;f t,;rse d Uf ,OfU zljn.e=f Ofwif;o.if qkrf; [Awf;ymifukrfxFifjwDj ymifomif; 3-4 Oef;ao z.rUf uefwul ;f vli;f wFy;f wwf;acMj vAOo f iA v f OA Of Mj nrfb,.r;f [yfU[Aw;f q.r;f nef qkr;f okud ;f rmefj qfUg Omif;clid jf / qfUg [Aw;f wyfUyfUg vFev f e d e f efU qfUg ugmrf;vDumg rf;OmefymufjyFwjf w.yfbvdufjolifbugMbwDjt,;rsdefU / zlju.e;f wyfUqkr;f OMUauMUekid jf vmwfj OMj- ]acMjwku;f ,.e;f nef[Of;wmifbOBU orfU nrfb[yfU ymufjyFwfjoAifjao nefcOfwkuf; ,.e;f orfU{j[Aw;f q.r;f ? orfUqfUg Omif;clid jf eBU twU nrfbyAev f jB / [Of;aw,lbugMb yAeq f rk ;f irf;,Aecf e dk ;f yuf;uOfbylid uf Ofbao ayM;vliyf i. f qkid jf rfbg cke d jf rM; qifbu.jB vmwfjxFijf / nefeUB yAeaf cMjw.ybf wmif;o.iq f rk ;f ,OfU}-OMjeB/ xFijf v.ijf ekid jf qkr;f qOfjymifbZMU wyfU qkrf; (1) Omefj[B;auMjawMjeifbeef uMj nrfb,.rf;Omif;cldifjnrfbql;aw qwf;umef
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ref;yleUf ,OfU? rD;wMbOmif;cdil jf ydil v f OA ?f vmwfj vBmvBmy.ufjauMj u.yfjnrfb[Awf;q.rf; (2) ayM;Omif;cdlifjyAefulef;rldif;,OfU rD;okefbvBj [Awf;umefuMUcBmrmufjrD;wArfxlefj? cfgjwifj c.r@f yeD@oifauMjvBj/ (3)yleUf Oef;xd 01_ 09_10 nrfb[Aw;f q.r;f qdik f OBm;vdul jf wifj,OfU wuf;,Aef;yAefqkrf;e.ufjrBmrDjugMburf;vAOf? olawpM;udef wluf;udef;vdlOf[Fif;- OMjeB/ OBm;qkr;f OMUymifomif; wif;qkr;f rlid ;f vM; =yfUnkybf rmefj Oef;xd 20_08_10 ? Oef;xd 21_08_10 zljerf;wif; 2 qkrf; =rfjuef [Awf;ymifukrfwDjymifomif; 4 Oef;? Oef;xd 24_08_10 z.rfUuefwluf;vlif;wFyf;wwf; acMjvAOo f iA v f OA Of Mj nrfb,.r;f [yfU[Aw;f q.r;f nefqrk ;f okud ;f rmefjqfUg Omif;clid jf / w.ybf vdujf ugMbwDjt,;rse d Uf {jvBj,lbugMbrle d uf Ofbylid uf Ofb awMbvliyf i. q f idk jf rfbg rD;rM;/ twbeefUrM; qkr;f OMU-rldif;vM; cFef;xFrf[Fif;ZmifUumefodkuf; vdOl uf OfbuljwFO;f eMj/ 他
Shan Herald Agency for News
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okud ;f ,mif; KNU rlu;f ,kOd ;f okud ;f rmefjwBm_rmwfb 22 Oef;xd 4_8_10 wyfo h udk ;f [lrjf wkrq f Odl hf qmwfj,mif;zldufb (KNU) wyfhu.if 22 egf; wyfhqkrf; 7 nefqOfj[mef VD@tch n.ef=Of ygUf rlu;f ,kOd ;f okud ;f rmefj wyfh cv, 62 nef qOfjokduf;xkef;ar;cdefb n.ef[lOf wDj[drf; OmefjqdzlOf;cD; awMbeMjOmefjxD;elOf;clOfh wlifbOAif; wMjo.if,mif; aqjw.efjwmufb
rlid ;f xB;? yAez f i. ;f okud ;f rmefjwkud Uf cBmUwyfh vkuhf wmif;Omefje.ifrlOf ugMbwmif;OmefjOM@tv@ okud ;f rmefjwBmxifwjD 8 auMU rmwfbqAy;f 14 auMU / vFibf cmOfbvmwfjOMj - ZBmbokud ;f ,mif; zdul bf nOfrmufbcD;rlO@f 2 vkujf ZifOe hB Odl o f e A jf wmif; ayM;okduf;rmefj,AyfbogfbauMj nOfu.ifj
wif; rmufbarMbxMb 60 MM zku;f ,kOd ;f ogbf xFifj? egf;qlOfjyD 2010 y.ufjeBh okduf;,mif; zldufb rluf;,kdOf;okduf;rmefjwBmerfokwf;OMjeB/
(www.angkokbiznews.com)
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yAeyf M;qOfjc.icf r. @f yeD@oFif clOv f il v f ad oM; ymef;ao; (Kholong Lisu Gems Co.Ltd) -OMjeB/ emif;,dif;qmOf;vdaoM; auMUekdifj vmwfjOMj- ]ymef;ao;ausMbrsdefU ylifugmrf; oifbOBUOMj qldOf;yAefvdaoM; awvBjcOfj yMbwDbusefUzkwfU USDP}-OMjeB/ e.ujf aoeefh awwFibf wifj qBm;xke;f r.ifb ([kdOf) qBm;crf;n.efb (zlj+ifUugmrf;wB; ,mrfjrD;qdkOfjoAif yDjnBmjar; ausMbxlpf;
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INDEPENDENCE
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Shan Herald Agency for News
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yMbwDbomifboDj nrfbxmrfzgf nOfqOdk jf wB;OAi;f zMumefUymufbyBmyAev f uk jf qkr;f cOfj=rfj}-OMjeB/ qBm;ekrfb qrfqfgodlOfzdlufb auMUekdifj d Uf ausMb (wB;oM) eBU eifb vmwfjOMj- nl;rse [kOd yf MbwDbolOd z f udl bf awnrfbydw k bf vkr;f vBjeg;f tqjOAif;zMumefUeefU qfgUvBm;wrfba,Mj_ qfgulwfU yAefzlj[uf;vifqldOfUcldOf; -OMjeB/
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Photo : SNDP Newspaper
emif;,di;f ef;g yke d Uf wDjauMUekid jf vmwfj OMj-]zlj[yfUykejf z.e;f ZBmbole;f wkryf MbwDb usefUzkwfU qBm;rsdefUausMb nrfbxmrfumifqfg zfg nOfwB;OAif;zMumefU qldOf;nMb,k 18 ckdefjeldOf 100 yBm cOfjyAefulef;yMbwDbcOf}OMjeB/ umifve dl uf sKef@ z.i;f vlif nl;wAi;f aqMb qefUzljerf; usefUzkwfU_yMbwDbomifboDj (USDP) ugMbolef;wkrfulef;rldif; tqjOAif; zMumefU rlid ;f cmif/ nl;rse d Uf ausMb ugMbnOfeMj nOfwMao vmwfjOMj- eifb[kdOfyMbwDbwB; oldOfzldufbawnrfbyuf;vBj efg;OAif;zMumefU eefU uOfcMj[yfUykejf z.e;f - r.ubf vmwfjyef ugmrf;refjOBUeifbeB/ auMUcgjf cOfjyMbwDbolOd z f udl bf nrfbvBjcOfj orfUvBjxkubf nOfcOfjyAev f uk jf qkr;f usez hf w k hf auMUekid jf vmwfjOMj-]rlOd jf [mifve dl uf sL@vBm@ +ifUwB;ef;g OAi;f omyfbOAi;f ymifurk uf ef wDjvkr;f auMvdufjvBm;ZdifjtijwB;zMumefU 3 y.ufj/ u.yfjyldefj=UuAwf;ref;tvj zfgauMjnrfbugMb
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oduk ;f rmefjuefUqefemif;,di;f tvj okud ;f wB;yfUg ,dOk ;f okud ;f rmefjwBmrmwfberf Oef;xd 10_07_10 wyfUoduk ;f qdik jf wB; SSA qkrf;vB.wB;vFif; r.ufj 2 xFOf yfgUrluf; ,kdOf;odkuf;rmefjwyfU cr, 569 [Fif;okduf; 30 auMU (nefyuf;wyfUwDjukif;rlifj uAif; w.i;f )? [dr;f wmif;tzvBn . mB b-erfUqmif? Omefj e.i-f uki;f rlijf -uAi;f w.i;f (qAibf +ifbOef;n.ubf OAi;f rlid ;f eBm;)/ okud ;f rmefjwBmxifwjD 6 auMU? olifbulef;OmwfbqAyf;ugMb =if;,MuAif;w.if; 8 auMU =if;,Mrlid ;f eBm; 5 auMU? ugMbwBmwDj=if;,M 12 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
5 auMU? nrfbwdlOfUrmwfboifukdwf; 6 auMU? ZBmb SSA vBju.ijf erfOUB - OMjeB/ n.efeMjeBU rldOfjOef;xd 07_08_10 okduf;rmefjwyfU cr, 569 ugMbvlvBmuefU qefemif;,dif; nMb,k 17 yD? ,lbOmefju.if; ,mOf; auMUekdifj Oef;xd 08_08_10 ulef; OmefjugMbwmifbvmwfj SSA / okduf;wB; qifb q.yfbcmOfbvDimrf;ao [mifj[Fef;ugMbyfgUwmif; okduf;rmefj-OMjeB/
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INDEPENDENCE
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wB;vD[w A ;f ymifcuk ;f xly;f qOfjodOl cf mefbZMU c.yjf 700 yD zljvAyfj[Aef;qOfjedkifj yefwmif;[ef xdik Of Mj- ]wB;auMjvD[Awf;ymifyB.;,kufU,.ifj nliOf;zlj uwfUcFefb[Of;? yDc'dwfU 1311 qOfjodOl cf mefbZMU cde k jf yAeq f Ofjq.rrf idl ;f rmOf;? yAefauMUtwbwifja[MoFifwB;? u.yfjeB yD 2011 awc.yjf clybf 700 yDwrA tf vj xkubf vBj vdlufjOef; [Awf;ymifckuf;xlyf;? rdlOfjvAOf ayM; yAeyf e dk ;f yde l jf rmefjnOf[mB vBmwdu;f wdu;f ? ayM; yAefc.ifrmefjcOforfU ,kufU,.ifjwduf;wduf;? ayM;nrfbcfgjulrfj,.rf;awMbrmefjauMj rmefj [Awf;vBj [Of;auMj[Awf;vBj}-OMjeB/ Oef;xd 15_10_10 (vdlef 12 rlef;) qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjaw[Aw;f yB;. cku;f xly;f ,kuUf ,.ijf OAif;a[Mcrf;w.ifbilb (w.if=b) c.yfjclyfb 500
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rlid ;f =rfjwkrn f rfbwFubf ,Bmj/ u.yjf cOf,uk Uf ,.ijf ulef;cOfulpf; nrfb,kufU,.ifjulef;[Of;tvj ydOl jf wMbv.ijf z.rUf =rfj{j[Of;,lb=rfjq.r;f cOfeUB ref;,myfb} - zljvAyjf [Ae;f odyk bf qdqrfjte eifbeB/ n.ew f mif; w.iif bl ,mrfj,lbwfjg nMbOMU z.i;f irf;ao yDc'dwUf 1510 n.u@f xlO@f VdOl @f 16 Oef; (rFejf Oef;vde l f 12 rle;f ) rde;f usbD plObf yde k z f mOfbzmwfbn.ubf nMbOMU twbwifj rlid ;f a[Mcrf;[if;ulp;f / OBm;eefU rD;rM;a[Mcrf; rmefj wydebf olpbf xD;? odyk bf rM;y,debf e.ibf (auMUyAeyf jD clpf wydebf olpbf xD;) cde k jf eifj [mifja[M twbwifja[MoFifrmefjxdo.if/ 他
