Solar Decathlon India 2022: Team नवरीतिः

DIVISION : EDUCATIONAL BUILDING MKSSS DR. BHANUBEN NANAVATI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR

FINAL DESIGN REPORT APRIL 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

2.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TEAM SUMMARY

3.

PROJECT SUMMARY

4.

5.

6.

2.1 TEAM MEMBERS 2.2 APPROACH 2.3 ABOUT MKSSS DR. BHANUBEN NANAVATI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE 2.4 FACULTY 2.5 INDUSTRY PARTNER 2.6 WORK PROCESS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

PROJECT NAME PROJECT PARTNER PROJECT BRIEF SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF PROJECT PARTNER CONSTRUCTION BUDGET ESTIMATION INFERENCES FROM CASE STUDIES

GOALS

4.1 ENERGY PERFORMANCE 4.2 WATER PERFORMANCE 4.3 RESILIENCE 4.4 AFFORDABILITY 4.5 INNOVATION 4.6 SCALABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL 4.7 HEALTH AND WELL BEING 4.8 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 4.9 ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS 4.10 COMMUNICATION

CLIMATE ANALYSIS 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

RELATIVE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL PRECIPITATION RADIATION WIND SPEED WIND DIRECTION ADAPTIVE COMFORT

6.1 SITE ANALYSIS 6.1.1 SITE AREA 6.1.2 CONTECT 6.1.3 SOIL TYPE

6.2 SHOE BOX MODEL ANALYSIS 7.

8.

6.2.1 FORM DEVELOPMENT 6.2.2 SHADOW ANALYSIS

CONTEXT AND APPROACH

7.1 CONTEXT 7.2 MATERIAL AVAILABILITY 7.3 HOW IT AFFECTS SURROUNDING LOCALITIES 7.4 MATERIAL ANALYSIS 7.5 REQUIREMENTS OF PROJECT PARTNER PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 9. DESIGN DOCUMENTATION 9.1 ENERGY PERFORMANCE 9.1.1 ENERGY PERFORMANCE MODELLING 9.1.2 REDUCTION IN EPI USING ENERGY CONSUMPTION MEASURES 9.1.3 OCCUPANCY PROGRAM SCHEDULES 9.1.4 ENERGY CONSUMPTIONS CALCULATIONS (kWh) 9.1.5 ENERGY GENERATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS 9.1.6 RENEWABLE ENERGY ON SITE 9.1.6.1 SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM (ON GRID) 9.1.6.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM 9.2 WATER CONSUMPTION 9.3 WATER EFFICIENCY DESIGN 9.3.1 FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET 9.3.2 GREY WATER TREATMENT 9.3.3 INDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION 9.3.4 OUTDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION 9.3.5 INJECTION WELL 9.3.6 BASE AND IMPROVED CASE COMPARISON 9.4 RESILIENCE 9.4.1 WATER RESILIENCE 9.4.2 CONSERVING THE MANUSCRIPTS 9.4.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 9.4.4 OPTIMISED WINDOW TO WALL RATIO 9.5 INNOVATION 9.5.1 RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM 9.5.2 CARBON TILES 9.5.3 SOLAR TREES 9.5.4 PAVEGEN TILES : HARVESTING ENERGY BY FOOTSTEPS 9.5.5 FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET 9.5.6 SEED PAPER 9.5.7. HBr FLOW BATTERIES 9.6 HEALTH AND WELLBEING 9.6.1 ADAPTIVE COMFORT 9.6.2 THERMAL COMFORT (CBE Thermal comfort tool) 9.6.3 THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS (Cove tool) 9.7 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 9.7.1 ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING 9.7.2 STRUCTURE 9.7.3 INTERIOR VIEWS 9.7.4 LANDSCAPE 9.8 ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS 9.8.1 STEEL TRUSS RESTING ON RCC COLUMNS 9.8.2 BAMBOO FENESTRATION DESIGN DETAIL 9.8.3 TRUSS 9.8.4 DECKING SLAB: RADIANT COOLING IN SLOPING PROFILE ROOF 9.8.5 RCC ISOLATED FOOTING 9.8.6 WINDOW DETAILS 9.8.7 RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM 9.8.8 HOW RADIANT COOLING WORKS 9.8.9 SOLAR PV TILES ON ROOF 9.8.10 POWER OVER ETHERNET: BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9.8.11 COMPONENTS OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9.8.12 TYPICAL USER INTERFACE OPTIONS 9.8.13 INFILTRATION TRENCH AND INJECTION WELL 9.8.14 UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD WATER TANK 9.8.15 FIRE FIGHTING 9.8.15.1 FIRE SPRINKLERS 9.8.15.2SMOKE DETECTORS 9.8.16 SOLAR TREE 9.8.17 OLED- ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE FOR TASK LIGHTING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12

9.8.18 OCCUPANCY SENSORS 9.8.19 SANITARY DETAIL 9.8.20 PLUMBING LAYOUT ON SITE 9.8.21 INSPECTION CHAMBER 9.8.22 POWER FACTOR (PF) 9.8.23 RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM 9.8.24 DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM (DOAS) 9.8.25 MIXED MODE OPERATIONS & COMFORT OPTIMIZATION 9.8.26 BMS 9.8.27 MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR UNCONDITIONED SPACES 9.8.28 COMPONENTS OF RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM 9.8.29 TEMPERATURE SENSORS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SCALABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL AFFORDABILITY COMMUNICATION

APPENDIX A

LETTER OF CONFIRMATION FROM PROJECT PARTNER LETTER OF CONFIRMATION FROM INDUSTRY PARTNER

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 : TEAM MEMBERS FIGURE 2 : LOGO FIGURE 3 : ONLINE MEETINGS FIGURE 4 : WORK PROCESS FIGURE 5 : VISIT TO BORI FIGURE 6 : SITE NEIGHBOURHOOD FIGURE 7 : SITE VIEW FIGURE 8 : SITE MODEL VIEW FIGURE 9 : TIMELINE OF BORI FIGURE 10 : DRY BULB TEMPERATURE FIGURE 11 : RELATIVE HUMIDITY FIGURE 12 : ANNUAL RAINFALL FIGURE 13 : PRECIPITATION FIGURE 14 : TOTAL RADIATION FIGURE 15 :SPEED OF WINDS FIGURE 16 : DIRECTION OF WINDS FIGURE 17 : ADAPTIVE COMFORT FIGURE 18 : SITE PLAN FIGURE 19 : VEGETATION ONSITE FIGURE 20 : SLOPE ANALYSIS FIGURE 21 : MAN- MADE FACTOR FIGURE 22 : SUN PATH AND WIND FIGURE 23 : ROAD NETWORK FIGURE 24 : VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FIGURE 25 : TYPES OF SOIL ON SITE FIGURE 26 : NOISE CONJUNCTIONS FIGURE 27 : HYDROLOGY MAP FIGURE 28 : SITE GRADIENT FIGURE 29 : LAND USE FIGURE 30 : ZONING FIGURE 31 : PLAN

FIGURE 32 : FIGURE 33 : FIGURE 34 : FIGURE 35 : FIGURE 36 : FIGURE 37 : FIGURE 38: FIGURE 39: FIGURE 40: FIGURE 41: FIGURE 42: FIGURE 43: FIGURE 44: FIGURE 45: FIGURE 46: FIGURE 47: FIGURE 48: FIGURE 49: FIGURE 50: FIGURE 51: FIGURE 52: FIGURE 53: FIGURE 54: FIGURE 55: FIGURE 56: FIGURE 57: FIGURE 58: FIGURE 59: FIGURE 60: FIGURE 61: FIGURE 62: FIGURE 63: FIGURE 64: FIGURE 65: FIGURE 66: FIGURE 67: FIGURE 68: FIGURE 69: FIGURE 70: FIGURE 71: FIGURE 72: FIGURE 73: FIGURE 74: FIGURE 75: FIGURE 76: FIGURE 77: FIGURE 78: FIGURE 79:

EXTRUDED PLAN 3D MODEL WITH MARKED GREEN SPACES SHADOW ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT TIMES ROOF PROFILE NATURAL LIGHTING WIND FLOW ANALYSIS CONTEXTUAL PLAN AQI OF SITE TRAFFIC AT THE ADJACENT ROAD PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES ENERGY PERFORMANCE TIMELINE OPTIMISATION OF PROPOSED DESIGN COMPARISON OF ENVELOPE COMBINATIONS OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR LIBRARY OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR OFFICE AND ADMIN OCCUPANCY SCHEDULE FOR CLASSROOM NET POSITIVE DESIGN ACHIEVEMENT SOLAR TILES ON ROOF AND SOLAR TREES ON SITE RAINWATER HARVESTING DIAGRAM WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM WATER DEMAND AND STORAGE UNUSED GREY WATER HARVESTED RAINWATER FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET DETAIL RAPID SAND FILTRATION METHOD INJECTION WALL BASE CASE WATER EFFICIENCY IMPROVED WATER EFFICIENCY FACTORS OF RESILIENCE BASE CASE 22.15% WWR PROPOSED CASE 40% WWR RADIANT COOLING COLOURS IN CARBON TILE CARBON TILE AIR POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MANUFACTURING PROCESS SOLAR TREES PAVEGEN TILES FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET SEED PAPER ADAPTIVE COMFORT COMFORT CHART RADIATION POTENTIAL ANNUAL SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE COVID OCCUPANCY ASSESSMENT SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY SUN HOURS

FIGURE 80: MASTER PLAN FIGURE 81: MASTER PLAN FIGURE 82: FIRST FLOOR PLAN FIGURE 83: GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIGURE 84: SOUTH ELEVATION FIGURE 85: WEST ELEVATION FIGURE 86: EAST ELEVATION FIGURE 87: NORTH ELEVATION FIGURE 88: EXPLODED ROOF ASSEMBLY FIGURE 89: WALL ASSEMBLY FIGURE 90: SHADING DEVICE FIGURE 91: SECTION A-A’ FIGURE 92: SECTION B-B’ FIGURE 93: GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIGURE 94: FIRST FLOOR PLAN FIGURE 95: WEST ELEVATION FIGURE 96: EAST ELEVATION FIGURE 97: NORTH ELEVATION FIGURE 98: SOUTH ELEVATION FIGURE 99: SECTION C-C’ FIGURE 100: SECTION D-D’ FIGURE 101: 3D VIEW OF LIBRARY FIGURE 102: 3D VIEW OF ACADEMIC BLOCK SHOWING EXTERIOR CORRIDORS FIGURE 103: STAFF ROOM INTERIOR VIEW FIGURE 104: IT DEPARTMENT INTERIOR VIEW FIGURE 105: LIBRARY INTERIOR VIEW FIGURE 106: CLASSROOM INTERIOR VIEW FIGURE 107: XERISCAPING PLANTS FIGURE 108: PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES FIGURE 109: SHADING DEVICE CALCULATION FIGURE 110: TRUSS AND COLUMN JUNCTION DETAILS FIGURE 111: OPTIMIZED SHADING DEVICE FIGURE 112: TRUSS DETAIL FIGURE 113: RCC SHAPED ISOLATED FOOTING DETAIL FIGURE 114: TYPICAL SLAB DETAIL FIGURE 115: WINDOW SECTION DETAIL FIGURE 116: DETAILED SECTION- SHOWING : (a) radiant cooling system pipes through the slab, (b) Bamboo fenestration shading, (c) Layering of the wall

FIGURE 117: FIGURE 118: FIGURE 119: FIGURE 120: FIGURE 121: FIGURE 122: FIGURE 123: FIGURE 124: FIGURE 125: FIGURE 126: FIGURE 127: FIGURE 128: FIGURE 129: FIGURE 130: FIGURE 131: FIGURE 132:

SOLAR PV TILES ON SOUTHERN ROOF PROCESS OF LAYING SOLAR PV TILES DETAIL OF SOLAR PV TILES WORKING OF SMART LIGHTING BASIC COMPONENTS OF PoE WORKFLOW OF PoE INTERNET OF THINGS BASED MONITORING SYSTEM INFILTRATION WELL DETAILS OF UNDERGROUND WATER TANK INFILTRATION TRENCH DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK COMPOSITE LAYERS OF OLED

FIGURE 133: OLED WORKING PRINCIPLE FIGURE 134: PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR FIGURE 135: WORKING OF A PASSIVE INFRARED SECTOR FIGURE 136: FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET DETAIL FIGURE 137: DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK FIGURE 138: DETAILS OF OVERHEAD TANK FIGURE 139: POWER FACTOR ACHIEVEMENT FIGURE 140: RADIANT COOLING ZONING FOR GROUND WATER FIGURE 141: RADIANT COOLING FLOW FIGURE 142: DOAS FLOW FIGURE 143: RELATIVE HUMIDITY GRAPH FIGURE 144: LAYOUT OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRATED SYSTEM FIGURE 145: INDOOR COOLING USING RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM FIGURE 146: REDUCTION IN COOLING LOADS USING VARIOUS FACTORS FIGURE 147: COST LINE CHART

LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 : CONSTRUCTION BUDGET ESTIMATION TABLE 2 : GOALS TABLE 3 : GOALS TABLE 4 : PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TABLE 5 : PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TABLE 6 : COMPARISON OF MATERIAL SETS FOR ENVELOPE DESIGN TABLE 7 : TEMPERATURE SETPOINT SCHEDULES (ACCORDING TO IMAC) TABLE 8 : MONTHLY CALCULATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION TABLE 9 : SOLAR PV CALCULATION (DATA FROM IISC) TABLE 10 : NET ZERO WATER CALCULATIONS TABLE 11 :BASE CASE, IMPROVED CASE TABLE 12 : TYPES OF WASTE GENERATED TABLE 13 : VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONES TABLE 14 : SOLAR TREE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 15 : COMPONENTS OF HVAC SYSTEM TABLE 16 : TEMPERATURE SENSOR SPECIFICATION TABLE 17 : TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF EQUIPMENTS AND UTILITIES.

