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Essentialsof UnderstandingPsychology

THIRTEENTHEDITION

RobertS.Feldman

UniversityofMassachusettsAmherst

ESSENTIALSOFUNDERSTANDINGPSYCHOLOGY,THIRTEENTHEDITION

PublishedbyMcGraw-HillEducation,2PennPlaza,NewYork,NY10121 Copyright©2019byMcGraw-HillEducation Allrights reserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Previouseditions©2017,2015,and2013 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedor distributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretrievalsystem,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofMcGraw-Hill Education,including,butnotlimitedto,inanynetworkorotherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning

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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData

Names:Feldman,RobertS (RobertStephen),1947–author

Title:Essentialsofunderstandingpsychology/RobertS Feldman,Universityof MassachusettsAmherst

Description:Thirteenthedition |NewYork,NY:McGraw-HillEducation,[2019]

Identifiers:LCCN2018022599|ISBN9781259922725(softcover:alk paper)|

ISBN1259922723(softcover:alk paper)

Subjects:LCSH:Psychology

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Dedication To

Jon,Leigh,Alex,Miles,Josh,Julie,Naomi, Sarah,Jeff,Lilia,andKathy

AbouttheAuthor

ROBERT S. FELDMAN is Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Senior Advisor to the Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. A recipient of the College Distinguished Teacher Award, he teaches psychology classes ranging in size from 15 to nearly 500 students During the course of more than three decades as a college instructor, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses at Mount HolyokeCollege,WesleyanUniversity,andVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinadditiontotheUniversity ofMassachusetts

Professor Feldman, who initiated the Minority Mentoring Program at the University of Massachusetts, also has served as a Hewlett Teaching Fellow and Senior Online Teaching Fellow. He initiated distancelearningcoursesinpsychologyattheUniversityofMassachusetts

A Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Professor Feldman received a BA with High Honors from Wesleyan University and an MS and PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is a winner of a Fulbright Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer Award and the Distinguished Alumnus Award from Wesleyan He is past President of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (FABBS) Foundation, which advocates for the field of psychology, and is on the board of the Social Psychology Network(SPN)

He has written and edited more than 250 books, book chapters, and scientific articles He has edited Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Children, Applications of Nonverbal Behavioral Theory and Research, and Improving the First Year of College: Research and Practice, and co-edited Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior He is also author of POWER Learning: Strategies for Success in College and Life His textbooks, which have been used by more than 2 million students around the world, have been translated into Spanish, French, Portuguese, Dutch, German, Italian, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese His research interests include deceptionandhonestyineverydaylife,workthathedescribedinTheLiarinYourLife,atradebookpublished in 2009

. His research has been supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the

©RobertS Feldman

NationalInstituteonDisabilitiesandRehabilitationResearch.

ProfessorFeldmanlovesmusic,isanenthusiasticpianist,andenjoyscookingandtraveling Heserveson theExecutiveCommitteeandBoardofNewEnglandPublicRadio Heandhiswife,alsoapsychologist,live

inwesternMassachusettsinahomeoverlookingtheHolyokemountainrange

BriefContents

CHAPTER1

Prefacexxiv

IntroductiontoPsychology1

MODULE1

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CHAPTER2

PsychologistsatWork3

AScienceEvolves:ThePast,thePresent,andthe Future12

ResearchinPsychology24

CriticalResearchIssues38

NeuroscienceandBehavior45

MODULE5

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MODULE7

CHAPTER3

Neurons:TheBasicElementsofBehavior47

TheNervousSystemandtheEndocrineSystem: CommunicatingWithintheBody55

TheBrain63

SensationandPerception80

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CHAPTER4

CHAPTER5

CHAPTER6

SensingtheWorldAroundUs82

Vision:SheddingLightontheEye87

HearingandtheOtherSenses96

PerceptualOrganization:ConstructingOurViewof theWorld110

StatesofConsciousness122

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Learning160

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Memory193

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CHAPTER7

SleepandDreams124

HypnosisandMeditation139

DrugUse:TheHighsandLowsofConsciousness145

ClassicalConditioning162

OperantConditioning170

CognitiveApproachestoLearning184

TheFoundationsofMemory195

RecallingLong-TermMemories207

Forgetting:WhenMemoryFails218

Thinking,Language,andIntelligence226

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CHAPTER8

Pageviii

Thinking228

Language243

Intelligence252

MotivationandEmotion271

11

CHAPTER9

CHAPTER10

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Development309

MODULE27

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Personality362

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CHAPTER11

ExplainingMotivation273

HumanNeedsandMotivation:Eat,Drink,andBe Daring281

UnderstandingEmotionalExperiences297

NatureandNurture:TheEnduringDevelopmental Issue311

InfancyandChildhood321

Adolescence:BecominganAdult338

Adulthood348

PsychodynamicApproachestoPersonality364

Trait,Learning,BiologicalandEvolutionary,and HumanisticApproachestoPersonality374

AssessingPersonality:DeterminingWhatMakesUs Distinctive387

HealthPsychology:Stress,Coping,andWell-Being396

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CHAPTER12

StressandCoping398

PsychologicalAspectsofIllnessandWell-Being412

PromotingHealthandWellness418

PsychologicalDisorders426

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CHAPTER13

NormalVersusAbnormal:MakingtheDistinction428

TheMajorPsychologicalDisorders437

PsychologicalDisordersinPerspective456

TreatmentofPsychologicalDisorders464

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CHAPTER14

SocialPsychology496

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MODULE46

Psychotherapy:Psychodynamic,Behavioral,and CognitiveApproachestoTreatment466

Psychotherapy:Humanistic,Interpersonal,andGroup ApproachestoTreatment477

BiomedicalTherapy:BiologicalApproachesto Treatment486

EPILOGUE Pageix

AttitudesandSocialCognition498

SocialInfluenceandGroups507

PrejudiceandDiscrimination515

PositiveandNegativeSocialBehavior522

Diversity,Culture,Conflict,andCooperationE-1

DiversityandCultureE-3

ConflictandCooperation:StrivingforaJustandPeacefulWorldE-12

GlossaryG1-G11

ReferencesR1-R63

NameIndexNI1-NI35

SubjectIndexSI1-SI16

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