Go Up Team 3
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Team 3 _ Go Up Title 1: Tahoma 10 Bold Text Tahoma 10 Regular Example: Tell something about the process of the team, the teamwork and the experience of working in a team and designing a high rise building. Place pictures and personal info if you like to or try something else, but at least a picture of the group:
PM/Architect: Student nr.: Date of Birth: Email: Phone: Education:
Tim de Rijk 1550934 19-05-1987 timiozo@hotmail.com 31619655404 TU Delft - Architecture
Architect: Student nr.: Date of Birth: Email: Phone: Education:
Zhongnan Lao 4033760 11-09-1984 laozhongnan@gmail.com 31647354955 TU Delft - Architecture
Structural Engineer: Tunis Hoekstra Student nr.: 1213103 Date of Birth: 03-08-1988 Email: tunishoekstra1988@gmail.com Phone: 31638819574 Education: TU Delft - Civil Engineering Facade Engineer: Student nr.: Date of Birth: Email: Phone: Education:
Karel van der Kaaij. 4040694 01-24-1987 karelvanderkaaij@gmail.com 31654364745 TU Delft - Architecture
Building Services / BIM: Robert Fransen. Student nr.: 4030958 Date of Birth: 25-11-1987 Email: robert.fransen@hotmail.com Phone: 31641230553 Education: TU Delft - Building Tech
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Plot analysis Plot F The layout: Haeder 1: Tahoma 24, Bold, Centrated. Header 2: Tahoma 10, Bold. Possibly Header 3: Tahoma 10, Italic. Standard: Tahoma 10, Space out. For each page, the main intent is that the outer column is mainly meant for text and the inner column/frame for images (no text – only image titles) As with all pages: you may NOT exceed the amount of space in this outer column for your text. Changing the font is not allowed, nor the size of the font. If you have too much text, reduce your alinea’s and be sure to ONLY state the interesting information. People want to read interesting stuff that matters – think about conclusions and design choices that were important for the design. You may NOT change the titles above the page (plot anaylsis, architecture etc.) except the first page (Team X – team name) Don’t forget the footer text – change it to your team number & tower name. ity
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Please look up the books of previous years if you need some examples.
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Don’t forget to include all the pictures you use in the Indesign file, on the disk you hand in!
from d p n xte to e
PLOT: Explain your plot and briefly the conclusions of your plot analysis. Be sure not to forget any info that was important to your (final) design. Staff Entrance
Loading
Parking
4F
72F
Main Entrance
Main Entrance
Parking
Entrance
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Two concepts
Concept 1 ‘Two tower concept’: • Attractive plinth invite the people passing by • The mixed use transfer levels stimulates the unity of the building and guarantee flexibility • The separate and slender volumes make an attractive gesture • High efficiency of the floor plan due to the slender core
Concept 2 ‘Single tower concept’: • The single tower concept is extending the horizontal public space in a vertical way • Transparent plinth improves the image of high rise buildings, and is challenging the people to experience the building. • Unity of one building proves the integration of functions • The atrium inside the building serves the sustainable approach for the climate issue
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Architecture Name F.E. The concept of our high rise is movement and our aim became to bring this concept of movement back in the whole building, not just in the shape, but also in the façade, the internal organization, vertical movement, even the choice of the public functions.
Interesting areas The shape of our building creates a lot of corners and areas that other buildings do not have. This gave us a great opportunity to create areas with special features, such as a restaurant with a glass floor and sporting facilities on the roof. We decided to only place mainly public functions in these areas so that they are accessible for everyone.
Apartment
Hotel
Office Office Office
Congres
Retail Retail Cosino Retail Retail Retail Club
Parking Parking
Mixing functions To make the inside dynamic as well we decided that we would mix the different functions instead of making one plinth with all the public functions and place all the offices in the high rise. In our high rise we have two other functions besides the offices: relaxing (café/restaurant) and sporting. We decided to add sporting as a public function, because it has a strong relation with movement. Experience We decided that, as many people should experience the view over Rotterdam from our high rise as possible. Therefore we decided to place glass elevators along the west façade. Going up by these elevators provides you with different views of the building and Rotterdam. In a lot of high rise buildings this would not be possible because the elevators are in the core which is used for stability, but in our high rise this is not the case, therefore we can use glass elevators and place them wherever we want. Façade We decided to make a clear distinction between the east/west façade and the north/south façade. Main reason for this was that we wanted to show two totally different things in these facades. The north/ south façade should emphasize the shape of the building and therefore has semitransparent dark color. The east/west façade is transparent so that it shows the movement of the elevators and the structure. Floorplans Each office has its own entrance level, which houses the reception and the elevators, which will take the employees to their working station. These elevators are not accessible for outsiders.
