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70%ofPersonalHealthinstructorssaythatthecurrencyoftopiccoverageisveryimportantintheircourse

Connect Core Concepts in Health highlights the latesthealthandwellness guidelines fromthe Departmentof HealthandHumanServices, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee,the AmericanHeartAssociation, the AmericanCancerSociety,andotherkey organizations.

Currenttopics coveredinclude financialwellness,socialnetworking,hooking up,Internetaddiction, caffeinatedalcoholicbeverages,obesity,diabetes,medicalmarijuana,HPVandcancer,cellphones and radiation,distracteddriving,healthcare reform,andmanymore.NewOnthe Environmentboxes helpstudents connectwiththe environmentandmake environmentally responsible choices.

Ifyouwould liketo participateinanyoftheMcGraw-Hillresearchinitiatives,pleasecontactusatwww.mhhe.com/facultyresearch.

CONCEPTS IN HEALTH BRIEF

TWELFTHEDITION

PaulM.Insel Stanford University WaltonT.Roth Stanford University

CORE

PublishedbyMcGraw-Hill, animprintofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc, 1221 AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork, NY10020. Copyright©2012, 2010, 2008, 2006,2004,2002,2000,1998,1996,1994,1991,1988, 1985, 1982, 1979, 1976. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributed inanyformorbyanymeans, orstored inadatabaseorretrievalsystem, withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,including, butnotlimitedto,inanynetworkorotherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordistancelearning 1 2 3 45 678 90QDB/QDB09 8 76 54 3 21

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APersonalPlanforLearning

Raisingstudents' awarenessabouthealthrisksisonecriticalsteptoward motivatingthemto changetheirhealthbehaviors

Themosttrustedtextinpersonalhealthformorethan30 years, Connect Core Concepts in Health provides studentswithaccurate,scientificallybasedhealthinformationand informsthemaboutthebehaviorsthatpromote healthandthebehaviorsthatputtheirhealthatrisk.Withup-to-datecoverageoftopicsrangingfromfinancialliteracy tohearthealthtothelatestnutritionaland physicalactivityguidelines, Connect Core Concepts in Health help studentsmasterthescienceofhealthasabasisforhealthylifechoices.

Now,anewonlineadaptivediagnostictoolprovidesstudentswithapersonalplanforlearning.Usingthistool, studentsdiscoverwhattheyalreadyknowandwhattheydon'tknowyet.Byfollowinganindividualizedlearningpath, studentsareabletostudymoreefficientlyand effectivelyand masterthekeyconceptsofthecourse

Connect Core Concepts in Health also supportsstudents' learningwithawealthofprintand onlinefeatures. In additiontofeatureboxeshighlightingcurrenttopicsinthenewsandissuesrelated todiversity, gender,mind-body health, andconsumerhealth, thetwelftheditionfocusesattentiononenvironmentalissueswithnew“Onthe Environment”boxes Alsonewtothiseditionaretwo vibrantcolortransparencysectionscalled “TouringLifestyle Behaviors”and “TouringtheCardiorespiratorySystem,”designedto engagestudentsand reinforcelearning, especiallyforvisuallearners.

APersonalApproachtoBehaviorChange

Connect Core Concepts in Health empowersstudentsto approachtopicsand issuesinhealthasanopportunityto explore, evaluate,and applywhattheylearntotheirownlives.

Connect Personal Health equipsstudentswithanonlinetoolkitofassignableactivitiesthatpromotebehaviorchange, includingself-assessments,video activities, practicequizzeswithimmediatefeedback,afitnessand nutritionjournal, andbehaviorchangetools, tips, and strategies. Connect Personal Health also helpsinstructorspersonalizetheir coursematerialto maximizestudentlearningand to reachtheirteachinggoals.

Anewtext-onlinefeaturecalled “ConnecttoYourChoices”challengesstudentstoexploretheirinnermotivationsfor theirhealthchoicesand reflectontheiroptions

ProvenfeatureslikeTakeCharge, TipsforTodayandtheFuture,andAsk Yourself:QuestionsforCriticalThinking andReflectionhelp studentsseehowtoputpersonalresponsibilityto themselvesand theirworld intopractice

Explore… yourhealthbehaviors,motivations,and goals.

Learn whatyouneedto knowaboutthescienceofhealth.

Live… yourhealthiest, mostfulfillinglife.

Pagexvi

OTHERKEYFEATURES ANDLEARNINGAIDS

Boxeswiththe“Connect Activity” iconfeatureastudentactivityin Connect Instructorscanassigntheactivityto ensurethattheirstudentsaregettingthemostfromtheboxes.

BehaviorChange Strategies inselected chaptersofferspecificbehaviormanagement/modificationplansrelatedto thechaptertopic

Quick Stats marginalnotationsfocusattentiononparticularlystrikingstatisticsrelatedto thetopicathand. Quick Statsalternatewithhighlighted quotes fromthe text,designed toreinforcekeyconcepts.

VitalStatistics tablesandfigureshighlightimportantfactsandfiguresinformatsthatmaybemoreimmediately accessiblebysomelearners.

Chapter-openinglearningobjectiveslabeled Looking Aheadpreparestudentsfortheupcomingchaptercontent.

Arunningglossary and termsinboldfacetypehelp studentshandlenewvocabulary

Chaptersummaries givestudentsaconcisereviewofkeyconcepts.

ForMore Informationsectionspointstudentstoward recommended books, newsletters, organizations, hotlines, andWebsites SelectedBibliographies providereferenceinformationforeachchapter,and acompleteIndex includesreferencesto glossarytermsinboldfacetype.

TheNutritionResources Appendix helpsstudentsaccessnutritionalinformationonline,includingnutritional informationfrompopularfast-foodrestaurants.

NEWFEATURES ANDCHANGES TO THETWELFTHEDITION

Thetwelftheditionof Connect Core Concepts in Health hasbeenupdatedthroughoutwiththemostcurrenthealth informationavailable. (Alistofcontentrevisionsbychapterfollows.)Inaddition,thetexthasbeenstreamlinedfor accessibilityandreadability,newheadingshavebeeninserted,and keydatahavebeenchunked intolists, charts, tables, and figures Theseimprovementsallowstudentstolocate,interpret, and retainimportantinformationmoreeasily Newand updatedimagesandgraphicsheightenthebook'svisualappeal.

Newto thiseditionaretwo vibrantcolortransparency sections called “TouringLifestyleBehaviors”and “Touringthe CardiorespiratorySystem,”inserted inChapters8 and 12,respectively Inadditionto illustrationsofthecardiorespiratory system, theheartand lungs, and theprocessofatherosclerosis,theinsertsincluderepresentationsoftheeffectsoftobacco use, thestagesofalcoholintoxication, andtheeffectsofexercise,aswellasvisualexplanationsofdiabetesandthe greenhouseeffect. Designed to engagestudents,especiallyvisuallearners,theillustrationsarelinked to learningobjectives.

