Prac survey 2 for civil

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻀﺆﺳﺎﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻎﻢ اﻟﻔﻚﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻀﻬﻚﻲ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1424 

 ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫? א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬













  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ،‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 {{{‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻀﺆﺳﺎﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻎﻢ اﻟﻔﻚﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻀﻬﻚﻲ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬‫א‬

Ù¡

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù€  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬%١٠٠‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  Kٚ  W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K J ٢ 

-Ù¡-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(Theodolite )‫א‬١J Ù¡ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J Ù¡  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£

 K‫א‬ J Ù€

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ÙŠ

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣–١ {  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 {‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEÙ¡J Ù¡F‫א‬،E‫א‬FEWild T2F‫א‬

         

-Ù¢-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                        T2WEÙ¡J Ù¡F

  

-Ù£-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡ K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ÙŠ

K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù§

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ùš

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù© K‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠ KJ ١١

K‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢

K‫א‬J ١٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ـ

K‫א‬J ١٥

 K‫א‬J ١ي K‫א‬J ١٧

K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡Ùš

K‫א‬‫א‬J ١٩

K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٠

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ـ

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ي

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEÙ¢J Ù¡FTribrach ‫א‬‫א‬J 

      

‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ¢J Ù¡F



 W‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬–  W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FK ‫א‬ J  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WAlidade E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFJ Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬

-Ù¥-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¥

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬400F‫א‬‫א‬360E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J ÙŠ

‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬J Ù§ ‫א‬‫א‬EE  ‫א‬F ‫א‬F‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WTelescope E‫א‬F‫א‬–  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEÙ£J Ù¡F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ£J Ù¡F

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J -ÙŠ-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEÙ€J Ù¡FTripod‫א‬‫א‬–        ‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ€J Ù¡F  ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬EF J ‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F

 WShipping case ‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEÙŠJ Ù¡FE٥J Ù¡F 

 

‫א‬WEÙ¥J Ù¡F  

‫א‬WEÙŠJ Ù¡F

-Ù§-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ـJ Ù¡  W  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ J  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬–

 K‫א‬–  K‫א‬–

 WCentering ‫א‬– ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W(Center with the Plumb Bob)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-Ùš-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

‫א‬EAFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K ‫א‬،EAF

‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  KE‫א‬FEAF‫א‬‫א‬

F EAF‫א‬ J Ù£ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E   K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WCentering with the centering Rod‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

KEÙ§J Ù¡F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ§J Ù¡F

  

-Ù©-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،EAF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬180O‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 W(Centering with the Optical Plummet) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  W‫א‬‫א‬ EAF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

 ‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J Ù£ (A)‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬٢،١‫ א‬J Ù¡

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EAF‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£

K‫א‬ J Ù£

- ١٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(Levelling)‫א‬–  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  EÙ¡J ÙšJ Ù¡F‫א‬‫א‬K  EFEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFEF‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬EF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  KEÙ¢J ÙšJ Ù¡F‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£ ‫א‬‫א‬EF،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEÙ£J ÙšJ Ù¡FK‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€ KEÙ€J ÙšJ Ù¡FEF‫א‬‫א‬E3F

‫א‬ WEÙšJ Ù¡F



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F - ١١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬

 W (Focusing)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEÙ©J Ù¡FReticle Cross Hairs ‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢  





   

‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ©J Ù¡F



 WE١٠J Ù¡FTarget Image Focusing ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     ‫א‬WE١٠J Ù¡F

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 K ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  WE‫א‬F(Sighting) ‫א‬–

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(Horizontal Circle Reading) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡ E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KK‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢ - ١٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬0.01‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

E١١J Ù¡FE‫א‬400F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ـ

EJ ١١J Ù¡F    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE  ١١J Ù¡F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¥

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 105Grad ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 Kgrad 00.8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K00.224grad ‫א‬‫א‬ J J

J J

‫א‬‫א‬WE١١J Ù¡F

- ١ـ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



105.000 000.8000 000.0224 105.8224 grad

 

 105.8224 gradW

 KE‫א‬400F‫א‬E360F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ÙŠ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J Ù¡F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

10‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬1‫א‬،94Z‫א‬‫א‬ K244Z‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J Ù¡F