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Photo : SHAN
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14 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
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Shan Herald Agency for News
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sK'yhxoyh l5b;y-KoyjakT 16 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
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0;yh'kr-,yr Shan Herald Agency for News
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9kp o6'yhd5oy-k]G;y/ p:oyt-;yv:dyj,kroy.r s^'yjd5oy-k]G;y? c9jlwK9K'yrx:9ry dK'y v;ydK9yjg]kT m6b'y95oyh9uh s^;yx5'yr ,5b'yrx:oy ]w:]C,y o,ty0K'y d6oysb'yr 95'yh9khlCoy,:'yr,5b'yrxG'yr dG'yr96'y m6b'y 9kh-uh]Gdyr/ lwK9y.ho,yt0K'y ,5b'yrowKr ,:dyj,wj ]K'yr-5b;yr ,5b'yrxoyj m6b'yx6'yj
18 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
xkj-C,y 0;yh,6o9 y rw v,yjl5h,ur0:,ry ;9y?t ]bdhy gdkh,ur]bdyh,Koyhd5Pyr/ v,yjgxkrsoy]bdyh 9wr/ d5oy0wKr9wrgdkh v,yjsoyd5oyl:'y-k? xGoyd5oyoK'yrpb'yrmwr-;yo6'yh? o'yhd,y, mKoy9;5 hy 0:9jy ,5'b ry mwrd.kjlG'hy ? 9kp -;y gdkh o6'hy d5o-y k]G;,y 9 5 ry ? z6o b -y K;yjd:ory gck 9wrgdkh ,uroy.rdG'yr,wj06b'yhmwrd5Pyr/ dwj;Koyh -oy sGoyl,yt'w:r/ dwjm5boyj-oy ,5b'yrv,yj]C'yr/ ]5o b ] y 'C ry 9k-;yd'. cy ]h-oydP 5 ry ? dwjm5o b jy d\kTokjc]h 0K'y9 t Kw ]wK]wK? v,yj,urz:ory ]u dwj;Koyhl'y? d6b9yrdwjm5boyj -6boyrly. p'yr 96bdyT-oyp5j? z5b;yj9kT-;y-oy p5joy.rm5boyj ooyt z:,ytdoydGxyr,Kdyj,wT,5b;yr]G'yt dwj;Koyh 9kTg9,urz:oyr]u? c-jv6o b ,y Koyh ,Koyhv6o b 9 y rw / mwrv6o b y p5oyr/ ,5b'yrd5oyrvkrlC\oyt0G'yj0Koyr ;oyr v:dyjowTxGoyow? ]w h -K;y j ,skik0b o y m,y , 0ib p xp5dyjd;yh d6'yrmGxyh/ 0;yhvboyr9kr ;9yt xkjx;yhdG'ry ,wj -;ydoyst 9 G ry v:djy 95;xy k]b9rw ,y.j sy>hm6b'yxb9dK9yhlK,yd:'y? 0;yhx5jmur l,ytsxytv:dyj'6boyr xoy-k;khow? d;ygl]wK '6boyrd5Pyr? g9sG9yrxoyzy.v,yjs^Tp;yt? vwKhskr -G;y-,yr0;yh,gskj ;G'yrxK'yjly.]C'yr vkp6 +Q -;yh,krluj]5o b y g9d.kj0:,ry 9kp?
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INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yr9C9hy ]K9yh,5o b Sy 9C,hy zy,. oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9hy 9wr Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival ;oyrmb #+ d\3H]wKHd5hxuowt 9K'yrmwr,dyr,wK;wt;kh xGoy;oyrzklkd.K,yr]K9yh]bdyh]wKrmwr? ,oyrvb'y]5Pyh 0;yhgsk-,yr z5H,bz5oyH vf6]pfG9jy ]wh,:dyj]K9yhx5'yd.K,yr9uh0oyt0:,yd\4]kH]5'yHd:oyH ,5b;yh #+T)T(# oy.rs^;yg-kh JxoyskdKoy0y.Td.K,yrmwr" ? ,oyr0;yh0b0,yhcoto,yr;kh o'yjs6b;yd.K,yr]K9yh]bdyh]wKrmwr gxkr0K'yhp5jp6boyrpK;yrd.kjooyt m6dyj]whsG9yr0:,yrxdyrx5b'y $ gckh? â&#x2014;&#x2020; â&#x2014;&#x2020; â&#x2014;&#x2020;
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vb'yrd]G9yh Contain Contempt Contented Contest Contestent Context Contraband Contraceptive Contract Control
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lboy E -5;yrd6oyj xGoymw:hd.K,yrd;yj9wr ,uroy.rvzbmKoy -5Hlb\'yH (Cushing)
Shan Herald Agency for News
19
L rBhvDrD;a,jwlefj/ elufhrlefjrdkefboFefwlOf When there is one shady tree There live happily a hundred thousand birds
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d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh To give life but to claim nothing To do your work but to set no store by it To be a leader, not a butcher This is called hidden virtue Tao Te Ching, Chapter 51, Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher
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20 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
INDEPENDENCE
a7;vmwJhay;pm wmcsv D w d -f r,fqikd w f w H m;u tusiyhf su0f efxrf;rsm; wmcsDvdwf-r,fqdkif trSwf(1)cspf=unfa&;wHwm;rSm wpfydkifwpfEdkifvkyfudkifpm;aomufwJh usaemfwdk@&J@qdkifu,fawG/ vSnf;awGudk e,fpyfwHwm;wm0efus0efxrf;awG twif;t=uyf ydwfyifwm;qD;cJhayr,fh vdkifpifrJhum;awG o,faqmifwmawGus awmhyw d yf ifwm;qD;jcif;rðyyJ aiGa=u;& ,l+yD;rodcsiaf ,mifaqmif aecJh=uygw,f? +yD;cJhwJh *sLvdkifvxJuqdk&if 0x}uD;qDzkef;qufwdkifvdk@ rwfwl;um;wpfpD; eJ@ CRV um;wpfpD;zrf;qD;+yD; 2 ywfavmuf em;cJah yr,fv h nf; 29/30-7-2010 &ufae@up+yD;wpfae@udv k ikd pf if rJhum;awG 5 pD;-15 pD;txd0ifae=uygw,f? tJ'v D ykd aJG wmfwr# pnfum;vSwv hJ ikd pf ifru hJ m;awG ae@pOf bma=umif0h ifv@kd &wmvJ odcsiw f meJ@um;yGpJ m;udk ar;=unfah wmh tm%mydik jf zpfwhJ ppfAsL[mr–; udk um;wpfp;D xdik ;f bwfaiG 10˜000 ®r@e,f&JwyfzJG@r–;udk bwfaiG 2˜000 / wHwm;wm0efus &Jtkyf oufaZmfudk bwf 2˜000 ay;=u&w,f? CIT, SB , ppp eJ@p&z awGukd bwfaiG(1˜500)pDe@J pnfyif/bD;cGe/f une/ tmrcHe@J t0kid ;f rSmwm0efuswhJ ,mOfxed ;f &JawGukd bwfaiG 1˜000 pD ay;xm;wm rdk@0ifvdk@&wmvdk@ od&ygw,f? tJ'Dvdkrormr_vkyfaewm awGusawmhb,folrSrwm; qD;&J=uygb;l / usaemfw@kd r±Sq d if;&Jom;awGuu kd s tckvw kd m;qD;wm [m bmoabmvJ? 'gudktxufvl}uD;awGodapcsifvdk@ tckvdk wifjy&jcif; jzpfygw,f? wmcsDvdwfrS ulvDxrf;orm;wpfOD;
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or*~tzG@J }uD;qdw k mbmawGvyk af eovJ/ bmawGun l ED ikd rf vJar; ay;=uyg? 'DvdkjzpfysufaewmEdkifiHwumppfcHk±Hk;rwifEdkif=uao; bl;vm;/ Edk0bFmv(7) &ufrwdkifrSD urBmhw&m;±Hk;odk@wifay;=uap vdkygonf? Armjynfu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfqdkwmvJ tjyif avmua&muf±Sdae=uwJhvlawG(axmifus aeolrsm;ryg) [mw csed u f wyfrawmfom;awGr@kd r,H=k unf&avmufwt hJ qihaf &mufae yg+yD? atmfae ---vnfaewmavmufyJvkyfjyaewmrdk@ jynfol vlxktm;udk;vdk@ r&wJhtqihf a&mufaeyg+yD? Adkvcf sKyfatmifqef; vrf;pOfvdkufw,fqdk&ifAdkvfcsKyfajymcJhovdk “&&if&/ r&&ifcs” qdk wJhpdwf"gwfarG;olr±Sdawmhbl;vm;? 1990 u axmufcHay;cJhrJwJh rsufESmudkawmif raxmuf=uawmhbl;Asm? ol@udk,fol raoaq;pm;xm;olwpfa,mufvdk aoG;em; xifa&mufaewJh etzoef;a±$ukdb,ft&mwnf+rJovJqdkwm odoGm;atmif urBmu0dkif;0ef;ulnDvkyfay;=uapvdkygonf? ppfxufEdkif (wifjyonf)
b,ft&m wnf+rJrvJ qifjzLr±Sif etz wd@k yke;f atmif;&m =uyfajy;aejynfawmf jyefuajy;aus;±Gmtkypf /k wJuek ;f aus;±Gm tdraf jc (190) ausmt f m; etztrdef@t& ±GmvHk;u|wfa±$@ajymif;cdkif;ojzifh aus;vufvlxk tzdk@rdrdwdk@tpOftqufaevmcJhaom tdrfae&mrsm;oHa,mZOf jzpf&onfuwpfa=umif; / b,fae&modk@ ajymif;&rSef;rodonfu wpfa=umif;wd@k a=umihf ra±$@ajymif;bJaevmcJo h nf? 13/ 8 / 2010 &uf aejynfawmfpnfyif0efxrf;rsm;ESifh &Jwyfz@JG rsm;u 'kwrf sm;jzihf vlxk}uD;tm;0ifa&muf±dkufESufjcif;/ "g;rsm;jzihf tdrfrsm;ckwfxpf zsuq f ;D jcif;ðyvkyaf eojzihf urBmysuo f vdjk zpfaeonf? pm;p&m r±S/d aep&mr±Sdj zpfae=uonfhaus;vuf& yf± Gmvl x kt ay:etz. vlom;rqefpGmrdkuf±dkif;aer_tay:urBmukdodapvdkygonf? ukv 22 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