Also newtothiseditionisafeatureseriescalled“Onthe Environment.” Includedinselected chapters,theseboxeshelps studentsseetheirinterconnectionswiththeenvironmentand empowerthemto takeresponsibilityfortheirenvironmental healthand forthehealthoftheplanet. Topicsrangefrom“naturedeficitdisorder”to theeffectsofendocrine-disrupting chemicalsonhumanreproductivehealthto theenvironmentalbenefitsoforganicfarming.

ContentRevisionsbyChapter

Chapter1:NewMind/Body/Spiritboxadded, “FinancialWellness”;newIntheNewsboxadded,“HealthCareReform,” and chapterupdatedwithnewhealthcarereforminformation;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“TheEnvironmental Challenge”;mortalitystatisticsupdatedthroughout(Figure1.1showingleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStatesand Figure1.3showingleadingcausesofdeathforyoungadults),withlatestdatafromtheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics; newcoverageof Healthy People 2020 added and selected Healthy People 2010 objectivesupdated

Chapter2:NewOntheEnvironmentboxadded, “TheGreenWayto ManageStress”;IntheNewsboxupdated,“Coping AfterViolenceonCampus”;newMind/Body/Spiritboxadded,“Altruism:IsDoingGood Good forYourHealth?”;statistics onstressupdatedthroughout,withdatafromthe2009 AmericanPsychologicalAssociation'sannual“StressinAmerica” survey;statisticsonsleep updated throughout, withdatafromtheNationalSleep Foundation;discussionofsleepexpanded and newFigure2.4 added,illustratingsleep apnea;newinformationadded onaffirmationsasacognitivetechniquefor managingstress.

Chapter3:Discussionofpsychologicalhealthexpanded, withmoreinformationonpositivepsychology, emotional intelligence, self-esteem,and optimism;sectiononsuicideexpanded;Table3.1 updated, showingdefenseandcoping mechanisms;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“ADHDand Exposureto Nature”;IntheNewsbox“AntidepressantUse inYoungPeople”updated.

Chapter4:Demographicstatisticsupdated throughout,withdatafromtheU.S.CensusBureau,theNationalCenterfor HealthStatistics,theAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation,andothers;discussionoffriendship expanded, withnewsurveys onsocialnetworks;discussionofsocialnetworkingupdated andexpanded;discussionoflove,intimacy, and coupling updated;InFocusbox“OnlineRelationships”updated;newInFocusboxadded,“HookingUp”;IntheNewsbox“SameSexMarriageandCivilUnions”updated;discussionofsexualorientationand genderidentityupdated

Pagexvii

Chapter5:Statisticsonsexualbehaviorupdated,withdatafromtheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociationandtheCDC; newDimensionsofDiversityboxadded,“GenitalAlteration”;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“EnvironmentalHazards and ReproductiveHealth:EndocrineDisruptors”;discussionofprenatalhormonesexpanded;discussionofovulationtiming clarified;discussionoffemaleand malesexualdevelopmentexpanded;discussionofcommonsexualhealthproblems expanded;discussionofcommonsexualdysfunctionsexpanded;discussionofgenderrolesandgenderidentityexpanded and clarifiedtoincludecisgender, transgender,and intersex;newsectionadded, “WhyPeopleHaveSex,”basedonarecent survey;newdiscussionofsextingadded;newIntheNewsboxadded, “SexAddiction”;newCriticalConsumerboxadded, “HomePregnancyTests”;newTakeChargeboxadded,“PhysicalActivityDuringPregnancy”;discussionofprenatal nutritionexpandedwithlatestrecommendationsfromtheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.

Chapter6:Newinformationadded oninjectablecontraceptivesand onavarietyoforalcontraceptives;IntheNewsbox updated,“EmergencyContraception”;Table6.3updated withstatisticsontheeffectiveness/failureratesofalltypesof contraceptivemethods;section“WhichContraceptiveMethodIsRightforYou?”expanded;informationaboutthelegal statusofabortionupdated;statisticsaboutabortionratesandmethodsupdated;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded, “EnvironmentalHazardsand Miscarriage.”

Chapter7:Statisticsondruguseand abuseupdated,withdatafromtheMindingtheFutureSurvey,theNationalSurveyon DrugUseandHealth, theYouthRisk BehaviorSurvey,and others;newIntheNewsboxadded, “PrescriptionDrugAbuse AmongAmericanTeenagers”;Table7.1,“DrugUseAmongAmericans,”updated;discussionofthelegalstatusofmedical marijuanaupdated;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“Methand theEnvironment:AToxicImpact.”

Chapter8:Statisticsonalcoholuseandabuseupdated,withdatafromtheMindingtheFutureSurvey, theNationalSurvey onDrugUseandHealth, theYouthRisk BehaviorSurvey,and others;statisticsonalcohol-related accidents,injuries, deaths,and arrestsupdated;newIntheNewsboxadded,“Caffeinated AlcoholicBeverages:TheDangersofBeing‘Drunk and WideAwake’”;discussionofhealtheffectsofalcoholexpanded,withnewinformationonbreastcancer;statisticson tobaccouseupdated,withdatafromtheNationalSurveyonDrugUseandHealth,theYouthRisk BehaviorSurvey, the AmericanCancerSociety,and others;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“Tobacco Useand theEnvironment”; discussionupdatedofrecentcourtrulingsoncigarettelabeling;newsectionadded onelectroniccigarettes

Chapter9:Newrecommendationsadded from2010DietaryGuidelinesAdvisoryCommitteeReport;overviewofnutrients expanded;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“OrganicFarming, OrganicFoods”;newrecommendationsincludedon sodiumintake;discussionofdietarysupplementsexpanded;Table9.1 updated,“TypesofFattyAcidsand TheirPossible EffectsonHealth”;IntheNewsbox“ReducingYourTransFatIntake”updated

Chapter10:LatestACSMexerciserecommendationsforstrengthtrainingand flexibilityexerciseadded;latestphysical activityrecommendationsincluded fromthe2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans;newOntheEnvironment

boxadded, “BottledWaterand theEnvironment”;newInFocusboxadded,“CoreTraining.”

Chapter11:Statisticsonoverweightand obesityupdated throughout,withdatafromtheNationalCenterforHealth Statisticsand theCDC;newTable11.1 added,“ObesityPrevalence,byAgeand Sex,ofAmericanAdults,2007–2008”; discussionofBMIupdated;discussionofdietarysupplementsand dietaidsupdated;discussionofdiabetesupdated

Chapter12:Statisticsonheartdiseaseupdatedthroughout,withdatafromtheAmericanHeartAssociation's Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, 2010;newInFocusboxadded,“Exerciseand CVDRisk”;discussionofhormonereplacement therapyupdated;Table12.3, “DefiningCharacteristicsofMetabolicSyndrome,”updated;TakeChargebox“Whatto Doin CaseofaHeartAttack,Stroke,orCardiacArrest”updated withlatestinformationfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation; heart-healthydietaryrecommendationsupdated withinformationfromthereportofthe2010 DietaryGuidelinesAdvisory Committee;statisticsoncancerupdated throughout, withdatafromtheAmericanCancerSociety's Cancer Facts and Figures, 2010;discussionofcancerdevelopmentexpanded;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“Cancerandthe Environment”;newIntheNewsboxadded, “HPVand Cancer”;TakeChargeboxupdated,“Howto PerformaBreast Self-Exam,”withlatestinformationfromtheAmericanCancerSociety;Table12 4 updated,“ScreeningGuidelinesforthe EarlyDetectionofCancerinAverage-Risk AsymptomaticPeople,”withlatestguidelinesfromtheAmericanCancerSociety

Chapter13:Statisticsondiseaseincidenceupdated throughout;newsectionadded onepidemicsand pandemics;newInthe Newsboxadded, “The2009H1N1 FluPandemic”;statisticsonSTDsupdated throughout, withdatafromtheCDC, WHO, GuttmacherInstitute, andothers;DimensionsofDiversitybox“HIV/AIDS Around theWorld”updated.

