Rodrigo Martel Orihuela - Selected Works 2016 - 2023

URBAN DESIGN PORTFOLIO

Rodrigo Martel Orihuela SELECTED WORKS | 2016 - 2023

Contents URBAN DESIGN OPTION STUDIO | SHUSHUFINDI, SPRING 2023

FRUITY CITY

1

A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO URBAN COMMUNAL LIVING HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN

URBAN DESIGN OPTION STUDIO | COX’S BAZAR, FALL 2023

2

R O H I N G YA R I D E PROVIDING GENDERED ACCESS TRHOUGH A TRANSITORY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN

URBAN DESIGN CORE STUDIO | BOSTON, FALL 2022

3

PAT C H Y C I T Y INTEGRATING BOSTON’S UNIQUE COMPOSITION OF LAND, PEOPLE, AND OPPORTUNITIES HARVARD UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN

B.ARCH THESIS | AREQUIPA 2020

4

U R B A N R E N E WA L I N T H E H I S T O R I C C E N T E R O F A R E Q U I P A THE QUINTA SALAS CASE UNIVERSIDAD RICARDO PALMA

PROFESSIONAL WORK | LIMA 2020 - 2021

5

HOUSING RECOVERY PROGRAM IN THEHISTORIC CENTER OF LIMA PROMOTION OF INVESTMENT IN HOUSING PROLIMA

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP | CUSCO 2019

6

K A C L L A R A C AY O P E N P A T I O S AN INVITATION TO CELEBRATE DAILY LIFE ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION VISITING SCHOOL - NANOTOURISM

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP | CUSCO 2019

7

K A C L L A R A C AY O P E N P A T I O S AN INVITATION TO CELEBRATE DAILY LIFE ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION VISITING SCHOOL - NANOTOURISM

S H U S H U F I N D I , E C U A D O R | SPRING 2023

FRUITY CITY A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO URBAN COMMUNAL LIVING THROUGH LAND RECLAMMATION | HARVARD GSD | OPTION STUDIO THE FUTURE OF OIL BOOM TOWNS IN ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA TEAM: RODRIGO MARTEL, RACHAYA WATTANASIRICHAIGOON

The proposal puts forth a vision for strengthening indigenous political recognition through re-imagining a fruitful and resilient new urban Siekopai Community in the Oil Boom Town of Shushufindi. At the heart of the proposal lies the idea of domestic-communal living based on the typological and social configurations of the Siekopai. The intervention scales up by introducing a system of productive urban chakras framed in a collective land ownership policy. The project explores the possibilities of design directions and a co-creation method that aims to include an inclusive perspective in urban planning.

Shushufindi was founded on November 22, 1979, due to the discovery of oil in the region. Before, the area was inhabited by the Secoya indigenous nationality, who were gradually displaced.

The extractivist-led migration and consequent urban growth resulted from installing a colonizing and penetrative infrastructure where the city/refinery constitutes the center of a complex oil network. This highly articulated urban network has the potential to be re-imagined as a new resilient landscape once this massive geopolitical extractive force seizes to exist in Shushufindi.

AN OIL BORN CITY

SHUSHUFINDI ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK OF AN AEXTRACTIVE ECONOMY

Segregated peripherical lots proposed for intervention by the Shushufindi Municipality

Oil Reserves, Platforms, and spills in Shushufindi County

Indentified Lands for Biorremediation and Risk Mitigation

Ecuador heavily relies on the petroleum industry, developed since the 1960s, driving rapid economic growth. It contributes 1/3 of public-sector revenue and 40% of exports. Panama and the USA are major importers. As South America’s 3rd largest oil producer, after Venezuela and Brazil, Ecuador rents oil blocks across regions like the coast and the Amazon. Exploitation, particularly in rainforests, involves extracting and transferring oil through pipes over the Andes for export. The state-owned Petroecuador dominates production, but the government aims to attract foreign investment, signing agreements with international oil companies for exploring and developing new fields

Urban Growth and Vulnerability

West Coast and in the U.S. Gulf Coast

46%

Exported to the U.S.

COLOMBIA

ESMERALDAS 80% of 110,000 BBL/D > 100% OCP Maritime Terminal Balao Crude Oil AExport Port

Oil Block Operators The Trans-Ecuadorian Oil Pipeline (SOTE) Transports 70% of crude oil

49

50

11

52

56

48

47

Stakeholders The Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline (OCP) Transports 30% of crude oil

Venezuela

20

15

SHUSHUFINDI Amazonas Shushufindi 20,000 BBL/D > 40,000 BBL/D

12 67

45

16 31

55

21 17

22

59

62

60 46 61 64 63 14

7

29

MANTA Pacific Refinery 3000,000 BBL/D (Once Completed)

58

57

54 18

43

66

China

28

1

72 4

84

87 86

81

76

5

39

83 80

75 71

2

79

74

70

ECUADOR

LA LIBERTAD La Libertad Refinery 45,000 BBL/D

10

85 82

77

78

73 40

Refineries

6

3

PERU

In Excration

Oil Blocks in Ecuador Management and Stakeholders

In Exploration In Solicitation to be Explored

Refineries in Peru and Chile

Ecuador’s global petroleum exports

Oil Blocks in Ecuador

Oil Blocks in South America

Proposed Urban Acupunture and Ecological Productive Corridors

MULTISCALAR COMMON GROUND TRANSITION

T H E S I E K O PA I - A F R U I T F U L C O M M U N I T Y

Status Quo

TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN STRATEGIES

Land Reclaim

Oil Sprawl City as the center of Extraction

Grid Colonial tool for control

Land Reclammation City as the center of all communities

Grid-softening A Communal living within the urban context

Pol it

ica

l

Community Land Trust

Le

ga

l

Siekopai Nationality

Chakra System ‘Fruity City’ Urban Commune Housing Unit

al

Vision

ltur

oCu

i Soc

Ecological

Cosmology as Planning

Morphological

Biorremediation Ec

on

om

ica

l

Communal Capitalism Constellation Urban System

“The Constitution recognizes to indigenous communes, communities, peoples and nationalities the collective rights of retaining the imprescriptible ownership of their community lands, which shall be inalienable, unseizable and indivisible; maintaining possession of their ancestral lands and territories and obtaining their free allocation; and participating in the use, usufruct, administration and conservation of the renewable natural resources found on their lands (Art. 57)” 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution

Soccer Field

Communal House

School Pier Football Field

Learning Center

Kitchen and Dining

Ceramics Workshop

Ceramic Workshop

Kitchen and dining School

Stream

Tea Ceremony Space

Guest House

Chakra Nursery

Schematic Grid Imposition in the Siekopai Community for its posterior deforming

COMMUNAL VS. PRIVATE LIVING

URBAN PROPOSAL

SIEKOPAI URBAN CHAKRA CORRIDORS

3. Adjacency to the Oil Refinery

4. Adjacency to the Oil Refinery

De-morphed selected block

B

Communal Property

a. Linear Chakra - Chakra Plantation

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5

Communal Property

2. Morphologically Complex Fabric

6

Communal Property

A

1. Proximity to Rainforest

Private Property

C

1 4

2

3 GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 222.90.94.36

We propose a multiscalar Productive ecological Linear corridor based on the chakra system to articulate six selected sites. They will become urban communally owned spaces for 5 different indigenous nationalities in a permanent reoccupation of bio-remediated sites.

These will include mixed intense urban uses and more democratic and productive public spaces for eating and collecting fruit, covered with a heavy canopy to mitigate the impact of the heat that characterizes the area but has been intensified by the oil industry.

