2021 - 2022
Dear Reader, this is the third edition of the BT Bundle. This publication was compiled by the MSc Building Technology Track at the Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft. The BT Bundle showcases different theses by our graduates. This document includes work from students graduated during the academic year 2021 - 2022. We would like to thank all the students who took the time to create their Thiscontributions.compilation illustrates the large variety of the field of Building Technology. The interdisciplinary topics investigated by the graduates include wooden structures, robotic integration, computational design, climate design, transparent structures and many Furthermore,more. we hope that you as a reader will gain more insight into the master track of Building technology and might be inspired by the diverse projects and subjects.
Rethinking shape, manufacturing process & assembly system by Anurag Sonar Just Glass. Development of a Topology Optimization Algorithm for a Mass- Optimized Cast Glass Component. by Anna Maria Koniari
p. 20 p. 21 p. 22 p. 23 p. 24 p. 25 p. 26 p. 27 p. 28 p. 29 p. 30
Renovation of Proteus Eretes: A nearly zero energy building with high indoor environmental quality by Irum Faisal
A Participatory Design Game for Social Housing Configuration in the context of Manaus, in Brazil by Vasilka Espinosa Houscaper: Developing a tool for easy access of architectural polygonization using the Boolean Marching Cubes Algorithm by Solkyu Park p. 06 p. 07 p. 08 p. 09 p. 10 p. 11 p. 12 p. 13 p. 14 p. 15 p. 16 p. 17 p. 18 p. 19
The use of thin glass in heritage window glazing; testing different design concepts by Karin Backer RE-Facade Glass Panels made by Construction & Demolition Recycled Glass by Isidora Matskidou RE-Loop Transparency Exploring the potential of combining circularity and transparency in an insulated glass unit by Sofia Kouvela Product development of hybrid glass blocks
Minimal renovation strategies for lowtemperature heating with optimal comfort by Nienke Smit
Flex-Holz, A timber floor system guided by a grading tool that increases circularity by Sjoerd van Hedel Timber-Glass Curtain Wall: An embodied carbon, structural and thermal performance study for timber and glass bonded with structural silicone by Mariana Georgoulopoulou Wood-Based 3D Printing by Christopher Bierach Cellulose & Lignin in AM Potential and challenges in the fabrication of structural nodes for free-form building envelope structures by Alexsander Alberts Coelho Aligning the wood grain to the flow of forces by Felipe Lopez Taverne Sprong van Hout (The leap of timber) by Jun Wen Loo The design of a modular and reusable biocomposite railway footbridge by Diederik Jilderda
Table of Contents
Building Design Approaches and Performance Under Predicted Climate Conditions by Kwan-Lin Wang
The case of the refugee settlements of Alexandra’s Avenue in Athens, Greece by Nikoletta Dimitriou Thermal comfort for multi-functional use in monumental buildings Case-study Stevenskerk in Nijmegen by Franziska Mack
Roof external structural reinforcement strategy by Vicente Blanes Bioreceptive Habitats Engineering a bioreceptivity-oriented design strategy through digita and physical experimentation by Dimitrios Ntoupas Controlled Environment Agriculture to Renovation Bio-base Materials from Element to Global Scale by Sarah Hoogenboom Systematic Integration Of Urban Farming Into Urban Metabolisms by Eren Gozde Anil Integrated bio-inspired Design by AI: Using cell structure patterns to train an AI model to explore topology design ideas by Namrata Baruah
An Envelope - for an extension at Proteus Eretes circular, carbon sequestering approach towards zero embodied carbon by Shreyas Vadodaria Planning for the regeneration of listed buildings, for vulnerable social groups, using Zero-Energy and Circular Principles
BT-Bundle |2022
To ensure timber structures’ long and useful service life, adaptability and integration with building services should be considered (Rogeau et al., 2021). A modular, adaptable shape, capable of integrating and replacing building services should be the outcome of this research. Many timber structures are expected to be built. Let’s prevent an environmental disaster of building waste in 2050 by answering the question: What disassembly and manufacturing improvements are necessary for timber floor systems to increase adaptability and circularity for building services in dwellings The aspects to design a fully circular timber are circularity, manufacturing and structural. From the literature research, the following criteria are found that are related to these objectives: Modularity, Simplicity, Disassembly, Adaptability, Density and Slenderness. Summarized these objectives make: Easy Adaptive Reuse. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is used to grade the timber floor systems with the criteria found, the socalled grading tool. The outcome of the grading tool is a ribbed floor that can be disassembled into parts and connected by mechanical or shaped connections. The result is a final prototype by experimental design based on the criteria and improved through surveys. The final product is suitable for the construction industry and fits into mass customization to increase its impact. The engineering part uses the ribs for the ULS and SLS to shape a composite structure. By making a demountable mechanical connection the structure increases its circularity and stiffness, so it takes the best of both worlds.
A timber floor system guided by a grading tool that increases circularity
FlexHolz is a flexible system that increases circularity and is suitable for mass customization.
Design suitable for mass customization
Sjoerd van Hedel2022 Mauro Overend, Gilbert K oskamp & Niels Castelein
CriteriaAssemblyform
GraduationName year
A structure is expected to remain for 30-300 years. Building services are most likely integrated into floors and wear out or become obsolete every 7-15 years (Brand, 1995). Currently, 58% of all timber products are landfilled (Lucas et al., 2017).
the vision: Easy Adaptive Reuse Final CompositeDesignStructure
Flex-HolzTutors
An
Timber-GlassTutors Wall embodied carbon, structural and thermal performance study for timber and glass bonded with structural silicone
Afterwards, the profile goes through a theoretical evaluation of hand calculations and Finite Element Analysis methods. The profile is compared structurally, thermally, and environmentally with the case study and the effect of the composite action, the potential of timber condensation and the amount of embodied carbon emissions produced by the system are identified.
In conclusion, structurally, the fully composite action and the less material implementation can only be achieved if a stiffest silicone will be developed in the future or if a high-performed timber is selected. Thermally, the system developed a risk in residential building application, however in office building cases the required thermal performance was obtained. Environmentally, the developed façade minimized the embodied carbon emissions in half compared to the dry gasket aluminum-timber variation.
Mariana Georgoulopoulou2022 Mauro Overend & Tillmann K lein
The present research investigates the potential of TimberGlass Composites in unitized curtain wall façade applications. Hybrid Aluminum-Timber curtain walls and Timber-Glass Composites are explored, while specific design criteria, timber and adhesive limitations and unique material properties are Adefined.geometry study is conducted though the evaluation of a case study, an under-development hybrid unitized profile by RAICO. Design for disassembly methods are applied and a unitized profile is designed, that incorporates a primary and a secondary timber frame, a structural silicone bond and a double-glazing unit from laminated heat-toughened glass panes. The boundary conditions of the profile consider a theoretical office building case in the Netherlands and all calculations follow the guidelines of the Eurocode 5.