Pagexviii

Chapter14:Statisticsupdatedthroughout,withdatafromtheWorld HealthOrganization,World WildlifeFund,United Nations, and others;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“EnvironmentalHealthChecklist”;informationonclimatechange updated,withinformationaboutthe2009 CopenhagenClimateChangeConference;discussionofe-wasteupdated;newIn Focusboxadded,“RenewableEnergy”;newIntheNewsboxadded,“TheGulfOilSpillof2010”;discussionofradiation expandedtoincludeconcernsaboutcellphones;newinformationon“carbonfootprints”added.

Chapter15:Discussionofprescriptionmedicationsexpanded;discussionofcomplementaryandalternativemedicine updatedwithnewcategoriesandlatestinformationfromtheNCCAM;discussionofnaturopathyadded;newOnthe Environmentboxadded, “Medicineand DrugsfromNature”;Table15.1 updated,“UseofComplementaryand Alternative TherapiesbyAdults”;newIntheNewsboxadded,“EvidenceMountingforAlternativeTherapies”;informationaddedon the Exercise Is Medicine initiative;newDimensionsofDiversityboxadded,“HealthCareReform:Who'sLeftOut?”; discussionofhealthcare, healthinsurance,and payingforhealthcareupdated withinformationonthehealthcarereform legislationof2010

Chapter16:StatisticsupdatedthroughoutwithdatafromtheNationalSafetyCouncil, FederalBureauofInvestigation, CDC, WHO, andothers;Table16.1 updatedwithnewdatafromtheNationalSafetyCouncil;newInFocusboxadded, “RepetitiveStrainInjuries”';newIntheNewsboxadded,“TheHumanDimensioninAntiterrorismEfforts”;discussionof distracteddrivingandcellphoneuseupdated;newOntheEnvironmentboxadded,“ExtremeWeatherandPersonal Safety.”

Chapter17:Statisticsonlifeexpectancyandqualityoflifeupdated;recommendationsforphysicalactivityforolderadults updated,withinformationfromthe2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report; newInFocusbox added, “CanExerciseDelaytheEffectsofAging?”;statisticsondeathrates,mortality,organdonation,and suicide/assisted suicideupdated;discussionofhospicecareexpanded withnewinformationand statistics;newOntheEnvironmentbox added, “GreenBurials.”

McGraw-Hill Connect,anewweb-based assignmentand assessmentplatform,connectsstudents withtheircourseworkandwiththeirinstructors With Connect Personal Health, studentsgainaccessto awealthofonline content,includingself-assessments, videoactivities,afitnessand nutritionjournal,practicequizzeswithimmediatefeedback, and amedia-richeBook. Connect Personal Health meetsstudentsonline,wheretheylive, bringingthetexttolifeand enhancingitsusefulnessasapracticalguide.

Connect Personal Health nowincludesanintelligentlearningsystemthatdiagnosesstudents' knowledgeofasubjectand thencreatesanindividualized learningpathto help themgainmasteryofthematerial Thisadaptive diagnostictoolhelps studentsdiscoverwhattheyknowalreadyandwhattheydon'tknowyet.Whetherthesystemisassignedbyyouorused independentlybystudentsasastudytool, theresultscanberecorded inaneasy-to-usegradereportthatallowsyouto measurestudentprogressand coachyourstudentsto success.Yourstudentswillleanfaster, studymoreefficiently,and retainmoreknowledgewhenusingthisinnovativetool

The Connect Core Concepts in Health Online Learning Center(www.mhhe.com/inselbrief12e)providesmany resourcesforinstructors:

Course IntegratorGuide

Testbank

PowerPointslides

Image bank

Transparency masters andstudenthandouts

Weblinks

BlackboardandMcGraw-HillHigherEducationhaveteamed up!Now,allMcGraw-Hillcontent(text, tools, and homework)canbeaccesseddirectlyfromwithinyourBlackboard course allwithasinglesign-on McGraw-Hill'scontent isseamlesslywovenwithinyourBlackboard course. Connect assignmentswithinBlackboard automatically(andinstantly) feedgradesdirectlytoyourBlackboard gradecenter.No morekeepingtrack oftwogradebooks!Evenifyourinstitutionis notcurrentlyusingBlackboard,McGraw-Hillhasasolutionforyou. Ask yoursalesrepresentativefordetails.

ClassroomPerformance System(CPS)bringsinteractivityinto theclassroomorlecturehall CPS isawirelessresponse systemthatgivesinstructorsimmediatefeedbackonpollingorquizquestionsfromtheentireclass.

TegrityCampus isaservicethatcapturesaudio and computerscreenshotsfromyourlectures, allowingstudentstoreviewclassmaterialwhenstudyingorcompletingassignments Lecturesarecaptured inasearchable formatsothatstudentscanreplayanypartofanyclassacrossanentiresemesterofclassrecordings. Withclassroom resourcesavailableallthetime, studentscanstudymoreefficientlyandlearnmoresuccessfully.

CourseSmart, thelargestproviderofeTextbooks,offersstudentstheoptionofreceiving Connect Core Concepts in Health asaneBook. AtCourseSmartyourstudentscantakeadvantageofsignificantsavingsoffthecostofaprint textbook,reducetheirimpactontheenvironment,and gainaccessto powerfulweb toolsforlearning.CourseSmart eTextbookscanbeviewedonlineordownloadedto acomputer.TheeTextbooksallowstudentsto do fulltextsearches, add highlightingandnotes,and sharenoteswithclassmates.Visitwww.CourseSmart.comto learnmoreandto tryasample chapter

McGraw-HillCreate allowsyoutocreateacustomized textbook oreBook tailored to yourcourseand syllabus. Youcan searchthroughthousandsofMcGraw-Hilltexts,rearrangechapters, combinematerialfromothercontentsources,and includeyourowncontentorteachingnotes. Createevenallowsyouto personalizeyourbook'sappearancebyselectingthe coverand addingyourname, school,andcourseinformation.To registerand to getmoreinformation,goto http://create.mcgraw-hill.com.