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Our team comprises of architecture and engineering students, eager to design viable, culturally relevant solutions to help preserve India’s heritage amidst the rapid urbanization.

From day one, we have aimed to inculcate a holistic approach towards blending design values with technology. We partnered with Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune (BORI). This institute was established in 1917 and is a public organisation, efficiently serving as a key centre of Indological Studies and Research. It has one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts in South Asia, consisting of over 125,000 books and 29,510 manuscripts.

We have aimed to use each of our best skills to create a comprehensive final design. In the early stages, a focus was placed on knowledge building, which involved extensive reading of building codes, case studies, attending webinars and SLMs and more. Roles were then distributed among the team members and at each stage, the output was evaluated and improved until we arrived at a net positive design. In later stages, we consulted with our project partner and received invaluable insights on further integration of universal design in our project and solar generation strategies.

We propose an academic building and a library block on the campus of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, offering degree courses encompassing cultural, literary and scientific heritage such as Oriental studies, Indology, Indian Astronomy, Epigraphy and others. The project stays sensitive to the existing heritage structures and the flora on site. The emphasis is placed on making India’s heritage accessible to people of all backgrounds and ages, without compromising on academic integrity. Such an institute model is rare today, with only 2 in the country, but, with growing awareness about the importance of Indian culture, the project is highly scalable and replicable across the country and even in the international market.

The proposal is a self-sustainable model, with provisions for energy and water back up, both in terms of storage and generation. We make use of inventive solar shading devices and modern-day solar tiles. We integrate the use of bamboo fenestrations, seed paper and an innovative waste management system. The BAU has been optimized using ECBC guidelines.

Through the use of radiant cooling systems, DOAS and PV panels, we arrived at a net positive energy efficiency, with an EPI of 25 kWh yr/m2. A net zero water cycle was achieved through the use of composting toilets and efficient water fixtures. Structural elements such as the steel truss, insulated AAC wall assembly and aluminium clad timber frames prove useful in sustaining the structure over a century.

Since the library is archival, we make optimum use of daylighting and systems like HVAC, and lighting to best preserve the age-old manuscripts. We incorporate smart navigation and digital documentation for better functioning of the library. We also aim for covid resilience by providing Covid Occupancy Assessment for all Academic Blocks. Efficient landscape design is achieved by the use of native, non-invasive species to maintain the natural ecosystem of the site. Since the site is fairly large, xeriscaping and drip irrigation have been incorporated, saving on 70% water. Also, the use of Tall Fescue grass is made since this species needs watering only once a month.

To make the project economically viable, we weighed costs against various factors to determine the optimum case. Solar panels help cut electricity costs and excess energy is utilized as a revenue generation model. Efficient passive design reduces dependency on electricity, significantly cutting costs in the long term. The use of HBr Flow Batteries enables electricity storage at an unrivalled cost level. They enable a high power and energy density, contributing to the reduction of storage costs per kWh.

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2. TEAM SUMMARY TEAM NAME: नवरी तः INSTITUTION NAME: MKSSS Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Architecture, Pune Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur.

DIVISION: Educational Building2.1 TEAM MEMBERS:

Isha Karmalkar 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Architectural Design and Planning

Apurva Kate 3rd Year B. Arch,BNCA Resilience

Rashi Agrawal 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Water Performance Anushka Nagle 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Innovation

Falguni Joshi 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Affordability

Tanushree Tambe 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Presentation and Facade Design

Samiksha Bhosale 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Sustainability and Green Design

Sakshi Ghodake 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Energy Performance

Ruchika Jadhav TEAM LEAD 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Building Envelope, Passive Strategies and Renewable Energies.

Ankita Tambade 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Comfort and Environmental Design Arpit Pendke 3rd Year B. Tech (Civil Eng.), VNIT Engineering Design and Operation

Tamanna Tejwani 3rd Year B. Arch, BNCA Scalability and Market Potential

Atharva Deshpande 3rd Year B. Tech (Mech. Eng.), VNIT Energy Performance and Simulation

Fig 1: Team Members

2.2 ABOUT MKSSS DR. BHANUBEN NANAVATI COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE MKSSS’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Architecture for Women, founded in 1994. The institute is conceived as a multidisciplinary Centre of learning where architectural education is considered as a total personality development program. It offers the courses Bachelor of Architecture (B. Arch.), Master of Digital Architecture (M.Arch.), Environment and Landscape (M. Arch.), Diploma in Computer Aided Interior Design (CAID) and Doctorate programs (PhD) under Savitribai Phule Pune University.

2.3 APPROACH: We have aimed to create a team where every member can utilize their potential to create a comprehensive final design. In the early stages, a focus was placed on knowledge building and various building codes were assigned to team members. We then distributed the roles such as environmental design, market analysis and sustainability, among team members in accordance to our skill sets. We evaluated each design output and worked on defining more opportunities to enhance the design further until we arrived at a viable, net-positive design which showed sensitivity to the existing heritage and landscape on site.

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2.4 FACULTY: Ar. Nidhi Dixit (Lead) M. Arch (Environmental Design and Planning); Founder and Senior Consultant at Arcallusion Consulting; Assistant Professor, Dr. B.N. College of Architecture, Pune Dr. Chetan Sahasrabudhe (Advisor) Professor, Dr. B.N. College of Architecture, Pune Bachelor's / UG : B.Arch. Pune Univ. 1998 Masters/ PG : M.Arch (Architectural Conservation), SPA,Delhi,2001 Ph.D : Ph.D in Architecture , SPPU, 2017

2.5 INDUSTRY PARTNER: At Sarth Consultants, they work on innovation in design of structures and structural components for a variety of static and dynamic loads. They offer expertise in state-of-art solutions which include use of smart materials and technologies to improve performance of various structures and structural systems. We consulted with Mrs. Sujata Mehta from Sarth Consultants and received her invaluable insights on solar generation strategies as well as universal design strategies.

2.6 WORK PROCESS

PREDESIGN ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS SITE VISITS WORK DISTRIBUTION

KNOWLEDGE BUILDING AND IDEATION BOOKS, WEBINARS, CASE STUDIES, LEARNING MODULES, READING OF BUILDING CODES

CHOOSING BEST DESIGN

Fig 3: Online Meetings RHINO, GRASSHOPPER, EDGE TOOL, COVE TOOL

FURTHER IDEATION

CONSULTATION WITH INDUSTRY PARTNER DESIGN BUILDER, NREL PV CALCULATOR

NET POSITIVE SOLUTION

Fig 4: Work Process

Regular meetings were conducted on MS Teams to facilitate group work in the online mode.

Fig 5: Site Visit on BORI Campus

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3. PROJECT SUMMARY 3.1 PROJECT NAME: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) 3.2 PROJECT PARTNER: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, was established on July 6, 1917, in the memory of Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, India's leading pioneer of scientific Orientology. The institute is a public organisation and has efficiently served as a key centre of Indological Studies and Research.

Key Individual: Mr. Bhupal Patwardhan (Chief Executive Director)

3.3 PROJECT BRIEF: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) wants to build an academic building and a library for the expanding Academic curriculum that offers degree courses in Oriental studies, Indology, Indian Astronomy, Epigraphy, Botany, Seed Technology, Plant Breeding, which encompasses cultural, literary, scientific, and natural heritage, while preserving the existing heritage structures of the campus.

The emphasis of BORI’s learning curriculum is to make India’s rich heritage (history, philosophy of Indic religions, and ancient literatures) accessible to all, but without compromising on academic integrity.

Building type: Educational building Project purpose: Design Build Own Operate Location: 812, Chiplunkar Road, ILS, Law College Road, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411004 Proposed Area Climate zone: Warm and Humid (by ECBC 2017) Site Stage of project: Design phase Institutional Number of occupants: 570-600 students + 35-45 staffs Residential + Hours of operation: Student Zone - 7AM-6PM ; 5 Days/week (by ECBC) Commercial N Back Office - 8AM-5PM ; 5 Days/week (by ECBC) Figure 6. Site Neighbourhood Library & Computer Centre - 8AM-11PM ; 7 Days/week (by ECBC) In BORI campus there are many blocks that can be proposed/constructed like Academic, Library, Museum, Ancillary, Residential & Revenue Generation, but we are proposing only Academic and Library blocks.

Existing structures Site area (sqm) : 46,630 sqm.

Proposed Road Proposed Site Area : 15740.97 Site Area Permissible ground coverage : 33.33% Proposed Area Proposed Structures Allowable FAR : 1 N Figure 7. Site view (Site is covered with trees ) Figure 8. Site model view Height Restrictions : 24 meters

The Indo-Islamic architecture wears meditative silence and features, which we have tried to carry forward by implementing such architectural design features through our design.

Picking few important elements and features from past and not forgetting future needs is the most possible way to stay connected with ancient BORI style

Design Features Carried Forward

BORI Institute is South Asia’s biggest repository of ancient texts and is a home to a grand reference archives on oriental studies. BORI’s 100 years have given India and the world the flowing resource of literary heritage for thousands of years to come.

Preserving such heritage buildings is important to boost people’s attraction in future. In next 100 years, the institute will work to build on its treasure BORI’s 100 years have given India and the world the flowing resource of literary heritage for thousands of years to come.

Sustain for Coming 100 Years

About BORI Institute Fig 9: Timeline of BORI

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3.4. SPECIAL REQUIREMENT OF PROJECT PARTNER

Since BORI has a cultural background and rich heritage, client interested in designing the academic and library buildings with response to the existing architecture of the buildings and landscape, combination of old and new, using modern technologies not forgetting the old values. Special requirement of the client are :● To cater to the user group entering the building. ● To enhance the facility for teaching and research. ● To increase awareness about BORI campus by opening up to various user groups. ● To increase awareness about Indology and Orientology. ● To generate funding for the institution. ● To sustain the building for next 100 years since BORI has completed its 100 years.

3.5 CONSTRUCTION BUDGET ESTIMATION Preliminary construction budget done under guidance of consultant to receive pertinent figures required to build the whole project.

Sr No.

Particulars

Baseline Estimate (Project Partner / SOR basis) Amount in % Million INR

1

Civil Works

18.93

-

17.87

-

2

Internal Works

11.44

-

10.99

-

3

MEP Services( including Radiant Cooling System)

37482.81

4

Equipment & Furnishing

7

5

Landscape & Site Development

34.61

6

Contingency

0.00

5.0%

TOTAL HARD COST

37554.83

105%

33696.16

94.7%

TOTAL PROJECT COST

37554.83

100%

33696.16

89.7%

100.0% -

Proposed Design Estimate Amount in Million INR

33637.66 6.64

-

%

89.6% -

23

0.1%

0.00

5.0%

Table 1 : Construction Budget Estimation

3.6. INFERENCES FROM CASE STUDIES ● ●

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Buildings, as the are designed today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources.

The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demand for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting cause severe depletion of natural resources The process of designing the net zero energy building allows all stakeholders involved to partake in a real life integrated design and realize it within an academic environment.