B. Secondary Avenue

C. Domestic Street

d. Double Linear Chakra

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Communal Property

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 222.90.94.36

Communal Property

Private Property

Private Property

Private Property

Private Property

A. Principal Avenue

c. Chakra Plantation - Linear Chakra

Private Property

Productive Ecological Linear Corridors

Bio-remediated Reclaimed Indigenous Lands articulated by renewed infrastructure

Communal Property

b. Double Chakra Plantation

6. Proximity to Rainforest, Water Bodies, and City Core

Communal Property

5. Adjacency to Principal Avenue

GSEducationalVersion GSPublisherVersion 222.90.94.36

CHAKRA PLCHAKRA PLANTATION SYSTEM

N E W S I E K O PA I U R B A N C O M M U N I T Y

Yuca Manihot esculenta Woody shrub, Spurge (10-30 cm)

MORPHOLOGICAL AND SPATIAL LAYOUTT

The land reclamation aims to fortify the existing communal ownership system and codify the spatial qualities of the New Siekopai Urban community within a unique legal framework, enhancing its political acknowledgment.

This new urban design promises public advantages, including open green spaces for productivity and recreation, fostering food security through a fence-like structure that will delineate the inner communal area of the demorphed block.

Architectural functions within the commune are inherently categorized by use.

The proposed design will maintain this spatial logic, including a school, workshops, and commercial spaces, fostering intergenerational interaction and knowledge exchange.

Camu-camu Myrciaria dubia Bushy riverside (3-5 m)

Productive Calendar - “Guides and practices of ancestral cultural knowledge of the siekopai Nationality” - RAI’Z

Plantain Musa × paradisiaca Triploid cultivars (3-10 m)

Open Space Lawn

Communal Chakra

Climbing Trellis

Pedestrian Streets Between Communal Blocks

Public Chakra

Cupuaçu Theobroma grandiflorum Tropical rainforest tree (5-15 m) Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum Evergreen (15-24 m) Pacay Inga feuilleei Legume (18 m) Chontaduro Bactris gasipaes Palm, Canopy (15-20 m) Mamey sapote Pouteria sapota Ornamental evergreen (15-45 m) Moriche palm fruit “Morete” Mauritia flexuosa Palm (35 m)

Palms

Residential Units

Vines

Maize Zea mays L. Cereal grain (2-3 m)

Cacao Theobroma cacao Evergreen tree (6-12 m) Plant Nursery

Grains & Nuts

Sacha Inchi Plukenetia volubilis Nuts, Perennial (2 m)

Plant heights Evergreen Trees

Site Plan - New Siekopai Urban Community

Tuber crops

Granadilla Passiflora ligularis Climbing vine

URBAN COMMUNAL LIVING

N E W S I E K O PA I U R B A N C O M M U N I T Y THE FUTURE OF OIL BOOM TOWNS IN ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA

Edible Streetscapes

Pedestrian Boulevard with surrounding communal Chakra plantations - Fuit, medicinal, and shade species

1:500 Urban Scale Model

New Siekopai Urban Community - Wood and cardboard

Let’s re-imagine a new Shushufindi together!

Envisioned New Siekopai Urban Community

Areial View of the regeneration of 5 reclaimed blocks in Shushufindi

1:500 Urban Scale Model

Sie plan view of the New Siekopai Urban Community - Wood and cardboard

C O X ’ S B A Z A R , B A N G L A D E S H | FALL 2023

rohingyaR I D E PROVIDING ACCESS THROUGH A TRANSITORY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM | HARVARD GSD | OPTION STUDIO - PERMANENCE IN TRANSITION: THE ROHINGYA CAMPS INSTRUCTOR: FUAD MALLICK

The exponential growth of Rohingya camps has given rise to a “transitory urbanity,” forcing us to tackle the challenges of these refugee camps through the lens of a complex urban context. RohingyaRide proposes implementing a multimodal, multiscalar, and potentially incremental transportation system to foster a more livable urban environment for both women and men.

It seeks to transform and broaden the existing Referral Hubs into a gender-accessible health service delivery system. Also, it introduces a transformable rickshaw van system to streamline the transportation of essential goods. Finally, an integrated biking network to enhance mobility and improve access to employment and recreational opportunities.

TRANSITORY URBANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF A MIGRATION CRISIS

Population

ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK

T H E R O H I N G YA C A M P S

Date

Arrival trend of Rohingya refugees to Bangladesh Built up area

The physical transformation in this Bangladeshi territory is a response to a broader socio-cultural crisis faced by the Rohingya globally, compelling their migration to the Cox’s Bazar Region, now hosting one of the largest refugee camps worldwide.

Since August 2017, over 742,000 refugees arrived, with 75% migrating in September of the same year.

In addressing this, governments and NGOs have undertaken substantial efforts to meet basic needs, relying on health, education, and sanitation infrastructure. However, a critical unaddressed aspect in any urban environment of this scale is mobility, contributing to significant gender gaps in sexual reproductive health, potentially leading to fatalities due to socio-cultural conditions in the camps.

Multiplicity of Urban Forms

Typological and Ecological configurations

Population

Built up area in relation to demographic increase

Motorbikes/Cars

Demographic distribution and urbanization expansion along multimodal transportation systems

HENRI LEFEBVRE

Volunteers and foreigners

53%

HABITAT - THE URBAN - THE LIVED EXPERIENCE

THE URBAN REVOLUTION

consider women should not be allowed to leave domestic spaces

scale

Congestion Management

demography

Resource Efficiency

politics legality significance

Macro Economic Benefits

infrastructure

Cost Savings for Individuals

mobility

Accessibility and Inclusivity

TEMPORALITY

emotions PHYSICALITY

social relations of production and exchange - market

CONCEPTUALIZATION

density / morphology

theory of complexification

Rickshaw Vans Essential goods

Pregnancy related Deaths obstructed labor, hemorrhage, sepsis

temporal

territoriality / ecology

philosophical understanding of the “urban”

Pedestrian Commutes

Volunteers and Refugees. Mostly male

SCALE

MOBILITY MORE HABITABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

HOW C A N A D R ES S I N G TR A N S PORTATI ON permanent

C R EATE A MOR E LI VA BLE U R BA N EN V I R ON MEN T?

GENDERED MOBILITY AND ACESS Delay in deciding to seek care, to reach health facilities, and receiving quality care

42%

surveyed women spent 21 to 24 hours inside their houses

SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH sociocultural limitations to access health services

53%

Rate of home base baby delivery

17%

of 200 health facilities have 24/7 access

To create a gender-inclusive urban environment rohingyaRIDE proposes a transit initiative using local resources, knowledge, and communal labor to establish a multimodal Transportation System. The plan includes transforming Referral Hubs into gender-accessible health service centers, implementing a rickshaw van system for goods, and a biking network for work and recreation.

This initiative also aims to build a permanent supply chain, establish an innovation center, and collaborate with institutions like BRAC to develop artisan skills, utilizing bamboo to contribute to the Bangladeshi economy.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PROPOSAL

rohingyaR I D E

THE RICKSHAW VAN AS A FLEXIBLE SERVICE PROVIDER

Supply Chain system

innovation center testing ground knowledge sharing facilities landscape intervention

Biking system

bike stations commercial and control stands shading system

Rickshaw Van system

flexible and transformable device design storage facilities LPG distribution stands

Referral Hub system

UN referral hub

Rickshaw van existing flexibility

socio-demographic profiles

transport system majhis

physical distress

delivery status

shortage of ambulances

access to homes

knowledge of RH transport

poor road conditions

camp insecurity

frequency of use

The UN Population Fund, designed a referral hub system to refer to routine and emergency sexual and reproductive health, and offer free transportation services to women. The system relies on a fidelization work that would bridge the gap between doctors and female patients.