tm%mEGeH pf/ qGJE+wfypf tm%m±SiftrSeftppf tm%m&ruft&if;tjrpf tm%mEGHwGif;eufeufepf tm%mudkusm;ukwfusm;cJywf&pf pnf;urf;±S'd rD v kd @kd atmf[pf vGwfvyfr#wwef;wl&J@ tzktxpf 0dik ;f 0ef;qef@usizf ,f±mS ;ypf rif;qdk;rif;npf=uufajccwfypf
INDEPENDENCE
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typf&yf SSA em,u AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@ ppfawGaxmifydk@ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f crW;D axmifrS axmifajymif;vmaom typf&yf SSA em,u AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@tm; &efukeftif;pdefaxmifwGifr xm;bJ &cdik jf ynfppfawGo@kd qufwu kd af jymif;a±G@a=umif; pHpk rf;od±dS &ygonf? “ppfawGaxmifudk wu,fydk@vdkuf+yD/ rdom;pk0ifawG wa,muf r S rawG @ vd k u f & bl ; / 7/8/2010 nu usrwd k @ rE Wav;uae&efukefudk nwGif;csif;vdkufvmw,f/ 8/8/2010 ae@rS m axmif 0 if p moG m ;awG @ zd k @ awmif ; awmh r ±S d a wmh b l ; / ppfawGudkajymif;vdkuf+yDvdk@ axmiftm %mydkifawGuajymw,f” - [k orD;jzpfol eef;crf;ayg0f;uajymyg onf? *sLvdik f 31 o#r;f jynfwyfrawmf (typf&yfwyfz@JG ) em,u AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@tm;crWD;axmifrS rE Wav;tdk;bdkaxmifodk@pwif
tay:,ckuJhodk@etzvkyfaqmifjcif;onf AdkvfcsKyfyefzStm;pdwf "gwfydkif;qdkif&mESdyfuGyfr_wckjzpfa=umif;/ 1984 uuG,fvGefonfh wyfr[m 1 rª;a[mif;p0faqEGH (AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@a,mufz ref; vif;(ef;)apmfbGm;om;). udk,fa&;t&m±Sdjzpfa=umif;/ AdkvfcsKyf aqxJef@tm; AdkvfcsKyfyefzS b}uD;t&if;uJhodk@av;pm;a=umif; ajymqdkoHk;oyf.? xkd@twl atatyDyDEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifh a±Smufa&;toif;( jrefrmEkid if )H wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;r–; ukb d =dk unfu “ AkdvfcsKyfaqxJef@vkd 0g&ifhwkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif wpf a,muftouft±G,f}uD;&ifh+yD; a&m*ga0'emawGcHpm;ae&wJhol wpfa,mufuadk q;0g;ukor_ray;wJt h jyif a0;vHwhJ axmiftqifh qihfajymif;+yD; rdom;pkukdygpdwf'kuQay;wmrvkyfoifhwJhvkyf&yfyg? trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;ttwGuf b,fvkdOD;wnfcsufrS r±Sdbl;qkdwmjyoaewmbJ” [k =o*wfpf 12 &uf &ufpGJyg owif; xkwfjyefa=ujimcsufESifhwuG azmfjyonf? o#rf;oHawmfqifh 09 08 2010
rvGwfvyfq;Hk ajymif;a±$@cJh.? =o*wfpf 5 &ufae@ txdcsKyfaESmifxm;+yD; &efukef tif;pdefaxmifodk@ykd@aqmifajymif;a±$@.? xdkrSwqifh 7/8/2010 paeae@u &cdik jf ynfppfawGo@kd yd@k aqmifvu kd af =umif; od&onf[k qdk.? “&efukefa&muf+yDvdk@=um;&awmh tazhusef;rma&;t wGuf aq;aumif;aumif;ppfaq;uko cGi&hf awmhr,fv@kd xifcw hJ m/ tckawmh usrwdk@ar#mfvifhcsufu oJxJa&oGefovdk jzpfoGm;+yD?” “usrwdk@vli,fawmifrS c&D;qufwdkufxGuf&ift&rf; yifyef;w,f? tcktouf 70 ausmfwJhtaz b,favmufyifyef; rSmvJ? wywfv;kH vH;k tazhaemufvu kd af ewm rawG@&awmht&rf; tm;i,fw,f? ppfawGaxmifuakd jymif;w,f? usrwd@k wcgrrS oGm; zl;bl;”- [k qufIajym.? toGifajymif;a&;vufrcHonfh typf&yf SSA wyfr[m 1 acgif;aqmifAdkvfcsKyfyefzSESifh&if;ESD;olwOD;u-AdkvfcsKyfaqxJef@
tar&dueftajcpku d v f w G v f yfa&;a*[m Freedom House tzG@J }uD;. 2009 tpD&ifcpH mukd 2010 Zefe0g&D 12 &ufuxkwjf yef vku d &f mtqk;d wumhtqk;d qk;H pm&if;xJ jrefrmEkid if q H ufvufyg0if aeonf? urBmhtqkd;qkH; (9) EkdifiHESifh e,fajr (1) ckrSm (1) ajrmufukd;&D;,m;EkdifiH (2) wyfcfrifepPwef (3) OZbufupPwef (4) vpfAsm; (5) ql'ef (6) jrefrm (7) tDauGwkd;&D;&,f*DeD (8) tD&Dx&D;,m; (9) qkdrm;vD;,m; (10) wdbuf (w±kwfukdvkdeD) wkd@tpOftvkdufjzpf=uonf?
Shan Herald Agency for News
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OD;0if;wif “13 a,mufyg NLD acgif;aqmiftzGJ@tusOf;usaewJh wdik ;f &if;om; acgi;f aqmifawG&@J rdom;pkawGukd OD;cGex f eG ;f OD;&J@tdrrf mS awG@qHktm;ay;pum;ajymw,f” SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfOD;pdkif; vdwf uajymygonf? =o*wfpf 3 &ufreufydkif;Y NLD OuUX OD;wifOD;/ acgif; aqmifydkif;jzpfol OD;0if;wif/ a'gufwmae0if;jrifh/ OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ rcsKdcsKd oif;wd@k u OD;cGex f eG ;f OD;/ OD;pdik ;f !Ge@f vGi/f OD;pdik ;f vSatmif wd@k rdom;pk tjyif ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGefu&ufOuUX OD;ylusifh±Sif;xef (om;eJ@wl tusO;f usae)/ &cdik v f il ,facgi;f aqmif udw k ifapmatmif. rdcifw@kd ESifhawG@qHktm;ay; pum;ajymcJhonf[k qdk.?
Cf-SSA OuUX
OD;0if;wifu “a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0ifNLD ygwD onf w&m;0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf&yfwnfpOfrSpI ,ae@xdwkdif; &if;om;rsm;tm;rjypfy,fa=umif;/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf jynf axmifpkppfppfrljzpfonfh wef;wlnDcGifhESifh ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh±Sd& rnfjzpfa=umif;/ NLD w&m;0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDrjzpfawmhaomfvnf; wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;rjypfy,fa=umif;” ajymqdo k mG ;onf[q k . kd ? “OD;0if;wifw@dk OD;wifO;D wk@d vma&mufawG@qkH tm;ay;wm 0rf;omw,f? aumif;rGefwJh r*Fvmwyg; jzpfw,f? OD;0if;wifu ajymoGm;w,f- EkdifiHa&;orm;qkdwm axmif0ifwJhae@±Sdovkd axmifxGufwJhae@±Sdw,f? aumif;rGefwJh,kH=unfcsufa=umifh axmifusoGm;wJhol&J@ usef±Sdrdom;pkrsm;[mvJ ylaqG;aomu a&mufaer,ft h pm; *k%, f w l wf&r,f? aeaumif;use;f rmatmif ae&r,f? 'grS rdrdwkd@&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif atmifjrifpGmav#muf vSrf;EkdifrSmjzpfw,f? qkdwJh[mukdvufcHw,f?” wkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkppfppfrljzpfonfh ‘wef;wlnDcGifheJ@ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh±Sd&r,f’ qkdonfh OD;0if;wif. tm;ay;pum;tay: OD;pdkif;vdwfu “usaemfw@kd tvkyt f r_aqmifawGtaeeJ@ OD;0if;wif&@J cH,l csufawGudk=um;od&wJhtwGuf0rf;om&w,f? tckvkd wkdif;&if; om;awGawG@qkrH r_ sK;d ±So d ifw h ,fv@dk vJ ,k=H unfw,f? wkid ;f &if;om; Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG tiftm;csi;f zvS,w f mjzpfwt hJ wGuf aumif;rGef wJv h yk &f yfv@dk jrifygw,f” o#rf;oHawmfqifh 04/08/2010
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wdkif;rª;!Gef=um; etz. jynfol@ppfzGJ@pnf;a&; vufcHxm;onfh typf&yf o#r;f jynfwyfrawmf (ajrmufyikd ;f ) OuUXOD;vG,af rmif;tm; toGif ajymif;a&;vufrcHaom wyfr[m 1 XmecsKyfodk@&ufowWESpfywf twGif;oGm;a&muf pnf;±Hk;odrf;oGif;&ef &rcwdkif;r–;u *sLvdkif 27 &ufu !¸ef=um;xm;a=umif; pHkprf;od&onf? 24 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
jynfo@l ppfz@JG pnf;a&;jiif;qefaeaom wyfr[m 1 r–;Adv k f csKyfyefzt S m;vufcv H monftxd r&raepnf;±H;k &ef OD;vG,af rmif; tm; wdkif;r–;AdkvfcsKyfatmifoef;xGËfu vm;±d_;®r@ (&rc) ppfwdkif; ±Hk;odk@ac:,lajym=um;jcif;jzpfa=umif; ‚if;tzGJ@ESifheD;pyfolwOD;u o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymonf?