Curtain
Chapters of system evaluation Renders of exterior/ interior of an office building case Final Design | Plan 1. Structure 2. Thermal 3. Embodied carbon 5% 95% Softwood lumber LaminatedSilicone Glass % Material Contribution
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
OVERALL MECHANICAL TESTINGS OVERALL PRINTABILITY TESTINGS MATERIAL PROCESS & GRADING Christopher Bierach2022 Serdar Asut & Ulrich K naack 3D PRINTED WINDOW FRAME 1:1
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Wood-BasedTutors
3D Printing
With a building industry that is responsible for a large amount of our carbon emissions, a rising population, and the overextraction of resources, architects and engineers have the responsibility to use environmentally friendly products. Lignin and cellulose are the most abundant biopolymers on earth and produce a lot of waste by ending up burnt or in landfills. Thus, a great field of research is currently explored with cellulose and lignin waste as an alternative to petrochemical-based products. Coming from the pulping and paper industry, lignin waste could be implemented through the use of an additive manufacturing process to reduce or avoid the necessity to cut trees. Also, 3D printing elements with lignin and cellulose as feedstocks have not yet been explored. Thus, this master thesis aims to promote wood waste as an ecological contributor to the building industry through the use of an additive manufacturing process. This research will be driven by 3D printing a window frame as there is a lack of replacing or enhancing existing window frames. Moreover, large-scale 3D printing companies are faced with the problem that the interface between window frames and 3D printed walls does not perfectly fit within each other. As current fabrication processes to produce building elements are based on flat regular machinery and 3D printing technology is based on curved stacking layers, a perfect connection could only be implemented by 3D printing a window frame. Thus, after understanding the explored limits and possibilities of 3D printing with a wholly bio-based material coming from its waste in regard to mechanical and printability properties, a window frame will be designed and printed as a proof of concept. The final results have shown the potential of 3D print elements in a cold extrusion process with lignin and cellulose in combination with water and methylcellulose.
Potential and challenges in the fabrication of structural nodes for free-form building envelope structures
Alexsander Alberts Coelho2022 Michela Turrin, Ulrich naack & Serdar Asut
CelluloseTutors in
The building stock and the construction industry combined are responsible for a large share of greenhouse gases emissions. At the same time, every year tons of wood, paper and agricultural residues are wasted instead of recycled and upcycled into the production chain. In the fabrication field, the relevance of additive manufacturing processes is constantly growing, allowing for maximum customisation and optimisation of material and energy usage. Lignocellulosic polymers are the most abundant in nature, although meanwhile cellulose is seen as a valuable raw material, lignin is treated as a by-product to be burned and generate energy. Based on the increasing use of both as fibre reinforcements and fillers in feedstocks for additive manufacturing, there is a potential to be explored. The combination of the development of a novel material for an innovative fabrication process such as liquid deposition modelling, is the scope of work presented in this research. The research question was defined as: What are the potential and challenges of a material made of cellulose and lignin as feedstock for additive manufacturing processes in the fabrication of structural nodes for free-form structures? Cellulose and lignin were studied, analysed and manipulated before mixing them with a vast selection of binding agents and additives. The outcome was evaluated according to a preestablished criteria set and documented, and a comparison drawn to define the best and most promising material mixes for additional investigation. From a universe of twelve mixes and numerous iterations for each recipe, four alternatives were picked for further characterisation and determination of their mechanical properties. In parallel, the printability of the material considered as the most promising mix was explored through the extrusion of a sequence of simple geometries and shapes designed to understand and define the most adequate printing parameters. Limitations and challenges were observed and general directions and guidelines were documented. With a complete dataset and overview of this novel biobased and wood-based material for additive manufacturing, a simple structural node was designed. The fabrication of a prototype was used to further enhance the material properties and to clarify its potential and limitations for applications in the construction industry. From the initial material exploration to the final prototyping phase, an extensive documentation was prepared to validate the potential and limitations of this novel material and indicate the directions for further research works.
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
& Lignin
AM
TutorsAligning the wood grain to the flow of forces Asut & Mauro
The most important aspect of this research is the complete integration of the process, rather than the specific development of its parts. Upon reaching the prototyping stage, it was possible to feed back all the previous stages, identifying critical points and constraints to be added as future research.
The experimental based design used in this research allowed establishing new fields of interest to be investigated in the future.|
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
The idea of using the principal stress lines lies in the understanding that aligning the wood with them will always be to orient the fibers towards the highest requirement at each point. Considering that wood is an anisotropic material, the orientation of the fibers is critical.
Images of the curvature tests of the specimens used and the prototype N°3
This research answers the question: How can the use of materials and the fabrication process of a point-supported isostatic timber slab be optimized with a parametric design approach, using standard timber-based products and subtractive fabrication?
Overend
The research was divided into six parts to be developed. These are: generation of stress lines, assignment of cross sections, joints, optimization process, generation of beams to be manufactured and creation of prototypes.
The established hypothesis that isostatic wood slab could be fabricated from plywood boards with a 3-axis CNC machine was discarded, as the prototypes were not successful.
2022 Serdar
This question arises from the concern to develop a parametric design that is capable of integrating the computational optimization of a timber structure and its fabrication based on principal stress lines.
SprongTutors of
Buiksloterham, situated on the northern banks of the IJ river, is undergoing massive urban redevelopment as it transits from an industrial town to a mix-use development. However the lack of connectivity within the neighbourhood has become an ever more prominent problem for its growing residents and workers.
as digital technology ushers in the 4th industrial revolution, the growing complexity and inter-dependencies in computational design of structures and buildings is no longer sufficiently represented in static plans (Helm et al., 2017). Despite the inception of digital technology into timber fabrication processes in 1980s, the assembly of these structures are still largely manual (Helm et al., 2017), limited by the scale of the components, machines involved and transportation required. Should the digital information of fabrication and assembly be directly transmitted to the robots and implemented, this would allow for a seamless workflow (Bachmann, 2009) without the intermediary manual process where digital information and assemblage efficiency could be lost. Tapping on the strengths of robotic systems in processing large amount of data, having high level of precision as well as being capable of taking over dirty, dangerous and mundane tasks, this presented the opportunity for integration of Human-Robot Collaboration into the construction system.
Gemeente Amsterdam has proposed the construction of 7 new bridges in Buiksloterham to improve the local connectivity while staying rooted in circular and sustainable goals laid down in the green masterplan, Groenevisie 2020-2050.
Timber) Jun Wen Loo 2022 Serdar Asut & Joris Smits
van Hout (The Leap
As such, the thesis proposes the construction of a novel timber structure embodying the circular vision of design for disassembly, using renewable and bio-based material. The bridge will also serve as a landmark for the community, symbolizing the potential of timber architecture in the digital Furthermore,era.