 W‫א‬‫א‬ ï‹Š 940000 ï‹Š 001000 ï‹Š 00244 ï‹Š 941244

- ١٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

‫א‬‫א‬KE  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Wْ 00 َ 00 ً ٣٠=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J Ù¡

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  KE30 =‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬Fَ 0 ٣٠ ً E‫א‬‫א‬

E =‫א‬F ْ 00‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£  K‫א‬EZ‫א‬‫א‬Fَ 0‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ْ 00 َ 00 ً ٣٠=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 WFace LeftW‫א‬‫א‬–١ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 WFace Right‫א‬‫א‬–٢ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J - ١ي -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WVertical Circle ReadingW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E١٣J ١F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

180‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJ ١٣J Ù¡F‫א‬J Ù¡

‫א‬270‫א‬‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬180،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJ ١٣J Ù¢F‫א‬J Ù¢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJ ١٣J Ù£F‫א‬J Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬270‫א‬‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 180‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣J Ù¡F



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J

- ١٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬



 WEÙ¡F  ‫؟‬EF‫א‬E{{{F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١ـJ Ù¡FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WE١ـJ Ù¡F



E ،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£ F‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FEF‫א‬J Ù€

‫א‬ ‫א‬، E‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

00 ْ 00 َ 30 ً ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 00 ْ 00 َ ً30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¥

 KEF‫א‬(A)‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- Ù¡Ùš -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEÙ¡J Ù¡FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ÙŠ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

KEF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬40 ْ 23 َ 10 ً  KEÙ¡J Ù¡F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،،F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J Ù§ ،135 ْ َ 59 05 ً (C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EÙŠF

 KEÙ¡J Ù¡F00 ْ 00 َ 33 ً (A)،288 ْ َ 04 14 ً (D)

180 ْ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬J Ùš

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 180 ْ E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

180 ْ َ 35 00 ً ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (6)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF

EF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬‫א‬E،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù©  K(6)‫א‬‫א‬

26 ْ 22 ً 12 ً EF،315 ْ ً 01 06 ً EF،108 ْ َ14 04 ً EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180 ْ َ 30 00 ً EF

 KEÙ¡J Ù¡FF

‫א‬EFE،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠  KE١٥J Ù¡F‫א‬        - ١٩ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥J Ù¡F

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬EF‫א‬E،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ¡J Ù¡F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ù¡ÙšÙ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬  Ù¢

 =‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬

HE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FH E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 EE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  2  ْ 00 00 َ ً 30 =َ 00 ً 30+َ 00 ً 30 + 00 ْ = E–F‫א‬‫א‬ 2

ْ 22 40 َ 11 ً = 22 َ 10 ً + 22 َ 12 ً + 40 ْ = E–F‫א‬‫א‬ 2

ْ 135 َ 00 06 ً = 05 َ 59 ً + 06 َ 01 ً + 135 ْ = EJ F‫א‬‫א‬ 2 ْ 288 َ 04 14 ً = 14 َ 04 ً + 14 َ 04 ً + 388 ْ = EJ F‫א‬‫א‬ 2

 ْ 00 00 َ 34 ً =00 َ 33 ً +00 َ ً 35 + 00 ْ =EJ F‫א‬‫א‬  2  - ٢٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 21 40 َ 41 ً = 00 ْ َ 00 30 ً -40 ْ َ 11 11 ً = ^1EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 43 94 َ 49 ً = 40 ْ 33 َ 11 ً - 135 ْ َ 00 06 ً = ^2EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 153 َ 04 08 ً = 135 ْ َ 00 06 ً - 288 ْ َ 04 14 ً = ^3EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 46 71 َ 30 ً = 288 ْ َ 04 14 ً - (00 ْ 00 َ 34 ً + 360 ْ ) = ^4EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 360 ْ َ 04 00 ً = 4^+3^+2^+ 1^ =EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 . 360 ْ =‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬400 F360–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬  00 ْ 00 َ 04 ً + = 360 ْ َ 00 00 ً – 360 ْ َ 04 00 ً =‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 1ï‹Š J Z4ï‹Š Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  4  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W 