Pre-design analysis helps in establishing goals, make informed decisions, optimize performance to achieve maximum energy savings and after construction, operate the building with an understanding of the EUI budget and impact of operational decisions.

The energy-efficient design is to modulate the conditions such that they are always within or as close as possible to the comfort zone.

Modulations introduced by landscape, built forms, material availability and usage and other energy controlling methods makes the structure comfortable within the range of 24 hr cycle.

There are multiple challenges faced in the design and construction of an energy efficient structure. In order to improve the building envelope, various passive heating-cooling techniques need to be designed and implemented.

The building should be naturally ventilated, eliminating resource-draining mechanical systems, highlighting the maximum use of natural factors available.

Facade orientations, structural openings, distribution of spaces, all add to an environment and user favourable structure.

There is a need of Integrated approach to building design.

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4. GOALS CONTEST AREA ENERGY PERFORMANCE

WATER PERFORMANCE

RESILIENCE

STRATEGIES USED

GOALS Reducing the energy requirement of the building while providing maximum thermal comfort to the users. ● Net Zero energy design ● Target Energy Performance Index (EPI): 50 kWh. yr/m2

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Resolving the water logging issue on the site and self-sufficient net zero water building design ● Achieving Target Water Performance Index: 86.96% ● Setting up a Rainwater harvesting system and managing stormwater. ● Modern irrigation techniques to avoid wastage of water.

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Enhancing the building’s ability to cater to the changing climate and environmental conditions as well as ensuring a smooth functionality. ● Designing with a futuristic approach to tackle unexpected hazards. ● Building to be able to adapt and attune to environmental, economic and social calamities. ● Considering whole life-cycle of the building right from construction to demolition, with use of natural and recyclable materials.

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AFFORDABILITY

INNOVATION

Saving on Construction, Operational and Maintenance Costs, at the same time providing opportunities for Future investments. ● Aiming for a low payback period without compromising on the desired performance of the building. ● Designing with cost effective and structurally appropriate materials. ●

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Table 2 : Goals

Inculcating a holistic approach towards blending the design values with technological aspects of the design.

Innovative passive heating and cooling strategies, yet sticking by the roots of traditional vernacular Architecture.

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ACHIEVED TARGETS

Optimum utilisation of Renewable energies on site like Solar Power generations and rainwater Harvesting.

Proposing energy saving appliances and technologies.

Use of efficient materials and suitable insulation for reduction of energy consumption

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Foam flush composting toilet.

Rainwater harvesting and stormwater collection.

Proposing low flow plumbing fixtures.

Treating generated grey water and using the same for irrigation and radiant cooling system.

Use of xeriscaping

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The project is a self sustaining model in terms of energy generation and long term goals.

The structure is designed to manifest for 100 successful years of BORI. Combination of both natural materials and modern technologies are used to put up a resilient building.

Provisions for energy and water backup in terms of storage or generation.

Use of Carbon Tiles, that reduces the environmental impact and is a solution to air pollution.

Effective Fire extinguishing system

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Simplifying construction by integrating building assemblies, saving on construction and labour cost.

Use of Solar Power to reduce electricity costs and utilisation of excess energy as a revenue generation model.

Waste disposal and recycling practices on site.

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Using radiant cooling technique as energy saving appliances.

Inventive solar shading devices and techniques.

Use of modern day Solar tiles.

Innovative waste management.

Use of pavegen tiles to generate electrical energy from footsteps.

Solar trees to balance energy production .

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Achieved EPI 21.3 kWh. yr/m2 30 % reduction in energy consumption by using Radiant cooling system .

Achieved net-positive energy design using PV systems.

Achieved super ECBC benchmark

Saving 97% water in flushing and generating revenue from the compost.

Saving 60% water through fixtures used.

Saving 70% water in irrigation.

Achieved net zero water cycle.

Thermal Comfort achieved.

Structural Resilience promised by using study and long lasting materials.

BORI has rich cultural giveaways to offer, thereby building community Resilience Universal Design strategies used to achieve user inclusive design.

Affordable construction and full proof Solar Revenue generation model.

Effective waste disposal and management model and recycling on site.

Energy Backup and Water backup achieved via Solar PV Model and water treatment.

Used locally available materials.

Proposed Radiant Cooling System.

Thermal comfort Reduction in cost estimation cut down on use of electricity and water, also help reap significant returns in the future. electricity storage at an unrivalled cost level.

Emission of carbon through building materials is prevented .

By using composting toilet human waste can be used for landscaping, revenue generation or for wastewater disposed plant.

Preventing greenhouse gas emission and to protect the environment by radiant cooling system .

6

4. GOALS CONTEST AREA

GOALS ●

SCALABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL

●

●

HEALTH AND WELLBEING

●

●

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ● ●

●

●

●

ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS

●

●

●

COMMUNICATION ●

●

STRATEGIES USED

Developing a scalable and multi-functional building prototype which fulfills maximum Green Building performance standards.

With growing awareness for Indian Culture and Heritage, BORI would be seen as a replicable design at various Heritage Institutes all over the country and in the international market,with exchange of knowledge and culture across various disciples.

●

To bring about positive changes for all the stakeholders of the project while improving the overall quality of the spaceincorporating passive design strategies and natural materials.

Aiming to design a COVID resilient building by performing Covid Occupancy Assessment for all Academic Blocks.

● ●

Maintenance, Conservation and Adaptation of existing Heritage of BORI Campus to the proposed functions.

A green building inspired design parameters.

Achieving the target EPI and Green Building Standards, seeking a balance between outdoor and indoor spaces.

Retaining the Vernacular Building Language of the structures to complement the existing Heritage Institute.

Efficient Landscape design by using Native and non-invasive species to maintain the natural ecosystem of the site.

●

Library is meant to accommodate age old books, manuscripts, scriptures, and literary documents collected over 90 years, which needs well designed preservation strategies with optimum HVAC, plumbing, lighting , etc.

Reducing dependence on artificial Lighting by Optimum use of daylighting as the maximum occupancy is during Morning hours.

Optimization of energy consumption, achieving Power factor of 0.8 to 0.9.

●

Active communication between client and designer, in terms of roadblocks and design decisions.

To approach as many platforms as possible to narrate this beautiful journey and the learnings.

Generate awareness regarding the project.

●

●

●

●

●

Product-based approach & Off site Manufacturing Providing round clock inception, workforce, planning, execution and consultancy, all issues addressed under one roof.

Improving productivity and quality along with minimization of cost and time.

Set up manufacturing plants within their premises to do away with transportation.

●

Not a sick- building Both buildings pass the covid assessment, providing sufficient space for one individual.

Excellent ventilation in both structures make sure air is circulated well and prevents spaces from becoming stuffy.

●

Different materials enhanced to innovative construction Digitalization of product and process improved efficiency, productivity.

It is easily replicated throughout the country according to context.

This is operated in different circumstances.

More accessible material that reduced the economic bills

●

●

● ●

Annual sunlight exposure between 250-500 lux.

Achieved a ventilation rate of 1114 l/s in the library block.

Provision of ramps at all entry/ exits to ensure Universal accessibility.

Provision of mixed mode HVAC system, helping in optimising thermal comfort.

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

● ●

Table 3 : Goals

ACHIEVED TARGETS

Using elements of Wada architecture to make the structure more relevant to the context of Pune.

Provision of open, external corridors to ensure maximum thermal comfort.

Using cost efficient, sustainable, vernacular materials that fit the context to achieve a minimum EPI. Provision of sloped roofing to enable the usage of solar tiles and also drainage of stormwater. ramps, elevators to make the structure universally accessible.

●

●

●

Proposing use of occupancy sensor and Power over ethernet to increase efficiency.

Reducing energy consumption through building management system Developing case specific shading devices with the use of bamboo which is a sustainable material.

Maximizing use of renewable energy

●

Keeping stakeholders informed of project timeline, budget, and needs.

Use of various social and digital media to generate awareness regarding the project.

Designing a documentary for the project.

Designing a software to integrate all BMS of the building.

●

● ●

●

●

●

Using traditional and modern materials like stone cladding with auto aerated blocks to give maximum efficiency.

Using xeriscaping as a landscape strategy, using non invasive plant species that require minimum to no maintenance and less water.

Using bamboo in fenestration to reduce heat gain and radiation.

Achieved power factor of 0.8.

Wall envelope with a U value of 0.387 W/m2 Replaced conventional roofing tiles with Solar PV tiles.

Successfully integrated radiant cooling system even with a sloping roof profile.

Use of efficient strategies like Infiltration trench, injection well, and innovations like solar tree.

Our instagram handle @navriti_solardecathlon is currently our major asset Panning to publish our report in BNCA BuildText Journal.

7

5. CLIMATE ANALYSIS Relative Temperature

Figure 10. Dry bulb temperature(c)- Hourly

5.1 RELATIVE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY :

Relative Humidity

Above 32°C

Too humid Above 71%

Between 10°C-32°C

Comfortable 30%-70%

Below 10°C

Too dry Below 30%

Figure 11. Relative humidity (%)- Hourly

Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate (koppen Aw).which is further classified into temperate zone.according to ECBC it is stated as wet and humid which is undertaken while application of services and HVAC System.

The average annual temperature in Pune is 24.3 °C High temperatures observed in March, April, May whereas Low temperatures observed in Jan, Feb.i.e31.9°C.

30days

25 days

20 days

15 days

10 days

5 days

0 days Jan

Feb

Figure 12. Annual Rainfall

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

High radiation

Figure 13.Precipitation

5.3 PRECIPITATION :

5.2 AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL : 763 mm. 79% of Annual rainfall in monsoon season. July is the wettest month of the year. Mean monthly highest rainfall in July:184 mm.The driest month is January, with 1 mm or 0.0 inch of rainfall.

With an average of 340 mm

Days with less than 20% cloud cover are considered as sunny, with 20-80% cloud cover as partly cloudy and with more than 80% as overcast.

Medium Radiation

Low Radiation

Figure 14. Total radiation

5.4 RADIATION :

Speed m/s

Figure 15. Speed of winds

5.5 Wind Speed :

The wind is most often from the west for 8 months, from February to October , with a peak percentage of 99% on August.

5.7 Adaptive comfort :

Figure 16 Direction of winds

5.6 Wind Direction :

The wind is most often from the west for 8 months, from February to October , with a peak percentage of 99% on August.

The peaks and valleys of this fig corresponds to the expected daily temperature profile for site location Using this fig we are determining the comfort hours and need of thermal comfort during the low temperature which helped us to design effectively.

By taking radiation into consideration the best placement for glazing and possible radiation mediation can be achieved.

High radiation : Good for glazing placement in heating dominant areas.

Medium radiation : Glazing placed here would add heat into the space Low radiation : Good for glazing placement in cooling dominant areas.

The red/orange peaks shows a high solar radiation exposure.passive or active cooling strategies might be needed to mediate the condition.

A building will be comfortable during the mid-range (yellow-orange) hours without any active system.

The blue valleys show a low temperature duration.heating support might be needed to provide thermal comfort during the occupied hours

Figure 17. Adaptive Comfort

8

6.1. SITE ANALYSIS 6.1.1. Site Area: 46,630 sqm. (12 Acre approx) 6.1.2. Context : There is a big junction on north east which is a plus point and

Law College is adjacent to the site.

Site is almost covered and shadowed by the trees. BORI is situates in foot of Patal Tekdi (Hill) therefore it has contours.

6.1.3. Soil Type of the Site :

Figure 19. Vegetation On Site Site is surrounded by dense vegetation.

Red soil Lack of nitrogen Nature of soil; found in areas of heavy rainfall and humidity, Good growth of vegetation

● ● ● ●

Figure 20. Slope Analysis BORI is a highly contoured site.

Figure 21. Man-Made Factor Site surrounded by many institutes and other commercial and residential spaces

Figure 22. Sun Path and Wind direction Prevalent Wind direction on site is West.

Figure 18. Site Plan There are 3 existing structures - Tata Hall , Nizam Guest House and Auditorium

4 Wheeler vehicles 2 Wheeler vehicles

Figure 23.Road Network North - Senapati Bapat road East - Law College road West - Proposed Hill road

Figure 24. Vehicular Traffic Vehicular Traffic is more in afternoon

Site Institutional Residential + Commercial Figure 25. Type of soil on site Site is covered with Red Soil.

Figure 26. Noise Conjunctions Site is getting high noise from adjacent roads and a road junction.