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Plans
Plinth
Storage
Loading
Platform
Storage
Tower
Transport
A
A
Tower
Transport
Residencial plan
-4m plan
Logistics analysis -4.000m
Staff
Plinth
Tower/Plinth
Plinth
Tower/Plinth
Office plan
Ground plan
Circulation analysis -4.000m
Plinth
Tower/Plinth
Plinth
Tower/Plinth
Hotel plan
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Circulation analysis 6.000m 6m plan
Sections +274.800
72
+267.600
71
+264.000
70
+260.400
69
+256.800
68
+253.200
67
+249.600
66
+246.000
65
+242.400
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+238.800
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+235.200
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+231.600
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+228.000
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+224.400
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+220.800
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+217.200
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+213.600
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+210.000
55
+206.400
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+202.800
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+199.200
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+195.150
51 +194.850
+192.000
50
+188.400
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+51.600
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+48.000
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+30.000
CONNECTING TO MASTERPLAN CLAUS & KAAN
+275.100
+271.200
+24.000
+18.000
+12.000
+6.000
±0
+188.700
+115.650
+109.500
+36.450
05
+30.000
04
03
CONNECTING TO MASTERPLAN CLAUS & KAAN
02
01
00
±0
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 WORKSHOP - CITY IN HIGH RISE 2010
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GROUP 3 - GO UP TU DELFT VERTICAL SECTION ON GRIDLINE I SCALE 1:200
A-A section
Studies _ Team 3 _ Go Up
West eletation
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Structure Stabilizing structure In the plan is shown how the cores and the columns are positioned in the floor plan. The columns measure 1,2 • 1,2 m. The core dimensions are 37,4 • 8,4 meter and the core wall thickness is 1,2 m. The stabilizing element is the core. This core prevent the building from deflecting too much on top of the building. It resists the horizontal forces caused by the wind load, and transfer this load to the foundation. The cores themselves are rather slender. In the transverse direction they cannot deliver the required stiffness, therefore the cores are coupled with a truss. The steel truss is connecting the cores every 4 floor levels, the truss beams are circular hollow sections with diameter 760 mm and thickness 50 mm. Atrium A special challenge in the structural design was how to design the load bearing structure for the floors which are located above the atrium. The principle is shown in the picture on the right. The load from the floors is transferred to the columns next to the atrium. Therefore inclined columns are placed which provide for this transfer of load. As can be seen, reaction forces arise due to the change in the direction of the column forces. This reaction forces will be taken up by diaphragm action of the floors. Setback in the facade Generally the columns are placed in the facade, but: no columns were allowed in the setback. Therefore they are shifted inside the building. Structurally this is solved in a way similar to the issue of the atrium. With inclined columns over 4 floors, the loads are transferred in a very smooth way. Also in this case reaction forces arise, they will neutralize each other by the diaphragm action of the floor.
Structural plan of the building
Part of the core model in GSA
Example of the stress distribution in the core elements
Structural solution for the atrium Structural solution for setback
Modeling with Oasys GSA The 3D model of the core was made with Oasys GSA. To do this, the core was modelled as a system of beams. These beams are rigid connected. With use of GSA could be calculated that there will be no tension stresses in the core in the serviceability limit state (SLS) Therefore the calculations for the deflections could be made with the properties of concrete in a situation without cracks.
