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INDEPENDENCE
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Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
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Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
INDEPENDENCE
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Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
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INDEPENDENCE
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Shan Herald Agency for News
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10 Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
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INDEPENDENCE
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11
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ule;f 3 oFe;f rFe;f [Febf urfx h rF yf idl yf idk ;f rmefj ]nefymifukrfvlifqldOfhqmwfj NC qkrf;okduf;rmefjcAefbwFrfj yldifiOfjykdif;rldif;cOfeefh yAefwMbz.ef;vDcOf,kdwf;nMbeMbcmOf;,mOf;ulpf;/ wMbokefbvBjzAifbyAif;qmOf;cldOf; 7 rldif;? wMbokefbvBjxmifb[mifjv.wfjvFOf;ulef;rdlif; nrfbyM;oif/ zljcOfj=rfjurfjerf yAef nef w.uf;=OfvldufjugMbckdefj {ji.uf;=OfurfhxFrf/ qkrf;,dyf;u.ifjukdwf;okduf;auMj awvBjxkufbqfgUvlif;vBm;rkdOf;urfhxFrf/ wlOfwFef;z.if;wFef; ulef;rldif;qldOf;ayhvldufjwifj 1990 orfh nrfbrD;okefbvBjwkdOfhwmif;oif/ yldifykdif;rmefjeBh awyAefulef;nrfb=U? yAefcldifjrkdOf;? yAefulef;vBj erfhw.ef;z.ef;vD 3 oFef;eBhulpf;tvj wuf;awnrfbcmOf;,mOf;} ]umefz.rfh=rfjeBh z.rfhzfgz.rfhref;ulpf;nrfbxkdif,ldif;rBmvBj/ c.if@oD@nOfckdef;qkdifjwB; RCSS erf;=Ofn.ef[Awf;auMjnrfbomifbxkufb/ yle d jf (wmifbrlbwmifbqkr;f qmOf;clOd ;f rlid ;f wB;) awnrfb,.r;f [yf/h wMbn.e=f OfumefqOdl q hf mwfjeefh yMjelOd f RCSS eBh wuf;vBjrD;xFijf qkr;f nefeidk jf qefe h idk jf /}
qOfjokduf;vlifqBm;,Dj 18_05_07
wB;tvjyle d jf ile d jf vBm;nef,mef[mifb ]uOfcMj,mrfj[Aef;=Uv.ifjwB; qArfrldOfjnMb,k 10 clyfbyBm/ ,mrfj Olefhv.ifjcfgj{jrldif;wB; u.ef;acM/ ,mrfjZefwMb{jrD;a[Mcrf;wB;/ zldOfbzFOfuAif;rBbvBj=yfhxlyf;=Uquf;vkif;ildefjZMU? qOfjqmifh,.if=pfjcOf/ wifjtwb nMb,k 20-30 rM;awMb 60 yBmeBh =U[efq.rf;iOf;vBm; qkrf;wB;v.ifjwB;z.ifj/ [efxkdifOMj,lyfj,.rf;ugMberf/ ,mrfjyAef=OfyOfjauMurfumefy.B;cl;arM