Figure 27. Hydrology Map As slope is towards the east , so water flows in the same direction.

Figure 28. Site Gradient On upper side it has steep slope On lower side it has rolling slope.

Figure 29. Land Use Most of the surrounded area is institutional

6.2. SHOE BOX MODEL ANALYSIS 6.2.1 FORM DEVELOPMENT

Creating negative spaces from a square, to then make open areas/ courtyards. ● Provision of Courtyards - Better Ventilation and Daylight Figure 31. Plan Figure 32. Extruded Plan ● Figure 30 to 33 describes the process of form development Figure 30 Zoning Provision of sloping roof to prevent water logging caused by 6.2.2 SHADOW ANALYSIS heavy rainfall and to also fit the January September April context and heritage of the site. ●

Figure 33. 3d model with marked green spaces

Figure 35. Roof Profile 9 AM

12 PM

5 PM

9 AM

12 PM

5 PM

9 AM

12 PM

5 PM

Figure 34. Shadow Analysis at different times

Hottest time of the day over the entire year has been noted as 12 noon with the highest radiation being seen on the Southern facade.

Availability of natural light in most of the areas, due to the form developed.

Figure 36. Natural Lighting

Good wind flow around the building with minimum wake.

Pressure evenly distributed over the surface.

Figure 37. Wind Flow Analysis

9

UPDATED

7. CONTEXT AND APPROACH 7.1 Context The site sits amidst the urban fabric of Pune, which has a very rich culture and heritage in terms of architecture, arts and crafts, theatre and music.

The existing campus is oriented towards east and consists of heritage structures such as Tata Hall, Nizam House and the Press building.

A lot of mixed land-use is seen in the vicinity with institutes like MIT College, BMCC, Deccan Gymkhana, PYC, Garware College. Given the right opportunities, many people globally would be drawn to engage in the cultural exchange.

● ● ●

Figure 38.

Contextual Plan

7.2 MATERIAL AVAILABILITY ●

Readily available through Industrial Construction Material Supplier in Hinjewadi, Chakan & Pune in customized ranges that can be availed by customers as per their specifications.

7.3 HOW IT AFFECTS SURROUNDING LOCALITIES Cost effective solutions for such a centre in terms of technology and design can be used irrespective of the location.

This idea is strong enough to be replicated at various places.

The project makes business sense as the world is starting to re-realize the importance of culture and the environment and the idea can be replicated at various places all over the country to engage interested people.

● CONCRETE BLOCK

AGGREGATES

IRON RODS

TMT STEEL

● ●

7.4 MATERIAL ANALYSIS ●

● ACC BLOCKS

BRICKS

● ●

CEMENT

XPS INSULATION

● ● ●

CARBON TILE

CORRUGATED SHEET

●

● WIRE MESH

Figure 39: Traffic at the adjacent road

RADIANT PIPE

●

●

The project has many opportunities as it deals with exchange of knowledge through various mediums. With the integration of technology, it can have a very large outreach.

Considering the lifecycle of cost, rather than just capital cost, we see that investing in green building strategies results in high returns in the future.

Engaged in providing an entire range of Construction Materials and keep innovating them based on current market trends and expectations.

India has 30 percent of the world's bamboo resources, making it the second largest producer of bamboo. However, it constitutes for only 4% of the global market and 50% of domestic demand.

In 2017, the government recognised bamboo as a grass to encourage trade.

Bamboo, when utilized properly, will certainly be a game changer for the environment as well as socio-economically backward areas.

Carbon Craft Design has come up with a unique technique that captures air pollutants (carbon) from the environment before incorporating them within its creatively designed tiles. These tiles are called Carbon tiles that work by lessening carbon emissions through building materials, XPS is a high performance, water resistant and lightweight board of thermal insulation. It also strengthens the general infrastructure as a result of its various properties like high compressive strength and moisture resistance.

Corrugations increase tensile strength,which enhances its resistance to all kinds of weight loads and impact. High growth potential of the market is attracting new local as well as international players toward the market.

Wire mesh can be cut and bent to produce a variety of shapes based on application required. Wire Mesh Manufacturers have excelled in this domain with their innovative approach.

PEX (radiant pipes) has numerous advantages such as improved resistance to stress cracking, decent weather-ability, better chemical resistance, and superb degradation stability, thereby, driving the demand for PEX technology.

7.5 REQUIREMENTS OF PROJECT PARTNER Figure 40: AQI of the site

● ●

Providing an economically viable academic block.

Ensuring adequate privacy and facilities for the preservation and conservation of ancient art and texts.

10

8. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS: Climate zone: Warm and Humid (by ECBC 2017) Average Annual Temperature: 24.3°C Average Humidity: 63%

Input Parameters

Units

Proposed Design Values

General

Latitude: 18°31N Longitude: 73°49E Average Annual Rainfall: 1200mm

HVAC System Type and Description

-

Radiant Cooling System + DOAS

Mixed mode strategy in operation/controls of AC & window

-

Setpoint 2°C lower than cooling setpoint for maximum use of NV

Building Area

m²

3421

Conditioned Area

m²

1880

Building Occupancy Hours

-

8 am- 6pm

Cooling Source

-

Water Chillers (hydronic)

Average Occupant Density

m² / person

9.6

Cooling capacity

kW

880

Internal Loads Interior Average LPD

W/m²

7

Min. OA ventilation

l/sec.m²

0.84

Envelope Roof Assembly U value

W/m².K

1.03

Roof Assembly SRI

W/m².K

0.7

Average Wall Assembly U value

W/m².K

0.27

WWR

%

North:40, South:15, East:20, West:13.6

Windows U value

W/m².K

1.761

Windows SHGC

-

0.25

Windows VLT

%

70

Infiltration rate

ac/h

0.25

Table 4 : Performance Specification

9. DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

Cooling COP

Chiller COP- 6.2

Operation Hours

10am-6pm

Cooling Set Point

ºC

24

Renewable Energy Type

-

Array

Efficiency

%

96

Generation Capacity

kWh/ year

2,066,685

Water System Domestic Requirement

lpd

29250 2

Irrigation

l/m

8

STP Capacity

l

314000

Treated Water Quality

mg/l

50

Rainwater System Type

_

Rooftop rainwater and surface runoff harvesting

Table 5 : Performance Specification

CONCEPT

Using elements of vernacular architecture seen around Pune (wadas) to fit the context of Pune. This includes incorporating traditional construction materials with modern ones to give an efficient structure.

Since many students, researchers, professionals around the globe come to study Indology here. This will make Bhandarkar Institute a representative of the culture we have here in India while also attracting revenue for such a prestigious campus.

FEATURES Providing ramps at all entrances and exits to ensure all spaces are universally accessible, to get maximum people to avail the provided services.

Using intelligent building systems like building management system (BMS), sensor and other methods to reduce contact as much as possible.

Fig 41: Passive Design Strategies

Landscaping strategies include provision of pergolas as seating spacing with xeriscaping which need minimum water and almost no maintenance.

11

9.1 ENERGY PERFORMANCE 9.1.1 Energy Performance Modelling

Baseline

Building Envelope

Lighting & HVAC

Design Phase

Intelligent building

Figure 42: Energy performance timeline

The figure 42 explains the evidence-based design process of how a simple structure achieved intelligent, sustainable and net-zero building compliance.

60

Super ECBC design achieved

5%

15% 15%

Base Case | Passive Strategies

|

Equipment

Efficiency

Lighting

HVAC

|

12%

Comfort Optimizing Operation

EPI(reduction)

30%

|

PV

Radiant Cooling

10

Efficient Light Fixtures

20

Daylighting

Envelope Optimization

30

Mixed Mode Operation

16%

40

0

60% Reduction

7%

50

Shading

Energy Performance Index (kwh/m2.yr)

9.1.2 Reduction in EPI using Energy Consumption Measures

BMS

| Proposed net-zero design

Reduction

Figure 43: Optimization of Proposed Design.

The main aim is step-by-step procurement to propose net-zero building design using simulation models like Design Builder and Edge tool. The BAU is optimized using ECBC, IMAC for occupancy,envelope,lighting,HVAC as shown in figure 43. The Energy Conservation Measures mentioned are: Passive Design Strategies: -Shading: Analysing shading effects on built-unbuilt spaces using climate analysis for comfort gains.

-Envelope Optimization: WALL

SETS

ROOF

GLAZING

SET A

SETB

SET C

SET A

SET B

SET C

SET A

SET B

SET C

Layer 1

AAC block 100mm

AAC block 100mm

Brick 115 mm

Clay tiles

Solar tiles

Conc.slab 100mm

Aluminium Clad: timber frame

Aluminum

UPVAC

Layer 2

Air Cavity 50mm

Cellulosic Insulation 100mm

Air Cavity 50mm

Timber rafter

XPS Insulation 25mm

Brick bat 75mm

Generic clear 6mm Low E

Generic clear 6mm

Generic clear 3mm

AAC block 100mm

AAC block 150mm

Brick 115mm

-

Steel rafter

Mortar 25mm

Air Gap13mm

Air Gap13mm

Air Gap6mm

Layer 4

Plaster 12mm

Plaster 12mm

Plaster 12mm

-

-

Tiles 12mm

Generic clear 6mm

Generic clear 6mm

Clear 3mm

Uvalue

0.387 W/m2K

0.27 W/m2K

1.234 W/m2K

1.86 W/m2K

0.17 W/m2K

1.104 W/m2K

1.716 W/m2K

2.665 W/m2K

1.8 W/m2K

Layer 3

Table 6: Comparison of Material sets for Envelope Design.

U-value (W/m2K)

This step includes designing an envelope system that minimizes the heat transfer from the exterior to the interior. The envelope includes walls, roof and window. Detailed research on the material specification of the envelope system was done to shortlist a few configurations of wall, roof and window type. The material sets were optimized for U-Value,availability and cost. A detailed comparison of the material sets has been shown in the table 6 and the selection out of these palette as materials is shown in figure 44 which is based on the U-value of materials Wall

Roof

Glazing

Figure 44. Comparison of Envelope Combination.

12

Efficiency: -Daylighting: using at advantage to reduce load on artificial lighting.

-Efficient light fixtures: to cover drawbacks of existing fixtures and reduce blue light emission by 30% Operations and strategies: - MMO: used to achieve comfortable indoor environments whilst minimising reliance on energy intensive HVAC systems.

-Comfort optimization: To operate the AC system according to the adaptive thermal comfort, floating set points are optimized. The Table 7 provides range of indoor operative temperature for warm and humid climate according to IMAC for mixed mode buildings. Comfort is also based on human occupancy loads hence fig 45-47 give a collaborate idea of occupancy based according to their activities and hours.

Jan-Feb

March

April-June

July-September

November

December

25°C

26°C

27°C

28°C

27°C

25°C

Table 7: Temperature setpoint schedules (According to IMAC)

BMS: System to manage, analyse data and efficiently use the incorporated amenities like using sensors to reduce load on HVAC. These measures lead to an EPI of 21.3 kWh/m2 .yr with a solar PV system designed to cater to 110 % of the current energy demand of the building.

No. of occupants

9.1.3 Occupancy Program Schedules

No. of occupancy hours

No. of occupancy hours

Fig 45: Occupancy schedule for Library

No. of occupancy hours

Fig 46: Occupancy schedule for Office and Admin

Fig 47: Occupancy schedule for Classroom

9.1.4 Energy Consumption Calculations (kWh) Months

Light

Fans

Equipment

CCTV

PA

Radiant Cooling

Lift

+ DOAS

Pumps

Total by

(KW/H)

month

January

252.6

126

626.12

393.48

397.75

228.34

400

4978

7402.29

February

250.1

216.7

662.49

390.24

387

249.81

440

4447

7043.34

March

355.1

265.8

893.23

293.48

387.75

836.211

421

4564

8016.571

April

453.6

298.6

709.81

332.4

377.5

1041.36

354

4330

7897.27

May

240.9

305

845.6

263.9

337.75

1632.57

252

2350

6227.72

June

240.6

210

512.45

275.5

397.5

468.26

398

3800

6302.31

July

240.1

195.7

897.23

293.48

317.75

156.998

446

4807

7454.25

August

340.9

265.8

843.14

297.6

317.75

265.87

475

5132

7838.06

Septembe r

250

289.1

351.3

294.5

307.5

159.845

512

4807

6971.24

October

365.6

179.6

562.65

293.5

317.75

252.65

452

5573

7996.75

November

270.25

247

652.45

215.3

307.5

148.36

385

3204

5429.86

December

282.3

265.1

986.24

256.8

397.75

146.95

414

3924

6673.14

Total

3542.05

4949

51916

85,252.814

2864.4

8542.71

3600.18 4251.25

5,587.22

Table 8: Monthly Calculation of Energy Consumption

9.1.5 Energy generation and Achievements:

All the extensive generations on site are made through solar generation. Refer table 8 for monthly calculations of energy consumption.