Core connected with truss
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Studies _ Team 3 _ Go Up
Example of the deflection results in GSA
Facade Facade Design Karel van der Kaaij
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High Rise Workshop Fall 2010
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Unitized System AUnitized unitizedSystem panel system was implemented for the facade. This is sustainable in two ways: It optimizes A unitized panel system was impleflexibility in the future because the interior spaces do not mented for th facade. This is sustainable directly influence in two ways; It optimizes exibility inthe design of the facade. This means the future becasue the interior spaces there will be no exterior renovations that in the future do not directly inuence the design of necessary if the program were to change. Also, the the facade. This means that in teh futureHebel there will beinsulation no exterior renova- concrete reduces construction time tions necessary if the program were to the insulation within the panel and by incorporating change. Also, the Hebel insulation does needtimeto concrete reducesnot construction by be applied on site. The panels also incorporating the insulation within the with the grid that is the basis for the coincide perfectly panel and does not need to be applied on entire building.
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1 - Glass Panel & Double Glazing 2 - Window Frame 3 - Panel Frame 4 - Mounting Blocks 5 - Weatherproong 6 - Insulation 7 - Hebel Insulated Concrete
Unitized System Karel van der Kaaij
site. The panels also coinicide perfectly with the grid that is the basis for the entire building .
Sun screening To ensure that the building is properly sunshaded at all times and to compensate for the large areas of glazing in the atria, perforated metal panels act as sun screening over the entire building. This not only Facade Design a uniform aesthetic, masking the gives the blocks Rise Workshopp Fall 2010 interiorHighgfunctions and program, but has many other key functions such as reducing window loads, which Sunfor Screening allows the implementation of operable windows and simplifying the box window unit. To ensure that the building is properly sunshaded at all times and to compensate for the large areas of glazing in the atria, perforated metal Atrium panels act as sun screening over the entire building. This not only gives The atria are toothelarge to span in one with steel cables blocks a uniform aesthetic, masking members are needed at intervals of five the so interiorstructural functions and program, but hasstories. many other keythe functionsbraces such as are incorporated in bridges that reducing window loads, which allows run throughof operable the atria. they are staggered to allow for the implementation windows and simplifying the box maximum light inside but also provide structure for window unit.
the facade.
Sun screening Karel van der Kaaij
Maintenance & Repair The window frame is operable on a daily use by a tilt system to allow fresh air in at the users discretion. Design Every six Facade months the outer panel must be raised or High Rise Workshop Fall 2010 lowerd and this is done by the maintence personal of the building. A key is needed to unlock the swing function of the frame which swings inward allowing acces to the back of the window and the inside of the The atria are large to span inas one well as the pins to raise or lower panel fortoocleaning, with steel cables so structural memthe panel. In the event that that outer panel needs bers are needed at intervals of ve cleaing or repair the outer frame can unlock and swing stories. the braces are incorporated in bridges that run through the atria. inward as well.
Atrium
1
they are staggered to allow maximum light inside but also provide structure for the facade.
2 18 m
1 - Atrium bridges 2 - Glazing
braces are incorporated inScale: bridges 1:50
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Building services Based on the different user requirements are for each different function appropriate climate systems and facilities applied. The use of mass, as the building also conceptually shows, is used extensively in the climate system. Using facade elements, in combination with the technique of a climate window produced an element including a climate based window, which independent of the summer or winter conditions can be used for additional ventilation, and offers extra comfort. Greenhouse Technology inside the atrium To avoid a totally closed concrete ceiling in the top of the atrium, a cloth will be placed below this concrete floor. This cloth is similar to the screenings which are used in the horticulture, and will provide extra heat savings. In cold periods the produced heat will be gained underneath the cloth instead of losing it directly throughout the glass façade. In summer periods this screen can provide extra sun shading or can be removed. Besides climate, the logistics are also provided within the high rise project. An approach is made for the amount of elevators, based on reference projects and literature. The use of sky lobbies made it possible to divide the different functions and creates space for human transportation. Building Services, Sustainability & BIM Robert Fransen [4030958]
Elevator plan
High Rise Workshop 2010 Groep 3 – Go Up
Afbeelding 3 laat schematisch zien hoe de warmte en koelbehoefte in de vorm van de verwarming zal worden voorzien in het pand. Verscheidene installatie niveaus zullen het gebouw in zijn warmte en koude behoefte voorzien. Deze niveaus zijn allen verbonden met de aquifer. Op het eerste installatie niveau is een warmtewisselaar geplaatst. Op de andere installatieverdiepingen zijn warmtepompen geplaatst waardoor het water onder hogere druk omhoog gepompt kan worden en niet zijn warmte zal verliezen gedurende dit pompproces. Legenda ________________________ Aquifer Installatieniveau Warmtewisselaar Warmtepomp Warm water Koud water Retourwater Naast het transport van water zal er ook lucht moeten worden aangezogen voor de luchtbehandeling. Op elk installatie niveau zijn luchtbehandelings kasten aanwezig. Op de volgende pagina wordt dit principe verder toegelicht.