wDjOmefjrfgbr.ufbqmrf/ ayM;yAefy.B;wB; ulef;wlpf;_x.rfbzAif;ugmrf;ymefrfgbrD;erf/ ulef;wlpf; qmwfjoFif;wB;rD;ndwf;n.efb/} ]ydlefj[ufhqmwfj cwf;qfgawMboljqldifh[kdOfeBeefh wDjckdufhref;vDvl,ldifjusdOf@ (ndwfhq a'@vf) cOf? OFwfUemrf;? uOf;vD (clOf@'D@,ldOf@) cOf/ iOfjiMbykdefhxmefuljnefeBh ulef;vrfb v.ifjvldOfyldefj/ OBmbwlpf;wB;_xB; nrfbayM;yldifjuef/ wmif;,mrfjtvj yBm;Olefhwlefjqfg vkrM; erf/ xFifj 50-100 yD xB;q.ifbawukdwf;-,if;vmrf;,myfb/ wB;eBauMj tohuef te;uef ,Bmjuef vlOd af o [ufuh ef z.ruhf ef/ u.yjf iOfjiMbyke d +hf if;Zdijf tij[dwjf +B;[Of;nlejf n.ebf / [Of;[M;uljauMUeBh zfn g rfbckud v hf Odl z f /gf [ufq h mwfj[if;zfrg ef; qifbrM;pM;uef/ iOfjiMbyldifckdufhvlifeBh (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
wlejf qf[g ufq h mwfj cuf;uBUarM[Awf;umefrmufjrD; arM[M+rfikdef; ,ldif;rBmrefjuFefb yuf;qfgawMbolj nrfb,.rf;umefh OBq h o gf qfq h MbawMbuefvudk v hf rfb rD;ykdefh=Uwmif;arM erfhuwfhwmif;cFefb qldOf;eBh wB;vDvAifhqfgzkduf;[Awf;/}
12 Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
INDEPENDENCE ]ylerhf M; 20-30 yD okud ;f wB;,mrfj[Fi;f ,fbg qmOf;clOd ;f n.ebf yBbuMj[kOd /f rlOd jf vAOyf e dl jf [Fi;f yle[hf Of;/ wlejf qf[g ufUqmwfj[Of; nrfbckw d ;f yle d jf / ayM;rmefjyefridl ;f wB;qmifj,kijf qmifjwFubf uef wkud ;f uefue . bf / v.ijf cuf;uBUarMumefrmufjrD;uFebf cFiaf wMboljeBauMj ,MbOMjwB;? awMjxB;auMj nrfbtch odi@f uylO@f ? rav@osLd Of@vBj wB;orfah wylid jf xB;vBjqlid [hf Odk <f / ayM;yAetf cb_xB; vmwfjawMbtwh ulO?f ,mefj? eyf, h rf/ ayM;ayMjvAiw hf ;B vmwfjawMborfh vkdefjeMj vkdefjwM OBUrOfrmif nrfbcfgjeyfh,rf ([Of;[efwB;[Of;qlrf;? cOforfhnrfbqlrf;? nrfbtev.ifjqlrf;)/ v.ifjOBU oqfhqMbawMbuefauMj wB;nrfbckdwf;vM;=bu.efb/ oqfhqMbnrfbrefjukdrf;tvj umef,fgbnrfboljxkdifwDj/ ykdefh=Uwmif;arMeBh zfgrD;vldOfauMj ref;ayhykefj/ nrfbuAOfbulef;erfanb/ odif@uylOf@ rD;=Ofulef; 4 vmefh ayhykefjxB; 60 vmefh/ (ndwfhoa'@vf) rD; 4-5 vmefh ayhykefj rldif;nM@'yfhvBmvBmrldif;v.rfh+yfj 100 vmefhyBm/} ]umefOmif;zFefeBh [Of;wuf;vBj=rfjuefOmif; 10 auMU awMb zljcAef 1 auMUOmif;zFef/ rldOfjwkduf;uefrM;orfh [Of; 1 auMU {jtchcFifb vBjzljcAef 10 auMU/}