E‫א‬F‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 40 ْ 21 َ 40 ً = 00 ْ 00 َ 01 ً - 40 ْ 21 َ 41 ً =‫א‬1^‫א‬‫א‬

 94 ْ 43 َ 48 ً = 00 ْ 00 َ 01 ً - 94 ْ 43 َ 49 ً =‫א‬2^‫א‬‫א‬

 153 ْ َ 03 08 ً = 00 ْ 00 َ 01 ً - 153 ْ َ 04 08 ً =‫א‬3^‫א‬‫א‬  71 ْ 46 َ 29 ً = 00 ْ 00 َ 1 ً - 71 ْ 46 َ 30 ً =‫א‬4^‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   360 ْ =‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   1L‫א‬ Wild T2L‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 1ï‹Š ‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬

‫א‬

 





 



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

000 00 30 180 00 30 040 22 10 220 22 12

  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





























































































































 







 







 



































































‫א‬



Z





 Z‫א‬



135 05 59 315 06 01 288 14 04 108 14 04 000 00 33 180 00 35

 EÙ¡J Ù¡F     - ٢٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬ J Ù¢  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KJ Ù¡

 KJ Ù¢

 KE‫א‬FJ ٣  (Measuring of vertical angles) W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Automatic index)E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E90 ï‹Š F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wild T2‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E‫א‬F–‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    - ٢ـ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EÙ¢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،،،F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W

 K‫א‬EÙ¢F،EÙ¡F‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEÙ¢J Ù¡F‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬–  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£  KEF‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬K941449

‫א‬‫א‬E،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù€

 EF،854406‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ£F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬874434EF933305

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬180‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ J Ù¥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬180‫א‬  2674442EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ£F‫א‬  KEF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ÙŠ 2663635EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ£F‫א‬‫א‬

 K265 ï‹Š 4401EF2741540EF

E،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬

K‫א‬E،،،F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù§   - ٢٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  KE

 KE١يJ Ù¡FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–90Z‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬100ZE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 270 ï‹Š –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬300–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F1L2Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١يJ Ù¡F - ٢ي -



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EÙ¢J Ù€F ‫א‬E،،،F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ¢J Ù¡F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

14 َ 49 ً - 90 ْ 00 َ 00 ً =‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- 90 ْ =‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  4ْ 14 َ 49 ً - = 94 ْ  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬FEF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ً - 265 00 ْ َ 51 44 ً = 270 ْ -‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZE

َ 09 ً - = 270 ْ َ 00  4ْ 15  E‫א‬‫א‬F(B)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 15 4 َ 54 ً + = 85 ْ 44 َ 06 ً - 90 ْ 00 َ 00 ً =

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬F(B)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 15 4 َ 40 ً + = 270 ْ َ 00 00 ً - 274 ْ َ 40 15 ً =

 K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

E?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FœZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 14 04 َ 59 ْ - = ( 04 ْ 14 َ 49 ً + 04 ْ 15 َ 09 ً )Âœ-=

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ْ 15 04 َ 47 ً = ( 04 ْ 15 َ 54 ً + 04 ْ 15 َ 40 ً )Âœ=

 KEÙ¢J Ù€F‫א‬‫א‬     - ٢٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EÙ¢J Ù¡F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 1L‫א‬ Wild T2L‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 1ï‹Š ‫א‬

 ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 



94 14 49

-04 14 49 -04 14 59



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

265 44 51 -04 15 09 85 44 06

04 15 54

 L‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬

 L‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬



 L‫א‬

-03 23 15

274 15 40 04 15 40

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬



 L‫א‬‫א‬ 

 





‫א‬

‫א‬

 Z









 Z













 







 



















































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

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









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









93 29 05

-03 23 05 02 15 22

266 96 35 -03 23 25 87 44 34

‫א‬ 

02 15 26

‫א‬

272 15 18 02 15 18





‫א‬

2.00‫א‬ 

 - Ù¢Ùš -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù£ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù€

- ٢٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£

 K‫א‬ J Ù€

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ÙŠ

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢ K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡

K‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¢

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  K‫ א‬J ١

K‫א‬ J Ù¢

K‫א‬ J ٣

- ٣٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻀﺆﺳﺎﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻎﻢ اﻟﻔﻚﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻀﻬﻚﻲ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

Ù¢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،(Digital Theodolite)‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KÙ¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KÙ¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KÙ£

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K4  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¡ K J Ù¢

 K‫א‬ J ٣ 

    - ٣١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W(Digital Theodolite) ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¢

 KEF‫א‬ J Ù£  W‫א‬‫א‬٢–٢  KE‫א‬F‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù€

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FK‫א‬

 KEÙ¡J Ù¢FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEÙ¡J Ù¢F

 

 KDT 600‫א‬‫א‬EF 

- ٣٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 WEÙ¡J Ù¢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ J Ù¡

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J Ù¢

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù£

 K‫א‬ J Ù€

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ J Ù¥

 K‫א‬‫ א‬J ÙŠ

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ùš

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù©

 KEÙ¢J Ù¢FK‫ א‬J ١٠

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 K‫א‬ J ١٢

 K‫א‬ J ١٣

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J ١ـ

 K‫א‬ J ١٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J ١ي

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¡Ùš

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٩

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J ٢٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢١

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J ٢٢  KE‫א‬F‫א‬ J ٢٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ـ

K‫א‬ J ٢٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                  ‫א‬EÙ¡J Ù¢F

 EÙ¢J Ù¢F

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

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEÙ£J Ù¢F‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¡

 KEÙ€J Ù¢FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F(R14/C)‫ א‬J Ù¢ KEÙ¥J Ù¢F‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù£ 

 EÙ¥J Ù¢F  ‫א‬

EÙ€J Ù¢F  

 EÙ£J Ù¢F  ‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  WCentering W‫א‬–  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  KEÙŠJ Ù¢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  EÙ§J Ù¢FK‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£

KEÙšJ Ù¢F         

‫א‬WEÙšJ Ù¢F  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬WEÙ§J Ù¢F  ‫א‬

 WEÙŠJ Ù¢F   ‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬–



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡

KEÙ©J Ù¢F‫א‬    

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٠J Ù¢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢       

WE١٠J Ù¢F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١١J Ù¢F‫א‬      

WE١١J Ù¢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٠‫א‬ J Ù€  KE١٢J Ù¢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٣٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  



 

‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢J Ù¢F



 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٠‫א‬J Ù¥

 W‫א‬‫א‬{E١٣J Ù¢F

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٩٠‫א‬–  K‫א‬ 



 

 WE١٣J Ù¢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ÙŠ  K‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù§ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ - Ù£Ùš -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KEÙ£F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ùš  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE١ـJ Ù¢FE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬–      WE١ـJ Ù¢F  ‫א‬‫א‬

  

‫א‬E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£ ‫א‬‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù€    

- ٣٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W   K ON‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢ 

 KE١٥J Ù¢FEF‫א‬

     

  ‫א‬WE١٥J Ù¢F



 KE١يJ Ù¢FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£         ‫א‬WE١يJ Ù¢F

    

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

F‫ א‬J Ù¢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E E

F‫ א‬J ٢

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£ K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¢

 KEF‫א‬ J Ù¢

 W{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢  K‫א‬J Ù¡

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J Ù¢

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù£  K‫א‬J Ù€

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬J Ù¥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻀﺆﺳﺎﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻎﻢ اﻟﻔﻚﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻀﻬﻚﻲ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬

Ù£

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ KÙ¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬ KÙ¢  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K١ي  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬KÙ¡  K KÙ¢

         

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W١J Ù£

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٢J Ù£  W‫א‬١J ٢J Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ EÙ£J Ù¡FEFEÙŠF،EÙ¥F‫א‬ – Ù¡ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 EÙ¡J Ù£F

 K‫א‬EÙ§F،EÙ§F‫א‬‫א‬–٢

‫א‬ ‫א‬  EÙ€F،EÙ£F ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  EÙ¢F   – Ù£  KEÙ§F،EÙ§F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ – Ù€  KEÙšF،EÙšF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EÙšF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ – Ù¥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  KE٣–٢FE–F‫א‬–١