Total Energy Active

85,252.

814 kwh

Figure 48: Net Positive Design Achievement

Total Energy Generation:P V System

5,10,000 kwh

13

9.1.6 RENEWABLE ENERGY ON SITE 9.1.6.1 SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM (ON GRID) Size of Power Plant Feasible Plant size as per your Roof Top

340kW

With on site solar energy generation we aim to:

Area

●

Cost of the Plant MNRE current Benchmark Cost (without

₹ 35886/ kW

GST) 510000 kWh

Life-Time (25 years)

12750000 kWh

Financial Savings Tariff @ ₹ 6.58/kWh (for top slab of traffic)- No increase assumed over 25 Monthly Annually Life-Time (25 years)

Annual energy consumption is 330000 kwh, and solar energy

1 kWp Solar rooftop plant will generate on a average over the year 5.0kWh of electricity per day (considering 5.5 sunshine hours).

production surpass this number. Hence this excess energy is used to generate revenue by storing them in HBr Batteries and selling it in Domestic units.

●

Annual

₹ 279650 ₹ 3355800 ₹ 83895000

The installation will be equivalent to planting 16728 Teak Trees over the lifetime

Meet Sustainability goals Generate new revenue stream.

Average solar irradiation in Maharashtra state is 1266.52 W/sq.m (SPIN-Ministry of New And Renewable Energy) ●

Total Electricity Generation from Solar Plant

Years:

Lower operating cost of the structure with reliable source of energy.

Carbon Dioxide emissions mitigated is 10455 tonnes.

Table 9: Solar PV Calculation (Data from IISc)

The Solar grid is designed as a combination of both Solar Tiles on roof and 33 Solar Trees installed on site. Refer fig. 49 for schematic plan of solar grid. Solar PVs lead to inverters, connected to HBr Batteries for storage, opening into electrical meter, and excess power released back to grid.

9.1.6.2 RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Figure 50 : Rainwater Harvesting Diagram

Catchment area on the roof receives the rainwater.

This water goes through a rainwater harvesting filter which automatically flushes out dirt and debris. The harvested water is stored in storage tanks for immediate usage. This water is used in drinking fountains, kitchen sinks, and washbasins. Stormwater falling on the ground is collected in a recharge pit from different channels on the ground and is filtered.

Filtered water gets pumped up and is stored in an overhead tank. Refer fig. 50.

Figure 49 : Solar Tiles on Roof and Solar Trees on site for energy generation

9.2. WATER CONSUMPTION

The water cycle diagram shows source, treatment and circulation of water.The potable water supplied through municipal service is used for drinking, cooking, and washing. Whereas the non-potable water i.e., the grey water (generated on site) is treated in the grey water treatment plant with the help of rapid sand filtration method and is used for radiant cooling and irrigation purposes.(Figure 52. Water Cycle Diagram)

Daily Water Consumption Calculation

No. of occupants = 600 Water consumption per head = 45 l Water consumption per head per day = 600 x 45 = 27000 l

Capacity Of Storage Tanks -

For OHT = 1 day capacity = 27000 l For UGT = 2 days capacity = 54000 l For Fire Fighting = 20% of 1 day capacity = 5400 l Total tanks capacity = 3 days capacity + Fire fighting capacity Figure 51: Water Cycle Diagram

14

Month

Days in mont h

Rainf all (mm)

Effec tive rain (mm)

Harveste d water (l)

Muncipalit y water supply (l)

Primary demand (l)

Grey water generate d (l)

Irrigation seasonal factor (%)

Irrigation Water demand (l)

July

31

171

166

1191764

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

August

31

140

121

868695

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

September

30

142

137

981410

810000

810000

405000

39%

148339.78

0

256660.22

810000

81000

October

31

86

81

580087

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

November

30

22

17

118458

810000

810000

405000

39%

148339.78

0

256660.22

810000

81000

December

31

7

2

14359

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

January

31

2

0

0

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

February

28

2

0

0

762750

762750

381375

48%

171922.01

0

209452.99

762750

81000

March

31

1

0

0

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

April

30

10

5

34461

810000

810000

405000

39%

148339.78

0

256660.22

810000

81000

May

31

30

25

179482

837000

837000

418500

50%

196518.52

0

221981.48

837000

81000

June

30

171

166

1194635

810000

810000

405000

39%

148339.78

0

256660.22

810000

81000

Total

5163351

9936000

9936000

4930875

Irrigation fresh water demand (l)

Unused grey water (l)

Total fresh water demand (l)

Stora ge (l)

2140910

Table 10 : Net zero water calculations

Figure 52. Water demand and storage

Figure 53. Unused grey water

Figure 54. Harvested rainwater

The storage capacity of municipal supply water is designed for 3 days capacity. 1 day capacity of water will be refilled every day.

The water generated on site(rainwater harvesting + treated grey water) = 10094226 l/month The water supply from municipal corporation = 9936000 l/month Since, the on site generation of water is greater than the demand supply from municipal corporation, our building meets net zero water conditions.

The generated grey water is used in two parts, 50% for irrigation and other 50% for radiant cooling (unused grey water).

9.3. WATER EFFICIENCY DESIGN 9.3.1 FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET ●

●

●

Saving water by Use of "Foam-Flush Composting" which saves 3 oz.of water. It basically use a mixture of biocompatible soap and water, the foam-flush toilet moves waste through a conventional 4" pipe to the composting tank below.(refer figure 55) It is an aerobic composting system which is odorless and transforms human waste into a rich and well-stabilized mulch.

It uses 99.6% less water than standard toilets.

A SECONDARY LID With a rubber seal creates an airtight seal and stops any insects from getting in.

BALL VALVE Is connected to the bottom To drain any surplus liquid from the bin.

GARDEN HOSE Takes the nutrient rich liquid to a read bed growing system

AIR VENT 4 ventilation pipes are attached in each corner to a channel air to a chimney powered by the sun or a small computer fan.

SAWDUST 20L of sawdust is laid as a base to kick start the compost toilet.1-2 scoops is then added each time time it is used.

FILTER Is made with a shade cloth wrapped around a metal grill.This lets liquid pass to the bottom.

Figure 55. Foam Flush Composting Toilet Detail

15

9.3.2 GREY WATER TREATMENT Treating grey water with rapid sand filtration method :● The sand filtration is a combination of physical, chemical and biological process as it removes turbidity, organic matter and microorganisms.(refer figure 56) ● Coarse particles help to remove suspended solids, whereas fine particles remove ions by adsorption and ion exchange Mechanism..

9.3.3 INDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION

To reduce indoor water consumption , we are using Figure 56. Rapid Sand Filtration Method ● Treated grey water in cleaning , water faucets , water closets & urinals. ● Using low flow plumbing fixtures for ex. ● Low-Flow Showerheads - 8 L/min (typical value is 12 L/min). ● Low-Flow Faucets in all bathrooms - 2 L/min (typical value is 6 L/min). ● Water Efficient Urinals - 3 L/flush (typical value is 6 L/flush). ● Low-Flow Faucets for kitchen sink - 4 L/min (typical value is 8 L/min). ● Foam flush composting toilet - saves 97% water. ● Condensate collected from HVAC system is used for irrigation.

9.3.4 OUTDOOR WATER USE REDUCTION ● ●

To reduce outdoor water use in irrigation we are using effective irrigation system like drip irrigation and xeriscaping to avoid unnecessary waste of water.

Using Tall Fescue grass, which need water only once a week.

9.3.5 INJECTION WELL ●

●

●

An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water, wastewater, brine (salt water), or water mixed with industrial chemical waste.

Principle of injection well is to pass runoff water through multilayers of filter media and stores into storage well which creates water column into deeper layer of semi pervious strata through percolated pipe and helps water to percolate into deeper layer of strata with the help of capillary action.

We have used Class V wells which include stormwater drainage wells and septic system leach fields.

Figure 57. Injection well

9.3.5 BASE AND IMPROVED CASE COMPARISON

Figure 58. Base Case Water Efficiency

Water efficiency improved by using foam flush composting toilet & treated grey and rain water harvesting for flushing , irrigation , cleaning and ground water recharge.(refer figure 58 and 59)

Figure 59. Improved Water Efficiency ELEMENTS

Basecase

Mid-case

Improved case

Shower

3%

2%

1%

Water Closet

17%

7%

1%

Water faucet

4%

4%

1%

Cafeteria

9%

6%

3%

Irrigation

35%

23%

8%

Table 11 : Base Case ; Water Efficiency : 35.37% Improved Case ; Water Efficiency : 86.96%

16

9.4. RESILIENCE Thermal comfort achieved using Passive Design strategies like natural ventilation.

Structural Resilience promised by using study and long lasting materials.

BORI has rich cultural giveaways to offer, thereby building community and cultural Resilience.

Universal Design strategies used to achieve user inclusive design.

Easy replacement options in roof construction, incase of any natural calamities like earthquake and storm.

Affordable construction and full proof Solar and rainwater harvesting Revenue generation model.

Effective waste disposal and management model and recycling on site.

Energy Backup and Water backup achieved via Solar PV Model, and water treatment.

9.4.1 WATER RESILIENCE Pune has been facing water shortage and sanitation issues from the past few years, in response to this we designed a self-sufficient and functioning net-water management system including rainwater harvesting with 3 days of water storage as backup and exceeding water as a revenue generation strategy.

Use of foam flush composting toilets and grey water treatment for irrigation and radiant cooling has reduced the fresh water demand. 60% of harvested rainwater is dedicated for ground water recharge via injection wells, there by making the soil healthy and cooling the microclimate of BORI Campus.

9.4.2 CONSERVING THE MANUSCRIPTS As BORI institute has one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts spanning over 1,40,000 books and 28,000 manuscripts collected in a period of 90 years. Such rare collections should be preserved and protected for ant potentials risks like decay or fire which cause loss of property and knowledge.

After identifying these risks we have proposed a fire extinguishing system in spite of fire sprinklers, and the bridging phenomenon caused by moisture is cut-off using insulation layer.

9.4.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TYPES OF WASTE Kitchen and G arden waste

SOLUTION Composting

Compliance with Blue- Green Infrastructure Plan of Pune We have enabled the creation of blue-green infrastructure including wastewater treatment, groundwater recharge, heat and pollution screens, healthy soils, etc.

Fig 62. Proposed Lead: PMC Resilience case: 40% WWR Strategies

● ● ● ●

Plastic

Recycle

● ● ●

9.4.4 OPTIMISED WINDOW TO WALL RATIO

Fig 61. Basecase: 22.15% WWR

BENEFITS

●

Figure 60. Factors of resilience

Basecase: North- 30% South- 22% East- 17% West- 19% Improved case: The North facade has the highest WWR to ensure maximum diffused daylight inside classrooms with an achieved Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) of 62.79% for the Academic block and 50.03% for the Library block. Refer fig. 61 and 62.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

● ●

Paper

Seed paper

● ●

● ●

Metals

Recycle

● ● ●

Glass

Recycle

● ● ●

E-waste

Recycle

● ● ●

Table 12: Types of Waste Generated

Enriches soil Introduces valuable organisms to the soil.

Recycles kitchen and yard waste.

Reduces landfill waste Good for the environment Reduce Pollution Around Ecosystems Consumes less energy and protects natural resources Save depleting landfill space Reducing the waste Reduction in greenhouse gas emission Made of recycled paper waste turned into pulp.

Embedded with seeds for pollinator-supporting wildflowers, veggies, or herbs.

Pressed and printed into zero-waste alternatives for virgin paper products Compostable, so it leaves no waste behind when planted, just plants.

Conserves Natural Resources.

Reduces Energy Consumption Saves landfill area Energy saving Savings in greenhouse gas emissions Improvement of air and water quality by reducing its pollution Protects environment Reduces business cost Easily recyclable

17

9.5. INNOVATION 9.5.1. RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM ● ● ●

●

●

●

●

●

Radiant cooling systems work by circulating chilled water through a network of polymer pipes installed in floors, walls or ceilings.

This network of pipes embedded in the slab turns the ceiling of the conditioned space into a cooled surface that evenly absorbs heat energy.