nOfcmOf;,mrf;ylu;f y.iuf e l ;f ]umefqldOfhqmwfjeBh wuf;vBjrD;zFefyBm;wkduf; (Strategy_,kxomwfb_r[MydOfb[Mb)/ zlj[myfbumefrldif;? umefokduf;[Of;auMjxkufbvBj vAyfj[Aef;v.ifjyBm;wkduf; qifbaw=Uv.ifjyldefjv.ifj[Of;/ [Of;rD;oif yldefjrD;oif</ (1) xkufbvBjuAyf;+rf c.efjwkrfacMjrkef; iOf;vBm;uljv.ifjv.ifj? erfuMj[kdOf vDuMjeefh/ (2) ndifeldOfvAyfj[Aef;[M+rfrD;rM; acMjrkef; (nDjoifyAefoif wDjvfg rldOfjvfg yAefzfg u.yfjoif qlid fh[kdOf <) eefhao ulef;=Uulef;[efcOf ukrfuefwrf;Omif;zFefumefyBm;wkduf;/ (3) wwf;ruf;cyfhrBmvBm;umefrldOfjvfg awyM;zfg[Awf;oifwDjvfg<} ]uljy.ufjeBh [Of;yBbrD;[Fif;auMj zljcAefwkdufhnlefj/ ,mrf;vAOf zljcAefuFefbcFif? nAef[Fif;[Of;vlwf;,.rf;tvj wuf;vBjnOfcmOf;,mrf;? wkdOfhwmif;aoyluf;y.if (zkduf;o.efzkufbZif) ulef;/ wMbrD;rM; emif;qmrfw.if;eBhvBj nOfcmOf;,mrf; 25 yD/ u.yfjOMjrD;wmif;=U wmif;arM,Of{h jayM;arM[ufq h mwfj[ufrh idl ;f eefah uMj-awvBjzkubf Zif vkujf vmefqidl [hf Odk <f vkujf vmef[Of;q.ibf awrle d [f Of;vBj< qArq f Odl ;f eBuh Mg b {jayM;cOfjv.uf;zFefumefyBm;wkduf;eefh ZBmbvfgaw[Awf;oif< qldifh[kdOf<eefh yAefumefvrfbv.ifj/}
cl;crf;vFif (=pfjzM-trj+ifjo.ef) cl;o.efqefhq.rfxB; efg;uAif;rBbwDjekdifj 18_05_07
yBbz.rthf eu.ebf zf+g efbcfjg q.jB wifjtwbumyfjymefqOfjodOl cf mefbZMUrM; awMbxdik yf mefce k o f mifbwlejf [ki;f eBh nrfb,mrfj ide;f OMj wB;rD;=if;[Ae;f zljn.e=f Of (nefzukd ;f o.euf e l ;f yAez f jl erf;)/ oduk ;f vkuz hf e kd uhf jl y.ujf rle d e f ifbymeferk bf oduk ;f [meftvjoif? ymefyOl bf awbOdibf ,dOk ;f wyfrh mefjv.yB mifYzM;? ylObf r.ibf OMU qOfjwdkef;crf;cOf ,dkOf;wyfhrmefjwDjwmifh,mef;tvjoif? wdlufjwDj yM;rdwfj yM;vFOf; ,dyf;u.ifj,mrf;ulpf;aowMU rD;erfhqfgerfh[wf;wArfxlefj-orfhnrfbrD;erfhuwfh/ ylbr.ebf eBm;,Mjzkubf uMjwlejf rmufb[mufj=OfrM;eefh yAew f Mbvkujf vmefvjB ylpjf udeuf rfjerf/ =Ofe h M;wMole[f Of; ayM;[Of;nrfbuFwbf tc-=UOlO;f ugmB ;awzmifjwOfue d /f nefzw d ;f rM;rdOl jf OM;? ayM;[Of;[M;arMtuj-wuf;yAen f efxuk bf nefre F jf wMbrdOl jf eBrh Old jf zkujf / ayM;[Of;nrfbtevBj v.ifjvlifhvFif;uefz.rfhuef-zfgnrfbcfgjq.Bj[Of;/
qa';anMbawMb (18_05_07)
Shan Herald Agency for News
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14 Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
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INDEPENDENCE
l'yjl6;b ] ty hw 9uh 081-5958830
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15