Long Section & Connection Details HRC Workflow for On-site Reciprocal Frame Shell Assembly Bridge Interior 7.0007.400 2.5004.300 3.251 2.880 465 20120204040105 100 120 10 230 5 5 E 4 23 1 A A GBAC E F 1 6 K J F Deck to Cable Connection G 5mm Stainless Steel Plate H 60mm Welded Stainless Steel RHS J 15mm Stainless Steel Plate w 3 K Pfeiffer Open Swagged Fitting Cable Connector A Reinforced Concrete Abutment on Piles B 20mm Stainless Steel Plate w 4 Hinged Plate (10mm) & Hinge pin C 20mm Stainless Steel Plate w Hinged Plate (10mm) & 2 Stainless Steel Plate, with 11 Dowel holes, inserted into Glulam (1) D 20mm Threaded Rod w Bolts E 5mm Orthotropic plate with Anti-slip Coating 1 450x225mm Beech Glulam 2 3mm ETFE Membrane Canopy 3 50x150mm Accoya Beech Glulam 4 Larch Wood Hand Rails (Heat/Accoya treated) 5 10mm Steel Box Beam Deck with 5mm Orthotropic plate with Anti-slip Coating 6 24mm Stainless Steel Cable Axonometric View Axonometric View Detail Part F D Detail D: Edge Beam & Deck to Abutments Scale 1:10 Detail B: Edge Beam to Deck B Long Section II-IIʼ | Scale 1:150 II IIʼ RF Shell Construction Layout HRC Assembly To Bridge To Asterweg Trisure Closures NL Yotel Buiksloterham ABB IRB 6640 Robotic Arm mounted on 7m movable rails and 2x10m mobile trolley to move into specific position for HRC Construction RF Shell Constructed in 4 main Segments A to D Constructor assemblying timber members based on label & notches, assisted by robotic arm securing all joints On-Site Construction Zone Site Map 22m 72m Route A for Robotic Arm A Segment B Segment A Segment C Segment D Route B for Robotic Arm B A4 2,4m B1 B2 B3 B4 A5 Bridge A3 A2 A1
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Although the steps look thin and transparent, they are actually open sections that utilize the 170mm rise as structural height. In the end the result of this thesis is a modular and reusable biocomposite footbridge, designed to have minimal visual impact on the existing train station.
Diederik Smits, Marcel Bilow & Finn Graham
Impression (1:20)sectionStaircase(1:20)sectionSpan
We architects and engineers design structures with often decades-long life spans. What we do not do however is take the constantly evolving urban landscape into account. Take a bridge for example, designed to solve a straightforward problem at a certain moment in time. It is very likely that this problem changes over time, for example because the bridge might not be needed anymore. With the bridge still having years of life span left in it, ideally the bridge can be disassembled and reused instead of being disposed of. In this thesis a modular and reusable footbridge is designed for train stations. And to further improve its sustainable character, the main construction material is a biobased fiber-reinforced polymer (basalt fiber and polylactic acid polymer), which is a relatively new and innovative building material in the construction industry.
The main architectural goal was to design a light and transparent structure to maintain a high degree of horizontal visibility and leave little visual impact on the train station. This led to several engineering challenges, the main one concerning stability.
Jilderda2022 Joris
(1:100)elevationFront
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName yearTheTutors design of a modular and reusable biocomposite railway footbridge
The columns that support the bridge (seen in the rendered impression) are not inherently horizontally stable. This stability is achieved through the staircases. The stringers and the many steps in between act together like a horizontal truss that can resist both a horizontal moment and a torsional moment.
Intermodular pocket joint (1:5) Column-stringer-stringer joint (1:5) Staircase foundation
(1:5)
The outcome focuses on a replicable structural system for Post-War building typologies to allow heavier and more beneficial roof interventions. The proposal poses to make use of their current capacity for part of the intervention layers, and a new structural system to transmit the heavier loads directly to the vertical loadbearing structure. Replicable strategies that will enable buildings for multifunctional interventions, increasing the roof’s loadbearing capacity, and making these interventions more accessible.
Configuration Process Intervention Layers Perspective Multifunctional intervention - Accesible areas, solar panels, extensive and intensive green areas New Structure - IPE beams, grating planes, column segments and tensile structure Existing Roof - New insullation system, waterproof barrier, waterbufer layer and suports for new structure Identification of roof access and installations Definition of intervention area
GraduationName year
The positive impact of green roofs for the users and the building performance has been demonstrated in research and practice throughout case studies from all over the world. Variations of these interventions have categorized the characteristics that will increase their performance under different climatic conditions. Not only for the building performance and aesthetics, but for the urban environment as well. For cities like Rotterdam, the increasing effect of urban environmental issues is a fact. Predictions show that they will become critical factors for the development and upgrade of urban areas in the coming years. Green roofs can play a significant role on this problematic, and their potential has been recognized by the municipalities as well, where different initiatives and subsidies have been created to increase their rate of implementation. Nevertheless, there are still many factors restricting their implementation and causing the increase of costs of these interventions. An important one is the weight of these interventions, for which current structures are not prepared for and reinforcement strategies are required.
BT-Bundle |2022
The city of Rotterdam is used as the context, where the vast amount of flat-roof areas on post-war typologies create a great opportunity for the exploration of systemic solutions.
Vicente I. Prieto & Gabriel Pardo
This research focusses on the exploration of roof reinforcement strategies for the implementation of multifunctional roofs: Interventions that combine green roofs with different functions to increase their performance for the building, their impact for the city and the benefits for the investor’s interest.
RoofTutors external reinforcementstructuralstrategy
Blanes2021 Alejandro
The second part, focuses on lime-based mortars and examines how their composition can affect bioreceptivity. Based on the literature, material properties like high water capacity, high water retention, permeability and high total porosity can benefit bioreceptivity. Four different lime-based mortars were tested, through laboratory experiments, seeking the relation between their water transport behavior and bioreceptivity.
The methodology that was developed in these two parts, is finally attempted to be combined in a bioreceptivity-oriented design approach in order to express a new architectural vocabulary. Through a research-by-design approach, three design approaches are conceptualized, compared and prototyped, raising the potential of bioreceptive applications. Bioreceptive application.
GraduationName year Tutors BT-Bundle |2022
Bioreceptive Habitats a bioreceptivity-oriented design strategy through
digital and physical experimentation Dimitrios Ntoupas2022 Serdar Asut & Barbara Lubelli
Engineering
The first part, investigates on a digital model, how surface topology modifications could improve bioreceptivity by reducing the solar radiation of a surface while directing water over them. This is approached by a script which examines through a case study, to what extent the solar radiation of a surface topology could be reduced through topological modifications and which factors influence it.
