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PATRON
Royal Salutation from the Captain-in-Chief
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
As Captain-in-Chief, I extend my heartiest congratulations to the Royal Malaysian Navy on its 90th anniversary.
Ninety years ago, our Navy embarked on its noble mission to safeguard our maritime interests, secure our maritime borders and serve our nation with unwavering dedication and valour. Over the decades, our Navy has exhibited excellence, ingenuity and resilience to address the evolving challenges of our maritime domain.
Our Navy’s achievements stand as a testament to the dedication, professionalism and sacrifice of every Malaysian who has served under its flag. Since its inception, the Navy has continually advanced to acquire cutting-edge capabilities, ensuring its ability to meet contemporary maritime security challenges, both foreign and domestic.
I am delighted to introduce this book chronicling the Navy’s accomplishments and progress over the past nine decades. I commend all members of the Navy for their bravery, loyalty and sense of duty.
Let us take pride in the Navy’s historic achievements, while looking forward to its promising future with confidence. May the Royal Malaysian Navy continue its pursuit of excellence, with unwavering dedication to duty and honour, while upholding the highest standards of service and commitment to the nation.
May The Almighty Allah protect us always.
HRH
Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj Ibni
Almarhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj Sultan of Selangor
Message from the Chief of Navy
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
As we mark the Royal Malaysian Navy’s noble 90-year journey, it is with heartfelt pride and reverence that this volume is offered to all who cherish its storied legacy. Within these pages lies not merely a record of deeds, but a tribute to the indomitable spirit of those who have served, bled, and triumphed in the name of duty and nation. This chronicle bears witness to our rise, from humble origins to a position of strength and honor among maritime powers.
The RMN has weathered tempests both literal and figurative, its course steered by the courage and determination of its people. This narrative serves as a tribute to their sacrifices; a reminder for future generations to never forget the blood and effort that laid the foundation for our present achievements. We owe to their labors the blessings of progress and the privilege of serving beneath the ensign they so valiantly upheld.
As this tale unfolds, we take heed of the Malaysian Defence White Paper, whose foresight underscores the vital necessity of a formidable naval presence. The sea is an ever-changing theater, its threats as fluid as its tides. Thus, the RMN must adapt, ever remain vigilant, to safeguard the nation’s interests and contribute to the harmony of our region.
Our resolve has brought forth advancements worthy of note. The #15to5 Transformation Programme Re-alignment (Platform) serves as our lodestar, guiding us toward a fleet that is balanced, versatile, and credible. It is by such measures that we fulfill our role; not only as guardians of Malaysia’s sovereignty but as steadfast allies in securing the peace and stability of the waters we call home.
To all who have lent their hearts, hands, and minds to this endeavor, you have my deepest gratitude. Let this work serve as both a beacon and a challenge; to honor the traditions of the Royal Malaysian Navy and to forge onward with undimmed resolve, so that future generations may hold their Navy in equal esteem. Forward, with valor and unyielding faith in the justice of our cause!
Admiral Datuk Zulhelmy Bin Ithnain Chief of Navy
CHAPTER 1
Evolvement of the Service
SSRNVR – 1934
The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) traces its origins to the Straits Settlements Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (SSRNVR), which was established at Teluk Ayer Basin, Singapore, on April 27, 1934, as mandated by the No. 3 Straits Settlement Code. In its early stages, the SSRNVR had a strength of 175 personnel, consisting of 25 officers and 150 ratings. The officers were primarily British civil servants, port officials, and business executives based in Singapore, while the ratings were recruited from the local Malay population. The organization was initially commanded by Lieutenant Commander L.A.W. Johnson, a former officer with the Singapore Fisheries Department, and supported by Chief Petty Officer Adnan Raji, a former Company Sergeant Major of the Straits Settlement Volunteer Corps.
The SSRNVR held its maiden parade on 18th May 1934; at Teluk Ayer Basin, Singapore
Excerpts from the Straits Settlement Royal Navy Volunteer Reserves [SSRNVR] Year Book; 1934
The SSRNVR was initially formed to assist the Royal Navy in defending Singapore. The pilot project, which comprised 150 local Malay recruits, succeeded, leading to further expansion to augment more locals.
Rates mess onboard a ship used as a makeshift class room due to unavailabilty of training establishmennt
Potential recruits undergoing SSRNVR selection
Junior
Flag hoist drill
MRNVR – 1938
Malay ratings with British officers at RNO Penang
Success with the SSRNVR in Singapore led to its expansion to Penang in October 1938 as a new naval reserve division. This Penang division was later renamed the Malayan Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve [MRNVR]. The Resident Naval Office Penang [RNO Penang] which is still in place today at Padang Kota Lama was used to partially accommodate newly recruited MRNVR members; apart from being the residence of the British Naval Staff Officer.
RNO Penang seen on the far left and still in operation to date at the same location and building
Led by British officers, the majority of the Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (MRNVR) consisted of ratings who had either a senior or junior-level education from local English schools. These individuals were trained to perform a range of roles, including telegraphists, seamen, and signal communicators.
Naval drill
Flag communications training
Semaphore training
Gunnery training; manning a Lewis gun Morse code training Boat lowering training
Boating exercise; Pulling Whaler
ROYAL NAVY MALAY SECTION – 1939
In anticipation of an impending conflict with Japan, British colonial authorities made the decision in 1939 to establish the Malay Section of the Royal Navy, which was unofficially referred to as the "Malay Navy" due to its exclusive recruitment of Malays. Commanded by Lieutenant Commander H. Vickers and based at Sembawang, the Malay Section of the Royal Navy received training in communications, seamanship, and gunnery at HMS PELANDOK in Sembawang. The unit was tasked with supporting the defence of Malaya, Sarawak, North Borneo, and Labuan. By 1941, the strength of the Malay Navy had grown to 1,430 personnel.
Malay Navy ratings on formation; prior to the outbreak of World War II
Sub Lieutenant H.F. Biles RNVR was assigned as Divisional Officer for the
An artist impression depicting Malay Navy sailors defending HMS PELANDOK from a Japanese air raid
Leading Rate Seaman Ismail bin Hassan, Able Seaman Ali bin Ibrahim, and Able Seaman Lokman Zakaria served aboard HMS KELANTAN when the ship was attacked by Japanese aircraft near Pulau Aruah in December 1941
Royal Navy Malay Section and MRNVR
Victory Parade; London – 1946
The Malayan contingent took part in the 1946 Victory Parade in London, marking the end of World War II. This event honoured the contributions of the Allied forces, including Malaya, in securing victory. The contingent, made up of personnel from the British colonial forces, highlighted Malaya's role in the war and underscored the region's commitment to the Allied cause. It was a significant moment in Malaya's military history.
The Malayan contingent
A Malay Navy sailor (third from right) at the Victory Parade
MALAYAN NAVAL FORCE – 1948
The Royal Navy Malay Section, commonly referred to as the ‘Malay Navy,’ was reconstituted in September 1945 following the end of World War II. However, this iteration of the force was short-lived and faced dissolution in 1947 due to budgetary constraints. Despite this setback, the idea of a dedicated naval force for the region was not abandoned. On 24th December 1948, the British government enacted the Malayan Naval Force Ordinance, officially authorising the establishment of the Malayan Naval Force (MNF). The initiative was financially supported by Singapore, which contributed funding as part of its broader commitment to the defence of Malaya.
At its inception, the personnel of the Malayan Naval Force were stationed at a former Royal Air Force (RAF) wireless station located in Woodlands, Singapore. The initial strength of the force comprised 144 members, which included 10 officers and 15 trainers, all on loan from the Royal Navy. Additionally, there were 17 Chief Petty Officers and Petty Officers, as well as 21 Leading Rates, all drawn from the former Malay Section. The remainder of the force consisted of 81 Malay Ordinary Ratings.
To bolster its ranks, efforts were made to trace and recruit former personnel of the 'Malay Navy' by reviewing survivor records. While some individuals responded positively and rejoined the service, others were unreachable. Many had been casualties of the war, while others could not be located for various reasons, leaving a gap in the continuity of the force's personnel. Despite these challenges, the establishment of the Malayan Naval Force marked an important step in laying the foundations for a localised naval defence capability in the region.
Personnel of the ‘Malay Navy’ at Naval Barracks, Blakang Mati, Singapore, before the disbandment in 1947
The final parade before the disbandment of the ‘Malay Navy’ at HMS SULTAN, Singapore, 1947
ROYAL MALAYAN NAVY – 1952
On 29th August 1952, the Malayan Naval Force (MNF) received its Royal Colours from Queen Elizabeth II, symbolising its transformation into the Royal Malayan Navy. This event signified the shift from a colonial naval entity to one aligned with Malayan sovereignty, marking a key milestone in the RMN's history. The RMN adopted the white Royal Navy ensign, replacing the previously used blue ensign, and introduced the prefix Her Majesty’s Malayan Ship (HMMS) for its ships, in place of the Royal Navy’s HMS prefix.Further changes came on 21st May 1961, when the prefix Kapal Diraja (KD) was introduced for all RMN ships and bases, replacing HMMS.
The transition to full sovereignty was formalised through a bill passed in the Malayan Parliament on 18th June 1958, leading to the RMN gaining operational and administrative independence on 12th July 1958. In line with this move the Royal Ensign of Malaya replaced the British Royal Ensign on 1st July 1958, a symbolic moment of autonomy. Financial responsibility for the RMN also shifted to the Malayan government on 1st January 1959.
Notably, CPO Ismail bin Hassan and CPO Syed Halim bin Syed Abu Hassan were commissioned as the RMN’s first officers on 1st December 1953, respectively retiring in 1974 and 1968 as Captain Hj. Ismail Bin Hassan RMN and Lieutenant Commander Syed Halim Bin Syed Abu Hassan RMN. Their service numbers, N/400070 and N/400071, were the first recorded for Malayan commissioned officers.These developments underscore the RMN’s progression from a colonial force to a cornerstone of Malaysia’s sovereignty and defense.
Lowering the blue ensign and hoisting the white RN ensign
The commissioning ceremony of KD MUTIARA at Port Swettenham (now known as Port Klang) on May 20, 1961, marked the first ship to receive the prefix ‘KD’ (Kapal Diraja).
The handover ceremony of the Royal Malayan Navy to the Malayan Government took place on July 12, 1958, at Woodlands Naval Base, Singapore. The ceremony was attended by the Chief Minister of Singapore, Mr. Lim Yew Hock, representing the British Government, and the Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj. The event was also witnessed by the Governor of Singapore, Sir William Goode.
Merdeka! – 1957
On 31st August 1957, the day Malaya became a sovereign nation, the Royal Malayan Navy was accorded the honour of raising the Federation of Malaya flag at Stadium Merdeka. The hoisting of the flag was performed by Able Rating Mohamed Sharif bin Kalam, assisted by Leading Rate Oliver Cuthbert Samuel under the supervision of Chief Petty Officer Awang Mohd Salleh. On the same day, a contingent from the RMN marched past the streets of Kuala Lumpur in conjunction with the Merdeka Day Parade.
RMN First Royal Fleet Review – 1958
The Royal Malayan Navy’s first Fleet Review was a landmark event in the naval history of Malaya, taking place on 7th September 1958 off the coast of Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. This ceremonial display of naval strength marked a proud moment for the newly independent nation, showcasing the readiness and commitment of its navy to protect Malaya’s sovereignty. The ships proudly flew the Royal Malayan Navy Ensign, a symbol of the navy’s new found identity and dedication to the huge and challenging task entrusted upon it.