Even though the overall system increased women’s emergency reproductive health access, most of the patients stated that it was a traumatic process because of the physical pain of birth labor, the difficult accessibility to their homes, and the distress of being in contact with the other gender.

attached biking system design

transitionary

Multiscalar approach to the new transportation system

RH

pregnant women

cultural barriers

RH design and network improvement

permanent

Spatial analysis of the distribution of existing referral hubs in relation to other education and health facilities

population fund

multimodal rickshaw system

innovation productive center

neighborhood scale

transitory urban scale

primary care facility transportation hub storage facility

H O ME D E L IV E RY O F S EX U A L R EPR OD U C TI V E H E A LT H S ERV I C ES Built density analysis device

RH new space

facility MILD

SEVERE

Reframed Referral Hub system for home delivery services

Infrastructure density analysis

Definition of transportation routes based on density, infrastructure, and phisical condition analysis

ARCHITECTURAL LOGIC

ARCHITECTURAL LOGIC

REFERRAL HUB SYSTEM

R I C K S H AW VA N S T A T I O N S Y S T E M

PROVIDING GENDERED ACCESS TO SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

IMPROVING MOBILITY AND HABITABILITY CONDITIONS THROUGH THE RICKSHAW VAN

Modular double layer roof

Bamboo supporting structure

Modular double layer roof

Urban ensemble - RH placed in a typical context Interval of +/- 400m

Urban ensemble - Rickshaw van station placed in a typical context. Interval of +/- 400m Bamboo supporting structure

Bamboo dropwall

Bamboo columns and lattice Module 1 - Primary care

Floorplan

Store

Module 2 - Latrines, sink, store, storage

Floorplan LPG cylinders and rickshaw van storage

Covered bike station

Referral Hub exploded axonometric

Covered bike station

Sections

Referral Hub System

Reframed health and transportation infrastructure for home health service delivery

Rickshaw van station exploded axonometric

Sections

Rickshaw Van Station System

New infrastructure for the improvement of mobility and habitability conditions

ARCHITECTURAL LOGIC

I N N O VA T I O N C E N T E R

Axonometric

SUPPLY CHAIN AND PROTOTYPING CENTER - FOSTERING CREATIVE TALENT

Location

Site plan of the innovation center

Urban ensemble

Innovation center placed in new productive industrial area

Kitchen and dining

Modular emplacement logic

Incremental nature that envisions the expansion of the system

Floorplan

Section

Basic Module Device Production

Typological configuration - Courtyard

The modularity of the proposal allows flexibility in the layout and good adaptation to the terrain

Innovation center

Inner courtyard and landscape intervention

Latrine

S O U T H B O S T O N , U N I T E D S T A T E S | FALL 2022

PAT C H Y C I T Y

The historical tapestry of Boston’s development reveals a city shaped by continuous transformation and repurposing of its urban landscape. The city’s evolution is marked by inventive land patching and re-utilization of diverse materials.

Within the heart of Boston lies an entirely constructed site ripe for landscape modification and innovative development. The urban de-

INTEGRATING BOSTON’S UNIQUE COMPOSITION OF LAND, PEOPLE, AND OPPORTUNITIES

sign proposal envisions an experimental expansion of the South Boston Innovation Campus to address local institutions’ land shortage,

| HARVARD GSD | CORE STUDIO - ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

aims to foster a diverse and dynamic community of old and new residents through a transport oriented development that adds a direct

TEAM: RODRIGO MARTEL, RACHAYA WATTANASIRICHAIGOON INSTRUCTORS: PETER ROWE, RAHUL MEHROTRA, MICHAEL MANFRED IALEX YUEN, DANA MCKINNEY WHITE, YUN FU

site into a hyperdiverse patchwork, adaptable for future expansion, transforming South Boston into a dynamic, productive, ever-chang-

combined with a large-scale affordable collective housing proposal for the South Boston campus and the new Integration Hub, which Red Line connection to physically articulate the site to the transit network. This envisioned cityscape aims to evolve this post-industrial ing, and innovative urban environment.

SOUTH BOSTON

TRANSPORTATION PLAN

PAT C H W O R K O F L A N D S C A P E O P E R AT I O N S

B O S T O N I N T E G R AT I O N L A B

A CONSTANT PRODUCTIVE, SELF-CONSTRUCTING WORK IN PROGRESS

CONNECTING A POST-INDUSTRIAL SITE TO THE URBAN FABRIC

Patchwork

Transportation Proposal for the Boston Integration Lab

Historical overview of Boston’s urban growth though landfilling operations

Transportation intervention to connect South Boston to the MBTA subway tansit network

Reflecting on Boston’s history,

In the heart of Boston, an entirely constructed site offers immense potential for

the city’s evolution is evident in

landscape modification and innovative development. Our proposal envisions the

its land patching. Initially, the

expansion of the burgeoning South Boston Innovation Campus, addressing the

Shawmut peninsula, inhabited by

shortage of land that challenges local institutions. Phase 1 focuses on housing, ca-

natives and colonized in the 17th

tering to the existing South Boston campus and the new Integration Hub, fostering

century, was transformed into a

a dynamic community with diverse residents. Phase 2 extends development, utiliz-

town with infrastructure by the

ing the shrinking port and proposing a direct Red Line connection to institutions

18th century. Intensive patchwork

like Harvard, MIT, BU, and Northeastern University, supporting collaborative in-

flattened nearby hills in the first

dustry growth.

half of the 19th century. Even remnants from a great fire and materials from as far as Needham contributed to filling what is now Back Bay, illustrating a fascinating history of continuous transformation and repurposing of the urban

1:500 Model in Acrilic

landscape.

Collage. Abstract representation of Boston’s urban growth

Collage. Abstract representation of South Boston

South Boston as a canvas for experimental urban forms through patching landscape operations

URBAN DESIGN LOGIC

PAT C H Y C I T Y

MODELING AND PATCHING SOUTH BOSTON THROUGH DENSITY AND FORMAL STUDIES

Site Morphology

Copenhagen Eight House

Seoul

London

Gangnam A5

Barbican Estate

Circulation

Site Drainage

Urban Design Proposal A patchwork of different morphologies

Density Studies. 1:500 model 3D

Using the build density of three different case studies around the globe to test the potential and capacity of the site

Landscape

Site Contours

Residential Area

Site Operations

Catalogue of typologies of landscape patchwork intervention in South Boston

New Public Bay

Educational and Commercial

Site Plan. 1:500 Model in Acrilic and 3D Printing

Innovation Lab. Housing Typologies and Educational and commercial facilities

ARCHITECTURAL LOGIC

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES A PATCHWORK OF MULTIPLE MORPHOLOGIES

Proposing an innovative urban development in Boston, we respond to the hyper-diverse Type

conditions of the site by addressing the immediate need for diverse housing units. InTower

Low Rise

Bar

Courtyard

spired by case studies in Copenhagen, Seoul, and London, we conducted clustering studies

1 Bed

focusing on morphed courtyards as potential

Housing Units

2 Bed 3 Bed

hosts for various building types. The phased proposal emphasizes feasibility, beginning

Boston Integration Lab

Interior of the adaptative reuse of the existing factory

with the renewal of an old factory as an integration lab, connecting to the rest of Bos-

Aggrupation

ton through the new stations of the MBTA subway. Subsequent phases introduce lowrise buildings, morphed courtyard housing, Row

Double loaded

Single loaded

and a central bay and beach. The proposed city evolves into a hyperdiverse patchwork, adaptable for future expansion. Ordered by a central bay, the urban canvas includes commercial, recreational, and cultural spaces, creating a dynamic and ever-changing South Boston, consolidating it as a productive, work-in-progress, and patchy city. The

Housing Typologies

Multiplicity of Formal Layouts and Typologies

integration park would become a global hub for designers, fostering art, innovation, and diverse urban experiences.

Longitudinal Section

View of the Mixed use development of the site

Residential Area

Pedestrian View of the Commercial socle and housing typologies

The integration bay

New landscape formation after a patchwork operation

URBAN RENEWAL IN THE HISTORIC CENTER OF AREQUIPA RETHINKING HOUSING THOUGH FORM, TYPE AND COLLECTIVITY

The historic centre of Arequipa is one of the three urban settlements in Peru declared as World Heritage by UNESCO. However, its urban tissues suffered grave deterioration due to the accelerated urbanization processes and lack of urban planning in the second half of the 20th century in response to the industrialization of the city.

Urban renewal interventions have been made in the historic collective housing structures called “tambos” but Quinta Salas, the biggest slum in the city, was never intervened. In that sense, this thesis covers an investigation of the first working-class neighbourhood in Arequipa emphasizing in the study of Quinta Salas’s historic morphology development and its social context, to consequently propose an urban renewal project that drastically intervenes the adjacent public space with the introduction of a riverside boulevard and new collective housing in Quinta Salas that uses the archetypical formal diagrams identified in the investigation to use the typology as a concept, so that the urban essence of Arequipa is perpetuated and manifested in its form and emplacement.