Installations diagram
Afbeelding 3; Installaties van het volledige gebouw op hoofdlijnen
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Management Integration Integrating the various disciplines has different impacts on costs. The atrium imply additional costs. Using the atrium offers extra quality to the design. It shall also provide for the lifetime of the building in energy cost reduction. The flexibility of the building gives the freedom to change over the years. By thinking about changes in the lifetime of a building during the design process, later costs can be reduced. The combination of all disciplines with the atrium as the basis of our design makes this project integrated. Atrium
Flexibility A high rise building often has a long lifetime. This brings a number of challenges. Over the years, changes occur in the market and the standards use of functions. To be able with this our building is designed as flexible as possible. Between the cores and the facade space is kept free of structures to create a flexible floor plan. In this space are different versions of functional floorplans for offices, hotel or apartments possible. This is a possible change for over the years to keep it feasible. A flexible free floor plan also has an impact on the facade. Most of the time different functions have there own featured look. We have chosen the make one facade element for the entire building facade. This element is can be used for all the functions. After years functions can be changed without changing the facade as functional element. Besides the free plan and the facade, all the floors have the same height. The functional use of the atrium and the costs reduction of energy on a The sustainable way gives more table presents three different types this of floordesign space can be found. The gross floor area includes all surfquality. The flexibility of theThebuilding is necessary for a aces of the building. usable floor space contains only the space is functional. This excludes the core, building with aconstruction, long lifefacade, time. interior walls and corridor. At
Flexibility of function Description BUILDING GROUND, SUBSTRUCTURE Groundwork 11 Standard + drainage 13 Floor beds Sand Retaining walls, foundations 16 Pile foundations Calculated costs including standard piles 17 Piling STRUCTURE PRIMARY ELEMENTS, CARCASS Calculated costs ROOF Roof-closed 27 Concrete Roof-open 37 No open parts 47 Roof finishes Bitumen FACADE External walls-closed 21 Concrete facade External walls-open 31 Revolving door Window unit Sun blind: Awnings INTERNAL WALLS Internal walls-closed 22 Partitions (-12 dB) Brandwerende separatiewand Corridor wall (-12 dB) Stability wall 15 cm 32 Internal walls-open Door (semisolid core) Fire-retarding wall Internal wall finishes 42 Standard FLOORS 23 Floors-closed Imposed load 600 kN Floor openings 33 Void (5% GFA) 43 Floor finishes Floor finishing-hard: ceramic tiles Floor finishing-soft: carpet Stairs and slopes 24 Functional 45 Ceiling finishes Representative SERVICES, MAINLY MECHANICAL Heat generation 51 Improved efficiency 52 Drainage Standard Water 53 Standard 54 Gas Standard Cold generation and distribution 55 Topcooling 56 Heat distribution Radiator with individual control Air treatment 57 Natural ventilation Monitoring climate and sanitary 58 Expanded SERVICES, MAINLY ELECTRICAL 61 Electrical supply Standard