The event involved a total of 10 ships, each representing the backbone of the Royal Malayan Navy at the time. Ships participating in the review were HMMS SRI PERLIS, HMMS SRI JOHOR, HMMS SRI KEDAH, HMMS SRI TERENGGANU, HMMS SRI PAHANG, HMMS SRI NEGERI SEMBILAN, HMMS SRI PERAK, HMMS SRI
KELANTAN, HMMS SRI SELANGOR, and HMMS LANGKASUKA. These vessels demonstrated the navy’s growing capabilities and its role in securing the maritime boundaries of the nation. The Fleet Review was presided over by His Majesty Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Muhammad, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of independent Malaya. His presence underscored the significance of the occasion, as it symbolised the unity between the monarchy and the armed forces in safeguarding the nation’s independence and stability.
This momentous event reflected not only the navy’s operational readiness but also the aspirations of a young nation. It served as a powerful symbol of national pride and unity, reinforcing Malaya’s commitment to establishing itself as a sovereign and secure country.
ROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVY – 1963
Following the formation of Malaysia on 16th September 1963, the Royal Malayan Navy became the Royal Malaysian Navy. The inclusion of Sabah and Sarawak as part of the Federation of Malaysia - separated from Peninsular Malaysia by approximately 400 nautical miles across the breadth of the South China Sea - significantly added to the responsibilities of the RMN. Faced with a shortage of trained manpower and assets it had to adapt quickly to a two-theatre operation in addition to a significantly expanded coastline and territorial waters. Adding to the challenge was that the country was forced into the Confrontation or Konfrontasi; declared by the then Indonesian government which vehemently opposed the formation of Malaysia. This undeclared war necessitated the need for an expanded fleet, manpower levels and shore support infrastructure. The assistance provided by the RN, RAN, and RNZN in training, assets, and manpower was crucial and is considered one of the key precursors to the establishment of the Five Power Defence Arrangement (FPDA) which came into being in 1971.
The King of Malaysia reading the Proclamation of Malaysia at Stadium Merdeka on September 16, 1963, marking the official formation of Malaysia
CHAPTER 2
Evolvement of the Armada
POST WWI FLEET
Training for officers and ratings of the SSRNVR was initially facilitated by RN instructors stationed at the RN base in Sembawang, Singapore. Given the limited resources at the time, sea training was conducted on sailing boats and the Governor of Singapore’s yacht, SEA BELLE II. Eventually, the SSRNVR began operating a modest fleet that included the HMS LABURNUM, a Flower-class sloop, and motor launches such as HMS PANGLIMA, HMS PAHLAWAN, and HMS PENYENGAT.
During World War II, personnel from the “Malay Navy” served alongside their counterparts in the MRNVR on various British ships. Comprising mostly requisitioned steamers, merchant ships, and trawlers adapted for wartime needs. Tragically, many of these ships were lost in the campaign, including HMS LIPIS, HMS KUDAT, HMS MATA HARI, HMS LAUT, HMS VYNER BROOKE, HMS SIANG WO, and HMS SHU KUANG.
These sacrifices highlighted the critical role and resilience of the Malay Navy and MRNVR during the conflict, operating under challenging conditions with limited resources. Their contributions and courage left a lasting legacy in the history of naval service in the region.
The SEA BELLE II at Sembawang, Singapore, in 1938.
HMS LABURNUM; 1935
HMS LIPIS
HMS PANGLIMA on patrol; 1937
one of the last ships out of Singapore when the
Amidst the chaos following the fall of Singapore during World War II, several ships partially crewed by “Malay Navy” and MRNVR personnel managed to escape to Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka). These included HMS KELANTAN, HMS PANGKOR, HMS PAHANG, HMS PERAK, HMS KEPONG, HMS MATANG, and HMS KEDAH. Approximately 150 men from the “Malay Navy” and MRNVR, who were without ships, were also evacuated and went on to serve in the Royal Navy and the covert Force 136 during the war. However, not all were as fortunate. Many members of the “Malay Navy” and MRNVR became prisoners of war (POWs) under Japanese captivity. Some tragically lost their lives, while others endured the hardships and survived the war.
In the post-war years, the legacy of the “Malay Navy” lived on as several of its former members continued their naval careers in the Malayan Naval Force, the precursor to the modern Royal Malaysian Navy. Notably, CPO Ismail bin Hassan and CPO Syed Halim bin Syed Abu Hassan emerged as trailblazers, becoming the first Malays commissioned from the lower deck, symbolising the progression and dedication of local talent in shaping the nation’s naval history.
HMS SHU KUANG
HMS MATA HARI
HMS KELANTAN
Men of the Royal Navy Malay Section and MRNVR who evaded the Japanese naval cordon, Colombo, March 1942
HMS KEDAH;
fortress fell
POST WWII FLEET
In 1949, several ships were transferred or loaned to the Malayan Naval Force, including HMS TEST (a River-class frigate), HMMS LABURNUM (a HATSUTAKA class minelayer), HMMS SRI MELAKA (a Landing Craft Tank Mk 3), HMMS SRI JOHORE (a BLACKBIRD class minelayer), and HMMS SRI PERLIS (a Landing Craft Gun). These vessels enhanced the force’s operational capacity during its early development period when there was a scarcity of assets.
Renaming ships, considered bad luck by sailors due to superstitions about angering the sea god, was still practiced during this period. Several ships underwent multiple name changes, though the reasons remain unclear. These changes likely reflected administrative or operational adjustments as the Malayan Naval Force evolved, laying the groundwork for the future RMN.
HMS TEST; ex-HMIS NEZA of the Indian Navy
HMMS SRI MELAKA; formerly HMMS MALAYA and HMS PELANDOK
HMS TEST seen with her crew
HMMS SRI JOHORE; ex-HMMS PENYU; HMS DABCHICK and HMS THORNEY
HMMS SRI PERLIS; ex-HMMS PELANDOK
HMMS LABURNUM; ex-HIJMS WAKATAKA of the Imperial Japanese Navy; acquired as a war prize
HMS PELANDOK ship’s crew
4.7-inch gun onboard HMMS PELANDOK
SEAWARD DEFENCE MOTOR LAUNCHES
In 1949, the Malayan Naval Force (MNF) began operating seven Seaward Defence Motor Launches (SDMLs), followed by another two in 1950. These vessels, previously operated by the Royal Navy (RN) in Singapore, were initially designated as Harbour Defence Motor Launches (HDMLs) when constructed. Equipped with a pair of 20mm Oerlikon cannons, the SDMLs became the backbone of the MNF during this formative period.
In MNF service, the SDMLs were renamed HMMS SRI KEDAH, HMMS SRI SELANGOR, HMMS SRI TRENGGANU, HMMS SRI PERAK, HMMS SRI NEGERI SEMBILAN, HMMS SRI KELANTAN, and HMMS SRI PAHANG. Measuring 21.9 meters in length, they were crewed by mixed teams of RN and MNF personnel under RN officers.
These versatile and reliable vessels served as the workhorses of the MNF, carrying out vital duties until they were gradually replaced by modern Vosper-built patrol vessels. Their service marked an important phase in the development of Malaya’s naval capabilities.
HMMS SRI PAHANG ship’s crew; 1958
HMMS SRI KELANTAN
POST INDEPENDENCE FLEET
1958 to 1973
LANGKASUKA CLASS [HAM CLASS] INSHORE MINESWEEPER
KD LANGKASUKA
KD TEMASEK
KD SRI JOHORE
KD SRI PERLIS
KD JERONG
KD TODAK
M2602
M2612
M2602
M2604
M2610
M2627
- 1966
- 1967
- 1973
- 1973
HMS BEDHAM
HMS BRATINGHAM
HMS ALTHAM
HMS ASHELDHAM
HMS BOREHAM
HMS FELMERSHAM
Between 1959 to 1965, the RMN was the beneficiary of six RN HAM class inshore minesweepers, designated the LANGKASUKA class. Previously operated by the RN at Sembawang, these minesweepers were powered by 2 Paxman 12YHAXM engines. They were amongst the first batch built for the RN, which was constructed of wood and non-ferrous metals. Originally launched from 1952 to 1953, these ships were operated by the 26th Mine Counter Measures [MCM] Squadron at Woodlands. The last to be transferred after a refit at Tanjong Rhu were KD TODAK and KD JERONG, where both ship's sweeping gears were removed and replaced with a twin 20mm gun. The LANGKASUKA class was tasked with anti-infiltration duties in the Melaka and Singapore Straits during the Confrontation. Following the end of the Confrontation in 1966, RMN ships were still heavily employed in the Straits of Melaka for constabulary roles, typically anti-piracy and fisheries protection duties.
KD SRI PERLIS
KD TODAK
1960 - 1982 MAHAMIRU CLASS [TON CLASS] COASTAL MINESWEEPER
KD MAHAMIRU
KD LEDANG
KD JERAI
KD KINABALU
KD TAHAN
KD BRINCHANG
The RMN benefited from six TON class coastal minesweepers, originally built for the Royal Navy between 1953 and 1956. These vessels were integral to Malaysia’s naval capabilities, particularly during the Konfrontasi (Indonesian Confrontation) between 1963 and 1966. Operated by the 25th Minesweeper Squadron based in Singapore, these ships played a vital role in performing antiinfiltration duties in the Straits of Melaka and Singapore.
Due to obsolescence, the class was gradually retired: KD JERAI was stricken off the active list in 1977, followed by KD MAHAMIRU, KD KINABALU, and KD LEDANG in 1980, and KD BRINCHANG and KD TAHAN in 1982. Although originally designed for a coastal minesweeping role, the ships were also employed in anti-infiltration duties during the Konfrontasi and later adapted to more mundane roles, such as fisheries protection and anti-piracy, highlighting the versatility of the TON design.
KD JERAI
KD KINABALU and a sister ship in company
KD BRINCHANG
KD KINABALU ship’s company;17th April 1964
Light Jackstay personnel transfer at sea; KD LEDANG
Armada
1961 – mid 70s
KD MUTIARA [35]
– SURVEY VESSEL
As the country's first naval ship to be locally constructed and also the first to receive the “Kapal Diraja” (KD) prefix; KD MUTIARA holds a significant place in the history of the RMN. Constructed by John I. Thornycroft and Sons in Singapore, she was officially commissioned following a naming ceremony on 20th May 1961 at Port Swettenham (modern-day Port Klang). Designed as a Naval Despatch and Survey Vessel, KD MUTIARA was constructed using local timber and equipped to host dignitaries, including special quarters for official guests.
Measuring 61 meters and capable of a speed of 15 knots, she was manned by a crew of 15. Following her commissioning, KD MUTIARA undertook her maiden voyage in the Straits of Melaka, during which the 3rd Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, His
Royal Highness Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail ibni Al-Marhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail reviewed drills and live gunnery exercises performed by other RMN ships.
Beyond her naval duties, KD MUTIARA played a pivotal role in the formation of Malaysia. She ferried a negotiation team led by Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, alongside Tun Haji Abdul Razak and Tun Ghazali Shafie, to Brunei, Sarawak, and North Borneo (now Sabah) for discussions on their inclusion in the Federation of Malaysia. This diplomatic mission highlighted the ship’s dual role as a naval and state vessel during a critical period in the nation’s history. KD MUTIARA’s legacy underscores her importance not only to the RMN but also to Malaysia’s early nation-building efforts.