PRESENTACIÓN DE PROYECTO + DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO

This project was an opportunity to rethink the traditional approach to housing and to use architecture and design to try to break classism, racism and gender roles related to the house through collective spaces that can become a source of empowerment and support in times of crises, especially in the Peruvian context in which these social problems are exacerbated. The thesis most important input is to contribute to the renovation and preservation of the Historic Center of Arequipa through its knowledge.

SOLAROBRERO - BARRIO OBRERO - QUINTA SALAS BARRIO ELBARRIO SOLAR -EL BARRIO - QUINTA SALAS RESEARCH - AREQUIPA’S HISTORIC COLLECTIVE HOUSING SECTOR RESEARCH - AREQUIPA’S HISTORIC COLLECTIVE HOUSING SECTOR During the second half of the 20th century, because of the process of industrialization, the historic collective During the second half of the 20th century, of got the damaged process ofand industrialization, historichousing collective housing buildings known because as Tambos originated new the precarious structures to cope with housing buildings known as Tambos got damaged and originated new precarious housing structures to cope with the demand of workforce. the demand of workforce.

The interventions in the Tambos skipped the urban scale and acted in isolation.

The interventions in How the Tambos skipped theinurban and building acted in becomes isolation.a part of the city and could we project a wayscale that the How could we project in a way that the building becomes a part of the city and perpetuates its urban essence? perpetuates its urban essence?

One of these new informal housing buildings grew exponentially over the years and became the biggest slum in One of these new informal buildings grewknown exponentially over the years and became the biggest slumhad in a close relationship the city.housing It is now commonly as ”Quinta Salas”.

The whole neighborhood always the city. It is now commonly as ”Quinta The whole neighborhood always had a close relationship with the known Chili river because Salas”. of its proximity. with the Chili river because of its proximity.

The answer can be found in the city;. The historical process in architecture can The answer can be found in the city;.and The historical in process in architecture can this elemental gebe synthesized manifested the form itself. By finding be synthesized and manifested in thecontextual form itself.

By finding elemental geometry a really design can be this achieved. ometry a really contextual design can be achieved.

During the last century it suffered damages in its public space because of the construction of La Marina Avenue During the last century suffered damages in its public space of Laproduce Marina tragic Avenuenatural catastrophes. thatitamong other vial structures reduced thebecause channelofofthe theconstruction river and helped that among other vialAs structures the channel of the and helped produce tragic natural catastrophes. part of anreduced urban renewal project, theriver Tambos structures got restored but “Quinta Salas” was never intervened.

As part of an urban renewal project, the Tambos structuresitgot restored butconditions “Quinta Salas” was More than 300 people have inhabited in unsanitary for over 70never years.intervened.

More than 300 people have inhabited it in unsanitary conditions for over 70 years.

Taking the concepts developed by Aldo Rossi in “Architettura della città” and Taking the concepts extrapolating developed by them Aldo in Rossi “Architettura città”weand the in urban tissues of della Arequipa found three basic diaextrapolating them ingrams the urban tissues the of Arequipa we found three basic diathat defined working class neighborhood in different scales. grams that defined the working class neighborhood in different scales.

M O R P H O L O G I C A L A N D T Y P O L O G I C A L A N A LY S I S M O R P H O L O G I C A L A N D T Y P O L O G I C A L A N A LY S I S

Blocks Tambos

Tambos

Blocks

FORM AS A HISTORICAL PERMANENCE MANIFESTO FORM AS A HISTORICAL PERMANENCE MANIFESTO

51 different types of housing units were identified and demonstrated a real appropriation. More than 80% of the 51 different types ofhousing housingunits unitshad were identified and demonstrated a real of the shared spaces. externalized the services (kitchen andappropriation. bathroom) andMore used than them80% as common housing units had externalized the services (kitchen and bathroom) and used them as common shared spaces.

The phyical contitions of the building has produced bad misrepresentations of its inhabitants and a progressive The phyical contitions of thebut building produced bad misrepresentations of its inhabitants and collective a progressive exodus, due to has a strong collective identity and memory performed in their spaces extreme poverty exodus, but due to a has strong identity and memory performed in daily their incomes. collective spaces extreme poverty beencollective erradicated, still people live with very low has been erradicated, still people live with very low daily incomes.

The generalized externalization of services in Quinta Salas, merged with the idea of ”comedores populares” (a The generalized externalization of across services Quinta can Salas, merged with thetool ideatoofrethink ”comedores (a itself and encourage reality spread theincountry) be used a potential the act populares” of inhabiting reality spread across social the country) can be used a potential tool to rethink the act of inhabiting itself and encourage cohesion at a neighborhood scale making this a support for vulnerable population in times of crisis. social cohesion at a neighborhood scale making this a support for vulnerable population in times of crisis.

Elemental Diagrams

Gallery

Architectural Analysis

Quinta Salas is characterized by the multiplicity and mixture in the usage of space, making it an independent and Quinta Salas is characterized by the neighborhood multiplicity and mixture in the usage of space, making it an independent and interconnected inside the city. interconnected neighborhood inside the city.

Architectural Analysis

Elemental Diagrams

Tambo de Bronce

Tambo de Bronce

Gallery

Multiple purpose room Bedroom Kitchen Workshop / commerce Bathroom Living and dining room Deposit

Use of Spaces

Tambo El Matadero

Use of Spaces

Tambo El Matadero

Centralized Patio

Centralized Patio

Tambo La Cabezona

Vault

Tambo La Cabezona

Vault

Multiple purpose room Bedroom Kitchen Workshop / commerce Bathroom Living and dining room

H.U. with no services H.U. with kitchens H.U. with services External shared kitchens

H.U. with no services H.U. with kitchens H.U. with services External shared kitchens

External shared bathrooms External shared bathrooms

Deposit

Housing Units

Housing Units

M A L E C Ó NMLAALM EC AÓ RN I NLAA M A R I N A

URBAN RENEWAL URBAN RENEWAL

RIVERSIDE BO R IUVLEERVSAI D RD E B SO EC U TL O EV RA I ZRADT ISOENC T O R I Z A T I O N

PROJECT - MASTER PROJECT PLAN - MASTER - LINES PLAN OF ACTION - LINES OF ACTION By applying variables By applying of urban variables study by of subsystems, urban study the by subsystems, problems and thepotentialities problems and emerged. potentialities emerged.

The most criticalThe tissues mostcorresponded critical tissuestocorresponded Quinta Salas.to ItsQuinta vulnerability Salas. Its is extremely vulnerability high is because extremely of high its proximity because of its proximity to the river and to thethe structural river andand thesanitary structural conditions and sanitary of theconditions building. of the building.

The generalizedThe deterioration generalized of deterioration the buildings of that thesurround buildingsthe that slum surround give the thepossibility slum givetothe take possibility advantage to of take theadvantage of the density alloweddensity in the zone allowed to consolidate in the zoneatonew consolidate urban profile a newthat urban works profile as a that socleworks for the as historical a socle forcenter the historical and center and can give a morecan human givescale a more to the human highly scale damaged to the highly and polluted damaged public and polluted space. public space.

1

2

Q U I N TA S A QLUAI N S TA BLO SA CLKAFA S BCLAODCEKS FA C A D E S

1

2

CURRENT STA C TUER ROEFN C T OSNT SAETREV O A FT I C OO NN S E R V A T I O N 3

Ugarte Street

3

Ugarte Street

R E N O VAT ER E - NCO OVAT N N EEC -T C- OCNONNESCOTL I- DCAT O NES O L I D AT E

La Marina Avenue La Marina Avenue

1

Villalba Street Villalba Street

1

2

2

3

Moral Street

Moral Street

3

New Quinta Salas New Quinta Salas Other projects (Quinta OtherSalas projects park;(Quinta housing) Salas park; housing) Intervened mixed use Intervened streets mixed use streets

Taking into consideration Taking intothe consideration research, thethe intervention research, the in “Barrio intervention el Solar in “Barrio - BarrioelObrero” Solar - Barrio is summarized Obrero” is summarized in three lines of in action: three Renovate, lines of action: connect Renovate, and consolidate; connect and mending consolidate; the relationship mending the of the relationship sector with of Chili the sector river.with Chili river.