Bioreceptivity is a natural phenomenon that has been observed on building material for many years. Bioreceptivity is when materials are being colonized by one or more species of living organisms without necessarily going under biodeterioration. (Guillitte, 1995) Based on the literature, bioreceptivity depends on three main factors: on climatic conditions, the topology of the colonized element and the material. By considering these variables, this research focuses on engineering a workflow capable of supporting bioreceptivityoriented design. More specifically, it investigates how computational performance analysis and optimization can support the integration of bioreceptive materials in customizable building elements, which could be produced by digital fabrication. For research purposes, the research is split in two main parts which run in parallel. This research takes as a case study mosses, which generally cannot withstand high solar radiation and are dependent on water for their survival and reproduction.
Grain size distribution in combination with binder to aggregate ratio are the main factors which influence mortars’ transport behavior. In order to observe the relation between their water transport behavior and bioreceptivity, a moss growth experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
Andy Jenkins & Mo Smit
Environment Agriculture
Post-war housing dwellings utilizing MUWI system construction require a sustainable and modular renovation in order to meet nZEB goals for energy efficiency through the design of a productive bio-based material scheme utilizing localized material cultivation in a Controlled Envrionment Agriculture (CEA) setting, in this case, vertical farming.
Bio-base
Rice Barley Flax Wheat Dandelion Mycelium Tree Sapplings
Composition of Bio-Base Material Panel
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Research Problem Statement To declare agriculture bio-based materials a sustainable material for renovation, the method of growth and harvest of crops and by-products should be responsibly sourced, sustainable, and resilient to land competition and environmental hazards, which is not possible in the current state of the agriculture industry.
For many historic cities in the EU, meeting the global UN Paris Agreement goals for emission reduction goals translates to renovating old infrastructure (Housing Europe, 2021) for improved energy efficiency during building use as well as decreasing construction embodied energy. On a national level, designers strive to meet not only the board UN Paris Agreement goals but also to meet specific nearly Zero-Energy Building (nZEB) values to reduce energy demand of building through improved insulation, renewable energy application, and addition of thermal control techniques. Set by Directive 2010/31/EU, nZEB values require much of the Dutch post-war housing stock to be renovated.
ControlledTutors to Renovation Materials from Element to Global Scale
Origin Plants utilized for Bio-base Material Renovation Panel Application
As for the ease of renovation application, prefabricated panel renovations, composed of insulation, particle board, and facade, are an increasingly popular choice for its cost, material, and modularity.
Exterior addition renovation was selected as it is efficient in covering thermal bridges and gaps in the existing construction.
Renovations however conflict with sustainability goals due to current prefabricated exterior panel composition utilizing petroleum-based materials. Thus, the proposal of the thesis was to replace petroleum-based materials in pre-fabricated panel renovations with agricultural waste bio-based materials that can be grown through localized urban agriculture to follow bio-economy principles. Localizing agriculture waste streams implies reduced dependency on the supply chain and land use change for biobase material allocation. Densification of agricultural waste is also possible. This is done through the design of vertical farming as a replacement for traditional open field methods. In this thesis, rice, barley, flax, wheat, dandelion, mycelium, and tree saplings were explored as future plants grown in a vertical farm for bio-base material application in panel renovations on a single MUWI post-war housing construction to a national scale.
Circular Economy Principles
Sarah Hoogenboom2022
Future of Bio-base Material Panels in MUWI ApplicationOrigin, Composition, Assembly, and Future of Bio-base Materials Origin CompositionAssemblyFuture Design Problem Statement
Integration Of Urban Farming Into Urban Metabolisms
SystematicTutors
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Eren Gozde2022Anil Andy Jenkins & Michela Turrin
Stakeholders Using Foodcycle TU Delft Results (search radius 500 m) Integrating Urban Farming into Cities CITY inputs recycled recycled goods energy food renewable organic waste inorganic waste outputs URBAN GNIMRAF Food FishN.D.FertiliserHeatRainwaterCO2CoffeePaperSawdustWasteWasteWaterFoodAeroponicsPlantWaterRaisedVermicompostBedsAquacultureCultureMushroomFarmFactoryNFTMediabeds
As the global population rise, climate conditions get more and more unpredictable, natural resources deplete; cities need to take action in order to sustain healthy living conditions as well as to ensure food safety. Currently, cities are solely dependent on external sources and suburban areas for natural resources and food as well as waste management. This linear metabolism results in cities consuming 60-80% of natural resources and producing 50% of waste globally. (Tsui et al., 2021) This problem can be overcome by introducing urban farming into cities by utilising waste and underused space as a resource for urban food production. Waste can be circulated in the city in order to generate a network of waste producing functions and farms. There are urban farming systems which can digest waste and produce supplements for urban food production. However, the quest of choosing an urban farming system based on existing vacant spaces and waste flows is a complicated task. The complexity is a result of variables in the equation which may effect decision making such as different systems, waste types, vacant space characteristics as well as the size of spaces and the quantity of available waste. Moreover, in sites consisting of numerous vacant spaces and waste sources decision making is even more complex and laborious. If human designers were to perform this task then they would need to iterate countless times for each vacant space, each waste source close to it and each potential urban farming systems. However, when it comes iterating and repeating the same steps, computers are explicitly faster, time-efficient and error free. Therefore a decision making tool which can assist designers to choose urban farming systems based on existing conditions can be a practical resource. This research investigates how to integrate urban farming into cities by utilising under-used spaces and existing waste sources via using a decision making tool. The design rules and the methodology are formed based on literature review regarding different farming systems, varying waste flows and computational approaches. A prototype of the tool is generated and tested on 2 case studies in order to showcase the potential of such an approach combining food production with waste management.
Using cell structure patterns to train an AI model to explore topology design ideas
IntegratedTutors
Baruah2022
The construction industry around the world is growing exponentially. In building design, the structural design is usually incorporated in the latter stages of the design, and the computational tools currently available focus more on converging and optimizing a single solution rather than providing an opportunity for the designer to explore design ideas. Incorporating structural design in the initial design phases can lead to more efficient and cost-effective structures, but in order to do so practical tools should be available to the designer to deepen the design space and allow them to efficiently explore it. Generative AI models could provide a solution to the problem and expand the design space by learning from the data provided. This thesis explores such a solution by means of training an AI model (variational Autoencoder) on an artificial dataset of 2D lattice patterns. To do that, a dataset of 6 unique 2D lattice patterns is created and used to train a simple VAE model. The methodology used in this thesis is to validate if an AI can aid in the exploration of design ideas by providing a larger design space with newly generated data that contain learned features from the dataset rather than through constraints set by the Thedesigners.results show that the VAE model can learn features and provide a greater diversity of design than the original dataset through newly generated designs. The output of the VAE model in this thesis is then explored for possible integrations into the design process for the early stages of design. For this, the generated patterns that are distinct and unique are identified and applied to a shell structure to explore topology design ideas. The research question of this thesis was : How can AI extract useful information from a dataset of cellular solid structure patterns and reuse it to generate new patterns for structural design?