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vBm;vfg[Awf;{jyAefqmwfjvAOfuef ugmrf;nefOMj qmwfj eBU vkufUwDjxB.j yMbvd qMbwd (Birth) rM;/ wmif;ZBmbyDje.ifh xB; n.efcdlOf;wB;wif;oAifjqfgUwdkOf;rM;wFef;xB.jndif;uvAwf@ nefOMj Nation / ref;rD;acMjwDjy.ifbugmrf;rBm vdkufUvrfb vdlOfxB.jndif;uvAwf@ nefrBmxdkifulef;rdlif; qdlOf;,lbefg;zFefbvdefzdkefvAOfuef? y.ifbOMj g OA f (same ule;f rdil ;f qdOl ;f eBU rD;erfUedik jf qfv consciousness) =rfjwkufU=rfjokufb (okc) q.r;f uefvjB / Omefjrdlif;vkufjedkifj aw,lbv.wfj ,de k jf ,mOf;cde k jf ,fbg rfbg okie f efU ayM;nrfbyM; uef rD;erfUedik jf qfv g OA f =rfjvdy;f =rfjwBmuef vBjqdkif =UawnrfbyAefvBj/ uAOfbvlpfjv.ifjeBU wB;qdlOf;rM;wluf; +wfjefg;rdlif;xB; |qdlOf;,myfjvAyfj[Aef;OMj wB;vli[f Of;wif; wB;eBU. (xB;) yAeq f Old Uf cdOl ;f vAOfuefeefUE rD;v.ifjyFufbqfgyAefy.ufj? vD zdw;f qfyg e A uf rf;? u.yjf OMjule;f xB;urfjerfeUB nrfb[efeOld [f Of;OMjyAeyf jD e.iUf uef ulp;f [ef OMj[Of;yAeyf e ld jf ? qdOl ;f yAeyf jD e.iUf ,mif; r.e;f rmefj cOf,if;nmrf;? ]qdkifOMjolyAefyDje.ifh uef? ,lOfolawqlrf;awMbuef? orfUyAefeB vMb} eBu.efb/
v.ijf wmif;yAee f e B efU ref;auMjrD;wDj yDje.ifUxB;eBU nrfbrdlef[Of;? nrfbnOfqdlOfU cdlOf;edlOfUvdlwfjOMj? nrfbnOfoMoeMOMj? cOfnOfze F bf vdeOf mefjrdil ;f (country) tvj zMoMZdifjtij(language, culture) OMj? nOf=OfqfgOMj/ uAObf vlpjf v.ijf eBU zde k cf mOfb Bangkok Post 19/8/07 vBjnde@ f wdOl @f OdO@f ule;f xB;
qdlOfUcdlOf;tcb qdlOfUcdlOf;ydlOf@oJdLOf@ (Persia) wif; qdlOfUcdlOf;vdlwfjavM;av;cOfao yef acMjrBmqfg OMj cOfnrfbqgjf qdOl Uf cdOl ;f vAOf oMoeMvAOfao orfU,lbq.rf;uefvBj eBU ,.efUrD;nefrdlefuef 4 ydlif¾
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rmifymef-nrfbrD;v.ifjqFufbazqdlOfU cdlOf;uef uAOfbvlpfjwDjnef[myfbudkwfUumef ckeftvj umefOmefjrdlif;? ,.efUeeftvj efg;ulef;vlifxB;,mrf;vAOf vBj[efulef;xB; qdOl Uf cdOl ;f xB;twUtwUrD;anb? yAeq f Old Uf cdOl ;f tcb_r.ef; tvj yBmrD;yM; oMoeMnD@o vrf@ (Islam) rldef=OfyOfj ozM@v.ifj=rfb vlrjf qdOl Uf qmwfj (Council of National Security) ,mrf;vAOf/
v.ijf ofbg qfn g efOMj ,lbxifze F bf vdef vAOfuef (same land, same sense of belonging to it)/ qfUg wdOk ;f zMoM Zdijf tij nefvOA uf ef (e.ujf aoZdijf rmifqOld ;f nefqUfg wdOk ;f efg;yDje.ifhqdlOfUcdlOf;qrfqfguef)/ rD;yBm;OleUf (consciousness) nefvOA f uefOMj awvBj,lb=rfjwkufU=rfjylpfj q.rf;uef/ ef;g yde k ;f rdil ;f xB;eBU e.ujf aormifwe . jf 0:,yl6bdyr]5'y l5oymb [6oyHpi9ytd]boyH =OfyOfj ozM@v.ijf =rfbvlrjf qdOl Uf qmwfj