StudentResources availablewith Connect Core Concepts in Health includethefollowing:

WellnessWorksheetshelp studentsbecomemoreinvolved intheirwellnessand betterpreparedto implement successfulbehaviorchange. Theyincludeassessmenttools, Internetactivities,and knowledge-based reviewsofkey concepts. Theyareavailablein Connect

NutritionCalcPlus3.2,adietaryanalysisprogram,isavailableonCD-ROMorinanInternetversion.

The Daily Fitness and Nutrition Journal helpsstudentsplanand track theirfitnessprograms. Itisavailablein Connect.

TheHealthand FitnessPedometerallowsstudentsto counttheirdailystepsand track theirphysicalactivitylevel

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Connect Core Concepts in Health hasbenefited fromthethoughtfulcommentary,expertknowledge, and helpful suggestionsofmanypeople Wearedeeplygratefulfortheirparticipationintheproject

AcademicContributors

MelissaBernstein,Ph.D.,R.D.,L.D.,

Rosalind FranklinUniversityofMedicineandScience

Nutrition Basics

Thomas D. Fahey,Ed.D.,

CaliforniaStateUniversity, Chico

Exercise for Health and Fitness

James Freeman, M.D.,M.P.H.,

Stanford University

Cardiovascular Health and Cancer

MichaelHoadley,PhD.,

AssistantVice-PresidentforAcademicAffairs,CenterforAcademicTechnologySupport, EasternIllinoisUniversity

Personal Safety

PaulM. Insel, Ph.D.,

Stanford University

Taking Charge of Your Health

MaryIten, PhD., UniversityofNebraskaatKearney

The Challenge of Aging

RobertJarski, Ph.D.,

ProfessorofHealthSciences

Director, ComplementaryMedicineand WellnessProgram,Oakland University

Conventional and Complementary Medicine

NancyKemp, M.D.

Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth; Contraception and Abortion; Immunity and Infection

JohnKowalczyk,Ph.D.,

UniversityofMinnesota,Duluth

Environmental Health

InnaLandres, M.D., Stanford HospitalandClinics

Contraception and Abortion

JavierLopez-Zetina,

AssociateProfessor, HealthScienceDepartment,CaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach

The Use and Abuse of Psychoactive Drugs

Amy McMullen, M.D., Stanford University

Cardiovascular Health and Cancer

JacobW. Roth, Ph.D.,

ChiefofAdultPsychiatry, KaiserPermanenteSanJoseMedicalCenter;AdjunctClinicalFaculty,StanfordUniversity

The Challenge of Aging

WaltonT. Roth, M.D., Stanford University

Stress: The Constant Challenge; Psychological Health

JudithSharlin, Ph.D., R.D.,

DepartmentofNutrition,SimmonsCollege

Weight Management

Pagexx

RachelStern,

M.S.,R.D., NutritionConsultant

Alcohol and Tobacco

PhilipTakakjian,Ph.D.

Intimate Relationships and Communication

SarahWaller, M.D., Stanford University

Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Patrick Zickler, SeniorHealthandScienceWriter, CircleSolutions, Inc.

Alcohol and Tobacco

MarthaZuniga, Ph.D.,

UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz

Immunity and Infection

AcademicAdvisorsandReviewersoftheTwelfthEdition

MarshinaBaker, BowieStateUniversity

MarthaBeagle, BereaCollege

LindaBeatty, McLennanCommunityCollege

WilliamBock, BallStateUniversity

JeffBolles, UniversityofNorthCarolinaatPembroke

ChristineDerr, CaliforniaStateUniversity,MontereyBay

LisaDukes, IowaStateUniversity

KarenEdwards,UniversityofDelaware

BrianGoslin, Oakland University

KarenHelmick, FingerLakesCommunityCollege

LorieHenley, FingerLakesCommunityCollege

RobertHess,CommunityCollegeofBaltimore

LeslieHickcox, Portland CommunityCollege,CascadeCampus

TomHicks, ElCaminoCollege

KimberlyD.Hieftje,IndianaUniversity,Bloomington

JonHisgen,CarrollUniversity

Harold Horn, LincolnLand CommunityCollege

ColleenMaloney-Hinds,CraftonHillsCollege

AndiMilburn, SanDiego CityCollege

Richard Morris, RollinsCollege,WinterPark

David Oster, JeffersonCollege

LesleyRennis, BoroughofManhattanCommunityCollege

CynthiaSmith, CentralPiedmontCommunityCollege

JefferyWaddy, SouthSuburbanCollege

BonnieYoung,GeorgiaPerimeterCollege,Dunwoody

KaraZografos, CaliforniaStateUniversity,Fresno

PersonalHealthSymposiaParticipants

DedeBodnar, SanDiegoCityCollege

ChristineBouffard,WaubonseeCommunityCollege

JenniferFay, ArizonaStateUniversity

GabrielleFloyd, TexasSouthernUniversity

KathyGilbert, IndianaUniversity

ChristineGorman, KeanUniversity

KrisJankovitz,CaliforniaPolytechStateUniversity

RaeannKoerner, VenturaCollege

JenniferLangeland, WesternMichiganUniversity

GraceLartey, WesternKentuckyUniversity

RandyMaday,ButteCollege

CraigNewton,MiddleGeorgiaCollege

KayPerrin,UniversityofSouthFlorida

KarlaRues, OzarksTechnicalCommunityCollege

CindyShelton, UniversityofCentralArkansas

JakeSilvestri, HudsonValleyCommunityCollege

GayleTruitt-Bean,ClarionUniversityofPennsylvania

JaeWestfall, TheOhioStateUniversity

Finally,wearegratefultothe Connect Core Concepts in Health bookteamatMcGraw-Hill,withoutwhoseeffortsthe book could nothavebeenpublished.Thanksto all!

PaulM.Insel

WaltonT. Roth

LOOKINGAHEAD…

Afterreading this chapter, youshouldbe able to:

Describethedimensionsofwellness

IdentifymajorhealthproblemsintheUnited Statestoday

Describetheinfluenceofgender, ethnicity, income, disability, familyhistory, and environmentonhealth

Explaintheimportanceofpersonaldecisionmakingand behaviorchangeinachievingwellness

Listsomeavailablesourcesofhealthinformationand explainhowto think criticallyaboutthem

Describethestepsincreatingabehaviormanagementplanto changeahealth-related behavior

collegesophomoresetsthefollowinggoalsforherself:

To joinnewsocialcirclesand makenewfriendswheneverpossible

To exerciseeveryday

To cleanup trashand planttreesinblighted neighborhoodsinhercommunity

Thesegoalsmaydiffer, buttheyhaveonethingincommon. Eachcontributes, initsownway, to thisstudent's healthand well-being. Notsatisfied merelyto befreeofillness, shewantsmore. Shehasdecided to liveactively and fully notjustto behealthy, butto pursueastateofoverallwellness.