GOING GREAT GUNS
1963 – 1977 KD HANG TUAH [F433] – [ex-HMS
LOCH INSH] FRIGATE
KD HANG TUAH, originally launched as HMS LOCH INSH in January 1944 by Henry Robb Ltd, was a LOCH class anti-submarine warfare (ASW) frigate designed to enhance operations against submarines. The vessel, based on the RIVER class corvette design, underwent significant upgrades in 1953, including the replacement of its single 4-inch gun with a twin Mark XIX Quick-Firing 4-inch gun, supported by a Simple Tachymetric Director for improved fire control. The frigate was also fitted with advanced ASW equipment, including Type 277 radar, ASDIC Type 144, and Type 147B sonar, alongside Squid 12-inch triple-barrel ASW mortars, boosting its submarine engagement capabilities.
Upon transfer to the RMN, KD HANG TUAH was extensively refitted at Portsmouth in 1964. The overhaul included the installation of a helicopter deck and engine updates, featuring four-cylinder vertical triple expansion engines
powered by Admiralty three-drum boilers. The ship embarked for Malaysia on 12th November 1964, arriving at Woodlands on 30th December 1964, with stops in Gibraltar, Malta, Port Said, Aden, and Cochin.
In Malaysian service, KD HANG TUAH became the navy’s first frigate and played a crucial role during the Konfrontasi (Indonesian Confrontation). She served as the Tawau Guardship along Sabah’s eastern coast, tasked with deterring seaborne infiltration. In early 1965, she made history by conducting deck qualification trials with RMAF Alouette III helicopters, marking the first deployment of Malaysian helicopters on an RMN ship. KD HANG TUAH was decommissioned on 30th May 1977, concluding her service with an impressive career spanning 183,040.75 nautical miles. She remains a symbol of the RMN’s expansion and operational evolution during its formative years.
1963 – 1996 KEDAH CLASS – PATROL VESSEL
NAME
KD SRI KEDAH P3138 1963 - 1976 stricken
KD SRI SELANGOR P3139 1963 - 1996 stricken
KD SRI PERAK P3140 1963 - 1984 foundered
KD SRI PAHANG P3141 1963 - 1976 stricken
KD SRI TERENGGANU
KD SRI KELANTAN
P3143 1963 - 1996 donated for exhibition at RMN Museum; Melaka
P3142 1963 - 1996 stricken
To fulfil a class of patrol boats requirement, an order was placed with Vosper Ltd for an initial 6 in 1961. Although designed for coastal operations, consideration was placed on the boats having the ability to reach Borneo, even though the formation of Malaysia at that stage wasn’t even officially announced yet. Constructed of prefabricated steel, the 96-tonne boats received several modifications to meet RMN requirements, including air conditioning, water evaporators, and anti-roll stabilisers. Powered by two Bristol Siddeley MTU MD655/18 engines with a maximum speed of 27 knots. The class was armed with a pair of Bofors 40mm L/60s. With Malaysia in an undeclared state of war, the KEDAH class was assigned patrol duties in the Straits of Melaka and the Straits of Singapore almost immediately after arriving in Malaysia. They were also later deployed to East Malaysia. Operating from Woodlands, Tawau, Labuan, and Sandakan, these 31.4 metre in length ships played a vital role during the Confrontation, safeguarding Malaysian waters against infiltration attempts.
KD KEDAH; July 1963
KD SRI PAHANG
1964 – 2006 SABAH CLASS – PATROL VESSEL
NAME PENANT NUMBER SERVICE STATUS
KD SRI SABAH
KD SRI SARAWAK
KD SRI NEGERI SEMBILAN
KD SRI MELAKA
P3144
P3145
P3146
P3147
1964 - 2006 KM LABAS 2006; stricken 2008
1964 - 2006 KM SIPADAN 2006; stricken 2012
1964 - 2006 KM NYIREH 2006; stricken 2017
1964 - 2006 KM RUMBIA 2006; stricken 2018
Satisfied with the performance of the KEDAH class and driven by the acute need for additional hulls due to Konfrontasi; a decision was made
1966/68 – 2006/to the present KRIS CLASS – PATROL VESSEL
KD KRIS P3148; 1972-P34 1966 - 2006
KD SUNDANG P3149; 1972-P36 1966 to the present
KD BADEK P3150; 1972-P37 1966 - 2006
KD RENCHONG P3151; 1972-P38 1967 - 2006
KD TOMBAK P3152; 1972-P39 1967 - 2006
KD LEMBING P3153; 1972-P40 1967 - 2006
KD SERAMPANG P3154; 1972-P41 1967 - 2006
KD PANAH P3155 / P42 1967 to the present
KD KERAMBIT P3156 / P43 1967 - 2006
KD BELADAU P3157 / P44 1967 - 2006
KD KELEWANG P3158 / P45 1967 - 2006
KD RENTAKA P3159 / P46 1967 - 2006
KM LANG 2006; stricken 2018
KM SEGANTANG 2006; recommissioned as KD SRI SABAH P46
KM JAREK 2006; stricken 2014
KM KURAMAN 2006; stricken 2016
KM SIAMIL 2006; stricken 2015
KM LIGITAN 2006; stricken 2014
Retired 2004
KM KUKUP 2006; recommissioned as KD SRI SARAWAK P48
KM PEMANGGIL 2006; stricken 2014
KM BIDONG 2006; stricken 2014
KM SEMPADI 2006; stricken 2015
KM SATANG 2006; stricken 2018]
KD SRI PERLIS P3160 / P47 1968 to the present -
KD SRI JOHOR P3161 / P49 1968 to the present -
A third order was placed with Vosper, which led to the delivery from 1966 to 1968 of 14 KRIS class patrol boats. Sharing a standard design, the 31-metre KEDAH, SABAH, and KRIS classes were initially collectively known as Fast Patrol Craft [FPC] but were later redesignated Patrol Craft [PC]. The number or absence of portholes indicated the identity of the ships; portholes were not included in the design of the KRIS class, unlike the KEDAH class, which had 12 on each side, and the SABAH class, which had 4.
On 27th June 2006, the RMN transferred 15 PCs to the newly established Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA) as part of a broader restructuring of maritime responsibilities. These vessels were integrated into the MMEA’s fleet and were allocated the KM (Kapal Maritim) prefix.
A pair of PCs, KD SRI PERLIS and KD SRI JOHOR, were retained by the RMN and continue to serve till the present day. Over time, many of the transferred patrol craft were decommissioned by the MMEA, with some repurposed as artificial reefs under the Marine Park Department’s initiatives. This innovative reuse highlights efforts to support marine conservation while managing aging naval assets. In a notable development, two of the former PCs were transferred back to the RMN and recommissioned on 19th January 2024 after undergoing significant modifications. These vessels, now named KD SRI SABAH (ex-KD SUNDANG) and KD SRI SARAWAK (ex-KD PANAH), mark the RMN’s ongoing efforts to modernise its fleet while re-integrating refurbished assets to meet operational needs.
KM SIPADAN [ex-KD SRI SARAWAK] in a white hull after being transferred to the MMEA
Sinking a PC to create an artificial reef
Commissioning ceremony KD SRI
19th January 2024
and KD SRI
SABAH
SARAWAK;
KD SRI SABAH redesigned prior to recommissioning
1963 to mid 90s – RIVERINE CRAFT PATROL
The RMN operated a fleet of 9 Riverine Craft Patrol (RCP) vessels constructed by Hong Leong Lürssen to enhance riverine security and mobility. These RCPs were pivotal in addressing the insurgency threat posed by the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP) and Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara (PARAKU) in Sarawak. The escalating NKCP activity led to the deployment of these craft to KD REJANG, part of the Rejang Area Security Command (RASCOM). Additional units were stationed further east in Kuching to support military operations in the region. These vessels were critical for resupplying troops in remote locations, accessible only by rivers or air. However, the sound of their engines often attracted NKCP ambushes, making these missions
dangerous. For defense, several RCPs were armed with 20mm Oerlikon and L2A1 SLR heavy barrel 7.62mm light machine guns.
The RCPs also served in heavier logistical roles, including transporting 105mm howitzers and light vehicles, enhancing the mobility of ground forces. When Malaysia sought to bolster its presence in the Spratly Islands, the RCPs proved invaluable. Their shallow draft allowed them to maneuver efficiently, facilitating personnel transfers and the transportation of supplies. These versatile craft played a significant role in various types of operations, highlighting the RMN’s adaptability to diverse operational challenges.
1964 to mid 90s
– LANDING CRAFT PERSONNEL/MECHANISED
In March 1964, Australia announced a defense aid package to Malaysia, which included several Landing Craft Personnel (LCP) and Landing Craft Mechanised (LCM) vessels. These crafts were delivered between 1965 and 1970 and were initially assembled and fitted out at the Cockatoo Island Shipyard before deployment to Tawau, Sabah. Delivered in time to see service during the Confrontation the LCPs and LCMs were placed under the Senior Officer Tawau Assault Group (SOTAG); tasked primarily with
logistical support, particularly for army units stationed in the area. Increased activity by communist insurgents in Sarawak later led to the LCPs and LCMs being transferred to KD Rejang in the Rejang Area Security Command [RASCOM]. Apart from being used to transport light vehicles the LCMs were also used to transport 105mm howitzers. For self-defence the LCPs and LCMs had fixed mountings for the L2A1 SLR heavy barrel 7.62mm light machine gun.
1964 – 1977 PERKASA CLASS – FAST PATROL BOAT
The PERKASA class Fast Patrol Boats (FPBs) were a critical component of the RMN, first launched in 1961 and entering service in 1964. These vessels formed part of the 11th Fast Patrol Boat Squadron, operating from Woodlands. With their advanced design, the FPBs were renowned for their speed, maneuverability, and impressive firepower, serving a variety of operational roles during their tenure.
Constructed with a 96-foot hull of wood reinforced with fiberglass and an aluminum superstructure, the PERKASA class boats prioritised speed and agility. Powered by three Proteus gas turbines, these vessels could reach speeds of up to 54 knots, drawing electrical power from two gas turbines. The engines, controlled from an operations room via an electric starting system, made the class a pioneer in integrating modern propulsion technology. Each boat was crewed by 19 personnel, including engineers and technicians who maintained its complex systems. The PERKASA-class
KD PERKASA [150]
KD HANDALAN [151]
KD GEMPITA [152]
KD PENDEKAR [153]
was heavily armed for its size and era, initially equipped with four 21-inch torpedoes, which could be replaced with mines depending on mission requirements. Their main armament included a 40mm Bofors gun forward for antiaircraft and surface engagement and a twin 20mm Oerlikon cannon aft. These weapons made the FPBs versatile in a range of combat scenarios.
A major upgrade in 1971 saw the RMN enter the missile age, with each boat outfitted with eight SS-12 wire-guided surface-to-surface missiles mounted in side-launching chutes. This transformation significantly enhanced their offensive capabilities, allowing the RMN to modernise its fleet and adapt to evolving maritime threats.
The PERKASA class Fast Patrol Boats were instrumental in bolstering the RMN’s operational capabilities, blending high speed with robust firepower.
1965 to the present RMN DIVERS
The RMN Divers section has evolved significantly since its inception in 1965, initially established to support underwater operations from the RMN’s Woodlands base. The early mission of the RMN Divers focused on underwater demolitions, sabotage operations, ship fittings, and rescue operations in both maritime environments and disaster-stricken areas. Recognising the need to develop specialised expertise and attract more volunteers, a dedicated diving school was first established at KD PELANDOK, Woodlands in 1977 and later relocated to Lumut in 1981 under the Fleet Operations Commander.