Advantages include reduction in need for fan power in cooling systems, savings due to lower supply temperature for chilled water systems and additional comfort condition maintained inside the space.

There is a biological basis of choosing cool buildings over cool air for thermal comfort which is proved by humans since stone-age period. People lived in caves which acted like a cradle and let users achieve a perfect thermal balance with its cool walls.

Our heritage structures in India and BORI is a prime example that provides comfort passively without using any energy.The structure stores the solar heat within its huge mass and keep the interior surfaces below our skin temperature. The building drains out the heat stored in its huge mass into the sky through radiant cooling.

Hence taking the same legacy ahead into modern structures using Radiant Cooling System by circulating water to keep it cool.

Awareness of using energy saving appliances in residential as well as in commercial buildings has increased the popularity of radiant cooling systems, one of the key factors to prevent greenhouse gas emission and to protect the environment.

Key providers of radiant cooling systems such as Jardine Engineering Corporation (JEC), Giacomini Spa, Rehau, Radiana Ltd., and BeKa Heiz are focusing on improving the product line and creating world-class brands of radiant cooling systems to attract more customers.

9.6.2. CARBON TILES

Figure 63. Radiant Cooling

Figure 64 .Colours in Carbon Tile

Carbon Craft Design, a Mumbai based startup, has developed Carbon Tile - a first of its kind to be made using Air Pollution - that aims to offset the world's carbon emissions at scale through conventional building element.

Cutting

INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT

1. Air Pollution : It is the most important factor causing health risks all around the globe. Among the toxins present in the polluted air particulate Matter are the most dangerous.

2. Impact : The recovered carbon collected from multiple sources is analysed and processed The resulting carbon is then used in making the tiles. This helps us prevent carbon emissions through building materials. Thus, making Carbon Tile, a commercial solution for Climate Change Action.

●

● ●

These tiles work by lessening carbon emissions through building materials. Every carbon tile is equivalent to cleaning 30,000 litres of air which is equivalent to a day of fresh air for a person.

This is one of the accessible carbon offsetting solutions implemented in our design that will help fight climate change.

Carbon tile is a recent invention which is not yet completely discovered in the market and a new concept for the users of BORI and by means of Solar Decathlon India we can spread Carbon tiles Innovation world wide.

Shaping

Joining

Filling

Forming the Tile

Figure 68. Manufacturing Process =

1 Carbon Tile

Preventing 15 min of car pollution

Figure 65. Carbon Tile

Figure 66. Air Pollution

Figure 67. Environmental Impact

18

95.3. SOLAR TREES ●

●

We wanted to make a statement of clean and green energy which our client could see on a daily basis, the Solar Trees proposed in the design are a symbol of stewardship, designed to complement a rooftop solar system or other environmental investments, it will remind and inspire the users of BORI, about the positive change that they are bringing about for the environment.

Solar Tree Lifts by Spotlight Solar is a modular design that provides flexibility and enhances landscape of the site by positioning its arms and solar panels to balance energy production and aesthetics.

9.5.4. PAVEGEN TILES : HARVESTING ENERGY BY FOOTSTEPS ● ●

●

●

Pavegen tiles is a new approach to generate electrical energy from the sensing converting equipment called piezo sensor .

As pedestrians walk across the tiles, the weight from their footsteps compress the surface by about five millimeters. This puts pressure on electromagnetic generators that are stored below the tiles.

BORI is very rich in terms of landscape and existing trees which helps in maintaining ecosystem balance at the campus.

Walking, jogging , running which are rapid activities need a lot of energy. This wasted energy can be transformed into reusable energy.

Hence implementing pavegen tiles in landscape area can generate electricity which can be used to power off-grid applications like street lighting

Figure 69. Solar Trees

Figure 70. Pavegen Tiles

9.5.5. FOAM FLUSH COMPOSTING TOILET ● ●

● ●

●

Foam flush composting toilets are also sometimes called biological toilets, composting toilets, or sewer-less toilets.

These toilets will collect liquid and solid human waste and processes it into compost (fertilizer) which can be used for landscaping on the site or disposed of at a wastewater treatment plant .

This is what differentiates a composting toilet from a traditional outhouse, which is simply a protective structure built over a hole or pit.

Since BORI campus lies within municipal limits there is a need of composting toilets as these toilets require less water usage and can enhance the growth of non-edible plants in locations where soil amendment is possible.

Provides an alternative to flush the toilets by disposing of human waste while minimizing the use of water and saves about 3 oz of water.

Figure 71. Foam Flush Composting toilet

9.5.6. SEED PAPER ● ● ● ● ●

Seed paper is a special eco-friendly paper made from post-consumer material embedded with wildflower, herb or vegetable seeds.

Made of recycled paper waste turned into pulp.

Compostable, so it leaves no waste behind when planted, just plants.

As BORI institute has one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts spanning over 1,40,000 books and 28,000 manuscripts collected in a period of 90 years.

Such rare collections should be preserved and protected for future which can be done by implementing innovative concept of long lasting seed paper.

Figure 72.Seed paper

9.5.7. HBr FLOW BATTERIES ● ● ●

The choice for hydrogen and bromine is purely driven to build a storage system with the lowest possible storage costs per kWh Advantage of selecting hydrogen and bromine is that these enable density , both contributing to the reduction of storage costs per kWh .While charging the active materials are only used, not consumed Heat generated during the charge and discharge processes due to efficiency losses, can be made available for other purposes

19

9.6. HEALTH AND WELLBEING Space type

Occupant no.s

Rp (l/s.person)

Floor Area (m2)

Ra (l/s.m2)

Ventilation rate (l/s)

Library Kitchen Discussion Room Classroom Meeting Room Admin IT Dept Computer Space Attendant Desk Staff Room

200 5 10 330 10 5 5 40 2 20

5 7.5 5 10 5 5 5 10 5 5

950 35 50 385 50 60 50 200 10 355

0.12 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.06

1114 41.7 53 3346.2 53 28.6 28 28 10.6 121.3

CONCLUSIONS The table demonstrated ventilation rates considering the per person per area component. From the table we can conclude that the entire structure has excellent ventilation with appropriate amounts of sunlight. Both the structures Library and Academic block also pass the covid assessment, which means it is upto the mark with current needs of the general public.

Table 13 : Ventilation Rates in Breathing zones (ECBC and ASHRAE 62.1-2019)

9.6.2 THERMAL COMFORT (CBE Thermal comfort tool)

9.6.1 ADAPTIVE COMFORT (Cove tool)

Figure 73. Adaptive Comfort (ASHRAE-55) Above psychrometric diagram represents the adaptive comfort zones.The polygons overlaid on the chart represent different strategies to increase comfort. Portions lying out of comfort zone need to be dealt with for creating comfortable and adaptive spaces for the users. Dehumidification acts as a primary strategy in order to create comfortable spaces, using mixed mode operations.

7.34 %

Comfort-no passive strategies

15.42 %

Evaporative cooling

11.46 %

Thermal mass+night ventilation

17.58 %

Occupant use of fans

7.81 %

Internal heat gain

1.52 %

Desiccant of Dehumidification

22.42 %

Dehumidification

Figure 74 . Comfort chart - CBE Thermal comfort Tool (ASHRAE-55) In this psychrometric chart the abscissa is the operative temperature and for each point dry-bulb temperature equals mean radiant temperature (DBT = MRT).

The comfort zone represents the combination of conditions with the same DBT and MRT for which the PMV is between -0.5 and +0.5, according to the standard.

Comfort zone

PMV-Predicted Mean Vote PPD-Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied SET-Standard effective temperature MRT-Mean Radiant Temperature

Note : refer Fig 122- HVAC zoning for conditioned and unconditioned spaces

9.6.3 THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS

Figure 75. Radiation Potential

(Cove tool)

Figure 76. Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)

Figure 77. Covid Occupancy Assessment

RADIATION POTENTIAL 354 kWh/m2

ANNUAL SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE (ASE)

Radiation analysis indicates which facade glazing products should be high-performance and where low-performance products would be more acceptable.

It refers to the percentage of space that receives too much direct sunlight (1000 Lux or more for at least 250 occupied hours per year) at the work plane height, which can cause glare or increased cooling loads.

Figure 78 .Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA)

COVID OCCUPANCY ASSESSMENT SCORE 80%

SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY (sDA) 90%

A quantitative metric, that reflects the potential to maintain social distancing.

Used to optimize floor plans such that they encourage social distancing to the greatest extent possible.

It is a yearly metric that describes the percent of space that receives sufficient daylight.The required parameters determine the building's daylight performance.

Figure 79. Sun Hours

SUN HOURS 10hrs Also known as exterior solar exposure, measures the average number of hours the building envelope receives unobstructed daylight over a typical year.

20

Library Block

9.8. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN 9.8.1 ARCHITECTURE PLANNING E

B’

Figure 81. Site Section (EE’)

A

A ’

Figure 82. First Floor plan

UGT

FILTRATION TANK

UGT

OHT

B

B

B’

A

A’ E’

Figure 83. Ground Floor plan

9.8.2 STRUCTURE 15mm Thick Clay Tiles 25mm XPS Insulation Steel Battens

Figure 80. Masterplan

Scale 1:500

Steel Trusses

Figure 88. Exploded Roof Assembly 12mm Thick Internal Plaster 600 x 200 x 150 AAC Block

Figure 84. South Elevation

50mm Cellulosic Insulation 600 x 200 x 100 AAC Block 15mm External Plaster 15mm Stone Cladding

Figure 85. West Elevation

Figure 89. Wall Assembly Concrete Overhang 80mm Bamboo Framing 40mm Bamboo Fenestration

Figure 86. East Elevation

Figure 90. Shading Device

Figure 87. North Elevation

Scale 1:100

21

Figure 91. Section AA’

C

Figure 92. Section BB’

Academic Block

C

Figure 95. West Elevation

D Lift Lift

D’

D

D’

C’ Figure 93. Ground Floor Plan

C’ Figure 94. First Floor Plan

Figure 97. North Elevation

Figure 96. East Elevation

Figure 98. South Elevation

Figure 99. Section cc’ Figure 100. Section DD’

Figure 101. 3D view of Library block showing roof

Scale 1:100

Figure 102. 3D view of Academic block showing exterior corridors

22

9.7.3. INTERIOR VIEWS

Figure 103. Staff room interior view

Figure 104. IT Department interior view

Figure 105. Library interior view

Figure 106.Classroom interior view

9.7.3. LANDSCAPING ●

Emphasis on using native species of flowering and non- flowering plants that need minimum water and low maintenance.

Plumeria Rubra

Periwinkle

Blue morning glory

Tulsi

Cassia Fistula

Mint

Figure 107. Xeriscaping plants

●

To reduce outdoor water use in irrigation we are using effective irrigation system like drip irrigation and xeriscaping to avoid unnecessary waste of water.

23

Incorporation of courtyards for Natural Ventilation Use of light coloured materials with high SRI for maximum emissivity to minimize heat absorbed by the roof.

Used the traditional passive strategy of high ceiling and tall windows with deep overhangs and verandahs.

Shaded outdoor porches, raised above the ground, semi open corridor for natural ventilation.

Shading Device Design

Figure 108. Passive Design Strategies

9.8. ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS Figure 109. Shading device calculation

9.8.1 Steel Truss resting on RCC Column ●

● ●

The steel truss spans across the space supported by Steel battens and resting on RCC columns.

The baseplate joins the truss and the column lying between them.(refer figure 110) M16 Anchor bolts have been cast in situ providing 200mm anchorage.

9.8.2 Bamboo Fenestration Design detail ● ●

Bamboo has been used as the material for shading devices.

The shading device calculation helped in arriving at the reduced overhang dimension and bamboo fins (horizontal) reduces the glare significantly.(refer figure 111)

Figure 110. Truss and Column junction detail

Figure 111. Optimized Shading device

24

Figure 112. Truss detail

9.8.3 Truss

A fink truss is one of the most traditionally used trusses which provides a simple, adaptable and cost effective roofing solution. The design flexibility and huge variety of spans available upto 14 metres proves it to be a versatile roofing option.

9.8.4 Decking slab: Radiant Cooling in Sloping profile Roof

For the First floor, since the design has a sloping roof profile, and the span is taken up by the truss, we have introduced Radiant Cooling with the help of a decking slab. The temperature difference would result into condensation, so to keep that in check we have provided a 25mm thickness thermal breaker insulation has been used.