WELLNESS:NEWHEALTHGOALS

Generationsofpeoplehaveviewed healthsimplyastheabsenceofdisease. Thatviewlargelyprevailstoday. Theword healthtypicallyrefersto theoverallconditionofaperson'sbodyormind and to thepresenceor absenceofillnessorinjury Wellness isarelativelynewconceptthatexpandsourideaofhealth Beyond the simplepresenceorabsenceofdisease, wellnessrefersto optimalhealthand vitality to livinglifeto itsfullest.

Enhanced wellnessinvolvesmakingconsciousdecisionsto enhanceyourhealthand to controlrisk factors that contributeto illnessorinjury Somerisk factors, suchasgeneticpredispositionto aparticulardiseaseor condition, arebeyond thecontroloftheindividual. Otherrisk factors, suchasthekindsoffood youeat, arewell withinindividualcontrol. Peopleofeveryagecanreducetheirhealthrisksand pursuewellnessbychoosing healthybehaviors, suchasexercising, notsmoking, and managingstress.

TheDimensionsofWellness

Expertshavedefined sixdimensionsofwellness, whicharelisted inTable1.1. Thesedimensionsareinterrelated; eachhasaneffectontheothers. Further, theprocessofachievingwellnessiscontinuingand dynamic(Figure 1.1), involvingchangeand growth. Wellnessisnotstatic. Ignoringanydimensionofwellnesscanhaveharmful effectsonyourlife Butthatistheencouragingaspectofwellness:Youcanactivelypursueit

Table1.1

ExamplesofQualitiesand BehaviorsAssociated withtheDimensionsofWellness

FIGURE1.1

The wellness continuum. Theconceptofwellnessincludesvitalityinsixinterrelated dimensions, allofwhich contributeto overallwellness. Page2

PhysicalWellnessYourphysicalwellnessincludesnotjustyourbody'soverallconditionand theabsenceof diseasebutyourfitnessleveland yourabilityto careforyourself. Thehigheryourfitnesslevelis, thehigheryour levelofphysicalwellnesswillbe. Similarly, asyoudevelop theabilityto takecareofyourownphysicalneeds, youensuregreaterphysicalwellness. To achieveoptimumphysicalwellness, youneed to makechoicesthatwill help youavoid illnessesand injuries

EmotionalWellnessYouremotionalwellnessrelatesto yourmentalhealthand reflectsyourabilityto understand and dealwithyourfeelings. Emotionalwellnessinvolvestheabilityto liveafulland creativelifeand theflexibility to dealwithlife'schallenges. Indicationsofhealthymentaland emotionalfunctioningarecharacteristicssuchasa person'ssenseofworth, senseofcontrol, emotionalawarenessand copingskills, problemsolvingskills, stressmanagementskills, beliefs, creativity, senseofhumor, and culturalidentity. Achievingemotionalwellnessmeans findingsolutionsto emotionalproblems, withprofessionalhelp ifnecessary.

Terms

healthTheoverallconditionofbodyormind and thepresenceorabsenceofillnessorinjury.

wellnessOptimalhealthand vitality, encompassingallthedimensionsofwell-being. risk factorAconditionthatincreasesone'schancesofdiseaseorinjury.

IntellectualWellnessThosewho enjoyintellectualwellnessconstantlychallengetheirminds Anactivemind is essentialto wellnessbecauseitdetectsproblems, findssolutions, and directsbehavior. Peoplewho enjoy intellectualwellnessneverstop learning;theytryto learnnewthingsthroughouttheirlifetime. Theyseek outnew experiencesand challenges.

InterpersonalWellnessYourinterpersonal(orsocial)wellnessisdefined byyourabilityto develop and maintain satisfyingand supportiverelationships. Suchrelationshipsareessentialto physicaland emotionalhealth. Social wellnessrequiresparticipatinginand contributingto yourcommunityand to society.

SpiritualWellnessTo enjoyspiritualwellnessisto possessasetofguidingbeliefs, principles, orvaluesthatgive meaningand purposeto yourlife, especiallyindifficulttimes. Thespirituallywellpersonfocusesonthepositive aspectsoflifeand findsspiritualityto beanantidotefornegativefeelingssuchascynicism, anger, and pessimism. Organized religionshelp manypeopledevelop spiritualhealth. Religion, however, isnottheonlysourceorform ofspiritualwellness. Manypeoplefind meaningand purposeintheirlivesontheirown throughnature, art, meditation, orgood works orwithloved ones

Table1 2

LeadingCausesofDeathintheUnited States, 2007

Page3

EnvironmentalWellnessYourenvironmentalwellnessisdefined bythelivabilityofyoursurroundings. Personal healthdependsonthehealthoftheplanet fromthesafetyofthefood supplyto thedegreeofviolencein society. Yourphysicalenvironmenteithersupportsyourwellnessordiminishesit. To improveyourenvironmental wellness, youcanlearnaboutand protectyourselfagainsthazardsinyoursurroundingsand work to makeyour world acleanerand saferplace.

OtherAspectsofWellnessManyexpertsconsideroccupationalwellnessand financialwellnessto beadditional importantdimensionsofwellness Occupational wellness refersto thelevelofhappinessand fulfillmentyougain throughyourwork Anoccupationallywellpersontrulylikeshisorherwork, feelsaconnectionto othersinthe workplace, and hasopportunitiesto bechallenged and gainrecognition. To achieveoccupationalwellness, tryto setcareergoalsthatreflectyourpersonalvalues.

Financial wellness refersto yourabilityto livewithinyourmeansand manageyourmoneyinawaythatgives youpeaceofmind. Formoreonthistopic, seethebox“FinancialWellness.”

NewOpportunitiesforTakingCharge

Wellnessisafairlynewconcept Acenturyago, Americansconsidered themselvesluckyjustto surviveto adulthood. Achild bornin1900, forexample, could expectto liveonlyabout47 years. Morbidity and mortality rates (ratesofillnessand death, respectively)fromcommoninfectious diseases (suchas pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea)weremuchhigherthanAmericansexperiencetoday.

Since1900, lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubled, duelargelyto thedevelopmentofvaccinesand antibioticsto fightinfectionsand to publichealthmeasures, suchaswaterpurificationand sewagetreatment, to improveliving conditions. Buteventhoughlifeexpectancyhasincreased, poorhealthwilllimitmostAmericans' activitiesduring thelast15%oftheirlives, resultinginsomesortofimpaired life(Figure1.2). Today, adifferentsetofdiseases hasemerged asourmajorhealththreat, and heartdisease, cancer, and strokearenowthethreeleadingcauses

ofdeathforAmericans(Table1 2) Treatingsuchchronicdiseases iscostlyand difficult

Terms

morbidity rate Therelativeincidenceofdiseaseamongapopulation. mortality rateThenumberofdeathsinapopulationinagivenperiod oftime;usuallyexpressed asaratio, such as75 deathsper1000 membersofthepopulation. infectious diseaseAdiseasethatcanspread frompersonto person;caused bymicroorganismssuchas bacteriaand viruses.

chronicdiseaseAdiseasethatdevelopsand continuesoveralongperiod oftime, suchasheartdiseaseor cancer

Page4

FinancialWellness

Withthenewsfullofstoriesofhomemortgageforeclosures, creditcard debt, and personalbankruptcies, ithas becomepainfullyclearthatmanyAmericansdo notknowhowto managetheirfinances. Aresuchstressful experiencesinevitableintoday'sworld?Notatall. Youcanavoid thembydevelopingtheskillsthatcontributeto financialwellness. Theseskillsincludeknowinghowto manageyourmoney, usingself-disciplineto livewithin yourmeans, usingcreditcardswisely, stayingoutofdebt, meetingyourfinancialobligations, havingalong-range financialplan, and saving Theyalso includemanagingyouremotionalrelationship withmoneyand beingin chargeofyourfinancialdecisions. Ifyouhaven'tdeveloped theseskillsyet, nowisthetimeto start.