Between 1995 and 1998, the RMN made a significant investment in a state-of-the-art diving complex to further improve the training facilities and operational readiness of its divers. This modern facility paved the way for the formation of the RMN Diving and Mine Warfare Centre, now led by a First Admiral. The centre oversees not only diving
but also Mine Warfare operations, handling tasks such as Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Demolition operations. The RMN Divers have extensive expertise and are equipped with advanced tools and technologies. They utilise side scan sonar, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), salvage lifts, and closed-circuit breathing apparatus (CCBA). The purchase of a “wet diving bell” enables divers to operate at depths of over 90 meters. Furthermore, the centre provides training opportunities not only for RMN personnel but also for members of the Malaysian Army, Air Force, other government agencies, and even personnel from allied nations, emphasising the collaborative and regional training focus of the centre. These investments and developments highlight the RMN’s commitment to maintaining highly capable and adaptable forces, ensuring that its divers remain proficient in modern maritime warfare and support operations.
1965 to the present – PASKAL
The RMN’s association with special operations began with the Malaysian Special Service Unit (MSSU), established on 1st August 1965. A select group of RMN personnel trained in jungle warfare at Ulu Tiram and completed a commando course with the Royal Marines, forming the naval component of the MSSU and laying the groundwork for Malaysia’s naval special forces. In 1975, a decision to establish a dedicated RMN special operations unit led to the formation of a cadre trained by the army’s Gerak Khas These personnel later received specialised training from Komando Pasukan Katak (KOPASKA) in Surabaya. Their initial role focused on securing RMN installations under the Internal Security Office. In 1979, the Internal Security Office was succeeded by the RMN Security Regiment, composing four companies, including a Commando Company, commanded by a RMN officer who was a MSSU graduate.
The unit officially became Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL) in 1982, relocating from Woodlands to Lumut. In 1989, PASKAL moved to Parit, Perak, before eventually returning to Lumut as their main operational base by May 1991. PASKAL specialises in multiple maritime military operations, including special operation demolition, sabotage, special reconnaissance, amphibious operations, hostage rescue, jungle warfare, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism amongst others. The unit is renowned for their expertise as frogmen, underwater combatants, and specialists in lightning raids, close-quarter battles and anti-hijacking operations.
PASKAL maintains a strong presence within Malaysia’s EEZ and collaborates extensively with other forces and agencies, both nationally and internationally. They regularly conduct joint operations and exercises with maritime stakeholders, including shipping companies and oil and gas corporations, to prevent threats such as hijackings, attacks on ships and oil rig platforms, and other maritime security challenges.
PASKAL has established itself as a leading force in maritime security, demonstrating expertise in high-risk operations. Among its notable successes is Operation FAJAR 8, where PASKAL commandos, led by Commander Mohd Maznan Mohd Said RMN, rescued the hijacked MISC vessel MT Bunga Laurel. Deployed from KA Bunga Mas Lima, the team utilised RHIBs and a Fennec helicopter to perform a swift and well executed assault on Somali pirates. Their advanced tactics and firepower ensured the safety of the crew and the vessel without any casualties, showcasing PASKAL’s exceptional capability in maritime combat and hostage rescue. The mission remains a significant milestone, affirming PASKAL’s role in safeguarding national interests; at home and abroad.
1965 – 1968
KD SRI LANGKAWI [L4043]
[ex-HMS COUNTERGUARD] LANDING CRAFT TANK
KD SRI LANGKAWI, a former Royal Navy Mark 8 Landing Craft Tank (LCT) originally named HMS COUNTERGUARD, was the RMN's first dedicated LST. Commissioned into the RMN in 1965, the ship’s acquisition marked an important step in the RMN's ability to conduct sealift operations. Following her commissioning in Malta on June 21, 1965, she was manned by a mixed RMN/RN crew and arrived in Woodlands after a 50-day voyage under the command of Lieutenant B. Bridger RN.
Powered by four Davey Paxman 12TPM engines producing 600 horsepower each, KD SRI LANGKAWI was equipped with a bow ramp to facilitate the loading and unloading of troops, vehicles, and heavy equipment. The vessel’s primary role involved transporting military assets between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, a critical task following the withdrawal of Commonwealth forces from the region. This ship’s operational versatility and reliability cemented its importance in the RMN’s early fleet modernisation efforts.
The Mark 8 Landing Craft Tank HMS COUNTERGUARD later commissioned as KD SRI LANGKAWI in 1965
1968 – 1990 KD PERANTAU – [ex-HMS MYRMIDON]
HYDROGRAPHIC
VESSEL
KD PERANTAU, originally HMS MYRMIDON, was a TON class minesweeper repurposed by the RN as a survey vessel in 1968. Acquired by the RMN for hydrographic missions, she played a vital role in charting Malaysian waters, particularly in defining the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
With a primary focus on hydrography, KD PERANTAU contributed to numerous surveys critical for safe navigation and maritime boundary delineation. The ship, operated by a dedicated crew, was equipped with advanced survey systems of its time. Following 22 years of service, she was decommissioned in 1990, symbolising a transition in RMN’s survey capabilities as the navy moved towards modern vessels equipped for specialised hydrographic tasks.
EXPANDING THE FLEET – 70s
1971 – 1980s
KD SRI LANGKAWI [A1500]
[ex-USS HUNTERDON COUNTY] – LANDING SHIP TANK
Deck landing onboard KD SRI LANGKAWI by Royal Malaysian Air Force helicopter SA316B Alouette III
As a replacement for the first KD SRI LANGKAWI, the RMN sourced its first ship from the U.S.; a former United States Navy [USN] LST 542. Launched in 1944 as the USS HUNTERDON COUNTY LST-838, KD SRI LANGKAWI was initially leased for 5 years but was later transferred outright under the U.S. Security Assistance Programme. Delivered to Woodlands on 29th June 1971 by a USN crew which sailed her from South Vietnam, KD SRI LANGKAWI [1500] was handed over to the RMN on 5th July 1971 and was commissioned on 10th July 1971.
1971 – 1999
KD DUYONG [A1109] – DIVING TENDER
KD DUYONG, a 120-ton diving tender, was built in Singapore, launched in August 1970, and commissioned by the Royal Malaysian Navy in January 1971. Equipped with twin Cummins engines, a decompression chamber, and a 20mm Oerlikon gun, she was integral to RMN’s diving operations. The vessel supported deep-sea missions, underwater repairs, salvage tasks, and advanced diver training. Throughout her period in service, KD DUYONG enhanced the RMN’s operational capabilities and played a key role in maritime support activities. Her decommissioning in July 1999, concluded nearly three decades of vital contributions to the country.
Collapsible platform at the stern for launching divers
1971 – 2003 KD RAHMAT [F24] – FRIGATE
KD RAHMAT [F24] was commissioned in 1966 to meet the Royal Malaysian Navy’s (RMN) growing operational needs. Originally named KD HANG JEBAT, her name was changed to KD RAHMAT after experiencing setbacks during trials. Launched in 1967, she was the region’s first naval vessel equipped with surface-to-air missile capability, utilising a Sea Cat launcher. The Sea Cat system onboard KD RAHMAT was a pioneering feature for its time, marking the first surface-to-air missile system installed on an RMN vessel. It consisted of a short-range command line-of-sight quadruple launcher designed to intercept low-altitude targets. Operated manually, the Sea Cat system was considered state-of-the-art during the 1960s and significantly enhanced the RMN’s air
defense capabilities. Its inclusion showcased KD RAHMAT’s role as a technologically advanced flagship in the region, demonstrating Malaysia’s commitment to modernising its naval forces.
Her armament included a 4.5-inch naval gun, twin Bofors 40mm L/70 guns, and a Mk10 LIMBO ASW mortar. KD RAHMAT featured a helipad adaptable via a McGregor Hatch for the RMAF SA316B Alouette III helicopter. Her electronics suite boasted Holland Signaal radars, Graseby sonars, and advanced fire control systems. After her decommissioning in 2003, KD RAHMAT served as a museum ship in Lumut. However, structural issues led to her scrapping in 2018 following persistent leaks and listing incidents.
Sea Cat Surface to Air Missile guided by M-44 Fire Director; 1976
1972 to the present PERDANA CLASS
– FAST ATTACK CRAFT [MISSILE]
BULLDOG AWAY!!! KD GANAS launched her Exocet MM-38 Surface to Surface Missile [SSM]; July 1981
The PERDANA class Fast Attack Craft Missile (FAC [M]), based on the Combattante II design, was the first in the region to be armed with the MM-38 Exocet missile. Ordered from Construction Mécaniques de Normandie (CMN) in 1970, the class comprised four ships commissioned on December 21, 1972, at Cherbourg following successful contractor trials in the Atlantic. Operated by an all-RMN crew, the ships undertook a challenging journey back to Malaysia, stopping for refuelling and maintenance at Senegal, Nigeria, Angola, South Africa, Mozambique, the Seychelles, and the Maldives.
While off the coast of Madagascar, the ships encountered extremely rough seas, resulting in cracked welding on a Bofors 57mm Mk1 gun and
KD PERDANA [3501] KD SERANG [3502]
KD GANAS [3503]
KD GANYANG [3504]
hull damage across all four vessels. Despite these challenges, the ships entered service as part of the RMN’s 1st FAC [M] Squadron. Powered by four MTU engines, the class was equipped with advanced electronics, including a Thomson CSF TH-D 1040 Triton surface search radar, Racal Decca 626 navigation radar, Thomson CSF Vega Pollux fire director, and a DR-3000 ESM system.
The PERDANA class ships were armed with two MM-38 Exocet missiles, a Bofors 57mm Mk1 gun in the A position, and a Bofors 40mm L/70 gun in the Y position. The Bofors 57mm Mk1 was fitted with six 103mm flare launchers, while the Bofors 40mm L/70 had four 57mm launchers.
The class made history with its first live Exocet firing in 1977, with KD SERANG as the firing ship. Under a Re-Powering Program in 2020, KD GANAS and KD SERANG were upgraded with four Cummins QSK50 engines. Today, all four vessels have been reclassified as Fast Attack Craft Gun [FAC-G], emphasizing their gun-based armament and operational versatility.
1973 to the present KD HANG TUAH [F76] [ex-HMS MERMAID] – FRIGATE
The 2nd ship to be named KD HANG TUAH was the former HMS MERMAID based on the Type 41/Type 61 hull [LEOPARD class]. Originally constructed as a Presidential yacht for Ghana, she was launched in 1966 by Yarrow Shipbuilders as the BLACK STAR. As a cost-saving measure, she was fitted with a basic sensor fit, which did not include a radar and had minimal damage control standards. After cancellation by the Ghanaian government, she was commissioned in the RN in 1973 as HMS MERMAID and, after 4 years of service, was transferred to the RMN. Allocated the same pennant number
as HMS MERMAID [F76], she was commissioned into the RMN at Southampton on 22nd July 1977. Armed with a twin 4.5inch gun in the A position, a pair of Bofors 40mm L/70s aft of the landing deck, and a Limbo ASW Mortar Mark 10 in the stern, the 2,300-tonne frigate was fitted with an AWS 1 air search radar a Graseby Type 170B narrow beam sonar and a Graseby Type 176 medium range sonar. Her twin 4.5-inch guns were replaced with a Bofors 57mm Mk1. Some 5 decades after entering service, KD HANG TUAH is still in service, whilst waiting to be converted into a museum ship.