xuho:'yt9wr oy.r,5b'yrmwr
16 Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
v.ifjyAefrM;eifbeBeBU ,.efUOMjcOf nrfbnOfqdlOfUcdlOf; oMoeM rM;omifjqmwfj (nation-building)? nOfzFefbvdef wif; zMoMZdifjtijrM;omifjqmwfj eefU,OfU/ wDjeBjeBU q.ifbwB; aw,dlifjq.rf;vBj ao[Aw;f ugMbvBjq.r;f M / uAObf vlpjf zFebf vdef twUawvBj,lb? ulpf;uMj zMoM Zdifjtij twU=Uaw,myfb? ,.efUOMj wmif;xB;eBU wifjtwbymefnid ;f uvAwjf Z'ifboAwjf cOfj rM;auMj vBjqfgUnMbeMb qOfja[Mcrf;ao n.ubf rBmrDjOBU {jqfUg vdujf xB; ugmrf;xB;y.w;f umif yAefvdufjugmrf;wmif;umef? [mrfjqfgU_[mrfj[Aef; vdufjwB;,lef; vdufjwB;vmOf;/ ,.efUeef
INDEPENDENCE xdkifrM;ymefrdlOfjvAOf rBmrDjyefncgmifh nek pmwfj [Ae;f vdujf wlOuf Ofb vmwfjugmrf;wlOuf Ofb cde k ;f aowMU n.euf ef,mrfjvdujf xB;ugmrf;xB; ugMb,OfU? e.ufjeefU =Uuef,lbOMj qfgUcdkef; vdufjugmrf;wlOfuOfbaowMU wMbcdkwf;wef; umyfjymefvBj rdlefvdufjxB; ugmrf;xB;eBU nrfbqfjg umefimB j? u.yfjOMj vdufjxB; ugmrf;xB; ndifyMbvd ao yluf;y.ifwlOfuOfbrM;cmOf;wmif;ymufbyDyBm eBU nrfbrD;vdufj_ugmrf;wB;cdlOf;vfg cdkwf;q.rf; vBj? nrfbvdlOfao yDje.ifhrdlif;vmOf; (nef vdw l jf vlr;f cOf nrfbayM;rFejf zDawMb yDje.ihf xB;aowMU) auMj ugmrf;cOftwU ndiuf mg rf;xB; ao ylu;f y.i, f bl wMbaob? awvBjOMj xB;wif; vmOf;eBU qkuf;edlOfvuf;umef ]vdufjwB;zfg ref; ugmrf;wB;=rfjacMj} ndifuef cdkefj,fgb q.rf;uef/
vmOf;cOf nrfby.ifbugmrf;wB;vlif? u.yfjavM; ugmrf;rmefjerf? rdlOfjvAOfeBU cFef;nrfby.ifb ,.eUf OMj wB;vli[f Of; nrfbqfUg xBj. rmefj,OfU aowMU ydefbnOfxB.jrmefjaorM;qfgU? yAufU OMjrD;xB.jxB;xB.jvmOf;,lbaowMU nrfbnOf rM;qfgU? zfgnOfrM;qfgUauMjte;OMj ref;udef -Dj xB;/ ulpf;uMjOlefUnOfvDvD? wMbwB;aw omifjqmwfjwlOfuOfbeBU ayM;nrfbndifugmrf; xB; ugmrf;vmOf; q.ifbawvBj? / ugmrf;w.yfb twUOMj qmifjvBj,lb? ulpf;awemef;vBj? rmifzOfbawemef;oFefemef;? omifjqmwfj nefOMjeBU ref;rD;wDj erfUuwfUydlifvAOf? rD;wDj=Ofqfg? ayM;OMj=OfqfgcdlOf;wB;wif;vBm qrfuefauMjawqAOf;[Awf;vBj eefU,OfU/ wMb=Ofqfg[Of;qrfuefeefUauMj [ef OMjxkufbvDqfgUwdkOf; vuf;umef (principle)
xuho:'] ty K;yr oyr. ,5'b ry ]K;yr