Learnto Budget

Havingabudgetisawayoftrackingwhereyourmoneygoesand makingsureyou'respendingitonthethings thataremostimportantto you. Basicbudgetingworksheetsareavailableonline, butyoucanalso justusea notebook withlined paper. Ononepage, listyourmonthlyincomebysource, and onanother, listyour expenditures. Ifyou'renotsurewhereyouspend yourmoney, track yourexpendituresforafewweeksora month Thenorganizetheminto categories, suchashousing, food, transportation, entertainment, services, personalcare, clothes, booksand schoolsupplies, health, creditcard/loanpayments, and miscellaneous.

Nowtotalyourincomeand expenditures. Areyoutakinginmorethanyouspend, orareyouspendingmorethan you'retakingin?Areyouspendingyourmoneywhereyouwantto spend it, orareyousurprised byyour spendingpatterns?Usewhatyoufind outto setguidelinesand goalsforyourself Ifyourexpendituresexceed yourincome, identifywhereyoucanbeginto makesomecuts.

Berealisticaboutwhatyoucancut, butalso realizethatyoumayhaveto adjustyourmind-setaboutwhatyou canafford Onceyouhaveabalancebetweenincomeand expenses, don'tstop there tryto havealittleleft overeachmonthforanemergencyfund orsavings.

BeWaryofCreditCards

Collegestudentsareprimetargetsforcreditcard companies, and mostundergraduateshaveatleastonecard. A 2009 reportfound thatcollegestudentsusecreditcardsto livebeyond theirmeans, notjustforconvenience Theaverageoutstandingbalanceonundergraduatecreditcardswasmorethan$3000.

Thebestwayto avoid creditcard debtisto havejustonecard, to useitonlywhennecessary, and to payoffthe entirebalanceeverymonth. Makesureyouunderstand termslike APR (annualpercentagerate theinterest you'recharged onyourbalance), credit limit (themaximumamountyoucanborrowatanyonetime), minimum monthly payment (thesmallestpaymentyourcreditorwillaccepteachmonth), grace period (thenumberof daysyouhaveto payyourbillbeforeinterest, latefees, orotherpenaltiesarecharged), and over-the-limit and late fees (theamountyou'llbecharged ifyourpaymentislateoryougo overyourcreditlimit).

GetOutofDebt

Ifyoudo havecreditcard debt, stop usingyourcardsand startpayingthemoff. Ifyoucan'tpaythewhole balance, tryto atleastpaymorethantheminimumpaymenteachmonth. Mostpeoplearesurprised byhowlong itwilltaketo payoffaloanbymakingonlytheminimumpayments Forexample, to payoffacreditcard balanceof$2000 at10%interestwithmonthlypaymentsof$20 would take203 months 17 years. To seefor yourself, check outanonlinecreditcard calculatorlikehttp://www.bankrate.com/calculators/credit-cards/creditcard-payoff-calculator.aspx. Bycarryingabalanceand incurringfinancecharges, youarealso payingback much morethanyourinitialloan moneyyoucould beputtingto otheruses

StartSaving

Thesamemiracleofcompound interestthatlocksyouinto yearsofcreditcard debtcanwork to yourbenefitif youstartsavingearly(foranonlinecompound interestcalculator, visit http://www.moneychimp.com/calculator/compound interest calculator.htm). Expertsrecommend “paying yourselffirst”everymonth thatis, puttingsomemoneyinto savingsbeforeyoustartpayingyourbills, dependingonwhatyourbudgetallows. Ifyouwork foracompanywitha401(k)retirementplan, contributeas muchasyoucaneverypayperiod.

Althoughmodernliferequiresfinancialliteracy whichincludeseverythingfrombasicslikebalancinga checkbook to moresophisticated endeavorslikedevelopingalong-termfinancialplan mostAmericanshave notreceived anykind ofeducationinfinancialskills TheUS governmenthasestablished theFinancialLiteracy and EducationCommission(www.MyMoney.gov)to help Americansdevelop financialliteracyand learnhowto save, invest, and managetheirmoneybetter.

Makeitapriorityto achievefinancialwellness, and startnow. Moneymaynotbuyyoulove, buthavingcontrol overyourmoneycanbuyyoualotofpeaceofmind

SOURCES:FederalDepositInsuranceCorporation. 2010. Money Smart: A Financial Education Program (http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/consumer/moneysmart/young.html;retrieved October28, 2010.);Plymouth StateUniversity 2009 Financial Wellness (http://wwwplymouthedu/finaid/wellness/indexhtml;retrieved October28, 2010);U.S. FinancialLiteracyand EducationCommission. 2009. Do You Want to Learn How to Save, Manage, and Invest Your Money Better? (http://www.mymoney.gov;retrieved October28, 2010).

MIND/BODY/SPIRIT:FinancialWellness

(Yourscorewillbereported to yourinstructor)

Table1.3

KeyContributorsto DeathAmongAmericans

Page5

Thegood newsisthatpeoplehavesomecontroloverwhethertheydevelop chronicdiseases. Peoplemake choiceseverydaythatincreaseordecreasetheirrisksforsuchdiseases. Eachofuscantakepersonal responsibilityforlifestyle choices thatincludebehaviorssuchassmoking, diet, exercise, and alcoholuse. As Table1 3 makesclear, lifestylefactorscontributeto manydeathsintheUnited States, and peoplecaninfluence theirownhealthrisks.

Theneed to makegood choicesisespeciallytrueforteensand youngadults. ForAmericansage15–24, for example, thetop threecausesofdeathareunintentionalinjuries(accidents), homicide, and suicide(Table1 4)

PromotingHealthand PreventingDisease

Peopleareanation'smostimportantresource. Thecreativity, vitality, and prosperityofacountrydepend onthe healthofitspeople Governmentsaswellascommunitiesfind itintheirlong-termintereststo promotehealthand preventdisease. TheWorld HealthOrganization(WHO)defineshealthpromotionas“theprocessofenabling peopleto increasecontrolovertheirhealthand itsdeterminants, and therebyimprovetheirhealth.”Theprimary meansofpromotinghealtharepublichealthpoliciesand agenciesthatidentifyand discourageunhealthyand high-risk behaviorsand thatencourageand provideincentivesforjudicioushealthbehaviors. Manycollege campuseshavehealthpromotionprogramsoractivities

IntheUnited States, theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)and theCentersforDiseaseControland Prevention (CDC)arefederalagenciescharged withpromotingthepublic'shealth. NIHistheprimaryfederalagencyfor conductingand supportingmedicalresearch. NIHscientistsinvestigatewaysto preventdiseaseaswellasthe causes, treatments, and curesforcommonand rarediseases. Composed of27 institutesand centers, theNIH providesleadership and financialsupportto researchersineverystateand around theworld TheNIHtranslates researchresultsinto interventionsand communicatesresearchfindingsto patients, healthcareproviders, and the public.