KD HANG TUAH fitted with a twin 4.5inch mount gun
1975/76 to the present JERONG CLASS – FAST ATTACK CRAFT [GUN]
Based on the Lurssen Fast Patrol Boat 45 design, the Jerong Class Fast Attack Craft Gun [FAC-G] were constructed by the Hong Leong Lurssen Ship Yard Company Limited in Penang and was delivered in 1977. Present at the launch of the lead ship, KD JERONG, on 28th July 1975 was Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak Hussein. Operated by the 6th FAC [G] Squadron, the 47 metre FACs are armed with a Bofors 57mm Mk1 and a Bofors 40mm L/70 and entered service equipped with a Decca 1226 radar and a Naja fire director. In 1995, a decision
KD JERONG [3505]
KD YU [3506]
KD BAUNG [3507]
KD PAUS [3508]
KD TODAK [3509]
KD PARI [3510]
was made to permanently base the 6th FAC [G] Squadron in Labuan to improve the RMN’s ability to patrol Sabah and Sarawak waters. Due to their age, various measures have been undertaken to ensure the fleet can remain in service for at least a decade through the Re-Powering Programme, including new engines and associated propulsion systems. The first to receive new engines, 3 Cummins QSK50s, were KD BAUNG and KD TODAK in 2020, followed by KD JERONG in 2021, KD YU, KD PARI and KD PAUS in 2022.
1976 to the present KTD PENYU [4] – OCEAN TUG
Originally built in Singapore as SALVIGILLANT, KTD PENYU is a 460-ton harbor tug commissioned into the RMN in 1976. Initially used for standard tug operations, the vessel took on additional roles following the decommissioning of KD PERANTAU in 1990. These roles included hydrographic surveys alongside KD MUTIARA, serving as a diving tender equipped with a diving bell, and acting as a target towing vessel for naval gunfire training. Its versatility highlights its importance in supporting various operational aspects of the RMN.
1977 – 2018 KD MUTIARA [255] – HYDROGRAPIC VESSEL
Constructed by Hong Leong Lurssen Shipyard and designed by Maierform GmbH, KD MUTIARA was launched in November 1976 and commissioned in 1977. Powered by two Deutz SBA 12M 528 engines and driven by Controllable Pitch Propellers, she was equipped with Vosper stabilisers for enhanced seakeeping, a Maierform SV bulbous bow, a Becker rudder with an additional fin, and a Pleuger bow thruster.
Her extensive equipment suite included a Marconi hydro plot system, Magnavox Satnav receiver, Atlas Hydro sweep MD 2/30 kHz Multibeam Echosounder, Atlas Deso 25 Deepsea Echosounder, a 10-inch Sound Velocity Probe, a DMS 3-05 Motion Sensor, Expandable Bathy
Thermograph, two Klein 3000 Side Scan Sonars, a QINSy Acquisition System, Deso 22 Single Beam Echosounder, two InterOcean Systems Inc. Current Meters, and two Conductivity 2 x 3-inch depth probes.
Additionally, KD MUTIARA was fitted with a decompression chamber, four survey launches, and two workboats, as well as a hydraulic winch, a heavy-duty geological winch, a slewing derrick, and two other derricks.
After 41 years of dedicated service, KD MUTIARA was decommissioned in July 2018, having completed 146 surveys covering 68,598 square kilometers of ocean and travelled 220,000 kilometers.
1977 – 1999 LST-542 CLASS – LANDING SHIP TANK
KD SRI BANGI [A1501] - [ex-USS HENRY COUNTY]
KD RAJA JAROM [A1502] - [ex-USS SEDGEWICK COUNTY]
A pair of former US Navy LSTs, USS HENRY COUNTY (LST-824) and USS SEDGEWICK COUNTY (LST-1123), were transferred to the RMN in 1976. Constructed during World War II and the post-war period, these ships were designed for amphibious operations and troop transport. After refurbishment at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, they were commissioned as KD SRI BANGI and KD RAJA JAROM on February 19, 1977. Their transfer marked a significant enhancement in Malaysia’s sealift and logistics capabilities. Both ships arrived in Malaysia at Woodlands Naval Base in July 1977, piloted by RMN crews after their Pacific voyage. These LSTs were assigned to
the 32nd Sealift Squadron, tasked with bridging the logistical gap between Peninsular and East Malaysia. They were often used for troop deployment, cargo transport, and humanitarian missions.
The LSTs retained their original design’s versatility, featuring a bow ramp for direct shore unloading and sufficient deck space for vehicles and heavy equipment. They were invaluable for operations in remote coastal regions with limited port infrastructure. After 22 years of active service, both KD SRI BANGI and KD RAJA JAROM were decommissioned in 1999, marking the end of their operational legacy within the RMN.
KD RAJA JAROM launching amphibious troops from her forward ramp
1979 to the present HANDALAN CLASS – FAST ATTACK CRAFT [MISSILE]
KD HANDALAN [3511]
KD PERKASA [3512]
KD PENDEKAR [3513]
KD GEMPITA [3514]
A contract was awarded to the Swedish shipbuilder Karlskronavarvet on 19th August 1976 for the four HANDALAN Class [SPICA [M]]. These fast attack craft are armed with a Bofors Mk1 57mm, a Bofors 40mm L/70, and 4 MM-38 Exocet surface-to-surface missiles. Powered by 3 MTU engines, each ship fitted with 2 Volvo Penta generators. Operated by the 2nd FAC [M] Squadron, the class entered service equipped with a Philips 9GR 600 surface search radar, a Philips 9LV 212 fire director, and a Thales DR3000 ESM.
At the time of their entry into service, the 2nd FAC [M] squadron were the most capable FACs operated in the region. They were the RMN’s
main strike arm until the arrival of the KASTURI class corvettes some years later. Despite suffering from inherent issues faced by FACs, such as a lack of endurance, sea-keeping limitations, and vulnerability to attacks from the air, they were suited for performing ‘hit and run’ tactics for sea denial operations in a coastal environment, a role they were designed for. KD PERKASA underwent an Obsolescence Programme whereby she received a new hull with a modified superstructure and associated propulsion system in mid-2023. The success of this programme will eventually be extended to the remaining sister ships. Like the FAC 1 Squadron ships, all 4 of the FAC 2 Squadron ships are also designated as Fast Attack Craft Gun [FAC-G].
KD GEMPITA firing a MM-38 Exocet surface to surface missile
Original design
Design after Obsolescence Programme
1980 – 2010 KTD SOTONG [6]
– OCEAN TUG
Constructed in 1970, KTD [Kapal Tunda Diraja] SOTONG was a 480-tonne ocean tug formerly known as the ASLANTIC CHARM. Bought from Atlantic Navigation [Private] Limited in Singapore, she was commissioned into service in 1980. Powered by 2 Yanmar 6UA ST engines, she was fitted with a TM1226C navigation radar [later replaced with a Furuno] and, for self-defence, had mounts for GPMGs. In addition to her role as an ocean-going tug and a ‘tow target vessel’, she was tasked with patrolling the country’s territorial waters. After 3 decades in service, she was decommissioned in January 2010.
1980 – 2016 KTD KEPAH [8]
– OCEAN TUG
Constructed by the Asahi Shipbuilding Yard in Japan and powered by 2 Yanmar 6UAUT engines, KTD Kepah was commissioned into service in March 1980. The 200-tonne harbour tug was fitted with a navigation radar, an Anschutz STD-22 gyro compass, and a Raymarine ST60 echo sounder. Initially based at HQ Naval Region I in Woodlands, she was later based at HQ Naval Region 2 in Labuan. After a refit in 2008, she was relocated to Teluk Sepanggar. In November 2010, she was a ‘tow target vessel’ for trials involving Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes fired by submarines. She was decommissioned in December 2016.
EXPANDING THE FLEET – 80s
to the present MULTI-PURPOSE COMMAND AND SUPPORT SHIP
Ordered respectively from Bremen Vulkan, Germany [KD SRI INDERA SAKTI] on 24th October 1979 and Korea Tacoma Marines Industries, South Korea [KD SRI MAHAWANGSA] on 15th November 1981, the MultiPurpose Command and Support Ships [MPCSS] are operated by the 31st MPCSS Squadron. Although both have a similar design, KD SRI MAHAWANGSA has a slightly larger cargo space than her sister and a raised landing deck. Fitted with side ramps near the stern to enable vehicles and other equipment loading, these ships provide the MAF with a sea lift capability and the ability to perform HADR operations. If needed, both ships can
also act as tenders. Unlike KD SRI INDERA SAKTI, which is armed with a single Bofors 57mm Mk1 on the bow, KD SRI MAHAWANGSA is also equipped with a Bofors 57mm Mk1 on the bow and stern. Both are armed with Oerlikon GAM BO-1 mounts [fitted with an Oerlikon 20 mm/85 KAA gun] and pintle mounts for GPMGs. Until it was retired, a Naja fire director provided fire direction for the Bofors Mk1 fitted on the bow. In 2017, a Scanter 6000 X band 2D solid-state radar was installed. Over the years, both ships have participated in numerous bilateral and multi-lateral exercises, disaster relief {HADR] efforts, and supported Malaysian troops on UN operations.
KD MAHAWANGSA
KD SRI INDERA SAKTI
1984 to the present KASTURI CLASS – CORVETTE
Prior to the arrival of the LEKIU class frigates, the KASTURI class corvettes [KD KASTURI and KD LEKIR] were the most capable vessels in the RMN. Ordered in 1981 from Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) and commissioned in Kiel, Germany, on August 15, 1984, these 1,500-ton ships were based on the Blohm & Voss FS 1500 design and were referred to as “light frigates” despite their corvette classification.
The KASTURI class was armed with an impressive array of weapons, including the Creusot Loire 100mm Compact gun, Bofors
Mk1 57mm gun, Emerlec mounts with dual Oerlikon 30mm cannons, Bofors 375mm twin ASW rocket launchers, and MM-38 Exocet missiles. Both ships also featured advanced electronics for the time, including the Thales Nederland DA-08 S-band radar, SEWACO MA combat management system, DSQS-21 active/passive sonar, LIOD fire directors, and CSEE Dagaie decoy launchers. The ships were powered by four MTU 20V1163 TB92 engines in a CODAD (Combined Diesel and Diesel) configuration, providing excellent speed and endurance.
KD KASTURI [25]
KD LEKIR [26]
To enhance their lifespan and operational capabilities, a Ship Life Extension Programme (SLEP) was implemented, aimed at extending their service life by 15 years. Upgrades under the SLEP included a TACTICOS combat management system, Terma SKWS DL-12T decoy launchers, a Mirador electro-optical sight, and a Link Y Mk2 data link. The original MM-38 Exocet missiles were replaced with MM-40 Exocet Block 2 missiles, and the aging Creusot Loire 100mm gun was replaced by a Bofors 57mm Mk1 gun, with the aft 57mm gun removed. Emerlec mounts
were replaced with 30mm DES DS30B cannons, and twin Bofors 375mm launchers were replaced with B-515 triple torpedo tubes for A244-S torpedoes.
These ships were pioneers in the RMN, being the first to incorporate a modern active/passive sonar, 3D air search radar, and an active jammer. Notably, KD LEKIR became the first RMN ship to fire a missile in foreign waters during the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise in 2022, successfully launching an Exocet missile.