efg;rdlif;wB;twU ymefqOfjZMU rdlOfj ndif;uvAwfj,if;yBbrM;eefU nOfvdufjwB; ugmrf;wB;yAef,fgbrM;aowMU OBm;ndif;uvAwfj rM; ndi;f uvAwjf orfUnOfumg rf;cOfwif; vdujf _ ugmrf;rmefj yAefzMoMwmif;umef (official language) rM;? xdkifrM;ymefu.ef;acMorfU nrfb,.rf;ndifugmrf;xB; ugmrf;vmOf; orfUrM; ndifugmrf;rmefjao yluf;y.ifvdufj[Of; ugmrf; [Of;/ qifbOMj rdlOfjn.efwmif;eBU yDje.ifhxB;
nefOMj ]vdujf wB;zfrg ef; ugmrf;wB;=rfjacMj}? ayM;OMjugmrf;wB; ndifugmrf;xB;_vmOf; ao ylu;f y.iuf Mg bqdik f nrfb[dik o f if xkiUf trjerfUc.if eBU awyAefxkifUugmrf;wB;ugMbrlwf;? wMbaw [Awf;umefuMU [Awf;umefudefqmifj [Awf;umef vAifUwlOfwif;oAifj awvBjndif ugmrf;wB;? yDje.ifUrmefj,if;awOMj ayM;arMugmrf;wB; auMj rde l af rMugmrf;xB;_vmOf;_vdOk Uf (ody;f o.if yef;eM;),OfUeBaoawyM;uef[e A ;f vdujf wB; ugmrf;wB;rM;vl;u.efb/
,.eUf ugmrf;wB;vlif cde k jf ,fbg cdw k ;f zAibf rM; tvj orfUrD;z.ef;vDxFifj? [Awf;{jzMoM tvjqmwfjwB;vmOf;wB;xB; refjudkrf;,dkef; ,mOf; cdkefjrdlefomrfcMuAif;/ qlOfj[Of;,if;wdkufUxlpfjqfg,lbeBU n.efuefofgbqfgOlefUc.yfjvDvD? oAefjwmif; zdwf; nef[Of;[M;yBrM;eBU olqOfj,Mbay cfjg okyd bf yBxiF jf ? ref;yAev f mB ;wMbqBj. {jwB;vlif [Of;qAOf;[Bm qAOf;uB. ulpf;nrfbqfgj ,if;aw yAefyM;vBm;nD;{jxB;vmOf;uB.[BmyM;vl;u.efb/
ylrw f rfbwBj. (Inferiority Complex) rD;,lbOef;edkifj ylefUrM;nrfb[dkifnrfb emef;? vBjugMb,Arjf =if;[Ae;f wB; nefqUfg ugmrf; ndif;uvAwfjyAefvuf;ao o.efumefrdlif;? vkujf [Ae;f urfjerfqOld ;f [Ae;f ,lbeBU rdOl jf twb rM;rf g b nrf b ayM;[wf ; vmwf j ug m rf ; nd i f ; u vAwfj? rdlOfjvAOftwU n.efuef[wf;vmwfj [wf;qM [wf;cOfjtujumifulef;vkrfjZMUrM;? yAefwMbulef;rdlif;wB; awvBjydkifjndifqfg,fgb rdlOf;eMj,lb/ ulpf;uMj,if;rD;urfjz.ifj qdlOf;nef ,difj[Aef;,difjxB.vif? ,difj=wf;cOfjumyfb nFi;f ti; nefcOfomifjOBU[if;ulp;f ? ,dijf [dik f ,dijf nrfb[wf;vmwfjao vFyjf [mifj,dijf ,lb ,difjwkdOf ,difjelufbugMb/ yuf;ZmifvufceM eifbeBeBU wmif; yBm;qfg +ifUOMj ylrw f rfbwBj. (inferiority complex)? ulef;yAefylrfwrfbwB.jeefU nrfbrdlef ule;f nrfbrD;rMbe? cOfwe kd ;f OBUwlOw f rfba,Mj? ref;rdlef=OfwOfb=wf;cOfju.uf;/ nrfb[wf;vmwfj[wf;qM? ,difj,lbefg; tujule;f [wf;vmwfj[wf;qM ,dijf [Aw;f {jref;=wf;ugMbwdu;f wdu;f / 他 nrfb[wf;cOfjtujn.ufbumifydlefj/ 他 xkubf yde l jf xwf;omif[Okd f umefnrfbyAef auMj wkrfUwdlOfUqfgylefUwDjylefUvFef/ 他 rmifauMU=wf;yleUf wDjao ugMbyAeu f e l ;f wd k O f ul e f ; [Mvd l i f j ul e f ; nl e f u Of ; ulef;omifjyef[M? ulef;OMje.ef;o.efiBmj ,Ae;f yAeuf e l ;f OMj,mufjo.e, f myfbugMb/ 他