INDEPENDENCE
OD;vG,farmif; ESifh OD;udkifzS xdkodk@ !¸ef=um;xm;onfhwdkifatmif OD;vG,farmif;tae jzifh wyfr[m 1 XmecsKyf±&Sd m 0rf[ h ikd ;f pcef;od@k ,ae@txd xGucf mG jcif; r±dSao;a=umif; od&onf? “wyfr[m 1 udk OD;vG,farmif; ESpfywftwGif;oGm;&r,f OD;yefzSudk r&rcsif; pnf;±Hk;&r,fqdk+yD;!¸ef=um;xm;w,f? 'Dae@
txdawmhroGm;ao;bl;/ ol@taeeJ@oGm;pnf;±Hk;vJ r&EdkifrSef;od vdk@roGm;wmjzpfr,f/ OD;yefzSuvnf; ao&ifaoygapawmh etz cdik ;f wJh jynfo@l ppfawmhrvkyEf ikd b f ;l vd@k ajymxm;+yD;+yDy”J - [k eD;pyf oluqdo k nf? ,cifuvnf; OD;yefzStm; vm;±_d;®r@odk@ ac:,l&efudpP OD;vG,farmif;tm; wdkif;rª; t}udrf}udrfajym=um;cJhaomfvnf; ,ae@txd raqmif±GufEdkifonfh tay:,ckuJhodk@ &ufowfrSwf !¸ef=um;jcif; jzpfzG,f±dSa=umif; oluqufajymonf? ,ckESpf{+yDvukefydkif;u jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;zGJ@pnf; a&;tqdu k kd OD;vG,af rmif;tygt0ifvufatmufcw H yfr[m 7 ESihf 3 wdk@u vufcHcJh+yD; tiftm;tawmifhwif;qHk; wyfr[m 1 u jiif;qefcJhonf? ,if;tqdu k jkd iif;qefaeonfh aus;oD;®r@e,f0rf[ h ikd ;f pcef; tajcpdu k w f yfr[m 1 wyfz@JG wGif vufeufuikd f tiftm; 4 axmif ausmf±dSa=umif; od&onf? o#rf;oHawmfqifh 05/08/2010
o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;wGif usm;jzLygwDvlóudufrsm; o#rf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif usm;jzLygwD[kemrnfwGif aom o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (SNDP) vlóuduf rsm; a&yef;pm;vsuf±Sda=umif; od&onf? “'DrmS awmh vlwikd ;f vdv k u kd usm;jzL/ usm;jzLyJ ajymae=u w,f?'guvnf;vlxu k tpd;k &tay:awmfawmf+iD;aiG@ae=u+yDav? rJxnfrh ,fq&kd ifvnf;tJ'yD gwu D ykd rJ x J nf=h uzd@k rsm;w,f”[kvm;±d;_ ukeo f nf wOD;u ajymonf? SNDP onf o#rf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;Y rlp,f/ erfhcrf;/ vm;±d;_ / oDayg/ ausmufrJ ponfh ®r@}uD;rsm;wGif ±H;k cGrJ sm;zGiv hf pS cf +hJ yD; tcsKd@wGifom±Hk;cGJzGifh&efusef±Sdawmha=umif; SNDP .A[dktvkyf tr_aqmifwOD;u ajymonf? ®r@aygif; 40 ausmfwGif ±Hk;cGJrsm;xyfrHzGifhvSpfoGm;&efpDpOf aea=umif;/ ucsifjynfwGif 6 ®r@e,fESifhppfudkif;wdkif;atmufydkif; ®r@e,ftcsK@d yg0ifa=umif;tqdyk gA[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifuqufajym onf? o#rf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; SNDP pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u “jynfov l x l u k awmhusaemfw@kd bufrmS ±Syd gw,f?'gayr,fah =umuf ae=uao;w,f?2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'twGi;f uae ,SO®f yif oGm;zd@k ±Syd gw,f?tJ'aD bmifuaeausmrf mS r[kwyf gb;l ” [k{&m0wD od@k ajymonf? SNDP OuUX OD;pdi k ;f tdu k af ygi;f onf o#r;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Drdka&pDtzGJ@csKyf SNLD . taxGaxG twGif;a&;rª;a[mif;jzpf+yD;
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&efukef awmifOuUvmy SNDP ±Hk;csKyf pmrsuEf mS 27 ok‹d Shan Herald Agency for News
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Photo : Harn (SHAN)
rdkif;vm; ESifh 0 wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmif p&zt&m±SdcsKyf 'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&JjrifhESifhawG@qHk+yD;aemufydkif; yefqef;Ytpnf;ta0; xkdifcJh=u+yD; abmf'g*wfvkyfa&;/ vufeufcsa&;etz +cdrf;ajcmuf zdtm;ay;r_vufrcHEkdifa=umif;qHk;jzwfum nifomjyef=um;cJh a=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf?
0 acgif;aqmifydkif; ESifh rdkif;vm; OuUX p0fpdkif;vif; “usaemfwdk@ ESpfzGJ@acgif;aqmifawG 3-4 &uf aqG;aEG;+yD; =o*wfpfv 24 &ufae@vnfykdif; qkH;jzwfcsufcs=uw,f/ naeykdif; rSm etzxH ta=umif;jyefvkduf+yD? +idrf;csrf;a&;qufxdef;r,f? t"duuawmh 'Dtwdkif;bJ qufaeoGm;yg&apqdkwmygbJ”-[k tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufolESifh eD;pyfonfhtodkif;t0dkif;uajymyg onf? “wd u swJ h t ajzuawmh usaemf w d k @ awmif ; qd k w mud k etzvufrcHbJyg,fcsxm;w,f/ usaemfwdk@uawmholwdk@abmif cwfwt hJ wkid ;f vk;H 0vku d v f yk &f r,fqw kd mrjzpfEidk b f ;l av/‘'Dtwdik ;f bJqufaeoGm;zdk@/ aemifwufvmr,fh tpdk;&opfrSmrS aqG;aEG;zdk@’ qdkwJhjyefpmtwGufESpfzGJ@pvHk;qkH;jzwf+yD; jyefvdkuf+yD”- [k 0 wyfrª;wOD;u ajym.? oD;jcm;twnfrðyEkdifao;onfh owif;w&yfrSm “Adkvf&Jjrifh ajympum;u owif;xGufaewJhtwkdif;r[kwfbl;/ ol ajymwmu -toGifajymif;zdk@tcsdefvGefoGm;+yD/ toGifajymif;zdk@ (tcGifhta&;r±Sdawmhbl;) vHk;0vufeufcs&r,f/ aemuf+yD; 0 wyf zGJ@cGifhðyonfjzpfap rðyonfjzpfap etztm%mykdifawGeJ@ a±G; aumufyGJaumfr±SifawG 0 e,ftwGif;0ifrSmbJwJh/ yefzSmh&J@wyf
26 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
r[m 1 o#r;f wyfz@JG vnf; vufcv H m atmifvyk rf ,f - vd@k udak jym wm”- [kvnf;ajymqko d nf? etz. 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkt& [dkyef / rdkif;arm / yef0dkif em;zef;/ armfzSESifh yefqef; 6 ®r@e,f 0udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif; tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onf? 12/8/2010 &uf jynfaxmifpka±G;aumufyGJaumfr±Sifu jynfol@vGwfawmfrJqENe,fajrrsm; xkwfjyef&mwGif 0 udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;wGifyg0ifonfh 6 ®r@e,fudkvnf; rJqENe,fajr 6 ae&m owfrSwfcJhonf? vuf±dSwGif rdkif;arm / rdkif;ayguf / rdkif;zsJef / yef0dkif / em;zef; ESifh yefqef; 6 ®r@e,fudk 0 wyfzGJ@u xdef;csKyfxm;+yD; [dkyefESifh armfzS(rwfref)®r@e,fudkrl etzppfwyfu xdef;csKyfxm;onf? 2009 Edk0ifbm 0 wyfzGJ@. etzxHwifjyawmif;qdkcsuf pmwrf;Y xdik ;f e,fpyfteD; rkid ;f qwf/rkid ;f wk®H r@e,f 171 ppfa'oESihf vuf±Sd 0 xdef;csKyfe,fajr rdkif;ayguf/ rdkif;zsJef®r@e,fwkd@tm; rdkif;aygufc±dkifowfrSwfI 0udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;twGif;xnfh oGi;f &efw@kd yg±o Sd nf? typf & yf v uf e uf u d k i f t zG J @ rsm;jzpf o nf h tif t m; 2 aomif;ausm±f dS 0 jynfaoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;ygwD UWSP tyg t0if ucsif j ynf v G w f v yf a &;tzG J @ rH k ; vm;tzG J @ ES i f h o#rf ; jynf wyfrawmf(ajrmufydkif;)wyfr[m 1 tzGJ@wkd@onfvufeufcsa&; ukd rqkx d m;ESiehf tz.e,fjcm;apmifw h yfz@JG pnf;a&;tqdu k kd ,ae@ wkdifjiif;qefaeqJ jzpfonf? typf&yfwyfz@JG rsm; e,fjcm;apmifw h yfrjzpftoGiaf jymif; &ef ,ckpufwbFm 1 &uf aemufqHk;owfrSwf&ufonf 6 }udrf ajrmufjzpf.? yxrt}udrf 2009 atmufwdkbm 1 &uf/ aemuf wGif 2009 'DZifbm 2 &uf/ 2010 azaz:0g&D 3 &uf/ rwfcsf 10 &uf/ {+yD 28 &uf wdk@jzpfonf? rnfo@kd yifqakd p 0 wyfz@JG / rdik ;f vm;wyfz@JG / ucsif KIA wyfz@JG ESifh AdkvfcsKyfyefzS OD;aqmifonfh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf wyf r[m 1 wd k @ onf ud k ; uef @ ta&;tcif ; uJ h o d k @ tjzpf r cH a wmh b J +yD ; cJ h onfhvaemufqHk;ywfu 0 XmecsKyfyefqef;Y 4 zGJ@acgif;aqmif rsm;aqG;aEG;cJ=h ua=umif; - tqdyk gowif;&yfuu G u f ajymygonf? o#rf;oHawmfqifh 25/08/2010
INDEPENDENCE
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OD;a±$tkH;psmyetcrf;tem; xdyfwef;EdkifiHa&;rdwfaqGrsm;wufa&muf 0g&ifo h #r;f Edik if aH &;orm;}u;D OD;a±$t;kH psmyetcrf;tem; od@k EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;/ vlr_a&;toif;tzGJ@rSyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh 0g&ifh EdkifiHa&;rdwfaqGrsm;pGmwufa&mufcJha=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf? “NLD u OD;wifOD;/ SNDP u pdkif;xGef;at;/ 'Drdku&uf wpfygwD(jrefrm) ua':oef;oef;Ek/ UDP utzGJ@0ifawGeJ@wjcm; Edik if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawGvJ wufa&muf=uw,f? y&dwo f wf 800 ausmf±Sdr,f” [k prf;acsmif;olwpfOD;u ajymygonf? OD;a±$tHk;±kyfuvmyftm; a&a0;ok\mefodk@ we*FaEGae@ nae 3;00 em&DwGif ydk@aqmifoò*õ[cf o hJ nf? “0g&ifEh ikd if aH &;orm;}uD;awG/ &efuek af &muf o#r;f jynfEikd if H a&;rdom;pk/ Edik if aH &;rsK;d qufopfe@J o#r;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd &uf wpfygwDwdk@u ok\mefrSm0rf;enf;a=umif; o0%fv$mzwfcJh=u w,f” [k ‚if;uqufvufajymygonf? psmyetcrf;tem;odk@ wufa&muf=uaomygwDrsm;rSm o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (SNDP)/ o#rf;wdkif;&if; om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (SNLD)/ &efukefo#rf;pmayESifh,Of aus;r_tzGJ@/ awmif}uD;toif; (&efukef)/ o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; txl;a'o(3) ESihf &efukeftajcpdkuf tjcm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;jzpf onf[k od±Sd&onf?