Pedestrian streets Pedestrian streets Existing mixed use Existing streets mixed use streets

The severe public Thespace severe condition public space will be condition tackled by willdisplacing be tackledthe bymassive displacing transport the massive in La Marina transport Ave. in La Between Marina Ave. Between Bolognesi and Grau Bolognesi bridges and to Grau an underground bridges to an expressway underground (vialexpressway master plan (vial for master Arequipa) planinfor order Arequipa) to propose in order a to propose a riverside boulevard riverside that physically boulevard articulates that physically the public articulates spaces theofpublic the historical spaces ofcenter the historical and the neighboring center and the dis-neighboring districts. tricts.

The critical conditions The critical in Quinta conditions Salas in will Quinta be tackled Salas by willeradicating be tackled the by slum eradicating and proposing the slum collective and proposing housing collective housing for the old and new for the residents. old and new residents.

A new sustainable A new formal sustainable mobility formal systemmobility of publicsystem transport of public implementing transporta implementing bus network through a bus network Bolívar through - Sucre Bolívar - Sucre street, prioritizing street, pedestrians prioritizing and pedestrians bicycles andand a peripheral bicycles and parking a peripheral space below parking thespace new Quinta below the Salas. new Quinta Salas.

Consolidation ofConsolidation the existing network of the existing by relocating network thebyinformal relocating merchants the informal currently merchants locatedcurrently in Puente located Grau street in Puente Grau street into commerce modules into commerce in the riverside modules boulevard in the riverside and also boulevard proposing and aalso local proposing commerce a local soclecommerce in all the new soclebuildin all the new buildings. ings.

The new riverside Theboulevard new riverside is conveniently boulevard is sectorized conveniently and defined sectorized by activities. and defined Each by activities. zone is divided Each zone by a plaza is divided by a plaza that hosts a sillar that monolithic hosts a sillar cylinder monolithic that hascylinder a monument that has condition a monument and allows condition the location and allows of the the plazas location at of thethe plazas at the distance which are distance visually which connected are visually to theconnected Santa Catalina to theMonastery Santa Catalina and the Monastery Cathedral andBasilica. the Cathedral They also Basilica. work They also work as monoxide carbon as monoxide extractors carbon for the extractors expressway. for the expressway.

1

1

Commerce

Commerce

2

2

Permanence

Permanence

3 3 Contemplation Contemplation

Conection bridges Conection bridges and plazas and plazas

Monolithic CO2Monolithic exCO2 extractor cilinder tractor cilinder

C O N SCTO RN USCTTR CI U V OC E NT SSITYVRSEU TC EY M T SI V SYSTEM S TE M

DESIGN STRATEGIES DESIGN STRATEGIES DESIGN STRATEGIES LOGIC LOGIC OF EMPLACEMENT OF -EMPLACEMENT THE DIAGRAM AS - THE A CONCEPT DIAGRAM AS A CONCEPT OFLOGIC EMPLACEMENT - THE DIAGRAM AS A CONCEPT The overall The theoverall building image rescues of the several building formal rescues diagrams several formal diagrams The image overallof image of the building rescues several formal diagrams of vernacular architecture of architecture vernacular of the historical architecture center of the ofcenter Arequipa, historical center spe- ofspeArequipa, speof vernacular of the historical of Arequipa, cificallycifically from “Barrio cifically El Solar from - Barrio “Barrio El Solar and - Barrio by doing it andsoby from “Barrio El Solar -Obrero” Barrio Obrero” andObrero” bysodoing it doing so it aims to be part aimsarchitecture be part ofof“the the city” architecture andcity” the of landscape. thethe city” and the landscape. aims to of be“the part ofto“the architecture of the and landscape.

Due to economical Due and to technical economical reasons, andreasons, prefabricated technicalprefabricated reasons, concrete prefabricated Due to economical and technical concrete concrete modularmodular pieces were modular designed to respond weretodesigned to a regular toto respond 7.50mtox7.50m a regular pieces werepieces designed respond a regular x 7.50m x 7.50m grid thatgrid can7.50m be adapted grid to each can formal be adapted layout to each type and formal alsolayout type and also 7.50m that can be that adapted to each formal layout type and also works efficiently for works the parking efficiently spaces for in the the parking basement. spaces in the basement. works efficiently for the parking spaces in the basement.

Sillar has lost has its importance Sillar lost as aits construction importance material as a construction over theover material Sillar lost its has importance as a construction material the over the years because of the years need of need very of thick walls need of when veryit thick has awalls strucit has a strucyears because of because the ofthe very thick walls when it haswhen a structural condition.

By tural usingBy condition. it using as unloaded using modular it asmodular walls unloaded wewalls can modular still walls tural condition. it By as unloaded we can stillwe can still take advantage of its take thermal advantage properties of its and thermal encourage properties the indusand the encourage take advantage of its thermal properties and encourage indus- the industrialization of this unique trialization of this unique material. sub-utilized trialization of this sub-utilized unique sub-utilized material. material.

1.

1.

1.

Implantation of the Implantation mass in massofinthe mass in Implantation of the the topography as athe result topography as a result of the topography as aofresult of the merging of the damaged the of the damaged the merging of merging the damaged lots in the lots in the block lotsblock in the block

M O D U LMAO RD - PURLEAFRM A- B ORDIEU CFLAAATBRER-DIPCRSAETTFREAUDBCRS TI T U CRRAU ATC LE TDSUYSRSTATRLEUM YKE SITNH EGM -I LIRN LEA P SCYT-SUR TREAT MLH -ISNR I NSK GTRH SI N L LKAI N RG S I L L A R

Catalogue of structural Catalogue piecesof pieces structural pieces Catalogue of structural 2.

2.

2.

AdjacentAdjacent street extension Adjacent to streettoextension to street extension define the interior layout define of the interior define the interior layout of layout of the blockthe block the block

3.

3.

3.

New sectorization as New a result sectorization New sectorization as a result as a result of the new layout. of the new layout. Definition of the new Definition layout.

Definition of accesses and levels of accesses of accesses and levels and levels Sillar Sillar Sillar VolcanicVolcanic Stone Stone Volcanic Stone 4.

4.

4.

InsertionInsertion of the modular of the modular ofInsertion the modular structural grid in each structural sector in each sector structural grid in eachgrid sector

5.

5.

5.

Definition of the mass Definition as massofasthe mass as Definition of the a result aofresult the new ainterior result the new interior of the new of interior street layout. street layout. street layout.

1:500 Volumetric Model 1:500 Volumetric Model 1:500 Volumetric Model Top view Top view 60 x 42 cm60 x 42 cm

Top view 60 x 42 cm

6.

6.

6.

Definition of “gallery” Definition and ofand “gallery” and Definition of “gallery” “U” typological forms “U” typological forms “U” typological forms

“U” type“U” type “U” type“Gallery” type “Gallery” type “Gallery” type Model ofModel assembly Model of pieces ofofassembly for eachfor type of each pieces for each type of assembly pieces type

7.

7.

7.

Definition of the final Definition form the final form Definition of the final of form by introducing vaults by introducing vaults by introducing vaults

1:500 Volumetric Model 1:500 Volumetric Model 1:500 Volumetric Model Aerial view Aerial view Aerial view 60 x 42 cm60 x 42 cm 60 x 42 cm

InsertionInsertion of the assembled sillar of the partitions assembled into sillar the into partitions into the Catalogue of piecesof Catalogue ofpieces assembled pieces sillar of sillar assembled sillar ofInsertion the assembled sillar partitions the Catalogue ofofassembled structural grid structural grid 8 different combinations 8 different for the combinations project for the project structural grid 8 different combinations for the project

HOUSING HOUSING MODULESMODULES RETHINKING THE RETHINKING ACT OF INHABITING THE ACT OF INHABITING The housing modules The respond housing in modules area and respond in quantity in areatoand the in famquantity to the family compositions found ily compositions in Quinta Salas. found A in total Quinta of Salas.