Disease preventionisamajorfocusofpublichealthpromotion. Workingatdiseaseprevention, theCDC collaborateswithpartnersthroughoutthenationand theworld to providetoolsthatpeopleand communities need to protecttheirhealththroughhealthpromotion;preventionofdisease, injury, and disability;and preparednessfornewhealththreats. Preventionresearchfocusesonidentifyingrisk factorsand protective factorsfordiseases, disorders, and injuries;identifyinghigh-risk behaviors;and developing, managing, and evaluatingpreventiveinterventions

TERMS

lifestyle choiceAconsciousbehaviorthatcanincreaseordecreaseaperson'srisk ofdiseaseorinjury;such behaviorsincludesmoking, exercising, eatingahealthydiet, and others.

healthpromotionTheprocessofenablingpeopleto increasecontrolovertheirhealthand itsdeterminants, and therebyimprovetheirhealth.

disease preventionTheprocessofprovidingtoolsthatpeopleand communitiesneed to protecttheirhealthby reducingrisks;promotinghealth;preventingdisease, injury, and disability;and preparingfornewhealththreats.

LeadingCausesofDeathAmongAmericansAges15–24

Page6

TheHealthyPeopleInitiative

ThenationalHealthyPeopleinitiativeaimsto preventdiseaseand improveAmericans' qualityoflife. Healthy Peoplereports, published eachdecadesince1980, setnationalhealthgoalsbased on10-yearagendas. The initiative'smostrecentiteration, Healthy People 2020, wasdeveloped in2008–2009 and released to thepublic in2010. Healthy People 2020 envisions“asocietyinwhichallpeoplelivelong, healthylives”and proposesthe eventualachievementofthefollowingbroad nationalhealthobjectives:

Eliminatepreventabledisease, disability, injury, and prematuredeath. Thisobjectiveinvolvesactivities suchastakingmoreconcretestepsto preventdiseasesand injuriesamongindividualsand groups,

Table1.4

promotinghealthylifestylechoices, improvingthenation'spreparednessforemergencies, and strengtheningthepublichealthinfrastructure.

Achievehealthequity, eliminatedisparities, and improvethehealthofallgroups. Thisobjectiveinvolves identifying, measuring, and addressinghealthdifferencesbetweenindividualsorgroupsthatresultfroma socialoreconomicdisadvantage.

Createsocialand physicalenvironmentsthatpromotegood healthforall. Thisobjectiveinvolvestheuse ofhealthinterventionsatmanydifferentlevels(suchasanti-smokingcampaignsbyschools, workplaces, and localagencies), improvingthesituationofundereducated and poorAmericansbyprovidingabroader arrayofeducationaland job opportunities, and activelydevelopinghealthierlivingand natural environmentsforeveryone.

Promotehealthydevelopmentand healthybehaviorsacrosseverystageoflife Thisobjectiveinvolves takingacradle-to-graveapproachto healthpromotionbyencouragingdiseasepreventionand healthy behaviorsinAmericansofallages.

1 2

Quantity oflife versus quality oflife. YearsofhealthylifeasaproportionoflifeexpectancyintheU.S. population.

SOURCES:NationalCenterforHealthStatistics. 2010. Deaths:Finaldatafor2007. National Vital Statistics Reports 58(19);NationalCenterforHealthStatistics Healthy People 2010 MidcourseReview Hyattsville, Md.:PublicHealthService.

Inashiftfromthepast, Healthy People 2020 emphasizestheimportanceofhealthdeterminants factorsthat affectthehealthofindividuals, demographicgroups, orentirepopulations. Healthdeterminantsaresocial (includingfactorssuchasethnicity, educationlevel, and economicstatus)and environmental(includingnatural and human-madeenvironments). Thus, onegoalisto improvelivingconditionsinwaysthatreducetheimpactof negativehealthdeterminants.

ExamplesofindividualhealthpromotiongoalsfromthemostrecentversionofHealthyPeopleforwhichgoals havebeenpublished (Healthy People 2010), alongwithestimatesofhowwellAmericansaretrackingtoward achievingthosegoals, appearinTable1.5.

Table1.5

Selected Healthy People 2020 Objectives

FIGURE

Collegestudentsfaceavarietyofwellnesschallenges, fromstressto sleep deprivationto unhealthyfood options. Butmanystudentsmakehealthylifestylechoicesand enjoyahighlevelofwellness.

Page7

Based ontheHealthyPeopleinitiativebutdesigned specificallyforcollegestudents, theHealthyCampus programassistscollegesindevelopingplansto improvestudenthealth. TheAmericanCollegeHealth Association'smanualfortheprogram, titled Healthy Campus: Making It Happen, isacompanionto Healthy People 2010. TheHealthyCampusprogramwasdeveloped throughabroad consultationprocessbuilton scientificconsensus

Healthy Campus 2010 providesplanningguidelinesand morethan200 health-related objectives. Using baselinesand targetsformeetingtheseobjectives, schoolscancustomizetheirhealthprograms. Forexample, a schoolmightchoosegoalssuchasincreasingtheproportionofstudentswho exerciseatleast3 daysaweek or increasingtheproportionofstudentswho followresponsiblesexualpractices. Healthy Campus 2020 is

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This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Kuningattaren romaani ynnä alkuperäisiä suomalaisia kertomuksia

Author: Kauppis-Heikki

Emil Peschkau

Otto Tuomi

Release date: February 7, 2024 [eBook #72896]

Language: Finnish

Original publication: Kuopio: Kuopion Uusi Kirjapaino, 1897

Credits: Juhani Kärkkäinen and Tapio Riikonen *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KUNINGATTAREN ROMAANI ***

KUNINGATTAREN ROMAANI

ynnä

Alkuperäisiä suomalaisia kertomuksia

Kuopiossa, Kuopion Uusi Kirjapaino, 1897.

SISÄLLYS:

Anaski, kirj. Kauppis-Heikki.

Laivan kannella, kirj. Kauppis-Heikki.

Kummitus rukissa, kirj. Kauppis-Heikki.

Kauppaneuvoksen rouvan juhlapäivä, kirj. OttoTuomi.

Kuningattaren romaani, kirj. EmilPeschkau.

I.

Anaski.

Kirj. Kauppis-Helkki.

Anaskin elinkeinot.