touf 88 ESpf±SdOD;a&$tHk;onf rdrdtwˆKyüwWdudk a&;om; +yD;jzef@a0&ef &nf±, G cf ahJ omfvnf; +yD;ajrmufcge;D / 20/8/2010 nae 6;15 em&Dcef@ tonf;uifqma&m*gjzifh &efukefprf;acsmif; aetdrfwGifuG,fvGefcJhonf? OD;a±$tkH;onf 1923 rwf 14 &uf o#rf;jynfawmifydkif; anmifa±$®r@wGif arG;zGm;cJh.? *syefacwfu ta±S@tm±Svli,frsm; hJ ? 1945-46 ajratmufvy_ ±f mS ; tpnf;t±H;k zG@J pnf;&mwGiyf g0ifc. r_/ 1946-47 o#rf;jynf jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@ csKyf(&yv) b¾ma&;r–;/ 1947 jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwdkuf udk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf 'kwd,yifvHknDvmcHwGifwufa&mufcJhonf? 1947 o#rf; jynfaumifpDrS 'kwd,twdkuftcHacgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0efxrf; aqmifcJh.? 1947-1962txd tpdk;&0efxrf;vkyfcJhao;onf? xdk@aemuf a±S@aetvkyfvkyfum 1974 aemufydkif;rSom EdkifiHa&; avmuxJjyef0ifvmcJhonf? 1988 wGif o#rf;jynfwdkif;&if;om; vlrsK;d pkrsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfY OuUXtjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ yD; 1990 a±G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOf®yifcJhonf? ‚if;onf jynfaxmifp'k rD u dk a&pDygwD (UDP)wGif em,u wpfOD;tjzpf uG,fvGefcsdeftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? arGacg0f 23/08/2010
pmrsuEf mS 25 rS udkaxmufcHolrsm;onf tifwmeuf/ tD;ar;vf rsm;rSwqifh EdkifiH&yfjcm;wGif±Sdaeaom o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;udk SNDP tm;axmufcr H aJ y;=u&ef pnf;±H;k r_rsm;vnf;±Sad =umif; od±&dS onf? o#rf;wdkif;&if;om; trsm;pkonf xdkif;EdkifiH/ +AdwdefEdkifiH/ =opa=w;vsEiS hf puFmylw@kd wGif a&muf±adS e=u+yD; ‚if;wd@k onf 2010 a±G;aumufyt JG wGuf oufqikd &f moH±;kH rSwqifh rJxnfEh ikd =f u onf? “usrwd@k o#r;f wdik ;f &if;om;awGbufuaeyJ &yfwnfomG ; rS m jzpf y gw,f ? a±G ; aumuf y G J r S m tEd k i f & zd k @ twG u f v nf ; qk awmif;&rSmaygh ” [k xdik ;f Edik if H befaumuf®r@±Sd wuUov kd w f ckwiG f ynmoifaeolwOD;u ajymonf? vef'ef®r@wGif ausmif;wufaeolwOD;uvnf;“ SNDP udkyJ rJxnfhjzpfygvdrfhr,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh usaemfwdk@wOD; SNDP
wa,mufcsif;pDrJxnfhwmu ygwDtwGuftajymif;tvJjzpf oGm;Edkifw,f?+yD;awmh SNDP qdkwmuusaemfwdk@o#rf;awGudk ud, k pf m;ðyaewmav” [k qdo k nf? o#rf;oHawmfqifh owif;XmerS t,f'Dwm OD;cGefpdkif;u “1990 wkef;uawmh ar#mfvifhcsufodyf}uD;cJh=uw,f? o#rf;ygwD Edik +f yD/ jynfe,ftpd;k &wnfaxmifv@kd &+yD/ etzppfwyfawG ±kyo f rd ;f zdk@yJ±Sdawmhw,fqdk+yD; pdwftm;xufoefcJh=uwmaygh? tcktcsdef rSmawmh tJ'DvdkrsKd;pdwftm;xufoefatmif jyefvkyfzdk@qdk&if awmfawmf}uD;udk óud;pm;,l&vdrrhf ,f” [k rSwcf suaf y;onf? ,cktajctaeonf jynfolrsm;taejzifh EdkifiHa&;udk pdwrf 0ifpm;Edik b f J rdrw d @kd pm;0wfaea&;jzifo h m tm±Hrk sm;aeap&ef etztpdk;&u zefwD;xm;onf[kvnf; OD;cGefpdkif;u qdkonf? {&m0wD 26 July 2010 Shan Herald Agency for News
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wyfrSxGufajy;ol etz o#rf;ppfom; SSA-S ESifhyl;aygif; rdkif;xm;tajccspcef;rS etzppfom; wyfrSxGufajy;um xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyftajcpdu k pf 0f,w G pf pfvufatmufcv H , G v f rf awmifydkif; SSA wyfzGJ@ESifh ylaygif;a=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&onf? “=o*kwfv 4 &ufae@u a&mufvmwm? emrnfu pdik ;f oef;pdef wJ?h MA-1 aoewf 1 vuf/ vufypfA;kH 1 vH;k / usnu f yf 3 uyf / M 14 ajrjr‡ K yf r d k i f ; 1 vH k ; ygvmw,f ” [k vG,fvrfajyma&;qdkcGifh±SdolwpfOD;u ajymjyygonf? wyfajy;pdik ;f oef;pdeu f “wyfxrJ mS w&m;r#wr_r±Sb d ;l ? wyfr– ;utEdkifusifhw,f?wdkif;&if;om;qdk&iftvkyfydkcdkif;w,f?uif; apmifhwm0efrusvJ olwdk@tpm; apmifhay;&w,f? rapmifhay;&if e&if;tkyw f ,f? tckem;wpfzufaumif;aumif; r=um;&awmhb;l ” [k ajymjyygonf? wmcsDvdwftajcpdkuf cr& 529 rS rdkif;xm;tajccswyf pcef;Y ytdk0f;trsKd;om;ppfom;wpfa,mufvnf; xdkuJhodk@tEdkif usifhcHae&a=umif;/ rwfvYuGef[def;odk@vdarRmfoD;oGm;a&mif;pOf
vrf;w0ufY etzppfom;rsm;ay:wmzrf;oGm;&mrS twif;t"rR ppfom;vkyfcdkif;a=umif;udk ‚if;u TuJhodk@quf ajymjy.? “+yD;cJhwJh vdarRmfoD;&moDu uGef[def;bufoGm;a&mif;&if; ay:wmqGJcH&w,f? aemufawmhay;rjyefawmhbJ ppfom;tjzpf twif;t=uyftaumufcH&w,f? oHk;vppfoifwef;wuf+yD; rdkif;awmh-rdkif;xm;buf vma&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif&w,f” touf 26 ESpf±Sd pdkif;oef;pdefonf o#rf;jynfawmifydkif; vJcsm;Zmwdjzpf.? etzppfom;rjzpfrSDtxd vdarRmfoD; ukefonf jzpf.? trnfrazmfvdkonfh xdkif;e,fpyfvHkòcHa&;t&m±SdwpfOD;u tqdkyga'orS etzppfom;ru trSwf 171 ppfa'o 0 wyfzGJ@rS ppfom;rsm;vnf; xGuaf jy;a=umif;/ *sLvdik v f twGi;f xdik ;f Edik if o H @kd xGufajy;onfh 0 wyfom; 2 OD;/ ,ckvwGif 4 OD; zrf;qD;rda=umif; o#r;f oHawmfqifo h @kd ajymjyygonf? arGacg0f 10/08/2010
vpmrsm;r&I BGF vm;[l wyfom;rsm;xGufajy; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;v#if rdom;pkpm;0wfae a&;tm;vHk; etzuwm0ef,lrnf[kqdkaomfvnf; vufawG@jzpf rvmaoma=umifh vm;[le,fjcm;apmifw h yf wyfom;rsm;xGuaf jy; =ua=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf? “*|efvu p+yD;usKdif;wHkrSmppfoifwef; 3 voGm;=uw,f? 'gayr,fhwvausmfeJ@oifwef;&yfvdkuf&w,f? oifwef;qif; vufrw S v f rJ &bl;”- [k trnfraz:vdo k nfh usKid ;f wHo k m;vm;[l trsKd;om;wOD;uajymygonf? etz ppftkyfpku e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@rsm;tm; wyfom; opf usyfaiG 35˜000/ wyfom; 36˜000 (tajccHvpm)/wyf=uyf 48˜000/ wyf=uyf}uD; 54˜000/ Adkvf 130˜000/ Adkvf}uD; 150˜000/ Adv k rf ;ª 170˜000 vpmcHpm;ap&rnft h jyif rdom;pkpm;eyf&u d mQ qef qD qm;ay;rnf[k vufurf;pmapmif (0 / o#rf;/ Arm - oHk; bmom) ESiw hf uGEw _ u f wdygay;cJah =umif; ‚if;vm;[ltrsK;d om; u TuJhodk@ajymjy.? “qefqDqm; tjyifrdom;pkta&;ulnDay;r,f/ c&D;oGm; &if um;cay;p&mrvkdbl;/ uav;arG;&ifvJ tultnDtaxmuf tyhHawGay;r,f? ausmif;om;/olawGausmif;p&dwf zS&D; - pojzifh ajymw,f/ vufawG@rSmbmrSr&bl;? usaemfwdk@ bD*sDtufzf 28 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