Power Standard 63 Lighting Standard Communication 64 Tel + Intercom 65 Security Lightning and fire protection Building monitoring facilities 67 Standard TRANSPORT SERVICES Transport 66 Functional 62
FACILITIES Traffic facilities 71 Standard User facilities 72 Standard Food processing facilities 73 Standard Sanitary facilities 74 Standard 75 Maintenance facilities Window cleaning system: Ladder Storage facilities 76 Standard GROUND FACILITIES 901 Ground facilities Standard Secondary buildings 902 fietsenberging (berekend) 903 Enclosure Fence Ground fittings 904 Simple parkeren op terrein Basement car parking - norm 1 Direct building costs Site costs General contractor costs Profit Building costs
Unit
Quantity reference
Cost per unit
Reference
Cost total € 118.611.700 € 1.689.100
Data organisation # employees
m² plot
3111
€ 66.900
Part time
m² plot
3111
€7
€ 22.200
Data building
m² plot
3111
€ 514
€ 1.600.000
€ 21
m² plot
3111
€0
€0
m² gfa
245771
€ 57
€ 14.020.300 € 14.020.300
m² plot
3111
€ 104
[-] [%]
Functional area
[m²]
148.300
Net Useable area
[m²]
163.130
Gross Floor Area
[m²]
245.771
[-]
79
€ 403.800
# floors
€ 323.400
Outer zone
[m']
Corridor zone
[m']
2,60
Mid zone
[m']
10,80
7,20
m²
622
€0
€0
m² plot
3111
€ 26
€ 80.400 € 45.707.700
Building width
[m']
17,4
m²
67098
€ 369
€ 24.782.500
Building g length g
[[m']]
178,8 ,
pc. m² m²
1 44732 44732
€ 11.688 € 409 € 58
€ 11.700 € 18.299.300 € 2.614.200
Gross floor height
[m']
3,60
Net floor height
[m']
2,70
€ 15.018.200
Open facade
[m²]
111.831
m² m² m² m²
€ 84 € 104 € 84 € 104
€ 12.800 € 721.300 € 5.932.100 € 3.553.100
Facade area
[%]
40
Facade thickness
[m']
0,40
m² m²
153 6911 71027 34043 0 5247 5546
€ 158 € 224
€ 830.600 € 1.241.200
m²
277544
€ 10
€ 2.727.100 € 41.772.600
m² gfa
233482
€ 107
€ 24.868.400
m²
443
€ 315
€ 139.900
m² m²
24577 208905
€ 94 € 31
€ 2.310.700 € 6.538.100
pc.
312
€ 1.513
€ 472.100
m² gfa
245771
€ 30
€ 7.443.400 € 17.340.200
m² gfa
245771
€3
€ 750.300
m² gfa
245771
€1
€ 298.400
m² gfa
245771
€2
€ 475.500
Elevators
[-]
Staircases
4
[m²]
150,0
Inner wall area
[m²]
122926
[m²]
10792
Inner wall closed
[m²]
112134
Inner wall constructive
[m²]
34043
Inner wall non-constructive [m²]
88883
NUA/FA
[-]
GFA/UA
[-]
1,51
F Facade/GFA d /GFA
[] [-]
0 0,46 46
Innner wall/GFA
[-]
0,50 rotterdam
Data location
m² gfa
245771
€1
€ 308.500
245771
€ 19
€ 4.606.900
City
[-]
Postal code
[-]
30
Index
[-]
1,01
Foundation depth
m² gfa
245771
€ 35
€ 8.656.000
245771
€0
€0
m² gfa
245771
€9
m² gfa
245771
€ 70
€ 2.244.600 € 33.571.200
m² gfa m² gfa m² gfa m² gfa m² gfa
pc.
€ 17.156.300
245771
€4
€ 1.013.200
245771
€ 46
€ 11.279.500
245771
€ 14
€ 3.488.900
245771
€0
€ 5.000
245771
€3
€ 628.300 € 14.787.500 € 14.787.500
20
€ 739.374
m² gfa
245771
€4
€ 1.076.900
€ 3.336.600
m² gfa
245771
€3
€ 783.200
m² gfa
245771
€3
€ 783.200
m² gfa
245771
€1
€ 332.000
m² gfa
245771
€0
€ 61.100
m² gfa
245771
€1
€ 300.200
125986 m² m² m² m² m² m²
[m]
3
Agglomeration
[-]
urban
Location
[-]
A
€5
€0
€ 660
€ 810.500
710
€ 22
€ 15.300
m² pc. pc.
0 4915 0
€6 € 1.095 €0
% % %
12,0 6,0 3,0
€0 € 5.380.800 €0 € 193.853.800 € 23.262.500 € 13.027.000 € 6.904.300 € 237.047.600
Svinsk is a program that is not really meant for highrise. The costs of a higher building will rise significantly more than some elements of low-rise, I used the digram of “van Oss” for a factor which calculated more each floor in relation with a high rise building. With these factors a calculated the total building costs.