150 housing A total of 150 housing units with no qualitative units with differences, no qualitative will be differences, available for willthe be old available for the old and new inhabitants andtonew re-densificate inhabitantsand to re-densificate make viable the andhousing make viable the housing project. This mechanism project.will Thisavoid mechanism the displacement will avoid and the displacement gentrifiand gentrification of the district. cation of the district.

Module 1A

Module 1A

Module 2A

Module 2A

1-2 people 1-2 people 1/2 a structural module 1/2 a structural module 25.47 m 2 25.47 m 2

3-4 people 3-4 people 1 structural module 1 structural module 49.05 m 2 49.05 m 2

Basic Condition Basic Condition

Basic Condition Basic Condition

Module 3A

Module 3A

5 to more people 5 to more people 2 structural modules 2 structural modules 96.7 m 2 96.7 m 2

The apartments aim Thetoapartments have no spatial aim to hierarchy have no in spatial area. hierarchy The ser- in area. The services are centralized vices andarearecentralized located inand strategic are located positions in strategic giving positions giving the possibility to the redefine possibility and make to redefine a real appropriation and make a real of the appropriation of the flexible living spaces flexible by modifying living spaces its layout, by modifying even allowing its layout, theeven allowing the suppression of thesuppression kitchen, replacing of the kitchen, it with external replacing shared it with comexternal shared common spaces. mon spaces.

Other architectural Other elements architectural such as elements the archery, such the as bridges, the archery, the bridges, stairs and the proportion stairs and of the the proportion windows have of the been windows contextually have been contextually designed taking asdesigned referencetaking the Tambos as reference and Quinta the Tambos Salas. and Quinta Salas.

1:50 Detail Model1:50 Detail Model “U” type

“U” type

Kitchenless

1

1 “U”patio “U” type centralized type centralized patio

Kitchenless

Studio Apartment Studio Apartment

Commerce Apartment Commerce Apartment

2 Bedroom Apt.

2 Bedroom Apt.

Basic Condition Basic Condition

3 Bedroom Apt

3 Bedroom Apt

1:50 Detail Model1:50 Detail Model “Gallery” type

2

“Gallery” type

“Gallery” type2patio “Gallery” type patio

Workshop Apartment Workshop Apartment

3 Bedroom Apt. - Kitchenless 3 Bedroom Apt. - Kitchenless

2 Bedroom Apt. - Kitchenless 2 Bedroom Apt. - Kitchenless - Music School - Music School

“The building accomplishes its mission, its mission, “The building accomplishes but also participates in the creation of acreation wider text, city” but also participates in the of athe wider text, the city” Rafael Moneo Rafael Moneo

NEW QUINTA SALAS SALAS NEW QUINTA ZONING - PROGRAM LEVELS - BY URBAN PROFILES ZONING BY - PROGRAM LEVELS - URBAN PROFILES The New Quinta respectful surrounding profile and also redefines it in redefines La Marinait Avenue by TheSalas NewisQuinta Salastoisthe respectful to theurban surrounding urban profile and also in La Marina Avenue by taking advantage of the densification and the topography as an asset for as design. taking advantage of thepossibilities densification possibilities and the topography an asset for design.

The facades of The the building arethe covered with and quicklime painted with ocher,with a traditional and color facades of building arequicklime covered with andred painted red ocher,technique a traditional technique and color used to cover and sillar Arequipa. usedprotect to cover andinprotect sillar in Arequipa.

The traced newThe public streets the New Quintathe Salas give Salas the block the same pedestrian scale perceivedscale perceived traced new sectorize public streets sectorize Newand Quinta and give the block the same pedestrian in the Tambos.inEach contains a commercial to support the local artisans and aeconomy complementary the sector Tambos.

Each sector contains socle a commercial socle to support the economy local artisans and a complementary collective service that helps reinforce the sense of belonging Salas.to Quinta Salas. collective service that helps reinforce the sensetoofQuinta belonging These commonThese buildings and spaces use and the spaces same quicklime coverage technique painted with indigo blue. common buildings use the same quicklime coverage technique painted with indigo blue.

3. Sporting Moral Sports Court 3. Sporting Moral Sports Court

Quinta Salas hadQuinta a smallSalas basketball had a small basketball and football court “Sporting andwhere football court where “Sporting Moral” trained. This newtrained. abstracted Moral” This new abstracted space becomes the heart of the the new heart of the new space becomes Quinta Salas.

Quinta Salas.

+5. Rooftops +5. Rooftops +12.20 Solar panels

+12.20 Solar panels

1

+4. Fourth Level +4. Fourth Level

1

+3. Third Level+3. Third Level

5.

+7.20 +7.20 “Comedor Quinta “Comedor Salas”, Quinta Salas”, workshops, housing workshops, housing

2

2

6 +2. Second Level +2. Second Level

3

+4.20 +4.20 “Comedor Quinta “Comedor Salas”, Quinta Salas”, “Sporting Moral museum”, “Sporting Moral museum”, commerce, housing, footcommerce, housing, football court, dressing rooms ball court, dressing rooms

3

6 7

3

3

7

5

5

4

4

4

4

Side Elevation:Side Ugarte Street Ugarte Street Elevation:

5

5

5

5

Front Elevation: La Marina Avenue Front Elevation: La Marina Avenue

6

6

7

7

It occupies a hierarchical location in It occupies a hierarchical location in the confluence of the confluence new streets.of the new streets.

Encourages collectivity and collectivity social Encourages and social cohesion. This space can work an can work as an cohesion.

This as space important source important of supportsource for vulof support for vulnerable populations in time of need in time of need nerable populations and crisis. and crisis.

7. Altar of the of the the Virgin of the 7. Virgin Altar of Blessed Cross Blessed Cross

Quinta Salas had Quinta a holy Salas space had where a holy space where inhabitants couldinhabitants pay tributecould to itspay tribute to its patron. This new altar gains patron.

Thisexposure new altar gains exposure and hierarchy in its location. andnew hierarchy in its new location.

-3.20 -3.20 Parking spaces and deposits Parking spaces and deposits

4

Salas Collective 5. Quinta Salas Collective Canteen Canteen

6. Quinta Salas6.Museum Quinta Salas Museum

-1. Basement -1. Basement

4

Quinta

This space hosts This the existing trophy space hosts the existing trophy collection of the Quinta Salas historcollection of the Quinta Salas historic basketball teamic “Sporting basketballMoral” team “Sporting Moral” and a curated exhibition of the history and a curated exhibition of the history of the sector. of the sector.

+1. First Level+1. First Level

+0.00 +0.00 Commerce, housing, parkCommerce, housing, parking spaces and deposits ing spaces and deposits

4. Commercial4.Socle Commercial Socle

The perimeter gallery allows solar The perimeter gallery allows solar protection while walking in the street protection while walking in the street and its permeability enhances the and its permeability enhances the building’s relationship with relationship the boubuilding’s with the boulevard. levard.

+10.20 +10.20 Orchard, housing Orchard, housing

Side Elevation:Side Moral Street Moral Street Elevation:

HISTORICAL CENTER OF LIMA, LIMA 2020-2021

HOUSING RECOVERY PROGAM IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF LIMA PROMOTION OF INVESTMENT IN HOUSING | PROLIMA | TEAM: RODRIGO MARTEL, SARITA RODRIGUEZ ANTONELLA VIZCARRA, LUCIA PATIÑO, OSCAR BECERRA, CARLOS RAMOS

As part of the urban renewal strategies for implementing the Master Plan for the Historic Center of Lima, the housing recovery is proposed as a crucial intervention course. It aims to avoid the museification, touristification, and over-commercialization of the urban space and tackle the precarious living conditions in the historic collective housing tissues. Therefore, we proposed a collective housing bank in strategic lots that overpass the 1500m2 to raise the profitability of the projects so it can be attractive to private investment. The proposal includes a commerce socle adjacent to the streets, collective use spaces, and interior public plazas that work as an articulator in between the urban and the housing scale.