Generated GeneratingimagestheDataset Topology Exploration of Shell Structures
Namrata Michela Turrin & Charalampos Andriotis
bio-inspired Design by AI:
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Planning Stage: different configuration Routing Stage: modular system of furnitureColour Grammar: colour to opening
Methods and concepts as Participatory Design, Open Building, Generative Design, Serious Game, Gamification, Space Syntax, Discrete Architecture, Modularity, Mass Customization, Cultural Values and Social Logic of Space were used to guide and shape the development of this graduation research. While the main research question of this thesis was: How can we allow future inhabitants to custom design their future affordable homes so their social and cultural patterns of using space can prevail? Lego
Vasilka Espinosa2022
The non-participation of users in the design process tends to deliver a design that lacks in fulfilling their requirements and their natural desire to culturally express and identify with their dwelling and feel belonging to a community. This project aims to present a method toward a meta-game that enables participatory design for co-designing and allows people to participate with their social and cultural preferences in the spatial decision-making process of housing configuration without the obstacle of technical knowledge, while benefiting from the economic viability of a mass-produced kit-of-parts.
Social Housing
Meta-Game:Pieces inputs and outputs for each stage.
TutorsAParticipatory Design Game for
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Configuration in the context of Manaus, in Brazil.
Pirouz Nourian, Bruno Amaral de Andrade & Shervin Azadi
The meta-game is divided into five stages which will order the design decision-making process from abstract to concrete.
The proposed construction game is a mix of board game with Lego pieces. Each Lego piece have different possible dimension depending on the function which is being represented. The gameboard represents the plot on which the housing will be implemented. During the Planning phase of the game the players will use Lego Pieces to generate a draft configuration that translates their preferences and requirements. Later in the Configuration stage, the game mechanisms are introduced to engage the players to communicate and discuss their ideas, make trades and commitments between them. The Evaluation stages checks the spatial quality and validity of the usergenerated design. Shaping is the last stage, it concerns the materialization of the building geometry, determining the aesthetics of the design and concretization of the building
BT-Bundle |2022
GraduationName year
Pirouz Nourian, Shervin Azadi & Fred Veer
The scheme of the Houscaper, including the diagrams of input and outputs of Houscaper YES
The demand for lower construction costs comes at the price of duplicating architectural designs. As a result, the misperception that modular architecture is repetitive prevails. However, the developments in computational design and MMC (modern methods of construction) can suggest a standardized manufacturing approach to provide mass customization. The research explores the computation of Modular building envelope systems using the Boolean marching cube algorithm under the premise of a ‘participatory generative design framework’ of the ‘GO-Design’ developed by Pirouz Nourian and Shervin Azadi. In this project, (1) a set of architectural tilesets is developed that incorporates mass-customization by providing the potential for generating various configurations, and (2) a prototype of an interactive digital tool is established to enable future inhabitants to customize the configuration of their modular houses based on the predefined tileset. The algorithm is developed and applied in the Rhino & Grasshopper environment. The BMC algorithm reads the voxels’ labels pertaining to each cube’s vertices (a collection of 8 neighboring voxels) to load and choose the corresponding tile from a predefined tileset. The project’s focus is the design of such a tileset, its engineering consistency, and architectural coherence. As an input, a voxelated massing will be the input, possibly later accompanied by a colored zoning scheme. and the output will be a modular architectural assembly. This workflow is envisaged to become a procedural component of a Configure, Price, & Quote (CPQ) system for the industrialization of mass customizable housing. The research question of the thesis is How to devise a participatory computational design tool for constructing valid modular building frames in a Modern Method of Construction as an assembly of architectural tiles using the Boolean Marching Cubes (BMC) algorithm?
Solkyu
Houscaper:Tutors
Developing a tool for easy access of architectural polygonization using the Boolean Marching Cubes Algorithm 2022Park
K wan-Lin W2022ang Martin Tenpierik & Michela Turrin
The aim of this research is to define the influence that came along with climate change and how should the building design reflect this issue. Under this consideration, the design environment is no longer constant, and the performance evaluation and optimization need to be processed under multiple conditions before the conclusion is drawn. A workflow is designed to support designers and engineers to understand what would cause indoor discomfort or extra energy consumption in both the current and the near future in the living environment. The optimization result shows that the building performance is highly related to the selected climate condition. To make our living environment suitable for now and future-proof, the building performance analysis should not only be based on the current climate condition. The research question formed for this topic is: How to determine what design characteristics have the main influence on building operation energy and indoor comfort under both currents and predicted future climate conditions by using computational simulation? The building geometry and the orientation are major determinants of indoor comfort and energy consumption. The heat gain and heat loss on the building surfaces depends on the area and the receiving angle between the surface and heat source. The preferable building layout is related to both climate conditions and the context. The main challenge for building to remain comfortable and low energy demand is the shifting of energy usage from heating to cooling and the overheating hours during the summer period.
Lenght and width x y Window to wall ratioFloorOrientation%Rc-value/Wall/RoofG-valueWindowU-valueWindow Thermal DaylightEnergyrenewablePercentagecomfortofenergyconsumptionperformanceClimate Change Environment Input variables Performance MOO Performance ObjectivesResults Workflow of the multi-objective optimization of the project and relative results.
BuildingTutors
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Design Approaches and Performance Under Predicted Climate Conditions
Minimal renovation strategies for low-temperature heating with optimal comfort
Nienke2022Smit Thaleia K onstantinou & Eric van den Ham
GraduationName year Tutors BT-Bundle |2022
Ventilation type D.2: positive effect air entering is preheated, leading to less cold draft w t Window improvement: positive effect improved U-value leads to less downdraught Window improvement: positive effect improved U-value leads to less ‘cold’ radiation from the window draught asymmetryradiant
Simulations with DesignBuilder and Stralingsverloop
By 2050, the built environment has to be (almost) CO2 neutral. To achieve this, new, sustainable space heating options are introduced, such as low-temperature collective heating. The transition to low-temperature heating, however, requires the implementation of renovation measures for most of the existing housing stock. To prepare the housing stock for this transition to collective, low-temperature heating, minimal renovation strategies for the integration of low-temperature heating and optimal comfort are studied within this research for various single-family housing typologies. Renovation measures on the building and installation scale were considered for the different typologies, which vary in terms of the construction period and building type. The simulations are performed in the software DesignBuilder, on a case study dwelling located in the Netherlands. First, the lowtemperature readiness is assessed based on heat balance and air temperature simulations for each of the typologies. Secondly, tests were performed to evaluate the effects of the measures on the local thermal comfort. Computational Fluid Design within the software is used to determine the effect of the renovation measures on the draught rate and radiant temperature, as these aspects are critically affected by the lowering of the radiator’s supply temperature. Additionally, the effect on radiant asymmetry is measured in the software program Stralingsverloop. The outcomes of the study regarding low-temperature readiness indicate which measures are required per typology and the differences in the effectiveness of the measures for the different typologies. The study on thermal comfort shows the possibilities for optimizing thermal comfort through the integration of renovation measures, in particular through the installation of balance ventilation and high-performance glazing. Based on the outcomes of both the studies, an individual recommendation is given for each typology on the type of measures to consider.
options for integration of low temperature heat
70 ºC 50 ºC or lower supply temperature lower heating demand bigger transmission surface higher transfer coe cient or
measures that aim to reduce local thermal discmfort
Architectural changes
Faisal2022
Energy efficient and sustainable heating solution
PROPOSALEXISTING
What are the sustainable strategies that can be used in renovation projects to reach nearly zero energy (NZE) and high indoor environmental quality (IEQ) for user comfort?