Package selection Facade
[-]
Finishing
[-]
Climate control
[-]
Modified façade package Modified finishing package Modified climate control package
Basic input Svinsk 0,1 6,2 1
€ 6.206.600
0 1229
Cost calculation
To calculate the costs I used the program Svinsk. In this program, I used the functional floor space as the main input of the program. The program automatically calculates the gross floor space. This was similar with my data I had calculated in the table of program functions. In the middle of our building an atrium is located. This has less impact on the number of square meters of floor space, but does ensure more interior walls in the building are. By using a heigher average size of the rooms the program calculates a greater number of inner walls.
1,10
m² gfa
m² gfa
4.2
20
[-]
Av. room size Inner wall open
last I calculate the lettable floor space. This is just the floorspace that can be rented. This is different for each function. For the apartments corridors are not calculated. The lettable floorspace for the offices contains corridor space. This is because an office can use this space, but his depends on the layout of the offices. In our flexible plan there are possibilities to use this corridor space
A few interesting aspects are that the cost of the facade and inner walls, a large percentage of the total building cost amounts. Besides the building costs, I calculated the investment costs. I did this by using the values of the investment model tall. To calculate the location costs, I made an assumption of 600euro/m2. Further information about the land prices can be found under feasibility.
Cost chart 9
Svinsk results calculation program
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BIM BIM; .
“BIM is a 3D building information model (BIM). One model (database) in which data from an architect, designer, engineer and contractor are processed. In this model is immediately visible how the different disciplines behave alongside each other.” Source: www.hetnationaalbimplatform.nl
It’s the groups task to achieve this as completely and good as possible to finally create a 3D model in which each group member and discipline has it’s own part. Theoretically, a properly functioning system, practical difficult to perform with the various use of software for each discipline. By adapting the software in case of exchange possibilities the process could be optimized. Different problems have been tackled during the project. The exchange and interaction between different software had some problems, but eventually it was possible to combine different files in case of the total result. By creating one 3D model it was possible to see problems coming after combining the different solutions made in different disciplines. In that way better, more complete and integrated solutions, could be designed.
Building Services, Sustainability & BIM Robert Fransen [4030958]
High Rise Workshop 2010 Groep 3 – Go Up
3.4 Bestandsmanagement Aan het begin van het project is er een schema gemaakt over de verschillende programma’s die naar verwachting gebruikte zouden worden en hoe deze met elkaar samenwerken. Gedurende het project bleek dat sommige programma’s veel minder of zelfs niet gebruikt werden dan vooraf verwacht werd. Op afbeelding 24 is hetzelfde schema te zien zoals het uiteindelijk gebruikt is.
BIM flow
1. INPUT
2. CALCULATIE / BEARGUMENTERING
3. BEWERKEN / PRESENTABEL MAKEN
BESTANDSBEHEER
Afbeelding 24; Schematische weergave bestandsmanagement
Tools for cooperation
Het bestandsbeheer is, zoals aangegeven in het schema, georganiseerd via Dropbox. Dit externe programma, aan de hand van een voor ieder groepslid toegankelijke map op een server, biedt de mogelijkheid de bestanden op te slaan op een locatie die voor iedereen toegankelijk is en van waaruit gewerkt kan worden.
Daarnaast is veel communicatie gedurende de gezamenlijke uren gegaan. Door veel te overleggen en elkaar vragen te stellen tijdens het uitvoeren van de taken is het voor iedereen overzichtelijk gebleven wie met welke taak aan de gang was.
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Cost chart
Sustainability Natural ventilation In order to create a sustainable building a number of issues are important within the building. The use of the atrium will not only be based on architectural value and creating meeting points, but this will effectively participate in the operation of the building. The use of natural ventilation in the atrium and the climate window will contribute to the sustainability of the installations. By decreasing the demand of mechanical installations, the remaining space can be used better. Sun shading The permanent sun shading, in combination with the architectural concept, based on the ecliptic, and required minimal amount of sunlight in the building combines different disciplines within the faรงade technology and makes the faรงade an integrated part of the building.
Natural ventilation
Flexible floorplan By creating a flexible floorplan, the building can easily adapt when the internal function will change. This feature of a building can increase its lifetime and also can save a lot of costs.
Seasonal panal
Flexible foolplan
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