twGufrajymeJ@/ olwdk@ Armppfom;awGawmif &moDtvdkuf +cH tvkyform;oGm;vkyf &w,f?” &moDtvdkuf aumufpdkuf/&dwfodrf;jcif;Yvnf;aumif;/ bde;f pdu k /f bde;f qDjcpf &moDYvnf;aumif; etzppfom; rdom;pku ae@pm;vkyfom;vkyf0ifaiG±Sm=u&.? xdk@tjyifwyf&efyHkaiGtwGuf xif;/ rD;aoG;/ 0g; rsm;ckwfa&mif; ay;&.? vm;[ltrsKd;om;rsm; xdkuJhodk@cHpm;cGifhtjynfht0r& aoma=umifh 0rf;a&;twGufwyfrS/ ppfoifwef;rS xGufajy;&jcif; jzpfonf[k o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymjy.? e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@rsm; (yHkygusif/rdkif;wkH trSwf 1007/ rdkif;,k/rdkif;,Gef; 1008/ rHk;udk;/wmcsD vdwf 1009 /rufref;/ armfzS 1010) usKid ;f wHo k @kd oGm;a&mufppfoifwef;,lpOf umvwav#muf wGifrl ±kdufESuf}udrf;armif;jcif;wpHkw&mrðyonfhtjyif aexkdifpm; aomufa&;Y txl;{nfhcHxm;onf[kqkd.? tqdkygppfoifwef;odk@ vm;[ltrsKd;om; 250 a,muf/ o#rf;/ tcg ESifh ‘0’ 150 a,muf/ pkpkaygif; ta,muf 400 yg0ifonf[k qd. k ? o#r;f oHawmfqifh 11/08/2010
INDEPENDENCE
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aus;vuf±Gmoltm; etzppfAdkvfrk'def;usifh o#r;f jynfawmifyikd ;f uGe[ f ed ;f tajcpdu k v f y_ ±f mS ;ppfa=umif; wa=umif;rS ppfAv kd u f 0rfavm0f;tkypf ±k mG olwOD;tm; rk'ed ;f usi+hf yD; owif;ysH@ygu owfjzwfrnf[k +cdrf;ajcmufa=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&yg onf? uGe[ f ed ;f tajcpdu k f cr& 524 wyfcJG 3 rS Adv k o f ed ;f atmifu tiftm; 30 ausmEf iS t hf wlueG [ f ed ;f ®r@awmifbuf0rfah vm0f;tkypf k zufodk@ a±S@wef;xGufv_yf±Sm;a=umif;/ *sLvdkif 24 &uf 0rfhavm0f; aus;±Gmodk@a&mufpOf 2 nwnf;+yD; eef;vltm; rk'def;usifha=umif; a'ocHrsm;uajymjyygonf? “'kw, d 0gqv kd jynfah e@ bke}f uD;ausmif;wufawmh nu ol@udkrk'def;usifhwJhta=umif; oli,fcsif;awGudk ajymjyw,f? tJ'D Akv d u f wjcm;olawGuakd jymjy&if owfypfr,fq+kd yD; +cdr;f ajcmufxm; w,fv@kd vJ ajymjyw,f” [ktrnfrazmfvdk ±Gmom;wOD;u ajym jyygonf? xdo k wif;w±GmvH;k ys@H ES@H oGm;+yD; rdbrsm;vnf; rdrw d @kd orD; vkHòcHa&;twGuf pdwfylae=ua=umif; ‚if;u TuJhok@d qufvuf
ajymjy ygonf? “tJ'Dowif;=um;+yD;wJhaemuf rdbawGvJ olwdk@&J@orD; unmawGudk v,f,may;roGm;awmhbl;? tdrfrSmvJ wa,muf wnf;rxm;&Jawmh tvkyftudkift&rf;ysufwmaygh” touf 30 t±G,f eef;vlwGif rdbESpfyg;pvHk;uG,fvGef oGm;aoma=umifh wpfa,mufwnf;aexdkifa=umif;/ usef;rma&; raumif;onfhtjyifpdwfa&m*gvnf;cHpm;ae&a=umif;od±Sd&onf? uGe[ f ed ;f tajcpdu k f cr& 524 v_y±f mS ;ppfa=umif;(wyfcJG 3) onf tenf;qHk;w±Gmay:wm 3 a,mufqifhac:+yD; w±Gm0if w±GmxGupf pfa=umif;xGuw f idk ;f tpOftvSnu hf swm0ef,&l a=umif;/ wpfvtwGif;±Gmom;rsm;. tdrfarG;=uuf 37 aumifvnf; qif, h o l mG ;cJah =umif;/ awG@or#+cx H u G o f ;D EHES iS t hf pm;tpmrsm; vnf; awmif ; &rf ; jcif ; rðybJ ,l a qmif o G m ;a=umif ; a'ocH r sm;u ajymjyygonf? arGacg0f 11/08/2010
wmcsDvdwf&,uOuUX &yfuGufðyjyifa&;ta=umif;jy xdkif;bwfaiGodef;csDaumuf o#r;f jynfta±S@ydik ;f wmcsv D wf®r@ qefqikd ;f (u) &yfuu G f OuUX &yfuGuftwGif; vrf;ðyjyif&efESifh a&E_wfajrmif; azmuf&ef ta=umif;jyI ydkufqHaumufcHaea=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf? “tdrfa±S@wkdif;a&E_wfajrmif;wl;ckdif;w,f? ±Sif;cdkif;w,f? tJ'DtwGufwpftdrfwufqif; ydkufqHaumufw,f”[k qefqdkif; &yfuGufom;wpfOD;u ajymjyygonf? &yfuGuf vrf;ðyjyif&eftwGuf t"duydkufqHxnfhay;& olrsm;rSm opfjzwfpufydkif±Sif pdkif;0ef; bwf 15000/ vHk;a,mif; 15000/ eef;vm; 32000/ eef;atG@ 25000/ vHk;wDG 9500/ pdkif;pH 3000ESihf ygeh ef;vm; 5000 wd@k jzpf=u+yD; useaf 'ocHrsm;xHrv S nf; tao;tr$m;aumuf,lcJhao;onf[kqdk.? tdrfa±S@a&ajrmif;wl;azmf&mY &yfuGufOuUXtm; t a=umif;r=um;&aumif;vm;[kqu kd m pnfyifom,muajrwl;puf jzifh vma&mufzsuq f ;D oGm;a=umif;vnf; ‚if;uTuJo h @kd ajymjyyg onf?
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awmf- jynfe,ftpkd;&qkdwmawG r±Sdzl;ygbl;? jynfe,fw&m;±kH; h m csKyfqw dk mawGa&mayg?h 'gaumif;wJyh pHk yH g? 'gayr,f'h aD umif;wJ[ awGtm;vk;H ukd olw@dk uwyfrawmf atmufrmS jyefxm;vku d w f ,f? vkHòcHa&;aumifpDu tm%modrf;cGifh ±Sdw,f? jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyf ukv d J olw@dk cef@&r,fqadk wmh 'Dta,miftaqmifay;xm;wJjh ynf e,f vGwaf wmfwkd@ jynfe,ftpkd;&wkd@qkdwm bmvkyfawmhrvJ? a'gufwmqvkdif;vsJefrkef; qacgif; ENC 'kOuUX EBO okawoe 'g±kdufwm 2010 a±G;aumufyGJ[m tifrwefta&;}uD;w,fqkd+yD; jynfwGif;aum jynfyaumtm±kHpkduf=uw,f? wkdif;jynfat;csrf; +idrfoufzkd@±G,fcsuftrsKd;rsKd; ta=umif;jycsuftrsKd;rsKd;eJ@wkdif;&if; om;awGudk ppftpk;d &uzdtm;ay;w,f? wcsK@d vnf;jynfo@l ppf awG/ BGF awG z G J @ zk d @ wif ; cH a e=uw,f ? owif ; avmurS m =um;ae wmuvJ olw@dk óud;ukid v f @dk &r,ft h zG@J tpnf;awGuedk tzu ygwD xlaxmifcGifhawG OD;pm;ay;w,f? olwkd@eJ@n‡dvkd@r&wJhtzGJ@tpnf; awGuadk wmh cGjJ cm;qufqw H ,fqw dk hJ jy\emawG=um;ae& w,f? 'gayr,fh ucsifjynfrSmawmhtJvkdrsKd;awGrawG@&bl;? bmjzpfv@dk vJqadk wmh tckcsed rf mS ucsiv f rl sK;d awG[mnDnw G af &;ukd wu,fpdwfoefw,f? jynfaxmifpkppfppfjzpfwJhyefvkHpmcsKyfukd umuG,fzkd@ESpfaygif; 60 avmufvufeufukdif+yD;óud;pm;cJhwmukd =unfhjcif;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpkta&;wu,fóud;pm;aew,fqkd wm awG@&ygw,f? ucsijf ynfrmS ppftpk;d &bufuóud;pm;aewm awG@&w,f? 'gayr,fhratmifjrifEkdifygbl;?tckppfwkdif;r–;awGuvJ }uH@ckdifzGH@®z; a&;tjyif olwkd@ukdukd,fpm;ðywJhygwDawGvJzGJ@w,f? wzufrSm autkid t f u dk vnf; 'De,fjcm;apmifu h pd u P adk ¹rGrao'kwrf usK;d quf +yD;vufwGJr,fqkdwJhtaetxm;awG±Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh a'gufwm wl;*smwkd@&J@ KSPP tzGJ@tpnf;usawmh rSwfykHwifcGifhray;wmeJ@ ygwfoufvkd@trsKd;rsKd; a0zefw,f? ucsifvlxk&J@pdwfxJrSm a'gufwmwl;*smwkd@rSwfykHwifcGifh r&wmuk=d unfjh cif;tm;jzifh olw@dk xifw[ hJ m yk+d y;D aocsmoGm; w,f? vl x k & J @ ppf t pk d ; &uk d q ef u sif c sif w J h t csuf y k d + yD ; tm;aumif ; oGm;w,fvkd@ajym&rSmaygh? 'ga=umifh ckeajymovkd olwkd@vkyfcsif wmvkyfvkd@r&bl;? KIO vufxufrSm BGF qkw d o hJ w l @dk &J@jyifqif r_ vkH;0 atmifjrifrSmr[kwfbl; qkdwJh tcsufajymvkd@&ygw,f?