B-515 triple torpedo tubes for A244-S torpedoes fitted to B position of KD KASTURI after her SLEP
1985/87 – 2006 MUYSTARI CLASS
– OFFSHORE PATROL VESSEL
KD MUYSTARI [160]
KD MARIKH [161]
The RMN acquired its first purpose-built Offshore Patrol Vessels primarily to patrol the newly declared Exclusive Economic Zone [EEZ]. The acquisition concept was unique in that the lead ship was built in Korea, while the second ship was built locally.
Launched at the Korean Shipbuilding yard in Pusan on 19th July 1984, KD MUYSTARI was commissioned on 19th December 1985. Her sister, KD MARIKH, was launched at the Malaysian Shipyard
and Engineering [MSE] yard in Pasir Gudang on 21st January 1985 and was commissioned on 9th April 1987. These OPVs entered service equipped with a Creusot Loire 100mm Compact; a single twin 30mm Emerlec mount; pintle mounts for GPMGs; a Holland Signaal DA-05 search radar; a PEAB 96GA-600 fire director and a Racal Cutlass ESM. These ships still serve the country as part of the Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency’s fleet.
1984 to the present MAHAMIRU CLASS – MINE COUNTER MEASER VESSEL
KD MAHAMIRU [M11]
KD JERAI [M12]
KD LEDANG [M13]
KD KINABALU [M14]
To replace the former RN TON class minesweepers, the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) ordered four LERICI-class Mine Counter Measure Vessels (MCMVs) from Intermarine SpA on February 20, 1981. Designated the MAHAMIRU Class, delivery was delayed due to a low bridge across the Marge La Spezia River, preventing the ships from leaving the Sarzana shipyard. After resolution, they were handed over on December 11, 1985, and arrived in Lumut on March 26, 1986, following stopovers in Sicily, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and India. These vessels, assigned to the 26th MCMV Squadron, became essential assets for Malaysia’s mine countermeasure capabilities.
The MAHAMIRU Class represented a technological leap in regional mine warfare, introducing the first glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) hulls in Southeast Asia. This innovation reduced acoustic and magnetic signatures, enhancing stealth. Powered by two MTU 12V 396TC82 diesel engines and equipped with electro-hydraulic thrusters, these 500-tonne vessels offered excellent stability and maneuverability.
Additionally, four generators, with two positioned above the waterline, minimized underwater noise and magnetic detection. The integration of the Riva Calzoni Auxiliary Propulsion System ensured precise station-keeping during operations.
Their mine countermeasure suite included TSM 2022MkI lowfrequency sonar, two Oropesa Mk4 wire sweep systems, and two PAP-104 Mine Disposal Vehicles (MDVs). These features enabled efficient mine detection, neutralisation, and removal, securing vital maritime routes. The class is armed with a Bofors 40mm L/70 gun, supporting additional duties like coastal patrol.
Various upgrades were implemented over the years; including a Mine Hunting Tactical Data System (MTDS), an upgraded TSM 2022MK3 sonar for KD MAHAMIRU and KD LEDANG, and modern MDV OLISTER systems. In addition to mine warfare, these ships performed coastal security missions, reflecting Malaysia’s commitment to advanced naval infrastructure and regional maritime security.
MDV Olister equipped with war charge being launched
26th MCM Squadron in line abreast formation
1989 to the present KLD TUNAS SAMUDERA
– Brigantine
Launched by Brooke Yachts International in 1989, KLD [Kapal Layar Diraja] TUNAS SAMUDERA is a twin mast 200-tonne brigantine. Constructed around a round bilge steel hull, this ship has 2 Perkins engines. Commissioned on 15th October 1989 at a ceremony attended by His Majesty Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Azlan Shah and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. This sailship is utilised for naval personnel training and conducts youth development programmes. She is homeported at Lumut Naval Base and operated by a 2 crew system. The pinnacle of this brigantine was when she circumnavigated the world en route to Poland to participate in the 2007 Baltic Sea Tall Ship Races.
EXPANDING THE FLEET – 90s
1991/92 – 2001 WESTLAND WASP HAS MK. 1
In 1989, the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) acquired six HAS Mk.1 Wasp helicopters from the Royal Navy (RN), supplemented by a training and support package. This included a Westland Plc. team of eight technical experts stationed in Lumut for two years and an RN Loan Service Team led by a Lieutenant Commander to train 14 pilots and 160 support personnel. The first Wasp arrived in Port Klang six months after the contract was signed, with each helicopter undergoing an overhaul before delivery.
Powered by Rolls-Royce Bristol Nimbus 503 engines, the Wasp featured foldable rotor blades, a quadricycle landing gear, a foldable tail boom, and inflatable flotation gear. Its unique zeropitch capability enabled safe landings on wet and moving decks, making it well-suited for naval missions. Operated by 499 Squadron at KD RAJAWALI, the fleet became a cornerstone of the RMN’s early helicopter operations.
By 1992, a follow-up order for five additional Wasps expanded the fleet to eleven units. Over 13 years, the Wasps logged 10,000 flight hours and 5,000 successful landings, achieving a remarkable accident-free record. They operated from both shore bases and naval vessels, enhancing the RMN’s operational capabilities and maritime security. The Wasps were retired in 2001, with the last flight occurring on December 21, 2001. Their service provided the RMN with valuable expertise in naval aviation, marking a significant chapter in Malaysia’s maritime defense history.
1995 – 2010 KD SRI INDERAPURA [1505]
[ex-USS SPARTANBURG COUNTY - LST 1192] –
LANDING SHIP TANK
KD SRI INDERAPURA was a prominent asset in the RMN and held the distinction of being its largest ship. Formerly the USS SPARTANBURG COUNTY, a vessel of the U.S. Navy’s NEWPORT class of Landing Ships Tanks [LST], she had a displacement of 8,500 tonnes. Commissioned into the RMN on January 31, 1995, at the Naval Amphibious Base in Little Creek, Virginia, KD SRI INDERAPURA played a vital role in various naval operations, including the high-profile Operation FAJAR in the Gulf of Aden.The ship measured 159 meters in length and was operated by the RMN’s 32nd Sealift Squadron. In RMN
service, the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) and RBOC decoy launchers were retained. A unique feature of this class was its 110-foot bow ramp, extendable and retractable using two large derricks, along with a stern gate for enhanced operational versatility.
Unfortunately, the vessel was destroyed in a fire incident in 2009, which rendered her unserviceable. She was officially decommissioned on January 21, 2010, marking the end of her tenure in the RMN.
1997/99 to the present LAKSAMANA CLASS
– CORVETTE
KD LAKSAMANA HANG NADIM [134]
KD LAKSAMANA TUN ABDUL JAMIL [135]
KD LAKSAMANA MUHAMMAD AMIN [136]
KD LAKSAMANA TAN PUSMAH [137]
Tre..Due..Uno.. BIRDS AWAY!!!
Aspide Surface to Air Missile [SAM] fired by KD LAKSAMANA HANG NADIM
Tre..Due..Uno..BULLDOG AWAY!!
Otomat Mk2 Surface to Surface Missile [SSM] fired from KD LAKSAMANA HANG NADIM
Designated ‘fast missile corvettes’ by Italy’s Fincantieri and the Melara Club, the four corvettes were initially ordered by Iraq in 1981 but were never delivered due to a United Nations embargo. Named the ASSAD Class, these 675-tonne corvettes were impounded at La Spezia’s Muggiano shipyard. These ships were armed with a Oto Melara 76mm Super Rapid gun; Oto Melara Breda 40mm L70 twin gun; 6 Otomat Mk2 anti-ship missiles; 4 Aspide surface to air missiles and 6 Whitehead A244S torpedoes. Constructed of light alloy [aluminium magnesium UNI 5086] in the superstructure and welded high tensile steel in the hull, the 62-metre corvettes were powered by 4 MTU 20V 956 engines, each driving 4 shafts with propellers in a counterrotating configuration.
Renamed the LAKSAMANA class, these corvettes are operated by the 24th Corvette Squadron. KD LAKSAMANA HANG NADIM and KD LAKSAMANA TUN ABDUL JAMIL were commissioned at La Spezia on 28th July 1997, followed by KD LAKSAMANA MUHAMMAD AMIN and KD LAKSAMANA TAN PUSMAH on 31st July 1999.
At the time of delivery, these corvettes were fitted with a RAN 12LX air/surface search radar, an SMA SPN-703 navigation radar, RTN-10X fire directors, a Selenia-Elsag IPN10 Combat Management System; an Atlas ASO 84-41 hull-mounted active/ passive sonar; an INS-3B broadband radar intercept ESM and 2 Breda 105mm decoy launchers. The class underwent refit, replacing outdated machinery and engines with modern systems. Additionally, a Re-Hull Programme provided new hulls to extend service life. With these updates, the ships were reclassified as Fast Attack Craft.
1999 to the present LEKIU CLASS – FRIGATE
The LEKIU-class frigates, KD LEKIU and KD JEBAT, were ordered in March 1992 from GEC-Yarrow, displacing 2,270 tonnes each. KD LEKIU’s steel-cutting began in March 1993, with her launch on December 3, 1994, and commissioning on October 9, 1999. KD JEBAT followed, launching in May 1995 and commissioning in November 1999. Operated by the 23rd Frigate Squadron, these 106-meter ships are the most advanced in the RMN.
Armed with a Bofors MK2 gun, a 16-cell Sea Wolf VLS, 8 MM-40 Block 2 Exocet missiles, and 2 triple torpedo tubes for 6 A244-S torpedoes, the frigates are optimised for multi-role combat. They also carry advanced sensors like the DA 08 air/surface search radar, Sea Giraffe 150 radar, and Thomson Spherion sonar, with integrated
KD JEBAT [29]
KD LEKIU [30]
systems including the NAUTIS CMS and Mentor 2V1 ESM. Their defensive suite features Super Barricade decoy launchers, Sea Siren torpedo decoys, and Graseby GID-3 NBC detectors.
The frigates feature a hangar and flight deck for a Super Lynx helicopter and are powered by four MTU 20V1163 TB93 engines in a CODAD setup. Recent upgrades include a Therma Scanter 6000 radar, Chess Dynamics Sea Eagle EO sight, and the Vibrant 01 CMS on KD LEKIU. In 2021, KD LEKIU, KD LEKIR, and KD TUN RAZAK achieved a coordinated missile firing during Exercise TAMING SARI. In 2023, KD LEKIU launched a salvo of two missiles in the Straits of Melaka, demonstrating enhanced operational capabilities.
3..2..1.. BULLDOG AWAY!!! MM-40 Block 2 Exocet Surface to Surface Missile [SSM] fired from KD LEKIU
3..2..1..BLOODHOUND LOOSE!!! DOGBOX ONE ESTABLISHED!!! A244-S torpedo fired from KD LEKIU
3..2..1.. BIRDS AWAY!!!
Seawolf Surface to Air Missile [SAM] fired from KD JEBAT
The Combat Information Centre on board KD LEKIU
1998 to the present KD PERANTAU [151] – HYDROGRAPIC VESSEL
KD PERANTAU was constructed by the Hong Leong Lurssen Ship Yard Company and was commissioned in 1998. Propulsion was enabled by a pair of Deutz MWM SB8 M628 engines. Her equipment fit included an Integrated Navigation and Command System, an X-band and S-band Radar; a System Legere pour mesure le Distance electronic position fixing system, an Atlas Polartrack Azimuth Positioning system; a Deepsea Echosounder; two Dual Frequency Single Beam Echosounders; a Digital Hydrographic Data Logging and Data Processing System; a Dual Frequency Side Scan Sonar; an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; a Sound Velocity Profiller; a Sub Bottom Profiler; an Expandable Bathy Thermograph; an Idronaut
24 Bottle Rosette Water Sampler and a System Piston Corer. The Deepsea Echosounder enabled surveys to be carried out to a depth of 10,000 metres. There were two launches for surveys in shallow waters: Pluto and Utarid. As part of an upgrade, Raytheon Anschütz supplied a Synapis Intelligent Bridge Control system, a Reflector Magnetic Compass, a GDA 101 Echo Sounder; an NP 5000 autopilot, a Synapsis Radar; an Electronic Chart Display and Information System and a Synapsis Conning centralised data display. Other equipment installed included a Skipper EML 224 speed log and a Saab R5 automatic identification system. In 2014 she participated in search operations for MH370.