Utilizing this invaluable opportunity, I proposed and improved the architectural and urban design methodologies I applied in my thesis and the Historic Center of Lima, a more complex and delicate socio-urban context. This methodology is in constant improvement. The next step for this project consists of finding a way to include the beneficiaries of this housing policy in the process to help co-create their way of living.

PUBLIC PROBLEM

LOCAL GOVERNMENT PUBLIC ENTITY

HOUSING PRECARIOUSNESS

PROLIMA

THE HOUSING REALITY IN THE HISTORIC CENTER OF LIMA

MUNICIPAL PROGRAM FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF LIMA

69% in risk of collapsing

| Barrios Altos

Blocks 300

GSPublisherVersion 0.66.100.100

residents at risk

Most of the resident population live in slums without first hand needs

Physical and Legal Cleanup

Parcel Boundary corrections

PROMOTION OF INVESTMENT IN SOCIAL HOUSING

Social housing

Market-price housing

Compatible local commerce

Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation

200 hab./block

Public Agents Involved

Population 75 000

Identification of suitable lots for intervention

Development of the Collective Housing Project Bank

Residencial Use decrease SLUMS

Actions Prior to the Urban Renewal

Lima District Lima Metropolitan Area

65 slums

HOUSING AND TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT DIVISION

Historic Center of Lima

Residencial population in the Historic Center of Lima

Ministry of Economy, and Finance

70%

Ministry of Culture

percentage of families in each project benefiting from the housing subsidy of the Techo Propio program of the Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation

Metropolitan Municipality of Lima

precarious living conditions

+ urban diseconomy and unsafety

dilapidated cultural heritage Source: “Plan Maestro de Recuperación del Centro Histórico de Lima” (PROLIMA)

Casa de las Columnas - Conde de Superunda

+

COLLECTIVE SPACES

COMMERCE SOCLE

INTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE

Kindergarten Loundry Multipurpose room

Small Scale Commerce Mini Markets Local Restaurants

Centralized Type Patios Endemic Vegetation Public Play Ground

STRUCTURING AXLES

MASTER PLAN FROM THE HOUSING UNIT TO THE CITY

Tha Master Plan for the Recovery of the Historical Center of Lima (2019-2029) tackles the urban renewal by structuring axles defined by important avenues and streets in which major transportation and public space projects will be developed.

The Housing Recovery Program embraces these, and proposes collective housing projects in each sector

ÁNCASH

ALFONSO UGARTE

CALLAO

PLAZA MAYOR

JUNÍN

1 bedroom H.U. 2 bedroom H.U.

Module B (flat: 7.5 x 7.5m) 3-4 people

Module C (dúplex: 2 x 3.75 x 7.5m) 3-4 people

3 bedroom H.U.

Module A (loft: 3.75 x 7.5m) 1-2 people

2 bedroom H.U.

ANDAHUAYLAS

Module D (2.25 x 7.5 x 7.5m) 5-6 people

The housing modules respond to the contemporary family compositions and are placed in a regular structural grid of 7.5 x 7.5 m (efficient for underground parking spaces) to standarize and to speed up the construction process

HUÁNUCO

CUSCO-EMANCIPACIÓN

COLMENA EXPOSICIÓN

RÍO

GRAU

Structuring Axles Master Plan developed for the Collective Housing Project Bank Brochure for private investors

UNESCO W.H.S. delimited area

EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURAL AXLES

Finished Collective Housing Project

COLLECTIVE HOUSING PROJECT BANK

Land Development Feasibility Study

MASTER PLAN PER SECTOR

20

Projects Developed

2021

Identified Lot Intervention in Monuments or Buildings with Monumental Value Intervention in Lots destined for Urban Renewal Pedestrian Streets

ANCASH

Results achieved

1 305

Housing Units

5 599

Possible Beneficiaries

Tramway

GRAU

structuring axis

Amazonas 590

structuring axis

Amazonas 630

Amazonas 526 Amazonas 512 Maynas 268

y

57 250

149 716

43 158

av.

Aba

nca

58 266

143 670

Grau 695

av. jr. Ánc

ash

Ni

co

lás

de

Pi

éro

la

45 240

av. Grau

Ancash Structuring Axis Master Plan developed for the Collective Housing Project Bank Brochure

Amazonas 590 Frontal Façade

Grau Structuring Axis Master Plan developed for the Collective Housing Project Bank Brochure

Grau 695

Frontal Façade

Chancay 560

STRUCTURING AXIS

Frontal Façade

C H A N C AY 5 6 0 CUSCO - EMANCIPACIÓN

60

Housing Units

The project is located in the Monserrate neighborhood.

The façade prolongs the horizontal lines from the adjacent monument and consolidates the urban profile of the block.

The building is divided spacially into five housing and commerce blocks articulated by patios with a variety of endemic plant species in a desertic landscape proposal.

Several theatines are included on the third floor as a passive tool for ventilation and cooling.

These were typically used in colonial and republican buildings.

Chancay 560 Interior Patio

266

Beneficiaries

B

Section A-A

Main Entrance and Frontal Housing Block

B

Chancay 560

A

Posterior Housing Block A

First Floor

Section B-B

Commerce socle, common shared spaces and housing units

Middle Housing Block and Commerce Units

Jr. Chancay

Consolidated Urban Profile

MORAY, CUSCO 2019

K A C L L A R A C C AY O P E N PAT I O S AN INVITATION TO CELEBRATE DAILY LIFE

AA VISITING SCHOOL | NANOTOURISM INSTRUCTORS: ALJOSA DEKLEVA, RAFAEL FREYRE, JAKOB TRAVNKIK COLLABORATORS: ALESSANDRA MEINARDO, ANGELES ORTIZ, THERESA KETTNER

Operating at the confluence between gastronomy and architecture as a new form of articulating and understanding a specific territory, the program speculated on the role of tourism within the historic site of Moray, MIL Centro (the newly established research center) and the neighboring communities.

The project tackled the need of the Kacllaraccay community for tourism as an urgent source of incomes but, how could we design a model of tourism that did not erase the live culture and daily routines of their inhabitants? The project opened each house’s working courtyards as their wish to welcome tourists to create a small economy based on their agricultural products and handcrafts. Through the collective process of the project the notion of “mass tourism” was avoided and a new appreciation of the local heritage was established by celebrating daily life.

BASIC INFO

RESEARCH - PLACE

R E S E A R C H - M AT E R I A L S

LOCATION AND HISTORY

GETTING TO KNOW THE VILLAGE

Kacllaraccay is an agricultural community located in the Andes of Peru at 2.3km from the Inca ruins of Moray.

“Grandparents say that the upper parts of the community, were part of a road between the city of Cusco and Quillabamba. This road was used by merchants who moved products with mules. It was common for them to spend a night on what is now known as the community center.

One day,when in search of more water, they arrived at a spring, and near a ravine they saw a half-built house (in Quechua: “raccay”) with the walls covered by lots of cactus (“kacllas”). This itinerants decided to settle on this water and fertile crops blessed lands and named the community after that rare ruin covered in cactus: Kacllaraccay” Juan Cancio Cusipaucar

Opened doors foraging

Kacllaraccay community - Maras - Urubamba - Cusco - Peru

Harvesting and Weaving tools

Construction of housing

BASIC INFO

Earth

Hay

Wood

Stone

Cactus

Clay

Ropes

Aluminium Roofs

BASIC INFO

RESEARCH - EXCHANGE GETTING TO KNOW THE COMMUNITY

Mapping

Spatial recognition of their built environment

Dictionary creation

Communication through signage

Digitalized map of Kacllaraccay

Communication was difficult between the group and the community, besides “Hello - hola - alliyanchu”, no other phrases were easily understood.

So in order to break the ice, we purposed two separated exercises for adults and kids that aimed to help start the exchange of knowledge and experiences, taking aside the fact that the language was a barrier.