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EdkifiHa&;orm;wdk@.cGeftm; =o*wfpf 3 &uft*F gae@ NLD acgi;f aqmifwcsK@d tusO;f usaewJh wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawG&J@rdom;pkawGudk OuUX}uD; cGefxGef;OD;wkd@tdrfrSmoGm;a&mufawG@qkHtm;ay;pum;ajymcJhyg w,f?tJ'DawG@qHkr_uaewdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;orm;awGtwGuf bmcGeftm;awG&±SdvmovJ SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf OD;pdkif;vdwfeJ@ qufo, G af r;jref;xm;ygw,f? =o*wfpf 3 &uf reuf 11 em&Dct JG xd NLD tzG@J 0ifawG jzpfwJh OD;wifOD;/ OD0if;wif/ a'gufwm ae0if;jrifh OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;wkd@ygwJh 13 a,mufygtzG@J wzG@J [m axmif'%fEpS ±f n S u f scaH e& wJh SNLD acgif;aqmifOD;cGefxGef;OD;/ OD;pkdif;!Gef@vGifeJ@ OD;pkdif;vSatmifwdk@ rdom;pk/ ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGefu&ufygwD OuUX OD;ylusifh±Sif;xefeJ@ &ckdifvli,fukdwifapmatmif&J@tar rdom;pkwdk@awGukd OuUX}uD; cGefxGef;OD;wkd@tdrfrSm oGm;a&mufawG@qkHtm;ay;pum; ajymw,f vdk@ o#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf OD;pdkif;vdwfu ajymygw,f? “OD;0if;wifu a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if NLD ygwD[m w&m;0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf&yfwnfaepOfuwnf;u ckcsdefxdwkdif;&if;om;awGukd rjypfyg,fygbl;? wkdif;&if;om;awG[m jynfaxmifppk pfppfrjl zpfww hJ ef;wla&;eJ@ uk, d yf idk jf yXmef;cGi±hf &dS r,f? tckcsdefrSm NLD [m w&m;0ifEkdifiHa&;ygwDr[kwfawmhayr,fh wkid ;f &if;om;awGurdk jypfyg,yf gb;l pojzift h m;ay;pum;vmajym oGm;w,f? vma&mufawG@qkt H m;ay;wm0rf;omygw,f? aumif; rGefwJh r*Fvmwyg;jzpfw,f? OD;0if;wifu ajymoGm;w,f- EkdifiH a&;orm;qkdwm axmif0ifwJhae@±Sdovkd axmifxGufwJhae@vJ±Sd w,f? aumif;rGew f , hJ =Hk unfcsuaf =umifh axmifusomG ;ol&@J use±f dS rdom;pkrsm;vnf;ylaqG;aomua&mufr,fhtpm; *k%f,lwwf& r,f? aeaumif;usef;rmatmifae&r,f? 'grSrdrdwkd@&nfrSef;csuf yef;wkdifatmifjrifpGmav#mufvSrf;EkdifrSmjzpfw,f- qkdwJh[mukd vufcHw,f? aemufwck OD;0if;wifajymoGm;wJh wkdif;&if;om;awG[m jynfaxmifpkppfppfrljzpfwJh wef;wla&;eJ@ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh±Sd &r,fqw dk t hJ csu, f =Hk unfvufcx H m;qJjzpfw,fv@dk od&wJt h wGuf 0rf;om&w,f? tckvdk wkid ;f &if;om;awGvma&muf awG@qkrH [ _ m±Sd oifhw,fvkd@ usaemfwdk@tvkyftr_aqmifawGu,kH =unfw,f? wkdif;&if;om;EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG tiftm;csif;zvS,fwmjzpfwJh twGuf aumif;rGefwJhvkyf&yfvkd@jrifygw,f?” tckawG@qkrH a_ emufyidk ;f SNLD taeeJ@a±S@qufbmawGvyk rf mS vJ? “tckawG@qkrH [ _ m tjyifyef;o¾mef=unf&h if Ekid if aH &;awG@ qkrH r_ [kwb f ;l vk@d ajymEkid o f vkd ,lwwf&ifawmh Ekid if aH &;awG@qkrH v _ @dk 32 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
vJajymvk@d &w,f? bmjzpfv@dk vJqadk wmh NLD a':atmifqef;pk =unfukd,fwkdiftygt0ifwef;wlcGifheJ@ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh±Sd&r,f qkdwJhtcsuf,kH=unfvufcHxm;qJjzpfvkd@od&wJhtwGuf wkdif;&if; om;eJ@ NLD eD;eD;uyfuyf±Sdaeoifhw,f? vufwGJoifhw,f? 'Dt csufay:tajccH+yD;awmh wkdif;&if;om;eJ@ NLD wwef; wnf;±Sdae w,f? b,folrSvlrsKd;}uD;0g'r±Sdbl;vkd@ odcGifh&cJhygw,f? a±S@qufb,fvv dk ufwaJG qmif±u G o f mG ;oifv h J qkw d mu awmh - usaemfwkd@rSm wlnDwJh,kH=unfcsuf wckawmh±Sdw,f? bmvJqkdawmh - 2010 a±G;aumufyGJ[m 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd tajccH+yD;awmh ay:ayguv f mrSmjzpfw,f? 2008 zG@J pnf;yku H aum b,favmuftwkid ;f twmtxdtusK;d ±So d vJ r±Sb d ;l vJ? aemuf+yD; awmh wkdif;&if;om;awGukd b,fvkdaoG;cGJxm;ovJ? 'gawGukd owdrrlrw d v hJ x l =k um; SNLD taeeJ@ csjyEkid f oavmufcsjyoGm; r,fvkd@ pDpOfxm;ygw,f? EkdifiHa&;enf;eJ@ rv_yf±Sm;Ekdifonfhwkdif pmay§,Ofaus;r_vrf;uae óuH&ifóuHovkd&or#tcGifhtvrf;u aecsjyoGm;rSmjzpfw,f? ” vlxak xmufct H m;ay;wJh SNLD [mb,fvv dk y_ ±f mS ;r_awGbv J yk f awmhrvJvkd@ ar;vmwJhvlawGukdaumb,fvkdwkef@jyefr_ay;csifyg ovJcifAs? “ SNLD u Ekid if aH &;ygwD rSwyf q Hk ufrwifawmhwhJ twGuf vlr_tajcðyvkyfief;awGukdbJvkyfoGm;awmhr,f? vlr_tajcðyvkyf ief;qkw d muckavmavmq,fq&dk if Ekid if aH &;tay:vlawGem;vnf vmatmif ajymjy±Sif;jyoGm;r,f? 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHrSmbmawGygo vJ? vlxkukdb,favmuftusKd;ðyvJ? b,favmuftusKd;,kwf apovJ vlxkawGjrifvmatmifajymjyr,f pojzifhaygh?”
SNDP acgif;aqmif
OD;pkdif;aqmifqD ESifh OD;pdkif;tdkufayg0f;
owif;wpfcrk mS awG@&wmu SNLD [m SNDP ukad ,bk,stm; jzifv h ufcw H ,fv@dk SNDP 'kOuUX OD;pkid ;f aqmifqu D ajymw,f cifAs? tJ'g[kwfygovm;cifAsm;? “'guolw@dk bufubJ jrifjyD;olw@dk ubJajymoGm;wmuk;d ?
INDEPENDENCE ygwDwkd@[m 2010 a±G;aumufyGJrSmyg0if oifhw,fvkd@ olwkd@,kH=unf=uw,f? usaemfwdk@usawmh 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd tpuwnf;uvufrcHbl;? bmvkd@vJqkdawmh 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykH[m vlxkqENrygbl;/ wkdif;&if;om;awG&J@qENrygbl;? qkdawmh vlxkukd ukd,fpm;rðyEkdifbl;? wdkif;&if;om;awGukdvJ ukd,f pm;rðybl;? 'DzGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'uaexGufvmwJh a±G;aumuf yGJ0ifr,fh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;[mvnf; usaemfwdk@,kH=unfcsufeJ@ ruku d n f w D t hJ wGuf SNLD rl0g'eJ@vJvkH;0rukdufnDygbl;? 'Dawmh 2010a±G;aumufyGJukd SNLD taeeJ@vufrcHEkdifwJhtwGuf b,f ygwDukd vufcHw,fvufrcHbl;qkdwmuawmh txl;ajymaep&m rvkdbl;vkd@xifygw,f?” SNDP/NDF/UNDP
wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;&zkd@ b,fvkdvufwGJaqmif±GufoifhovJ vkd@jrifygovJcifAs? “wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wrsK;d [m ol@rSmuk, d yf idk f tcGit hf a&; &atmif ol@uk, d o f ól ud;pm;&rSmjzpfw,f? ol@uk, d o f l róud;pm;&if b,ftzGJ@tpnf; b,fygwDurS ol@ukdtcGifhta&;awGray;Ekdifyg bl;? ukd,fhbufu t&m&mtqifoifh±SdaerS&,lvG,frSmyg? b,f olrSukd,fhukd ‘a&mh,l’qkd+yD; oabmxm;}uD;}uD;eJ@ay;rSmr[kwfyg bl;? 'ga=umifh b,fwkdif;&if;om;rqkd t"du rdrdbmom/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ pD;yGg;a&;/ pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;tm;vkH; tkdauatmif toifjh yifxm;&rSmjzpfw,f? 'gyxrqk;H tqifv h yk &f r,ft h vkyf yg? olrsm;ukdtm;ukd;ar#mfvifhvkd@ r&Ekdifygbl;vkd@ usaemfwdk@jrifyg w,f?”
axmifuso#rf;acgif;aqmifawG&J@ usef;rma&;tajctaeaum? “OuUX}uD;uawmh aq;aomufae&wke;f ygb?J ol@rSmESv;Hk a&m*gtjyifq;D usw d af ,mifa&m*g/ em;tm±kaH =umtm;enf; a&m*g awGjzpfaew,f? tckrkd;wGif;a&mufawmh acsmfvJrSmpkd;vkd@tjyif xGufvrf;rav#muf&Jbl;? qkd;usKd;uawmh aoG;wkd;csifw,f? qkad wmht'J gawGtwGuf aq;uawmht+rJwrf;aqmifxm;&w,f? tonf;toef}uD;awmh r[kwfygbl;? tonf;toefjzpfaewm uawmh pkdif;rsKd;0if;xGef;aygh? ol@rSmESvkH;a&m*g±Sdawmh touf±SL usyfw,f? wcgwav aoG;ucsufcsif;qkdovkdwufvm+yD;awmh ±kyfcsnf;vJjyefusoGm;wwfw,f? ae&xkdif&awmfawmfcufcJw,f vkd@r=umao;cifu axmif0ifpmoGm;awG@vmwJh ol@nDr ajymjy csuft&od&w,f?” d cf sKyfaqxJe@f ukd axmifajymif;vku d w f ,f=um;w,f? Akv 'geJ@ygwfouf+yD;awmh b,fvkdowif;awG=um;ygovJ? “'Dupd o P @l rdom;pkpmwifawmif;qkw d ma=umifjh zpfEidk o f vkd typf&yf SSA u wm0ef,l pmwifawmif;qkdwmvJjzpfEkdifw,f? EkdifiHa&;ygwDjzpfwJh OD;cGefxGef;OD;wkd@ pkdif;EGwf;wkd@ pkdif;rsKd;0if;xGef; pkdif;vSatmifwdk@ukdawmh usaemfwdk@bufu ppftm%mykdifawGeJ@ oGm;a&mufnE‡d id_ ;f ajymqkad qG;aEG;jcif;r±Sw d t hJ wGuo f w l @dk ukd av#mh ay;ajymif;ay;zkd@r±Sdbl; xifygw,f?” o#r;f oHawmfqifh 6/08/2010
2010 a±G;jc,f&mvrf; ig;r& a&csK;d jyef 'Dt}uHtyd rf uf rSe;f csuEf rS ;f xGuu f u kd rf vm;´
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jynfol@&ifaoG; ESifh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf ,ckEpS af EGaESmif; rd;k OD;umvup+yD; o#r;f jynfrmS etzArmh wyfrawmftygt0if/ vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@tm;vHk; &Jabmfopf awGpak qmif;vd@k o#r;f jynfom; vli,fawGtrsm;tjym;xkid ;f xJukd xG u f a jy;wd r f ; a±S m if c J h y gw,f ? wcsKd @ uo#rf ; jynf w yf r awmf ppfom;opfaumufvdk@xGufajy;&w,fvdk@ajymqdk=uovdk wcsKd@ uvJ jynfol@ppf/ e,fpyfumuG,fa&;/ etzppfom;rvkyfvdkvdk@ xGufajy;=uw,fvdk@ ajymwJholawGvJ±Sdygw,f? o#rf;jynfwyf rawmfrmS bmvd@k wyfom;opfpak qmif;&vJ/ jynfoal wG bmjzpfv@kd xGufajy;=uovJ/ o#rf;jynfwyfrawmfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfAdkvfr–; avm0fqdkifeJ@ qufoG,far;jref;xm;ygw,f?
wyfom;opfwpfa,mufudk bmt&nftcsi;f =unf+h yD;aumuf,l pkaqmif;ygovJcifAs´ “jynfwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@u oef;acgifpm&if;aumuf+yD; rdom;wpkrSm om;orD;b,fESpfa,muf±SdvJ qef;ppfw,f/ 18 ESpfjynfh+yD;wJh wpfOD;wnf;aomom; r[kwf&ifppfr_xrf;oifhw,f vkd@ owfrSwf+yD;aumuf,lwm jzpfygw,f?” o#rf;jynfrSmtjcm;wkdif;&if;om;awG tjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;awGvJ ±Sdaejyefawmh &Jabmfopf&zdk@tòydiftqdkifaumuf,lr_awGuae wkdufyJGjzpf&wmrsKd;±SdcJhzl;vm;cifAs´
o#rf;jynfwyfrawmftaeeJ@ f yfom;aumuf,yl govJ´ wpfEpS rf mS b,fESp}f udrw
“'guawmh - usaemfw@kd xde;f csKyfe,fajrxJubJ aumuf ,lwJhtwGuf wjcm;tzGJ@awGeJ@vk,ufaumuf,lwmrsKd;r±SdcJhzl; ygbl;?”