This assembly is an innovation that has been used in the industry, but is not very conventional.

9.8.5 RCC Isolated Footing

Considering the soil bearing capacity and load of the structure, RCC Isolated sloped footing was adopted.

Figure 113. RCC Sloped Isolated Footing detail

9.8.6 Window details

The windows have Aluminium -clad Timber frames with Generic clear 6mm Low-E glass, an air gap of 13mm, with again a 6mm clear generic glass.(refer figure 115) This combination has a U-value of 1.761 W/m2

Figure 115. Window section detail Figure 114. Typical slab detail

25

9.8.7 RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM ●

●

●

Radiant cooling systems work by circulating chilled water through a network of polymer pipes installed in floors, walls or ceilings.

This network of pipes embedded in the slab turns the ceiling of the conditioned space (refer figure 104) into a cooled surface that evenly absorbs heat energy.

Advantages include reduction in need for fan power in HVAC systems, savings due to lower supply temperature for chilled water systems and additional comfort condition maintained inside the space.

Figure 116. Detailed section showing: (a) radiant cooling system pipes through the slab, (b) Bamboo fenestration shading, (c) Layering of the wall

9.8.8. HOW RADIANT COOLING WORKS

Heat transfer process used by human body: Heat loss by convection = 44 watts Heat loss by radiation = 65 watts Heat loss by evaporation = 8 watts Heat loss by respiration = 3 watts The total heat loss is 120 watts. In order to remove the extra heat, the body temperature may get increased. If body temperature is 36 deg.cel., the total heat loss will be 142 watts .

Thus the body can easily lose 150 watts of metabolic heat even when clothed.

So now it is established that in a cool room, a person will effortlessly get rid of the body heat and not receive any back. His comfort level would be much better.

9.8.9 SOLAR PV TILES ON ROOF

Figure 117. Solar PV tiles on southern Roof

Figure 118. Process of laying Solar PV tiles on Roof

26

We have proposed to use Solar Tiles on the southern roof( for maximum solar radiation), which is a new technology that bonds the roof shingles together, pushing forward a more efficient way to construct and install its photovoltaic roof tiles.

The capacity factor for this solar grid if 17.6%. (refer figure 119) Figure 119. Detail of Solar PV tiles

9.8.10 POWER OVER ETHERNET: BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ●

●

● ● ●

PoE refers to the ability to provide low-voltage (less than 100W), direct current (DC) electrical power to network devices via the same twisted-pair copper Ethernet cables that are used to transmit data.

This technology helps to connect, monitor, and control devices using smart building solutions.

Eliminates the need for a separate AC power source Allows for more flexible placement options Converges electrical and communication network into a single infracture.

Figure 120. Working of Smart Lighting

ADVANTAGES: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

Massive energy savings Space optimization Increasing efficiency of LED luminaires by 15% Reduction in Installation and Operational costs Meets Wellness and Sustainability goals Greater flexibility in design Drastic reduction in carbon footprint, since no conduit or high-voltage copper wiring need to be installed.

No AC/DC transforming or transformer is required.

Figure 121. Basic components of PoE

9.8.11 COMPONENTS OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:●

● ●

Hardware: These include Direct digital controller,sensors, actuators, ethernet cables,servers, Human Machine interface,etc.

Software: Programming/configuration tools, User interface.

Networking protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Building Automation Controller Network (BACnet) or Ethernet.

Figure 122. Workflow of PoE

9.8.12 TYPICAL USER INTERFACE OPTIONS: ●

● ●

Figure 123. Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system

A basic LCD display through Graphic Operator Workstation which is intuitive to use and is easy to interpret.

Provide sufficient level of detail to enable the operator to keep a track of activities happening.

These microprocessor based controller networks link the functionality of individual pieces of building equipment as shown in figure alongside, so that they work together as a single integrated system.

27

9.8.13 INFILTRATION TRENCH AND INJECTION WELL

Infiltration trenches collect rainwater from adjacent surfaces and transfers it to the injection well, which injects the water into the ground and thus helps in ground water recharge or increasing the ground water table..

This helps in treatment of stormwater, which usually just gets polluted or gets collected in the sewer and eventually is wasted and additional treatment is then required for this water.

A significant benefit of infiltration wells is drastic reduction in channel erosion.This helps in restoring the base flow of our river Figure 125.Details of UnderGround Tank systems.

Figure 124. Infiltration well

Figure 126. Infiltration trench

9.8.14 UNDERGROUND AND OVERHEAD WATER TANK All these measures such as infiltration trenching, rain water harvesting, Injection well evidently save a lot of water which needs to be utilized and the remnant needs to be stored properly.

Hence, adequate number of Underground Tanks(UGT) and 1 Over Head Tank (OHT) has been provided on the site which are then connected to Filtration units Figure 127.Details of OverHead Tank

28

9.8.15 FIRE FIGHTING

9.8.15.1 Fire Sprinklers

Wet pipe Sprinkler System is a system in which water is constantly present within the sprinkler system and constant pressure is maintained.

As soon as the sprinkler comes in action, the pressure inside the pipe drops thus activating the pump and water supply happens This system is advantageous because of its simple system and reliable working. It has the least number of components which produces unexcelled reliability which in turn is the most important aspect of Fire Prevention and Protection system.

This system is also very easy to restore.

The Fire Tank provides water to these sprinklers and hydrants, which suffices for 26 minutes. So, the Fire Fighting Brigade has enough time to reach the site.

9.8.15.2 Smoke Detectors

Prevention is always better than cure.

A properly installed and well maintained fire detection system can potentially avoid the risk of a deadly fire and reduce the aftermath and all related expenses.

Figure 128.Details of OverHead Tank

Since BORI has a huge responsibility to preserve and maintain manuscripts and documents, it is crucial that we take care and make the design fireproof.

Two types of detectors have been used:

(i) Photoelectric detector

These detectors use a light beam to help detect the presence of smoke.

They are more effective at sounding when a fire originates from smoldering source.

(ii) Carbon Monoxide detector

These detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas (CO) in surrounding air to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

Figure 129.Details of OverHead Tank

29

9.8.16 SOLAR TREES A solar tree is a structure where solar modules are planted on a single pillar, which looks like a tree trunk.

The name is derived on the background that just as an actual tree utilizes sunlight,water, minerals and makes its own food, similarly, the solar tree utilizes solar energy to produce energy for people to utilize.

It serves the dual purpose of being an artwork and an energy generator.

There are 35 solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in each tree with a capacity of 330W each.

The design of the tree is such that it ensures maximum sunlight exposure for each PV module while creating the least amount of shadow beneath.

Figure 130.Details of OverHead Tank

Figure 131.Details of OverHead Tank

The modular design provides flexibility and enhances the site not only in terms of energy production but also aesthetics. Arm or branch positioning, color coordination, lighting, providing signages are some of its features.

Table 14 : Solar tree specifications

30

9.8.17 OLED- Organic Light Emitting Diode for Task Lighting ● ●

●

●

OLEDs are surface emission light sources, primarily used for general lighting and automotive applications.

They work by electrically exciting extremely thin layers of organic semiconductor material to generate a soft, natural and glare-free surface light.

OLEDs can be deposited on a variety of flexible and rigid substrates including glasses, plastics, metals, clothes, and Figure 132. Composition layers of OLED ceramics.

This flexibility allows the creation of OLED light fixtures with wide beam angles

ADVANTAGES ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Homogenous surface light Ultra thin and lightweight Zero discomfort glare Low blue light emission Flicker elimination Recyclable since manufactured using sustainable materials Perfect for task lighting and interiors.

Figure 133. OLED Working Principle

Figure 134. Passive Infrared Sensor

9.8.18 OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Figure 135. Working of a Passive Infrared Sensor

Humans, animals, even inanimate objects emit a certain amount of IR radiation. The amount of IR radiation they emit relates to the body or object’s warmth and material makeup.

A Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor recognizes infrared light emitted from nearby objects and accordingly send the signals to main controller to turn the lamps ON or OFF. These sensors just require the object in motion and are used in security alarms, motion detection and automatic lighting applications. (refer figure 134 & 135) Model: Blackt Electrotech PIR Sensor with Light and Energy Saving Motion Detector Wall Mounted Switch (fig.)

9.8.19 SANITARY DETAIL ● ● ● ● ●

Foam flush composting toilet use soap and water for flushing.

Faeces goes to composter and aerobic composting takes place in composter.

Composter separates faeces and urine.

Foul air is constantly being sucked out by vent stack. (refer figure 119) Composting systems reduce water used for flushing by over 97%, compared with 7.27 litres per flush toilets.

Figure 136. Foam Flush Composting Toilet detail

31

9.8.20 PLUMBING LAYOUT ON SITE

The water supply to both the buildings happens through the Municipal Corporation for potable water.

The use of infiltration stormwater trenches and injection well ensures not only the optimum use of available water but also the fact that water is returned back to nature via ground seepage.

Rainwater gets collected in the gutters surrounding the roof profile and eventually is passed through the drain pipe and collected in the Rain water harvesting tank and is shared with neighbouring sites or wherever required.

Grey Water is collected in G.W. (UGT), and is passed to filtration tank. After the treatment 50% is used for irrigation and other 50% for radiant cooling

9.8.21 INSPECTION CHAMBER

These are access points to the underground pipework which allows for maintenance and the removal of blockage.

Installed at a junction where a branch pipe meets the main run pipe of the drainage.

LEGEND RAINWATER COLLECTION TRENCH STORMWATER TRENCH POTABLE WATER PIPELINE GREY WATER PIPELINE Figure 137.Details of OverHead Tank

EXISTING STRUCTURE

9.8.22 POWER FACTOR (PF) is an indicator of efficient utilization of power. It is the ratio of active (real) power to the demand (apparent) power which depicts the efficiency of optimization of the electrical system.

Some benefits of energy optimization are: ACTIVE Low electricity bill POWER 18504 Increased capacity, reduced loads kWh Eventually reduction in amount of greenhouse gases.

We have achieved a power factor of 0.8 for BORI, which proves a step towards optimization.

Figure 138.Details of OverHead Tank

INSPECTION CHAMBER DETAIL

DEMAND POWER 23130 kWh

Figure 139 Power factor Achievement

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9.8.23 RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM

A simulation model of the finalized design was created in DesignBuilder software. The cooling load was calculated using cooling design calculation in DesignBuilder under ECBC Standard Design specification with a cooling setpoint of 24oC during the occupancy hours.

Figure 140.Radiant cooling zoning for ground floor

Radiant cooling Based on the physical principle, that bodies with varying temperatures exchange thermal radiation until an equilibrium is achieved, Radiant Cooling follows the same principle to cool a floor or ceiling by absorbing heat radiated by the rest of the room. Workflow shown in fig 141.

A Cooled Ceiling acts as a heat sink for all radiant heat sources in the room (human occupant, solar radiation, equipment, walls etc.)

Is 30% more efficient compared VRF system and helps achieve net-zero building. Refer case study inferences in annexure

9.8.24 DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM (DOAS) According to ECBC, Pune comes under Warm and Humid zone ,thus DOAS helps to reduce the humidity.

It is a type of HVAC system that consists of two parallel systems: -A dedicated system for delivering outdoor air ventilation that handles both the latent and sensible loads of conditioning the ventilation air.

-And a parallel system to handle the (mostly sensible heat)loads generated by indoor/process sources and those that pass through the building enclosure. Workflow shown in figure 142.

Figure 141.Radiant cooling flow

9.8.25 MIXED MODE OPERATIONS & COMFORT OPTIMIZATION (According to IMAC)

Figure 142: DOAS flow

MMO integrates the use of air-conditioning when it is necessary along with natural ventilation whenever it is feasible or desirable, to maximize comfort while avoiding the significant energy use and operating costs of year-round air conditioning.

Mixed-mode buildings have the potential to offer occupants higher degrees of personal control over their local thermal and ventilation conditions, as well as a greater connection to the outdoors, which should lead to increased occupant satisfaction and reduced potential for IAQ problems.

The natural ventilation setpoint are kept 2°C lower than the cooling setpoint to ensure maximum use of natural ventilation and to avoid the active cooling system being used unnecessarily.

9.8.26 BMS By means of Building Management System (BMS), the radiant cooling would be used as the primary conditioning system, while chilled water system would be used only when there is an additional cooling requirement to meet the comfort hours. This coupling reduces the chilled water system cooling load by about 60%.

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9.8.27 MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR UNCONDITIONED SPACES

For unconditioned spaces like classroom mechanical ventilation i.e, fans will be used.