Centralised heat recovery with demand control ventilation for high indoor air quality
Andy van den Dobbleste & Atze Boerstra
Various design solutions were deveoped for spatial planning, heating and ventilation layout. By comuptational simulation and calculations the performance of each design is verified and validated for thermal performance, energy efficiency, daylight and ventilation for occupant comfort to achieve the most suitable solution. The final renovation design achieves to become a zero energy building with improved summer and winter comfort conditions.
The research focuses on occupant behaviour towards indoor environment and spatial layout of building. Through building physics analysis and on-site surveys, the locations for major improvement were identified. The proposal is a combination of key solutions that can make huge impact on energy savings and comfort conditions in the rowing facility. This research by design methodology aims to bridge the gap between energy neutrality and occupant comfort in buildings.
One of the major risks to our planet today is climate change, which is a problem that worries people all over the world. There is rise in global temperature level and greenhouse gas emissions. Building industry has a huge share in this aspect. The current built environment accounts for almost 40% of energy consumption and 36% CO2 emissions in the Netherlands. Therefore, to meet national energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission targets, the energy performance of existing buildings is critical. Incorporating green technologies in refurbishment projects, specially of older buildings, presents many technical, financial, and social challenges. The study explored in this graduation focuses on renovation of Proteus Eretes rowing accommodation using integrated climate design strategies. The existing building has high power and gas consumption due to outdated building sercives, old construction and growing occuoancy. Due to poor building fabric and inlfexible architectural layout, occupants also feel indoor discomfort in many rooms specially bar attic, ergometer room (fitness room) and committee room. This problem arises the main research question:
RenovationTutors of Proteus Eretes:
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
A nearly zero energy building with high indoor environmental qualityIrum
Hence, the purpose of the project here is to develop “An envelope” for the extension proposal from the Delft Student Rowing club - Proteus Eretes. To fulfill the purpose and to answer the research questions set in the research framework, the project is divided in to four phases, Research phase, Concept phase, Engineering phase, and Reflection phase.
Research phase includes the set of literature research, case studies, and interviews. It involves the understanding of the requirements of Proteus Eretes for the extension.
Most importantly it consists of the understanding of various protective and technical functional requirements such as Insulate, Support, and Protect of the building envelope. To focus on embodied carbon of the building envelope, during research phase, the study of embodied carbon is subdivided in to three parts “Focus – Calculate – Mitigate”. By focus, it means to understand every life cycle stage of the embodied carbon as a part of whole life cycle approach, and then calculate the global warming potentials of the materials used, by referring to the EPD’s. And then mitigate part includes various mitigation strategies and tools. Here, circular design strategies such as design for disassembly, design for adaptability, and design for reuse are employed with the integration of carbon sequestering materials in the Product Development Methodology, during the Concept phase.
AnTutorsEnvelope - for an extension at Proteus Eretes
External Cladding Thermal InnerSubStructuralInsulationTimberStructuralCladding-791reuse-811recycle-791reuse-811recycle MaterialsVirgin Circular Design Strategies MaterialsReclaimed Desing disassemblyfor Desingreusefor Desing adaptabilityfor Thermal Component in roof, walls and floor for thermal indoor comfort
Component in roof for generating solar energy
Transparent
circular, carbon sequestering approach towards zero embodied carbon
Component in walls and roof with triple glazing for light
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
The Engineering phase consists of the in depth planning of assembly order of the components in factory and on site. Thus, making the final design building envelope constructable with circular design principles and carbon sequestering materials to mitigate its embodied carbon.
Building sector is responsible for 39% of global carbon emissions, which makes it a main actor for climate change due to its high greenhouse gas emissions. Further, it is estimated that this 39% is total of 11% Embodied Carbon emissions (mainly the carbon emissions during construction processes and material production processes) and 28% Operational Carbon emissions (mainly the carbon emissions during the operation period of the buildings, for e.g., carbon emissions due to heating and cooling systems). Despite of achieving remarkable results in reducing operational carbon, the embodied carbon is increasing proportionally to the total carbon emissions. And, if no steps taken to focus on embodied carbon, then it is estimated that it can increase up to 57% of the carbon emission by building sector, by 2040. For these reasons it is imperative to focus on embodied carbon right from the initial design stages of new, extension, or renovation building projects. The key sources of the carbon emissions during the construction of any building system are the structural elements and building skin elements. That is due to the “Upfront Carbon” emissions by high consumptions of fossil fuel-based carbon intensive materials like cement, steel for main structural elements and aluminum for the façade elements. Thus, to focus on Upfront Carbon from early stages of designing is crucial to mitigate embodied carbon.
BIPV
Further in the design development the fundamentals of Prefab building process are considered by making the whole design modular and produced using one digital carpentry machine.
The study analyzes the possible approach of renovation and adaptive reuse of the existing, untapped, residential buildings in order to meet the current climate regulations and future occupants’ needs. A literature review examines three main domains separately: zero-energy design, circularity and collective housing.
PlanningTutors for the regeneration of listed buildings
A case study analysis of alternative collective housing models in particular monitors the porosity of this plan and its ability to be combined with zero-energy and circular principles. This research offers the opportunity to recognize possible methodologies that can then be applied on a specific case study.
Proposal of renovation (left: south side, right: north side) [Visualization].
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
The fact that the research refers to listed buildings, constitutes the biggest limitation, in terms of design decisions. The case study it-self, clearly depicts the afore-mentioned issues in the Athenian context, and alongside includes building, social, historic and other characteristics that compose an ideal example for an energy efficient, user-oriented, adaptive reuse.
Electricity demand and production after applying the steeped approach [Calculations Results].
Nikoletta Dimitriou2022
A step-by-step approach is adopted in order to develop (re) design methodologies for the energy transition and circular adaptation of the case study. In addition, a possible network of interactions between the involved stakeholders is proposed so as to create a holistic and functional business model.
The case of the refugee settlements of Alexandra’s Avenue in Athens, Greece
Ultimately, the thesis proposes an inclusive and integrated framework for the renovation of the existing, old, heritage, building stock, driven by zero-energy and circular principles, for the less-favored, towards a new typology of social and collective housing. The development of this framework is based on facts and data that can make it potentially applicable to similar cases elsewhere.