The diagrammatic representation of reality was a powerful mean of communication that helped us understand a bit of Kacllaraccay inhabitant’s perception of reality.

Sheep - oveja - oveja

Crops - chacra - chacra

Dog - perro - alco

Cat - gato - michi

Corn - maíz - sara

Cactus - cactus - kaclla

Bird - ave - haypa

Potato - papa - papa

K A C L L A R A C C AY O P E N P A T I O S

INHABITANTS OF KACLLARACCAY

PROCESS

Nelly

Damian

Anselmo

Firsts Exchange

RESEARCH - USER

QUECHUA

Allillanchu?

Allillanmi!

S PA N I S H

¿Cómo estas?

¡Estoy bien!

ENGLISH

H o w a re y o u ?

I am just fine

Benita

Members of the tourist association

M O R AY 2500 TOURISTS / DAY

K A C L L A R A C C AY

Manifesto

Genara

COURSE OF ACTION

Alliyanchu and Alliyanmi are the first and most important exchange between the visitor and the inhabitant.

By raising inhabitants self awareness and self appreciation, Kacllaraccay converts in this space where visitors and inhabitants relate through a horizontal attitude, eliminating staged authenticity and celebrating daily life.

2 TOURISTS /YEAR

BOOKLET There has been a progressive exodus from the village to pursue an ideal of success based on urban life, going from 125 h (1999) to 75 h (2019).

Older generation population in order to cope with the economical demands for education of their children saw in tourism an opportunity and wanted to follow the regular model as in other communities. That implied leaving agriculture behind and that is a risk not worth taking.

DICTIONARY FOR EXCHANGE

Prototypes

Ricardo

BASIC INFO

SIGNAGE ALLOWANCE OF ENTRY TO THE PATIOS FOR A LEARNING EXPERIENCE

The new model had to see in tourism an additional source of incomes.

How could we design an alternative solution that does not interfere with the economical stability that agriculture gives, taking into consideration that language is the main barrier?

I N S TA L L AT I O N CURATED SPACE FOR A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF KACLLARACCAY

COURSE OF ACTION

COURSE OF ACTION

K A C L L A R A C C AY O P E N P A T I O S

SIGNAGE

EXPERIENCE AND BOOKLETS PROTOTYPES

PROTOTYPES

PREPARATION

EXPERIENCE INFO + BOOKLET PICK UP + N O T I F I C AT I O N C A L L Cover of the promotional video in YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvFexVLxLOE

TO A MEMBER OF THE COMMUNITY

T R A N S P O R TAT I O N WALKING | BUS | TRUCK

A R R I VA L

PROCESS Hydration

Drying

The kids drawing on the booklet directs you to the house’s courtyards and becomes a dictionary.

Using a local organic material (corn husks) a new weaved technique can be developed by the inhabitants of Kacllaraccay. The local economy can be enhanced by selling them as souvenirs.

This redefines entirely the idea of a traditional paper booklet.

RECEPTION IN KACLLARACCAY

I N S TA L L AT I O N T O U R COMMUNITY CENTER HISTORY | MAP | PROFILES

PAT I O S S E E K I N G KACLLARACCAY STREETS MAP | PICTOGRAMS

INDIVIDUAL | COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE HOUSE PATIOS BOOKLETS | PICTOGRAMS

CHECKOUT COMMUNITY CENTER BOOK SIGNING | FEEDBACK

Weaving

First Prototype

Second weaved prototype

Exhibited booklet in Mater Iniciativa

The signage next to each door is an indication that you are welcomed to go inside without permission. The drawing extracted from the kids intervention gives an idea of the main activity done by that family in the village without the use of any spoken language.

PROCESS

COURSE OF ACTION

KACLLARACCAY OPEN PATIOS

I N S TA L L AT I O N A N D U S E R F E E D B A C K

FINAL THOUGHTS

IN SITU EXPERIENCE

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT FROM THIS?

History Kaclla

Dictionary

Inhabitants Profiles

Materials

Process

Installation floor-plan layout

This curated installation aims to be a place to enhance self awareness and appreciation. It was a must that all the prototypes could be made with local materials to reassess traditional techniques and avoid difficult economical investments.

Hay

Clay

Kacllaraccay’s first map painted at the entrance of the community center.

WORKING WITH COMMUNITIES CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DISRUPTIONS

H U G E E X P E C T AT I O N S A R E B U I L D A R O U N D T H E M O N E TA RY O U T C O M E

DISTRUST IS A RISK SO C O M M U N I C AT I O N I S A P R I O R I T Y

Two weeks are enough to build a trusting relationship, but that has to be handled extremely delicately.

We hope that we have planted a seed with this project that will only be taken further with the effort of the community having recognized how valuable they culture and knowledge is.

Opening day of the installation

Seferina showing us her courtyard

Opening day of the installation

STUDENT WORK | LIMA 2016

BICENTENNIAL SCHOOL AND THE ALGARROBO FOREST UNIVERSIDAD RICARDO PALMA | INSTRUCTOR: JUVENAL BARACCO

A School is powerful symbol of progress and real development for the new generations to come.

As part of a program of the Peruvian government for the bicentennial in 2021, High Performances Schools for the most talented students of low incomes with financial needs are proposed as part of urban renewal projects that can revitalize problematic areas in Lima.

URBAN RENEWAL

THE ALGARROBO FOREST LOCATION

San Juan de Lurigancho is one of the districts that exemplifies the lack of urban planning and design in Lima. It has been massively and informally occupied and nowadays is the most populated district in the capital with more than a million inhabitants.

San Juan de Lurigancho Prision Source: Carla Core

The proposed high performance school is located in the 18 ha lot of the San Juan de Lurigancho prison establishment that has currently been declared in emergency, as part of an urban renewal project.

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The park aims to create a vast public space in one of the most overcrowded and polluted districts in the country and pays tribute to the previous natural landscape that once occupied the dessert using the algarrobo tree as the main species.

Algarrobo tree

Collage 1:500 volumetric model 100 x 80 x 12 cm

The school master-plan includes a series of sports and educative infrastructure: a Colosseum, auditorium, a semi-Olympic pool that were developed volumetrically.

LOGIC OF EMPLACEMENT

BICENTENNIAL SCHOOL LOCATION

Section

1:100 Model

Transversal corridors and stairs

Library and Auditorium 120 x 110 x 30cm

The building is inserted respectfully into the topography and tries to become part of it by using a sand colored concrete and texture.

Section

Classrooms and laboratories

There is a two-story socle embedded into the topography that hosts the laboratories and the workshops.

1:100 Model

Classrooms and laboratories 120 x 110 x 30cm

Section

Classrooms and laboratories

The classrooms are located on top and the sloping roofs resemble the hilly context and create interesting spatial conditions.

Elevation

Overall image

The building is permeable in the socle and the stairs allow a gentle transition from the first level to the elevated main civic plaza.

1:100 Model

Amphitheater, civic plaza and library 120 x 110 x 30cm

The civic main plaza is located in the top of the hill where the urban and natural landscape can be contemplated.

The building that hosts the auditorium and library deliberately climbs the hill and creates multiple heights and walkable rooftops.

Third Level Classrooms

The educative building and the administrative offices are connected in the third level with bridges that overpass the main stair.

DETAILS

CLASSROOM MODULES CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM

Floor plan The formal condition of the building was resolved with a hybrid structure.

The initial two stories would be built with a concrete structure to support the horizontal loads of the topography.

1:100 Model

Administrative building and classrooms 120 x 110 x 30cm

This school aims to become a triggering element to accomplish an urban renewal.

The urban forest can conciliate the lost relationship with nature and provide with public spaces to the most overcrowded district in Lima city.

Section The following stories would be made with structural steel frames attached to the concrete beams and columns to obtain the slopping form, filled with ODF wooden panels and covered with a Superboard panel and a concrete finish to unify the whole building

SELECTED WORKS 2016 - 2023

RODRIGO MARTEL ORIHUELA 2024. All rights reserved. The images presented in the document are the property of the mentioned author or authors. Any reproduction will require their written authorization.