The green areas show the temperature and RH conditions in which the use of fans is beneficial since they provide additional cooling to people. In the dark green region, while the use of fans is still beneficial, people are most likely suffering from heat strain. The red area demarcates the region in which even using the fans won’t be beneficial in this case. (Figure 143.

Relative humidity graph(%).)

These results were calculated using the Gagge et al. (1971) heat balance model assuming dry-bulb air temperature is equal to the mean radiant temperature. Results are applicable to healthy adults.

9.8.28 COMPONENTS OF RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM

Figure 143. Relative Humidity Graph(%)

COMPONENTS OF RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM PRODUCT

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

COST

250 TR, 200 (COP 6.2)

₹10,000,00

800 cfm

₹20,000

Chilled water pump

-

₹1,50,000

Tiles Screed XPS Insulation

DOAS

-

₹15,00,000

Structural Slab

Varies as per area

₹710000

Water cooled Chiller Fan coil units

Radiant Cooling Piping Table 15 : Components of HVAC System

Cooling tube

Figure 144. Layout of Structural integrated systems

9.8.29 TEMPERATURE SENSORS Type

Pt-100/Pt-500/Pt1000 Element Simplex/Duplex Sheath OD 4.7mm/6.35mm Table 16: Temperature Sensor Specification

These are devices used to measure temperature through electrical signals. The sensor is made up of two metals, which generate electrical voltage or resistance once it notices a change in temperature.

If the temperature of supply water approaches the dew point, the radiant cooling systems’ sensors shut off supply water. Refer table 15.

The XPS insulation layer as shown in fig 144. will break the bridging phenomenon and this will help to tackle the potential risk of condensation.

During the day, air dehumidifiers will be operated, starting one hour before using radiant cooling system to avoid condensation.

Fig 146 shows that the total heat gains are reduced by 60% and thermal comfort of 100% is achieved. The study is based on latent and sensible heat emitted by the equipments and systems used.

Conditioned Area: 2129.9 m Cooling Loads: 99 TR

Chilled water in pipes Thermal mass absorbed in day time

Descending cool air from slabs

Rising warm air

Figure 145. Indoor cooling using radiant cooling system

Ceiling slabs absorb radiant heat from occupants and equipments.

34 Figure 146 Reduction in cooling loads using various factors

9.9. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PRODUCT

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

COST WATER

Shower head

5.7 L/min

₹1637

2L/min, saves 77% more water & energy

₹296

Urinal

3 L/flush Saves 50% water

₹1399

Motor

3HP Power range

₹20534

Foam flushing Composting Toilet

Saves 97% water

₹24313

Faucets

LIGHTING Ceiling LED Recessed OLED table lamps

Trim LED panel Square 15W

₹789

Lumiblade OLED Panel Brite FL300 L ww + wm

Ceiling fan

Exhaust fan

₹1400

Sweep Size 900 mm 160 m³/min Air Delivery, 420 revolution per minute

₹909

Ventilair DS 300 mm s weep

₹908

Table 17: Technical Specifications of equipments and utilities.

PRODUCT

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

COST

HVAC Water cooled Chiller

250 TR, 200 (COP 6.2)

₹10,000,00

800 cfm

₹20,000

Chilled water pump

-

₹1,50,000

DOAS

-

₹15,00,000

Varies as per area

-

Fan coil units

Radiant Cooling Piping

SOLAR DC System Size

13430.60kW

Module Type

Standard

Array Type

Fixed (roof mount)

Array Tilt

30

Array Azimuth

180

System Losses

14.08%

Inverter Efficiency

96%

DC to AC Ratio

1.2 FIRE FIGHTING

Photoelectric Smoke Detector

PIJI Conventional Fire Alarm Smoke detector Type- Photoelectric, 50 sqm area coverage

₹700

Carbon Monoxide Detector

Halonix Shield Fire Alarm Easy to fit in any B22d bulb holder, cable and wire free

₹749

Table 18: Technical Specifications of equipments and utilities.

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9.10. SCALABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL -

All our products are getting widely acclaimed among the large clientele for their exclusive designs, superior quality, and reliability.

Materials used are affordable and available throughout the country and hence the project has high constructability.

It can be easily replicated throughout the country by changing the scales of spaces and building style according to the context.

They are more efficient and can operate in different circumstances. Improving the productivity and quality of construction projects along with the minimization of cost and time Different materials can be enhanced with innovation constructive methods The application of such availabilities can make the desired impact for improved project performance Understanding the demand and supply chain of the target market.To facilitate and optimize the use of new materials and up-to-date technologies, ongoing research is being undertaken to improve efficiency, productivity and competitiveness in markets

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-

..

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●

● ●

SCALABILITY

TECHNOLOGY Building infrastructure experts provide comprehensive engineering and inspection services throughout the lifecycle of our building infrastructure products and systems.

Our services include approvals as per relevant directives, type examinations of systems and components, quality assurance systems, as well as repair, restoration and modernisation of your systems.

COMPANY GROWTH Company has a huge land and infrastructure at Pune and also across Maharashtra for state of warehouses.

Providing round the clock inception, workforce , planning, execution and consultancy, all issues are addressed under one roof.

USER ORIENTATION

● ● ●

Ability to explore a wide range of design techniques Services are easily affordable by clients Provide a wide variety of client services and solutions across the construction life cycle INVESTORS ATTRACTIVENESS

● ●

As site includes heritage buildings it provides opportunity to prevent and conserve the ancient arts and manuscripts.

Lots of open space available, hence opportunity to inculcate different techniques, innovations, ideas , etc.

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Product-based approach & Off site Manufacturing Utilizing off site manufacturing to bring new efficiencies to construction projects

Digitalization of products and process Value-chain control and integration with industrial-grade supply chains Realtime demand aggregation and higher capacity utilization of manufacturing partners.

XPS foam board is used in roof (truss), it reduce thermal bridging and improve energy efficiency.

Because of expansion of commercial sectors, the demand for XPS is anticipated to grow at major rate.The XPS industry are predicted to grow at the very best CAGR during the forecast period. The development industry has huge potential for the demand of XPS.

Based on application, the construction segment has dominated the expanded polystyrene market in the past and is expected to do so again during the forecast period. Easy availability of low cost labour and abundant raw materials will further grab many eyeballs of the manufacturers.

Innovation of existing materials, to the development of new material combinations and additional multifunctional characteristics, have benefited the players in EPS market.

The idea behind Pavegen is to develop an accessible product that can help lower economic bills, and to make a positive impact environmentally. Pavegen tiles are a revolutionary product that have the potential to help the world move towards utilizing cleaner energy.

Wire mesh is cost effective and easy to install , lightweight and low resistance to wind loads.Wire Mesh Manufacturers who have excelled in this domain with their innovative approach. These Welded wire meshes are designed and fabricated in a manner that it meets the requirements of our clients from different industries.

Corrugated steel sheet siding is considered as one of the most suitable siding options in the market, owing to its durability and easy maintenance requirements, coupled with low cost investment. The Global Corrugated Metal Roofing Sheets Market is growing at a faster pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2020 to 2027

Emerging of advanced technology and the development of innovative products in opting for industries is surging growth opportunities for the market.Our range is in accordance with the required quality standards of the industry and offered at competitive prices

Carbon Craft Design innovation is relevant in the field as it is the first step towards bringing an alternative solution in the construction industry that makes up for 25 to 40 percent of the world’s carbon emissions.

Companies will be able to avail black carbon residue at scale, and set up manufacturing plants within their premises to do away with transportation, thereby reducing carbon emissions. Our long-term goal is to make affordable, accessible carbon offsetting solutions that will help fight climate change.

Reduced liability • 25-year transferable limited warranty Greater profitability and productivity • ProPEX® connection cannot be dry fit • Lower, more stable material costs • Resists corrosion • Easy for trades to learn • Highly resistant to freeze damage • Up to 50% fewer connections, faster install RADIANT PIPES • Eliminates fire watch requirements On-time project delivery Improved health and safety • Estimation and design services • No hot work • Field training and technical support • No dangerous chemicals • Fast installations • 60% lighter than copper(PEX) • Comprehensive system testing and • Less stress on the body commissioning

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STRATEGIES FOR REPLICATION AND LARGE SCALE IMPLEMENTATION ● ● ● ● ●

Pavegen can work with new government, commercial and corporate clients to create innovative and exciting applications for this amazing technology.

In pedestrian Spaces like residential case we can use harvesting floor tiles in a different way to generate and save energy.

PEX pipes can be replace copper as a cheaper, more reliable and sustainable material for its use in green building elements.

Rising demand for the standard and efficient products and to formless use of toxic chemical can guard the environment and simply lavish the expansion rate of the market.

Companies will be able to avail black carbon residue at scale, and set up manufacturing plants within their premises to do away with transportation, thereby reducing carbon emissions.

9.11. AFFORDABILITY ● ●

● ●

●

●

●

●

We weighed costs against various factors, as seen in the figure 58 to determine the optimum case.

We achieved more than a 30% cost reduction from the baseline estimate under landscaping through the use of strategies like xeriscaping and rainwater harvesting.

Excess solar power generated on site can be sold to the grid for revenue generation.

Energy efficiency is achieved by use of LED lights, occupancy sensors as well as innovative tech such as Pavegen tiles. Radiant cooling systems further reduced energy consumption by 30%.

A net zero water cycle would bring returns in the buildings lifecycle and is achieved through various strategies such as low flow fixtures, composting toilets and water efficient irrigation.

Figure 147. Cost line chart We make the use of HBr Flow Batteries for electricity storage at an unrivalled cost level. They enable a high power and energy density, contributing to the reduction of storage costs per kWh. Another advantage is that Hydrogen and Bromine available on a global scale. Elestor, the company developing these batteries believes that the technology can achieve a cost storage under $60/MWH (Rs. 4.1k/MWh).

Use of locally sourced materials enable us to cut construction costs.

9.12. COMMUNICATION ● ● ● ● ●

●

We have used digital media and social media to forth our ideas and designs to the world.

Our instagram handle @navriti_solardecathlon is currently our major asset to spread our word.

We are also planning to publish our report in BNCA BuildText Journal, which is one of the successful annual journals of our institute.

Our project partners have also requested a detailed design documentary of the whole project, which would be displayed on BORI Campus.

We are also proposing to develop a software for making the user aware of the amount of energy one as produced by walking on campus because of the Pavegen tiles installed on site, which can be further linked with smart watches. The purpose of this application would be make individuals aware of the direct impact they have produced on the environment.

We would be displaying this project in the annual BORI Exhibition and BNCA Student Works Exhibitions.

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REFERENCES Climate Consultant: https://ledsgp.org/resource/climate-consultant/?loclang=en_gb Ministry of New And Renewable Energy. SPIN - An online application for Solar Photovoltaic Installation. https://solarrooftop.gov.in/rooftop_calculator National Renewable Energy Laboratory: PVWatts® Calculator. https://pvwatts.nrel.gov Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Eco-Niwas Samhita 2018.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 Building Management System: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/bms-the-basics-explained.pdf Internet of Things: https://www.energy-bots.com/shop/ Lifts: https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/otis-personnel-lifts.html Internal heat gain: https://engineer-educators.com/topic/5-heat-gain-from-people-lights-and-appliances/ Power over Ethernet: https://www.wiprolighting.com/blog/how-does-power-over-ethernet-poe-lighting-work#:~:text=Pow er%20over%20Ethernet%2C%20also%20known,appropriate%20and%20desired%20lighting%20eff ect Innovation: https://www.punchat.in/punchat-projects/tiles-made-using-air-pollution?format=amp https://www.carboncraftdesign.com/carbontile Composting toilet: https://livingbuilding.gatech.edu/water-petal Carbon Tiles:

https://youtu.be/LnB7Hh40nYk

Injection well: https://dpw.lacounty.gov/wrd/barriers/injection.cfm https://youtu.be/nnyzZAluCEA

Codes referred: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

ECBC (Energy conservation and building code) GRIHA (Green Rating of Integrated habitat Assessment) IMAC (Indian Model of Adaptive Thermal Comfort) LECAVIR (Low Energy cooling and Ventilation for Indian Residence) LEED (Leadership in Energy and environmental design) NBC (National Building code of India) IS (Indian Standards)

Tools used: ● ● ●

EDGE Tool Cove tool Design Builder

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Solar Decathlon Excel Sheets Rhino + Grasshopper NREL Solar Watt Tool

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