 EÙ£J Ù¢F

 KEFEFE?F–٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣

 K EF‫א‬EF–ـ

 K‫א‬‫א‬–٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E?F‫א‬E?F‫א‬ – ÙŠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬

KEÙ£J Ù£F‫א‬ 

  EÙ£J Ù£F



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J Ù¢J Ù£  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ J Ù¡  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ـ٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬      

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،EÙ¡ÙšÙ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J Ù¢J Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –١  KEÙ£J Ù€F



 EÙ£J Ù€F - Ù€Ùš -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ –٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  – Ù£  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –ـ

‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬              

- ـ٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J Ù£

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EÙ£J Ù¥FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ (A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (C`)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K(γ)‫א‬‫א‬ 

D C` C

‫א‬‫א‬

‫ اﻟﻀﻎﻞ‬‫א‬ B

   

γ D L2

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

L1 ф A

         





 EÙ£J Ù¥F - ٥٠ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(γ)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬(D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D=??

  

L2



L1

 

ф

 

A



D² = (L1)² + (L2)² - 2 . L1 . L2 . COSф

: ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻀﺜﻠﺚ‬(γ) ‫א‬‫א‬ D

B γ

Tan (γ) = D/B γ= Tan –¹(D/B)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZD

 ‫א‬‫א‬ZB     - ٥١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣J ١F

 W ï‹œ ‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬γ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EÙ£J Ù¥F‫א‬

EL1F‫א‬‫א‬{25ZEBF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬8{10ZEL2F‫א‬‫א‬

 KE00º15`30"F‫א‬  W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬{EDF‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¡ D² = (L1)² + (L2)² - 2 . L1 . L2 . COSф  D² = (10)² + (8)² - 2 . 10 . 8 . COS(00º 15` 30")  D = 2m  WEγF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢ Tan (γ) = D/B γ= Tan –¹(2/25) γ= 4º 34` 26"              - ٥٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¢ 

- ٥٣ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù¡

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J Ù¢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫ه‬

–‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬ J Ù¡  E‫א‬‫א‬

 E

 ‫א‬K

 ‫א‬ J Ù¢

‫א‬–‫א‬F  E‫א‬



 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù£

 ‫א‬KK

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù€

 KK

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J Ù¥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬

E‫א‬–‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? J ÙŠ  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J Ù§

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ J Ùš  ‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J Ù©  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠  ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

–?‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬K

E.W. Steel Terence J. McGhee Joseph E. Bowles I.S. Dunn L.R. Anderson F.W. Kiefer J.S. Foster R. Harington S.W. Nunnally U.S. Department of Transportation John W. Clark Warren Viessman Mark Hammer

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬ Water Supply and Sewerage J ١ـ

Physical

and Geotechnical J ١٥  Properties of Soils Fundamentals of Geotechnical J ١ي  Analysis Structure and Fabric ( part 2 ) J ١٧ Construction

Methods and J Ù¡Ùš  Management Highway Materials J ١٩  Engineering Module IV : Aggregates and Unbound  Bases Water Supply and Pollution J ٢٠ Control 

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 ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 

..................................................................................................................................................................  ..................................................................................................................................................................  Ù¡ ................................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ Ù¢ ................................................................................................................... W(Theodolite )‫א‬١J Ù¡ Ù¢ ........................................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J Ù¡ Ù¢ ........................................................................................................................................ W‫א‬‫א‬٣–١ Ùš ........................................................................................................................................ W‫א‬ـJ Ù¡ ٣١ ............................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٢ ............................................................................................................................. W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J Ù¢ ٣٢ ............................................................................................................................. W‫א‬‫א‬٢–٢ ٣٢ ................................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢ ــ ....................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ـ٥ ................................................................................................................................................. W١J Ù£ ـ٥ ................................................................................................................................... W‫א‬٢J Ù£ ـ٥ ........................................................................................................................... W‫א‬١J ٢J Ù£ ـ٧ ................................................................................................................ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J Ù¢J Ù£ Ù€Ùš .......................................................................................................... W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J Ù¢J Ù£ ٥٠ .................................................................................................................. W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J Ù£ ٥٥ ............................................................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬

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      

      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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