1999/01 to the present CB-90HEX – FAST COMBAT BOAT
Ordered in 2 batches from Dockstavarvet, along with 4 mobile boat lifting systems, 4 CB-90H and 12 CB-90HEX patrol boats are in service. Most are deployed in East Malaysia for various roles, including coastal surveillance, ship transfers, and light replenishment. Powered by 2 Scania DSI14 V8 Engines and 2 Kamewa FF water jets, they have hulls and superstructures made of aluminium. They are fitted with a FURUNO NavNet navigation system, DC-120 GPS, Phonetech intercom, and Onan generator. Armed with a pintle-mounted GPMG. Under Operation PASIR, CB-90s were placed under the operational control of larger ships, relying on these ships for replenishment.
ENHANCING THE FLEET – 21st CENTURY
2001 to the present FAST TROOP VESSELS
Originally constructed at Penang Shipyard Sdn. Bhd. for a local ferry company, these ships were based on the Australian Wavemaster commercial ferry design. Later, both were transferred to the RMN and operated by the 33rd Supply Squadron. Designated Fast Troop Vessels [FTV]; they were commissioned at Labuan on 29th May 2001. Powered by 4 MAN 02842LE-408 diesels and 4 Hamilton 521 water jets, they are also fitted with 2 Cummins 80kw
generators with AC alternators. Their equipment fit includes a Riviera DS 1409 -96/TAO Magnetic Compass; a Furuno GP-1650F Echo Sounder; a Furuno FS8500 VHF Radio GMDSS; a Furuno FM 8500 FVHF radio telephone and a Rochem Reverse Osmosis System. Manned by a crew of 8, the 100-tonne FTVs are fitted with a cargo stowage area and a troop-carrying compartment which can accommodate up to 32 passengers.
2003 to the present SUPER LYNX MK. 100
An order was placed in 1999 for 6 Super Lynx Mk 100s, making the RMN the launch customer of the Mk300 series. By the end of 2003, 5 Super Lynx had been delivered, with the 6th remaining in the UK for Sea Skua integration, handed over in May the following year at a ceremony held at Farnborough. Operated by 501 Squadron, the Super Lynx is fitted with 4 BERP (British Experimental Rotor Programme) rotor blades and powered by LHTEC CTS-800 engines with a Full Authority Active Digital Electronic Control [FADEC]. Fitted with a non-retractable tricycle-type landing gear equipped with oleo-pneumatic struts, the Super Lynx has 2 doors on both sides of the cockpit and 2 sliding doors providing access to the main cabin. The sensors and avionics fit comprises a Seaspray 3600 radar, Sky Guardian electronic support measures [ESM] system, a
nose-mounted forward-looking FLIR and Alenia TG2 data links, and a glass cockpit comprising multiple active colour LCDs. The Super Lynxs [M501-01 to M501-06] are armed with a pintle-mounted FN 12.7mm machine gun to enable fire support during anti-piracy operations. For anti-shipping and ASW, semi-active radar-guided Sea Skua missiles and A244/S torpedoes are operated; the Alenia TG2 data link allows the Super Lynxs to provide Over the Horizon Targeting [OTHT].
By early 2018, the Super Lynx fleet had flown a total of 10,210 hours and had performed 4,372 deck landings. The deployment from the MV BUNGA MAS LIMA [Operation FAJAR 5] lasted for 7 months and was the most extended sea deployment by a RMN helicopter.
Sea Skua missiles fired from Super Lynx
2004 to the present AS555SN FENNEC
Having ordered the Super Lynx, the RMN was still left with a requirement for a training platform. In addition to being a trainer, the helicopter is used for surveillance, light transport, vertical replenishment, mercy flights, disaster relief, SAR, and routinely supporting PASKAL operations. A decision was made to order 6 AS 555 SN Fennec helicopters on 13th October 2001 during the LIMA exhibition. To oversee the manufacturing process and to undergo training, a RMN team was based at Marseille Marignane for 27 months, with the first Fennec [M5026] handed over in early 2004. Powered by 2 Turbomeca Arrius 1A turboshaft engines, each Fennec [M502-1 to M502-6] is armed with a door-mounted FN 7.62mm GPMG and is fitted with a Bendix 1500B X band search radar, a LEO 11 A5 FLIR; Fruit 99 ESM; GPS; APX 100 Raytheon transponder; Spectrolab SX16 searchlight and a hoist.
Unlike the Super Lynx, fitted with nonretractable tricycle landing gear, the Fennec has landing skids. Raised in June 2004, the squadron was officially declared operational the following month. The Fennecs are based at KD RAJAWALI and are under the Aviation HQ, commissioned on 7th April 2006. Operated by 502 Squadron, the Fennecs regularly deploy to the Teluk Sepanggar base in East Malaysia and to ships when needed. 502 Squadron played a pivotal role in Operation FAJAR, preventing the hijacking of the ZENHUA 4 and the MT ABUL KALAM AZAD. A Fennec also supported the rescue operation mounted on the BUNGA LAUREL, which pirates had boarded.
2006/10 to the present
KEDAH CLASS
– NEW GENERATION
PATROL VESSEL
KD KEDAH [171]
KD PAHANG [172]
KD PERAK [173]
KD TERENGGANU [174]
KD KELANTAN [175]
KD SELANGOR [176]
The New Generation Patrol Vessel (NGPV) Programme is a cornerstone of Malaysia’s naval modernisation efforts, combining advanced multirole capabilities with a focus on developing domestic shipbuilding expertise. This initiative resulted in six MEKO 100A class ships, constructed through a collaboration between the German Naval Group and Penang Shipbuilding Corporation - Naval Dockyard Sdn. Bhd. (PSC-NDSB). Utilising the Blohm & Voss modular outfitting technique, each ship was constructed from five pre-assembled modules: three hull sections and two mast units, expediting construction and integration.
The first two ships, KD KEDAH and KD PAHANG, were delivered to Lumut from Hamburg in partially constructed states for final outfitting and trials, achieving commissioning in 2006. The remaining ships; KD PERAK, KD TERENGGANU, KD KELANTAN, and KD SELANGOR; were launched between 2007 and 2009, with commissioning completed by 2010. Each ship measures 91.1 meters in length, with a beam of 12.85 meters, a draft of 3.4 meters, and a full-load displacement of 1,650 tonnes. They are powered by a pair of Caterpillar 3616 V16 diesel engines, delivering 5,700 kW each, driving Kamewa Ulstein Type 72X5/5 controllable-pitch
propellers, enabling a maximum speed of 22 knots. Auxiliary power comes from four Caterpillar 3412 DITA generators.
Their systems include an EADS TRS-3D/16ES multi-mode radar for air and surface surveillance, an Oerlikon Contraves TMX/EO X-band fire control radar, an L-3 ELAC Nautik Navigation Detection Sonar [NDS], and an Atlas COSYS 110M1 CMS for advanced combat management. Designed under the “Fitted For But Not With” (FFBNW) concept, these ships currently carry a 76mm Oto Melara Super Rapid Gun and an Oto Melara 30mm shortrange gun but are prepared for future integration of Exocet MM40 Block II missiles and SAM systems. Enhanced defensive capabilities include the Thales Sceptre-X ESM system and the Sippican ALEX SRBOC decoy launchers, integrated with navigation and electronic support measures.
Equipped with aviation facilities supporting Super Lynx Mk 300 helicopters, a range of 6,000 nautical miles at 12 knots, and an endurance of 21 days, the KEDAH class's core function is safeguarding the nation's EEZ. Deployment is split between Teluk Sepanggar and Tanjung Gelang, providing comprehensive strategic coverage across Malaysia’s waters.
The 17 Patrol Vessel Squadron in line abreast formation
2009 to the present
KA BUNGA MAS LIMA [5]
– NAVAL AUXILIARY SHIP
The RMN ceased deploying combat vessels to the Gulf of Aden under Operation FAJAR due to the high operational costs, wear on assets, and the need to prioritise commitments in home waters. To maintain a presence and safeguard Malaysian interests in the piracy-prone region, the RMN turned to an innovative solution: converting the BUNGA MAS LIMA, a 9,000-tonne freighter owned by the Malaysian International Shipping Corporation (MISC), into a naval auxiliary vessel with the prefix KA (Kapal Auxiliary). The ship was equipped with a helicopter landing pad, a hangar, and fitted to host a mixed crew of RMN personnel, MISC crew (granted naval auxiliary status), helicopter and an embarked PASKAL detachment. Commissioned in 2009, this cost-effective alternative ensured continuous security for Malaysian shipping interests in the Gulf of Aden.
One of the most notable successes of this deployment occurred in January 2011, when pirates boarded the MT Bunga Laurel, a Malaysian chemical tanker en route to Singapore, about 300 nautical miles off Muscat. The tanker’s crew of 23 secured themselves in the engine room and alerted the KA Bunga Mas Lima, stationed 14 nautical miles away. Within an hour, a PASKAL team launched a counter-assault under the cover of darkness, capturing the pirates following a brief firefight. Support came from a RMN 502 Squadron Fennec helicopter, which engaged the pirate mothership in a gunfight. In a separate incident, the KA Bunga Mas Lima thwarted an attack on the MT Stealth Eagle, another MISC-owned tanker, by firing warning shots at a pirate boat off the Yemeni coast. These actions highlighted the innovative use of a converted auxiliary ship to maintain a sustained naval presence aimed at effectively neutralising the piracy threat.
2009 to the present PERDANA MENTERI CLASS – DIESEL - ELECTRIC ATTACK SUBMARINES
Designated the PERDANA MENTERI class, the pair of Scorpene class boats are advanced diesel electric attack submarines [SSK]. These submarines feature an Albacoreshaped hull constructed from high-strength HLES-80 steel, optimised for deep-sea pressure resistance and stealth. Their cross-configuration tail plane and fin-mounted hydroplanes provide exceptional underwater maneuverability. Propulsion relies on a seven-blade skewed propeller paired with four stern rudders for maximum hydrodynamic efficiency. Safety is prioritised through a cofferdam section with watertight, pressure-tight bulkheads, enhancing survivability in emergencies.
KD TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
KD TUN ABDUL RAZAK
The submarines’ sonar suite includes a passive flank array sonar, active/ passive hull-mounted sonar, and high-resolution mine avoidance sonar. The SUBTICS (Submarine Tactical Integrated Combat System) integrates multifunction consoles, a tactical table, and a high-speed LAN for seamless data processing. Observation systems include a Thales CKO-48 search/ attack periscope and a CMO-10 optronic mast with advanced imaging and navigation sensors. Navigation relies on a Northrop Grumman PL41 Mk4 Mod1 RLG inertial system and a DR3000 ESM suite. Armed with six 533mm torpedo tubes, the submarines can deploy Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes for anti-submarine warfare and SM-39 Exocet missiles for long-range anti-ship strikes. Rescue readiness is ensured with STANAG 1297-compliant hatches and DSRV compatibility.The RMN operates two units: KD TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN, commissioned on January 27, 2009, and KD TUN ABDUL RAZAK, commissioned on November 5, 2009.