“b,fESpf}udrfqkdwmrowfrSwfygbl;? usaemfwdk@ o#rf; jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aumifpD&J@ay:vpDt& o#rf;jynfwGif; rSmaexkdifwJhtouf 18 ESpfeJ@ 45 ESpf=um;trsKd;om;wkdif;ppfr_r xrf;rae&pepft&ppfr_rxrf;&ao;wJh vlukdpm&if;aumuf,l ygw,f?”
{+yDvup+yD;ckxd o#rf;jynfxJrSm SSA a&m etza&mppfom;awG aumuf,rl a_ =umifh xkid ;f xJux dk u G af jy;olawGrsm;w,fv@dk owif; awG=um;&ygw,f´ “o#r;f jynfwyfrawmftaeeJ@ ppfom;aumuf,w l m[m acwftqufqufujzpfygw,f? [kd;t&ifwkef;u o#rf;jynfom; awGukd etzppfom;aumufw,fqkdwmr=um;zl;cJhygbl;? ±SdvJ wpdwfwa'oaygh/tJhcsdefwkef;u SSA uppfom;aumufv@dk xGuf ajy;w,fqkdwmvJ r±SdcJhzl;ygbl;? tcketzu us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ ppfom;awGaumuf,lpkaqmif;vmrS xGufajy;=uw,fqkdawmh usaemfwdk@a=umifhxGufajy;wm rjzpfEkdifygbl;”
Photo : SSA
ppfom;opfaumuf,la&;eJ@ygwfoufwJh tcsuftvufawG ukda&m aus;vufvlxkxHcsjyyg&J@vm;cifAs´
SSA .&Jabmfopfoifwef;
bmjzpfvkd@ppfom;aumuf,lpkaqmif;&ovJqkdwm vJ±Sif;jyay;ygOD;cifAs´ “o#rf;jynfukd,fpm;vS,fawG&,f/ o#rf;jynfjyefvnfxl axmifa&;aumifp&D @J twkid yf ifcyH nm±Siaf wG&,f// oHCmawmfawG &,faqG;aEG;wkdifyif+yD; o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf±SdrS o#rf;jynfom;awG &J@tcGifhta&; awmif;qkdEkdifr,fqkdwma=umifh touf 18 ESpfeJ@ 45 ESpf=um;trsKd;om;wkdif; ppfom;aumuf,lpkaqmif;&wmjzpf ygw,f?” 34 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
“usaemfwdk@jynfwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ua&m/ rsKd;cspf yk*~KdvfawG/ oHCmawmfawGygrusef a&mufwJhae&mt&yfrSm ppfr_ xrf ; a&;eJ @ ygwf o uf w J h t csuf t vuf a wG u k d jynf o l a wG u k d ±Sif;jyw,f? ppfr_xrf;zkd@vJ E_d;aqmfygw,f?” ynmwwfvli,fawG ar;avh±SdwJhar;cGef;wpfck±Sdygw,f? txuf wef; (10 wef;) atmifwJhvli,fawGukd wcsKd@tzGJ@tpnf;u Akdvf oifwef;qkd+yD; ac:avh±Sdygw,f? RCSS rSma&m o#rf;jynfom; ynmwwf vli,fawGukd tJvkdðypkysKd;axmifwm±Sdvm;cifAs´ “usaemfwdk@ rl0g't&touf 18 ESpfeJ@ 45 ESpf=um; ppfr_ rxrf;&ao;wJv h al wGudk t&ifaumufygw,f? tajccHppfoifwef; u+yD;&if tJx h u J t&nftcsi;f ±Sw d v hJ al wGux dk yf+yD;a±G;cs,yf gw,f?
INDEPENDENCE t&nftcsi;f tvku d f &mxl;&mcHawGw;dk jrifah y;oGm;ygw,f? acwf tqufqufusifhokH;vmwJhpepfyg/ ckcsdefxdvJ usaemfwdk@usifhokH; aeqJjzpfygw,f?”
Edik fiaH &;jy\ em rajz±Sif;bJ vufeufrpGef@Edkif
o#r;f jynfwyfrawmf r=umao;cifu xkid ;f ukx d u G af jy;wJo h #r;f jynfom; wa,mufudk usaemfpum;ajymjzpfw,f? olu o#rf;jynfrSm vlawGajymae=u wmu o#rf;ppfwyf[m Armppfwyfukd t}udyfte,fwkdufckduf wmodyfr±Sdbl;/ acgif;aqmifykdif;uvJ }uD;yGg;csrf;omvm&ifvuf atmufi,fom;awGukd r=unfh±_ raz;r awmhbl;vkd@ajymw,f? 'DudpPeJ@ygwfouf+yD; b,fvkdwkef@jyefajymqkdcsifygovJcifAs´ “[kwfw,f/ usaemfwdk@o#rf;awmfvSefa&;orkdif;ukd=unfh &if tJvkdjzpfzl;w,f? 'DtcsufukdjrifwJh ynmwwfvli,fawGukd usaemfw@kd zdwaf c:w,f? a±S@quf'u D pd aP wG xyfrjzpfay:zk@d ynm wwfvli,fawGppfr_xrf;=uyg? vma&mufðyjyifay;=uyg? o#rf; jynfom;awG&@J wef;wltcGit hf a&;&±Sad &;twGuf ppfrx _ rf;jcif; [m vlwkdif;&J@wm0efjzpfygw,f?”
EkdifiHa&;enf;t& jy\emajz±Sif;+yD;rSom aemufqufwJG jy\emjzpfwJh wyfudpPudk ajz±Sif;vdk@&r,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@oabm xm;±Sw d ,f? tckjzpfaewJu h pd u P tay:,H=unf&h if wyfupd cP sn;f yJ/ wyfjy\emcsn;f yJv@kd xifae&ayr,fh ESpaf ygi;f ±Sn=f umvm+yjD zpfwhJ jynfwiG ;f ppfu Edik if aH &;tay:rSmtajccHw,f? wdik ;f &if;om;awG&@J tcGit hf a&;ay:rSmtajccHw,f? 'gub kd mrSrajz±Si;f bJe@J vufeuf pGe@f cdik ;f r,fq&kd ifawmh wjcm;tzG@J awGvv J ufrcHEikd =f ubl;? usaemf wdk@jynfolawGvJ vufrcHEdkif=ubl;? Edkif[Hom taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL; rGefjynfopfygwD DVB ESifh tifwmAsL;
&Jabmfopfpak qmif;vmwm o#r;f jynfawmfveS af &;orkid ;f rSmESpf 50 ausmyf g+yD/atmifjrifr_ rawG@&ao;ygb;l ? tJ'g bmha=umifv h J cifAs´
w&m;r#wzd‹k &mrjrif
“tvGefar;oifhwJhar;cGef;jzpfygw,f? awmfvSefa&;c&D; ratmifjrif&wJu h pd u P usaemfw@kd &J@±Sr;f jynfacgi;f aqmifawG pnf; vkH;nDnGwfr_tm;enf;wJhtjyif jynfolvlxk&J@qENokH;oyfcsuf/ xifjrif,lqcsufukd vufrcHbJ rdrdxif&mpkdif;vkyfcJh=uwJhtwGuf a=umifb h jJ zpfw,f? t"duuawmh acgi;f aqmifawG[mtrsK;d om; a&;ukdwu,frvkyfbJeJ@ rdrd&J@yk*~vduukd,fusKd;pD;yGg;a&;ukd a±S@ wef;wiftav;xm;wJhtwGufa=umifjhzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh tzGJ@ tpnf;awG ysufpD;vkdufjyefvnfxlaxmifvkdufeJ@yef;wkdifukd ra&mufEidk w f mjzpfygw,f? aemufwckuo#r;f jynfom;ynmwwf vli,fawG xJx0J if0if 0ifa&mufwm0ef,rl r_ ±Sw d mvJ ygygw,f?”
vef'eftajcpku d f ynm±Sit f zG@J wzG@J jzpfwhJ Economist Intelligence Unit u jrefrmEkdifiHrSmusif;yr,fh a±G;aumufyGJ[m w&m;r#wwJh a±G;aumufyjJG zpfz@dk &m b,fvrdk rS jzpfEidk b f ;l vk@d qkv d u dk f ygw,f? 0ef}u;D csKyfoed ;f pdef OD;aqmifwhJ }u@H zGwyf gwzD @JG wm[m tem *wftpkd;&rSm ppfwyfeJ@ppfwyfvkdvm;wJhygwDawG tckdiftrmyg0if Ekid af tmifvyk af qmifwmbJjzpfw,fv@dk qkyd gw,f? 'Dyt Hk wkid ;f qk&d if a±G;aumufy+JG yD;wJh tcg pD;yGg;a&;usyw f nf;r_zt d m;awG±adS erSmjzpf+yD; vlx&k @J zDqefra_ wG vnf;±Sad eOD;rSmjzpfw,fv@dk cef@rSe;f ajymqkx d m; ygw,f? Irrawaddy - 25/8/2010
o#rf;oHawmfqifh 13/08/2010 Shan Herald Agency for News
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36 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
usKyfe‹J rwl usKyf&efol 2008 zG@J pnf;yHjk yifvo kd /l 2010 a±G;aumufyq JG ef@usio f rl eS &f if qlyal ESmuf,u S o f /l ta&;oH;k yg; zsuq f ;D olcsn;f yJ
INDEPENDENCE
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Shan Herald Agency for News
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38 Vol. 27, No. 269, 2010
arGacg0f 12/ 08/ 2010
INDEPENDENCE
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DVB 11/08/2010
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