Shan Herald Agency for News
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k nefye A rf M;eifbeBeUB auMj rD;v.ijf wmif;ref; wlpf;wdkefjwkdefjtwU awvBjte; v.ifjxmefjulef;nrfbrldefydlefj-odlOfj clOl ;f ide k ;f w.i;f erfUuwfU nrfbyAi;f yde l jf / ¾ wlp;f vdu k Uf vduk Uf orfh ykwUf xqOfjauMj OMj ref;rD;wDjqfgulpf;? ykefjwMbqdlOf; arMOBUqfe g UB qdOl Uf cdOl ;f odOl jf clO;f ide k ;f crf; erfU uwfUwluf;wFrfbeefU nrfbqfgjcdlifjudwfbcgmif oAefjwmif;cdkefj,fgbrfgbokifcOf/ ¾
ayM;ylrw f rfbwBj. rD;wDjqfg wuf;vBj,lwf;,MwDjqfg awvBj,MqlOd Uf [dOk f
Jackson eufU+ifUqdO k jf =if[mif;wlOjf vkrjf ZMU ukrbf tr;eMjwdu;f wdu;f tvj rdOl jf vAOcf Ofjtuj n.ufbumifydlefj,myfb/
ref;eefU yAe[f iF ;f ole;f qfw g Ol uf Ofb{jcwf;qfg eifb[dkOfawylefUydlefj? qifbyAefrM;q.rfodkuf; nefqdkOfj,fgb=if[mif;efg;vkrfjZMU/
rmifqdlOf; yAefv.ifjnefvFufjvBmjvBj? rdlefeifbv.ifjyAefulef;zmef-nrfbrD; erfUuwfU-qdOl Uf cdOl ;f [Of;wlu;f yAecf jD cMjyde l jf ? qldOf;eBU wuf;vBjwifjqfg cwf;qfgtr;? nrfb wmyfj=efxB.=wf;okwfUvif/
xkubf vBj=UOMj yde l jf =Uyde l jf arMvdOl [f Of; aowMU qdOl ;f nrfb=UnrfbarMyAi;f [Of; auMjrD;? wuf;vBjnOfnef[Of;=UarMvdOl yf e ld jf eefU yAen f e A [f iF ;f [Of;? nef[Of;yBb=UyBbarM - vD=UvDarMeefUorfh wuf;vBjvAyfj[Aef; eifbuMjy.iyf e A v f jB wMbqfUg wdOk ;f yAez f e . ;f vD ugMb/
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rmifauMU nOfvu. jf nlejf [Of; yAen f e A f [Fif; wMbcdkefj,fgb? rdlefeifb eylOf@ v,.i@f (Napoleon, 1769-1821) eBU yAef ule;f wFrbf nFu;f yAeq f mOf;cdOl ;f n.ebf ef;g Z'ifb oAwjf (France)? ref;eBUnOfvi. jf wlu;f wFrbf ¾
wuf;vBj,.rf;[yfUzOMU (condition) wlOuf Ofb? udw l bf yAeuf e l ;f zmef qdOl Uf cdOl ;f [Of;wlu;f wFrbf qArq f Old ;f eBU nrfbqfjg v.ijf nef acbO.wbf nOf[mB yFwjf vBj/ ¾
v.u;f nlejf rmifqOld ;f eBU nrfbvFujf vBmj vBj? ayM;cdkifvFufjvBjaw[BmUvdlOfuOfb? wlO, f mifb- ulw d bf rM;yAeuf e l ;f zdOrf w kd ;f zdOf vrfeefU nrfbvFufjvBmjvBj? ayM;nrfb[yfU vBjv.ijf eBU awwkuUf cvBmvBm rde l f Michael ¾
d.K,yrdxyrm6dyjo:dyh,5b'yr In life, what you resist persists.