The present thesis discusses social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects of problems related to heritage building depreciation, homelessness and lack of affordable housing, with a focus on the more vulnerable social groups. It additionally argues the mitigation of the impact of the cities and the building sector on climate crisis. The aim of the thesis is to find a sustainable, in terms of longevity and feasibility, connection between the unexploited building stock and the shelter-less people, for the benefit of the users, the society and the environment alike, through zero-energy design and circular adaptation.
Further research on the topic would help facilitate the transition to integrated frameworks of renovation processes.
Research is consolidated in the case of the refugee settlement complex of Alexandra’s Avenue (1933-36), in the city of Athens, and seeks to propose a number of recommendations for its renovation, energy upgrade, redevelopment and reuse.
Operational Scheme [Diagram].
Section - Systems [Sketch]. Section - Passive heating & cooling (left: winter, right: summer) [Sketch].
Andy van den Dobbelsteen & Olga Ioannou
for vulnerable social groups, using Zero-Energy and Circular Principles
GraduationName year
Franziska Mack2022
Tutors
Floorplan MeanrenovationStevenskerkproposalRadiantTemperature simulations (DesignBuilder) 0 6 1 2 m2 = ca 9 17kg central electricity supply connection heating panels central electricity supply connection heating panels metal ring as connector Situation now South Textilechapelradiation screen Local heating & textile box in box ImpressionImpression radiation screen modulesheatingFoldable
Thermal comfort for multi-functional use in monumental church buildings
Case-study Stevenskerk in Nijmegen
Literature review, in-situ measurements in the Stevenskerk, thermal computer simulations and physical calculations in combination with research by design enabled the identification, the development and the comparison of different renovation Themethods.project introduced an evaluation framework which resulted in a comparative overview of different window renovation and spatial adaptations strategies which is applicable for the Stevenskerk as well as for other multi-functional and monumental church buildings in the Netherlands. Accordingly, a renovation proposal for the Stevenskerk was developed which enables a flexible and adaptive use according to the needs of different user groups and the space in a long-term perspective in accordance with its social responsibility as a building for the community and «living heritage».
BT-Bundle |2022
0,6 - 1,2 m2 = ca 9 - 17kg central electricity supply, connection heating panels central electricity supply connection heating panels metal ring as connector CHOIR local heating
Eric van den Ham & Nicholas Clarke
Additional ambitions and values for the identification of suitable renovation measures were defined: the usability of the space, the reduction of the heating demand, the conservation of significant monumental values, the durability of the measures with respect to their sustainability, the proportionality of the financial investment and the acoustic and lighting conditions.
Secularization has led to a decrease in the significance and the use of churches. Accordingly, many church buildings are used multi functionally such as the Stevenskerk in Nijmegen. However, the immense heating demand leads to a closed church during the winter period due to unsatisfactory thermal conditions. Excessive heating results in a high energy consumption and building related CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the limited accessibility reduce the visibility of the national monument. This creates a lack of understanding the relevance of conserving religious heritage. Therefore, this project investigated the research question «How can the renovation of the stained glass windows in combination with indoor space adaptations increase the thermal comfort in the multi-functional Stevenskerk in order to improve the accessibility of the monument all year around?»
To reduce the heat loss in heritage buildings, this graduation research aims to explore what alternative solutions arise when thin glass is used to design an insulating glass panel that replaces the single glazing. To do so, six different designs are proposed. The first two are an IGU with thin glass and laminated thin glass. The third design is made with a hollow twin-wall sheet of PC and laminated to thin glass. The fourth and fifth proposal are laser cut PMMA connected to thin glass. While design four uses a honeycomb pattern, the fifth proposal experiments with a more freely design of cavities. The last proposal uses glass balls in the cavity of the IGU. Based on the computer analysis, design 5 and 6 fail on the thermal properties and design 1 and two cannot handle the wind load. For design 1, 2, 3 and 4 prototypes are made but design 4 did not succeed during this research. The others were then tested on the U-value and the maximum force before breakage. This concluded that design 3 performed thermally as expected but design 1 and 2 performed worse, due to a flaw in the computer modelling. Converting the force to the maximum distributed load showed that all designs could handle the wind load. The materials were also tested on ageing due to UV rays. Only the polycarbonate changed significantly over ten years, but with an extra UV-coating, this is avoidable. The aesthetic of the design 3 and 4 and the opinion of the public are tested with a survey. It can be said that the division between design 3 and 4 was fifty-fifty. If the other design had a better U-value, the participants did not switch. Depending on the function of the space behind it, people chose design 3 for more private spaces and design 4 for more public spaces. To show the final appearance and precision of the designs, a rendering and details are made. After this, a table is made to compare the designs based on stars which concludes that design 2 is the best alternative solution to replace single glazing in heritage buildings. design 1, 2 and 3
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName yearTheTutors use of thin glass in heritage window glazing testing different design concepts K arin Backer2022
James O’Callaghan & Marcel Bilow
The final prototypes of
Testing the thermal properties Testing the structural properties
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Faidra Oikonomopoulou & Alessandra Luna Navarro
The equation of the utilized casting method and the selected C&D glass waste for the fabrication of the new 100% recycled glass panel.
The Apple Store in Macau in the before & after version of the glass composite façade.Final sample of the recycled composite panel.
Isidora Matskidou2022
Glass Panels
TutorsRE-Facade
The main scientific contribution of the current research is to develop and experimentally verify through the exploration of casting technique, not only new design concepts and engineering their fabrication following the design criteria, but also to introduce closed-loop alternatives to cullet recycling coming from the C&D sector. This is achieved by the proper mapping of the current situation of glass recycling, and the identification of the most promising glass C&D waste through experimental research by contacting melting and tools that have not been utilized before for the product’s performance evaluation. These implements concentrate on the qualitative defects evaluation, stress analysis, and thermal shock testing on uneven temperature difference, while at the end of the product generation the environmental consequences of the production of recycled flat glass panels are examined with a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) conducted on the main parts of the process, as a potential to develop the management of such waste hereafter. The thesis exploration does not conclude in a single design proposal, but rather with material ready to be cut, chapped, and applied to existing projects and new ones. The new kilncast recycled panel entirely made out of C&D glass waste concludes with the development of a monolithic component with higher thickness, compared to the conventional thinwalled glass to tolerate a higher contamination rate. Its format is adopted and explored through a strategic approach of a translucent composite product, which is made out of specific glass waste layering arrangement between different purity grades of cullet in such a manner to form an advantage tensile strength on the recycled panel, which is transferred on the surfaces and reinforces the object, providing a safety mechanism which prevents any micro-cracks to propagating in the neighboring layers owing also to the half-fused state of the Thecullet.development of the composite panel and its experimental evaluation displayed strong findings for further exploration while opening new paths to reintroduce such waste back to the supply chain. Moreover, it contributes to the quest for innovation in sustainable glass recycling by focusing on finding circular ways to redefine the production of flat glass with the aim of casting methods and assessing the embodied carbon which is included in the life cycle of the new product. So, determined efforts are made, to deal with this unsolved problem of flat glass waste, with the assistance of circular principles. The prevention of waste generation, the shift to reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, along with the ecological design approach and all the advantages of using recycled cullet in the glassmaking process, give the right perspectives to use resources efficiently and conclude a positive environmental impact. Unveiling the ambitious potentials of glass upcycling for the building sector and providing us with the needful sustainable material to be applied for new concepts for the built environment.
made by Construction & Demolition Recycled Glass
The design concentrates on a reversible edge seal connection that facilitates the remanufacture of the unit and the recycling of the glass panes. Greater emphasis is given to the edge seal connection’s reversibility, the connecting mechanism’s simplicity, the seal’s feasibility regarding air and moisture impermeability, and the minimised optical result. The exploration phase led to a final design of a fully reversible edge seal connection with a minimised optical result compared to the current IGU edge seal connections.