Hänen varsinaiset elinkeinonsa ovat kortista ennustaminen, onkiminen kesällä ja viulun soittaminen. Tämä viimeksi mainittu ehkä enemmän huvin kuin hyödyn vuoksi. Omissa puheissaan kertoo hän edullisimmaksi elinkeinokseen huolettomain tavaran tallentamisen ja joskus ovat muutkin tulleet havaitsemaan olevan

siinä puheessa perää, vaikka ei niin suuressa määrässä Kuin hän itse uskottelee. Ijältään on Anaski jo vanha, ulkonäöltään jylseäkasvoinen, pienet silmät syvällä kulmien varjossa. Sitä ei tapahdu koskaan, ettei hän jaksaisi hillitä itseänsä. Jos hänen kertomustensa kuuntelijat nauraisivat katketakseen, istuu Anaski aivan tyynenä, juuri kuin kertoisi kaikkein totisinta asiata maailmassa. Ja että hänen elämästään ja varsinkin kertomuksistaan löytyi joitain naurettavia paikkoja, panen tähän näytteeksi muutamia otteita. II.

Anaski mökkiläisenä ja herrain ruokkijana.

Oli juuri jänisten ammuntalupa tullut. Herroja kulki pyssyin ja koirain kanssa veneellinen saaresta saareen, joissa aina syntyi tillimäinen möyhäkkä, kun koirat haukkuivat ja jahtitorvet toitottelivat. Anaski oli aamupäivän onkinut muutaman salmen suulla ja meni puolen päivän tienoissa lähi mökkiin, jossa paisteli ahvenensa, söi niistä osan ja rupesi sitten ruokalevolle. Mökin joukot olivat ruishalmettaan leikkaamassa, Anaski sai siinä yksinään köllehtiä. Viimein tuli herroillekin nälkä ja he laskivat veneensä mökin rantaan ja joku tuli kyselemään ruokaa. Hän ajoi Anaskin ylös ja kysyi oliko hän talon miehiä.

— No, ei tässä ole muitakaan näkynyt, vastasi Anaski kuonistellen itseänsä pöydän päässä.

— Saisikohan tässä rahalla ruokaa? kysyi herra.

— Saanee tuota toki näin kesällä ruokaa.

Anaski meni enempää puhumatta ulos ja toi tuohisen, jossa oli leipäkannikka ja pari paistettua ahventa.

— Mistä kaukaa herrat ovat? kysyi hän takaisin tultuaan.

Vieras katseli jo vähän epäillen tätä ruuan laittajata ja vastasi:

— Tuolta ollaan Helsingistä.

— Vai niin kaukaa. — No, siinä sitä olisi aluksi ruokaa.

Hän laski tuohisen pöydälle.

Myhähdellen lähestyi vieras herra tätä aimo ateriata ja tehtyään ensin pienen tarkastuksen ruokalajien puhtaudesta, näpisti viimein murun ahvenen selkää, jonka pisti suuhunsa. Hän ei ollut varmaan erittäin syömärin sukua, koska herkesi tämän yhden suupalan perästä pois ja kysyi että mitä se ruoka maksaa.

— Jo tuon lienette päässyt tietämään mitä se ruoka-ateria tavallisesti maksaa, kun olette Helsingistä asti tänne tullut, sanoi Anaski vakavasti.

Herra otti kukkarostaan 25 penniä ja kysyi riittääkö se.

— Jopa hyvinkin, sanoi Anaski. Ja kun te näin runsaasti maksatte, niin minä tuon vielä viime palaksi voitakin.

Kuultuaan näin herkulliset jälkiruuat saavansa, pääsi herralta röhänauru ja hän kiirehti tovereilleen kertomaan, että täältä löytyi kumma ukko. Nyt he tulivat miehissä tupaan, ei ruokaa tahtomaan, vaan puhuttelemaan tätä omituista vieraan ruokkijata.

— Missä tässä ovat muut joukot? kysyi äskeinen herra.

— Tuonne laitoin ruishalmeelle leikkaamaan ja jäin itse tähän kotimieheksi, kertoi Anaski.

— Hyvästikkö tässä mökissä elää? Riittääkö leipä ostamatta?

— Omilla tässä on näinä viime vuosina mentynä uutiseen, kun on sen isäntätalon isännän silmät olleet kipeänä, vaan tässä jälkivuosina, kun se oli tervesilmäisenä, niin silloinpa täytyi uutisen rinnassa hankkia.

— Sepä omituista, kummastelivat vieraat. Millä tavalla sen isäntänne kipeät silmät ovat olleet teille leivän jatkoksi.

— Se asia on sillä lailla, selitti Anaski vakavasti. Mökkiläisen kun on maksettava isännälleen kolmas osa eloista, niin silloin jälkivuosina täytyi nostaa kappa kuin kappa. Vaan nyt kun on jaettuna riihisäkeistä isännälle ja meille, niin minä nostan sen kolmannen kapan kohdalla aina pohjapuolella ja siitä kaataa kumautan aina sen säkkiin ja sanon että isännälle pitää antaa kukkura kappa. Mitä se vähänäköinen siitä ymmärtää, on vaan hyvillään että kun on niin hyvä mökkiläinen, joka kukkura kappoja antaa.

— No onko se niin vähänäköinen, ettei huomaa säkistään, kuinka paljon suurempi teille tuli.

— Miksikä se ei huomaisi, vaan siinäkös minä seisotan säkkiäni sen tarkastettavana. Poika vaihtaa säkkiä joka toisen kapan perästä ja kantaa jälestä aittaan.

— Hyvä on poikakin vaarilla.

— Pitää sen toki suuhunsa päin katsoa pienuudesta pitäin.

— Vaan eikö se isäntänne pääse tietämään sitä keinoa, kun kerrotte näin muille?

— No niitäpähän se osannee tulla Helsingistä asti kyselemään, enkä minä muille kerrokaan.

— Se tuo mahtaa olla. Mitenkäs paljon tässä lehmiä elätetään?

— Ei tässä omilla heinillä elätä, kuin kaksi sarvikasta, vaan kun on heinäntekoaikana yöllä liikkeessä, niin sillä lailla viepi kolmetkin.

— Miksikä yöllä?

— No hitto. Hyväpä se lienee toisen niitylle päivällä mennä, vaan kun yöllä soutaa veneineen isäntätalon niityn rantaan ja nostelee rukosen sieltä, toisen täältä veneeseensä, niin siitä ei tiedä mitään, eikä se suureen kokoon tee suurta lovea.

— Onpa mainio mökkiläinen isännällä, kiittelivät vieraat naurahdellen.

— Läheinen tässä olen itseäni kehumaan, vaan sen sanon, että jos muutkin mökkiläiset olisivat vähän virkeämpiä hämärän aikoina, niin eivät tarvitsisi talvikausia könytä pussin ja kelkan kanssa milloin jyviä, milloin heiniä rukoilemassa.

— Niitä pitäisi neuvoa.

— Ei niistä tuhmista tule sen viisaampia neuvomallakaan.

Muutamat metsästäjät alkoivat jo kiirehtiä toi sen ruokapaikan etsintään, taikka jatkamaan jahtia.

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