]idil thf Ojydil v f gf nrfbyleUf vBjydil e f efU} (idil thf Ojodibf vfg nrfbyleUf vBjodibf eefU) Werner Esherd, The Heart of a Leader
18 Vol. 24, No. 237, 2007
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wuf;vBjcwf;qfg wAuf;yFwfj qfgulOfqfg qif;edOl f qdOl ;f nefce F bf vdOl [f Of;? wuf; vBjzduk ;f yde k tf zbrAwUf wMb yefwOl uf Ofbtvj edOl yf e ld jf /
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wuf;vBjrD;v.ifj,krfb,rf aoydlifydlif eFefjeM? qdlOf;nefrD;v.ifj,krfb,rf oMoeM nrfbeef OMbw aoydlifydlifeefU ef;g zOMUwlOuf OfbyAe[f Okd rf M;auMj wde k ;f nrfbrD; qf, g r. ;f umefUawMboljyde l jf vBj/ wMbwB;awomifjqmwfj (building a nation) eefU ayM;wB;nrfbyleUf vBjylrw f rfb wBj. nefeUB nrfbqmifjnOfZefrM;[Aw;f yAef twUvBj/ wdkef;,Mb,.rf;umefUedlOfqfgckpfj qfw g rF bf wlOuf OfbeefUwMUwB;/ ¾
qBm;crf;qrfj (19_9_07)
INDEPENDENCE
uM UuldOf;wGef;/ eGef;uldOf;nkefb You trade because you wish for profit You sleep because you wish for warmth
tjrwfar#mfu;dk vk‹d ukeu f ;l / aEG;axG;r+ar#mfu;dk vk‹d tdypf uf
d.K,yr9C9yh wB;vlif (wB;wfgj) [Of;eBU [Of;wlpf;wlOf[Of;twU vFyfjqdkOfjqfgjeFefb qldifheifbvmwfjrM;vdlefylefU/ ulpfjuMjefg;oBmwMyDje.ifhxB;_ vmOf;cOftwU qdlOf;[Of;uMjcfgjqfgvrfvl;ter.ufj[kdOfauMj wdkef;rdlefrmefjwif;ykwf;wif;wFifj/ e.ufjaoeefU nefvDyFufbqfgcOfeMbeBU u.yfj[Of;nrfb,.rf; (y.ifbqfg) cOfjqfgvBm;ydlefjOlefU[efedlOf[Of;/ wluf;wM[Of;uAyf;nOfugmrf;rmefjaorM;qfgU nrfbeef ydefbnOfugmrf;rmefjrdlefeifb oabmayguf yAef (y.ifbqfg) pdwf0ifpm; yAef (cOfjqfg) eBU orfUOMjqdkOfjqfgeMb/ wB;rdlif;xB;cOf wB;rdlif;vmOf;cOforfUqfgU oabmayguf yAef (cOfjqfg) pdwf0ifpm; yAef (olefqfg) orfUte;uefOMj udef –Dj xB;_vmOf; cfgj,Aef;yAefxB;_vmOf;uef/ rmifzOfb nefOMj[Of;yAefyDje.ifhuefeBU yAefugmrf;vdlrfjugmrf;udlrfjuefulpf;/ wDjtwUref; [Of;cfgj,Aef;yAefrmefjulpf;[dkOf? yDje.ifh xB;_vmOf; nef=U[ef[Of;eefU OlefU,myfbOBU,lb/ vb'ry d]G9hy Barricade Barrier Barter
base, basis (noun)
Base (verb)
Base (adjective) Bashful Basin Bask Bastard
mwr ⌫ ⌫ ⌫
lG'yv:dyj odifbudwfbcgmif? odifbuefU odifbudwfbcgmif? odifbuefU vFujf yvAebf odecf M;h
⌫ ⌫
zde k ;hf xmef? \mufUxmef? vufbxDUrefU Omif;\mufUxmef? wifv h ufb wrfbcsM;h? csefh;wrfb nBm@ nmifb? nmifberfh; wmufbWFwfb ([BUnkefb) vkufUrBUrD@azMU
9wr;kh mwh: 9wrvoy0T.y p5j odifbudwfbcgmif? odifbuefj neft[Unefuifj odifbudwfbcgmif? odifbuefj neft[Unefuifj vFujf yAebf odeuf MU vFufjclOf;uMUclOf;cBm (nrfbnOfidkef;odkOfUcBmuef) yde k Uf xmef? ydkefUcmrfb? [mufjxmef? iOfjcmrfb? vuf;wDjrefj yde k Uf vuf;wDjrefjwyfU Omif;[mufjxmef? Omif;iOfjcmrfbydkefU? wifjvuf; wifjiOfjcmrfbydkefU wrfbqMU? qefUwrfb wrfba,Mj? qefUwFrfb nBm nBm nmifb? nmifberfU nmifbqvkifb wmufbvFwfb ({jnkefb) n.rbf vFwbf vkufjnrfbrD;ayMj Shan Herald Agency for News
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