The use of structural silicone adhesive seals to bond the different float glass panes together hinders the potential of the IGU to be refurbished and of the glass to be recycled. These seals are the weakest spots of the IGU in terms of lifespan. Moreover, these edge seals make the glass panes separation very difficult and laborious. Even when a separation is achieved, the glass surfaces are left with contaminating elements that prohibit their recycling back to float glass. The current master’s thesis focuses on the exploration of the different ways in which an insulated glass unit can become more circular, aiming to answer the following research question: To what extent can transparency and circularity be combined in an insulated glass unit (IGU) that can be applied in fully glazed facades?
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year RE-LoopTutors Transparency Exploring the potential of combining circularity and transparency in an insulated glass unit Sofia Angeliki K ouvela2022 Faidra Oikonomopoulou & Marcel Bilow Exploded isometric view of IGU edge seal components 4. Coated float glass 2. Extruded glass 1. Float glass 3. Desiccated foam 2. GlassExtruded 1. GlassFloat 3. FoamDesiccated 8. GasketsNeoprene 7. Corner Piece 6. MetalCoatedSpring Clip 8. GasketsNeoprene 6. MetalCoatedSpring Clip 5. Aluminum tape 0.08 mm New Circular IGU edge seal Standard IGU edge seal
The assembly of single glass panes into double and triple-glazed insulated units enables the design and construction of fully glazed facades with minimised thermal losses. However, insulated glass units (IGUs) are single-life products with a limited lifetime that end up being discarded in landfills and contribute negatively to the increase of construction and demolition waste.
The design is validated through prototype manufacturing followed by a numerical and analytical method in order to evaluate the products feasibility in the building industry. The final product possess good thermal and structural performance that is recyclable, reversible, highly transparent and allows quick and easy assembly.
Mould Design: Exploded ViewInterlocking alignmentHybrid glass block unit components: Exploded View Hybrid glass block system components: Exploded View Product Evaluation: Numerical & Analytical Method U-Value: 1.8 -2.1 W/m2k 0.04 MPa - 10Tn 55.4 Gpa, t=45mm Thermal & Structural Redundancy Snap-fit connection 30 10 10 15 5 10 380 12 10 380 350 2 4 3 4 21 1 2 3 5 4 67 1 - Borosilicate Cast Glass component 2 - Snap Fit Profile 3 - Snap Fit insert 4 - Float Glass Panel 1-Hydraulic Press 2-Part 1 3-Part 2 4-Base plate 5-Air vent 6-Alignment pin 7-Lock 3-12 26 3-6 Air30mmCavity 80 262810X XYY 31045400 452015 ex.in. Gorilla laminatedorglass Replacability > Interiorutilisedcavityforinsulation ex.in.
development of hybrid glass blocks
In the building industry, there are two approaches to glass blocks: load-bearing solid glass blocks with poor thermal properties and hollow glass blocks with optimal thermal properties but no structural performance. Can we combine these approaches and develop a hybrid glass block with good load-bearing and thermal properties? A hybrid glass block is a combination of solid and hollow glass blocks designed as a single product with good thermal performance and loadbearing capacity. The main research question formulated is, What are the main design considerations and challenges in designing and manufacturing a hybrid glass block system that exhibits good thermal and structural performance? It is observed that the shape of the hybrid glass blocks impacts the structural-thermal performance, production methodology, and desirability of standardization. The research focuses on developing design guidelines for the innovative hybrid glass system and follows a product development methodology to guide and aid the design process. Various design concepts are explored in-depth for each design problem based on their relationship with the structural-thermal performance, manufacturing, and assembly process and are then assessed through a set of design criteria to develop a final design concept. The final design concept is further refined based on manufacturing standards and challenges. The final design is then detailed and implemented in the Academy of Arts, Maastricht (case study), and various assembly strategies for dry stacked cast glass systems are formulated.
BT-Bundle |2022 GraduationName year
Anurag Sonar2022 Faidra Oikonomopoulou &
ProductTutors
Rethinking shape, manufacturing process & assembly system Marcel
Bilow
Currently, this cannot be fulfilled by the existing commercial software, since it is mostly oriented to ductile materials which have equal properties regarding tension and compression. This thesis aspires to address this problem with the creation of a customized optimization tool that takes into consideration the glass material and structural properties while also integrates the criteria related to the annealing (cooling) and manufacturing process.
GraduationName year Glass.
TutorsJust
BT-Bundle |2022
Anna Maria Koniari2022 Faidra Oikonomopoulou &
Development of a Topology Optimization Algorithm for a MassOptimized Cast Glass Component. Charalampos Andriotis
This thesis investigates the use of Topology Optimization techniques as the tool for the design of large monolithic cast glass structures. Previous theses in TU Delft have already underlined the large potential that lies in this direction, since the decreased mass of the components can result in shorter annealing (cooling) time, ultimately rendering these structures feasible to be manufactured. However, strong limitations have also been underlined. These derive mainly from the use of existing commercial software as the Topology Optimization tool for the design. Particularly, given that glass is a brittle material with significantly different behavior regarding its maximum tensile and compressive allowable limits, it is considered fundamental to be able to evaluate both of these criteria during the optimization process.
The developed code is applied on a case study example which refers to a slab that serves as a small pedestrian bridge inside the British Museum. At the same time, different input is applied on the formulation in order to explore the design potential when different manufacturing methods, glass types, and boundary conditions are implemented. After extracting the final design, the structural integrity of the 3-dimensional component is evaluated using the ANSYS software.
Lastly, the manufacturing and assembly sequence is discussed in order to outline the strategy for the creation of these structures in total.
Section of final result Design variations based on different glass compositions & fabrication methods Fabrication sequence Result Volume EdgeCastingSupportsBorosilicate 935.8 PointCastingSupportsBorosilicate 1500.2 PointCastingSupportsSodalime 1604.5 PointStackingSupportsBorosilicate 1381.3 BorosilicateEdgeCastingSupports(20cm) 1066.1
BT 2022