2015 to the present KA TUN AZIZAN – NAVAL AUXILIARY SHIP
A collaboration agreement with Petroliam Nasional Berhad [PETRONAS], Malaysian Marine Heavy Engineering [MMHE], and the Malaysian International Shipping Corporation [MISC] in 2014 led to the Tun Azizan, a cargo ship, being converted into a naval auxiliary ship. This was part of the RMN’s sea-basing concept, aimed at improving its ability to maintain a presence in the Eastern Sabah Security Command [ESSCOM] operating area. Launched in 2015, the 8,000-tonne ship received several modifications: a helicopter deck, communications equipment, and additional accommodation areas.
2016 to the present MV MEGA BAKTI –
SUBMARINE ESCAPE AND RESCUE INTERVENTION SHIP
The MV MEGA BAKTI, an 80-metre Submarine Escape and Rescue Intervention ship enables a submarine rescue capability. Equipped with a Triton remotely operated vehicle [ROV], an Emergency Ventilation & Decompression System, and other equipment able to be operated up to 650 metres, this ship is operated under a contract awarded to a private company. In 2016, the MV MEGA BAKTI was certified by the United States Navy [USN] as ‘an approved commercial vessel of opportunity’, enabling her to perform rescues on U.S submarines. In addition to participating in the search for the KRI NANGGALA, the MV MEGA BAKTI has also participated in rescue exercises held abroad.
2018 to the present GAGAH SAMUDERA CLASS – TRAINING SHIPS
The GAGAH SAMUDERA class training ships were acquired by the RMN in 2010 to enhance its training capabilities. Built using pre-fabricated blocks in South Korea, the ships were assembled in Malaysia. The first ship, KD GAGAH SAMUDERA, launched in December 2012, followed by KD TEGUH SAMUDERA in February 2013. Both were commissioned in April 2018 and are assigned to the 27th Training Squadron. With a displacement of 1,200 tonnes, a length of 75.9 meters, a beam of 13.65 meters, and a draft
KD GAGAH SAMUDERA [271]
KD TEGUH SAMUDERA [272]
of 3.5 meters, they are powered by two MAN 8L21/31 diesel engines, providing 3,800 kW and a maximum speed of 20 knots. Each ship is equipped with a 30mm autocannon for basic gunnery training, along with I-Band and E/F-Band SharpEye radars and an Integrated Bridge System. The ships also feature a helicopter deck for aviation training. Accommodating up to 60 trainees, they serve as versatile platforms for seamanship, navigation, and basic combat training.
2020/22 to the present FAST INTERCEPTOR CRAFT MK.1/2 – FAST COMBAT BOAT
As part of Operation BENTENG which was aimed at preventing the illegal entry of foreigners during the COVID-19 pandemic, a contract was awarded for six Fast Interceptor Craft Mk1s in 2020, followed by a follow-up order for 13 Mk2s in 2022. The Mk1s are powered by twin MAN 1550 hp engines and Hamilton HM461 water jets, while the Mk2s feature twin MAN V12 1650 hp engines and Hamilton HTX42 water jets, offering slightly higher speeds.
The equipment fit includes a Escribano Sentinel 2.0 remote weapons station (RWS) with an independent gyro-stabilised sight and automatic target tracking, a Chanik 12.7mm HMG, navigation radar, FLIR, AIS, and UHF/VHF radios. Displacing 26 tonnes, the G2000 FICs have an aluminium hull and superstructure, a 4.6-meter beam, and a length of 18 meters.
2020 — 2022 to the present KERIS CLASS – LITTORAL MISSION SHIP
As part of the RMN's #15to5 Transformation Programme the Littoral Mission Ship (LMS) was designed to replace aging and maintenance-heavy assets. The LMS is intended for operations in littoral environments, performing 80% of the roles of the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). In March 2017, a contract was awarded to Boustead Naval Shipyard for the delivery of four LMSs, with all ships being constructed at the Wuchang Shipyard in China under an agreement with the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation. KD KERIS WAS commissioned in January 2020 followed by KD SUNDANG in March 2021, KD BADIK October 2021 and KD RENCONG on January 2022.
The LMS is armed with a CS/AN3 30mm mount and two CS LM6 HMGs. It is equipped with a Nanjing Marine Radar Institute SR2405 air and surface search radar, Sperry Marine Vision Master FT 250 navigation radar, a Southwest Institute of Electronic Equipment ESM, and a Huazhong Institute OFC-3 electrooptical tracking device. At the stern, the ships have a pair of RHIBs which can be recovered via stern mounted ramps. It is armed with a 30mm mount at the A position, equipped with High Explosive Target Practice and Armour Piercing Tracer rounds. All four ships are operated by the 11th LMS Squadron at Teluk Sepanggar.
KD KERIS [111]
KD SUNDANG [112]
KD BADEK [113]
KD RENCONG [114]
2022 to the present SCANEAGLE – UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS
The RMN’s need for an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) capability was fulfilled with the delivery of 12 ScanEagle drones through the U.S. Maritime Security initiative under the Building Partner Capacity Programme. Along with the ScanEagles, the RMN received launchers, skyhooks, and ground control stations. To operate the ScanEagle, the RMN established 601 Squadron at Teluk Sepanggar.
The ScanEagle, the RMN’s first UAS, has significantly enhanced its Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, providing 24-hour real-time surveillance of the maritime domain. As a force multiplier, it also proves valuable in Search and Rescue (SAR) and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations and can be utilised in non-maritime environments. The experience gained by the RMN in operating ScanEagles will serve as a key foundation for its future growth as a UAS operator.
2022 to the present Leonardo AW139
The Royal Malaysian Navy enhanced its maritime aviation capabilities with the induction of the Leonardo AW139 Maritime Operations Helicopters into the 503 Squadron at the Kota Kinabalu Naval Base, Sabah, on July 1, 2022. Acquired through a five-year agreement signed in 2020 with Galaxy Aerospace Sdn. Bhd., the RMN received three AW139 helicopters designed for maritime surveillance, enforcement, Special Forces support, Over The Horizon Targeting (OTHT), search and rescue (SAR), medical evacuations, and humanitarian aid operations.
The AW139 features advanced systems such as the Telephonic RDR 1700A Radar, FLIR Wescam MX-10, Trakka Beam A800 Search Light, and Fast Roping Insertion and Extraction System. Its communication suite includes VHF, UHF, HF systems, and Maritime CH16, while its armaments consist of 12.7mm and 7.62mm machine guns. The helicopter can fly up to 3 hours at 167 knots, carrying 4 crew members and 8 passengers, enabling rapid response to maritime threats and emergencies.
Operational capabilities are enhanced with the Mission Console (MC), a tactical workstation for the Air Tactical Officer or Mission Commander. Configured with the Telephonic 1700A Radar, Wescam
MX-10 FLIR, Skyforce Observer D-MAP, and Avalex DVAR playback, the MC displays mission data on a 21.5-inch HD screen with multiple display modes and Picture-In-Picture (PIP) functionality. This system improves real-time data analysis and situational awareness, ensuring precise execution of warfare tasks like missile targeting and maritime surveillance.
However, on April 23, 2024, an AW139 from the 503 Squadron tragically collided mid-air with an AS555SN Fennec helicopter from the 502 Squadron during a rehearsal at the Lumut Naval Base. The incident claimed ten lives, underscoring the inherent risks of military aviation despite the AW139’s advanced capabilities.
FUTURE RMN FORCE STRUCTURE 2040
The RMN’s #15to5 Transformation Programme, launched in 2017, was designed to address fleet inefficiencies by consolidating its 15 ship classes into 5 classes. The aim was to optimize resources, streamline operations, and improve overall operational readiness in response to evolving maritime threats. However, due to shifts in the geostrategic landscape, financial constraints, and emerging industry challenges, adjustments were necessary to the original plan formulated five years ago. In response to these changes, the RMN initiated the #15to5 Transformation Programme Re-Alignment (Platform) in 2024, which outlines a more adaptable and forwardlooking fleet structure. This comprehensive plan, projected for completion by 2040, spans across four Malaysia Plans (12th to 15th), ensuring the fleet’s modernization and long-term sustainability. The updated structure includes:
• 4 Submarines
• 12 Littoral Combat Ships (LCS)
• 18 Patrol Vessels/Corvettes
• 18 Littoral Mission Ships (LMS)
• 3 Multi-Role Support Ships (MRSS)
• 2 Hydrographic Survey Vessels
• 4 Mine Countermeasure Vessels (MCMV)
• 2 Training Ships
• 1 Sail Training Ship
Additionally, advanced assets like anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and mine disposal vehicles (MDVs) are integral to the plan, serving as force multipliers.
This transformation reflects Malaysia’s commitment to enhancing maritime defence, operational flexibility, and technological capabilities. It represents a long-term vision to modernise and streamline the navy, ensuring it can meet evolving security challenges.
CHAPTER 3
Evolvement of Naval Bases
WOODLANDS NAVAL BASE – 1949
Until the late 1970s, the RMN’s main naval base was still Woodlands, home to its fleet and administrative, logistics and training infrastructure. Maintenance and overhauls for RMN ships were performed mainly at Sembawang and Jurong. Even after the base in Lumut was officially commissioned in 1979, Woodlands remained the RMN’s main base, even though Singapore had ceased being part of the Federation of Malaysia for almost 2 decades. Towards the end of 1979, RMN units in Woodlands started relocating to Lumut, beginning with KD PELANDOK.
By the early 1980s, the only RMN facility still based in Woodlands was the Recruit Training Centre. Another base in Singapore occupied by the RMN was Camp Khatib in Sembawang, home to the Recruits Training Establishment (initial recruit training), which was handed back to Singapore in 1982. As the birthplace of the RMN; Woodlands has historical significance and is considered the RMN’s spiritual home. A former Royal Air Force (RAF) wireless station, Woodlands housed the prewar Royal Navy Malay Section and was inaugurated as a Royal Malayan Naval Base on 19th November 1949.
Royal Malayan Naval Base; Woodlands; 1958
MALAYSIAN BASE JETTY – 1966
Royal Malaysian Navy Ruthenia Jetty, 1965/66
Renamed HMMS MALAYA in the early 1950s, further construction was undertaken at the base in later years, including a 2nd jetty, the Malaysian Base Jetty (MBJ), to handle the introduction of larger ships. Located on the banks of the Tebrau Straits, to the right of the causeway (when viewed from Singapore), the location of the Woodlands base required RMN ships heading to sea to pass the Johore coast on their port side.
HMMS MALAYA – 1953
The Woodlands Naval Base, upon its handover to the Malayan Naval Force (MNF), consisted of several key facilities essential for naval operations and development. By 1953, the barracks were completed, providing accommodation for naval personnel. Additionally, the base housed various buildings dedicated to administrative, training, and support functions, forming the backbone of the Royal Malayan Navy’s (later Royal Malaysian Navy) operational infrastructure. The Ruthenia Jetty was also a significant feature, serving as a crucial point for docking and naval logistics.
RMN PRESENCE IN SARAWAK, NORTH BORNEO & LABUAN – 1963
At Malaysia's formation, the only naval bases in Sarawak, North Borneo, and Labuan were in Labuan, Tawau, and Rejang. Labuan was the most developed, with berthing, maintenance, and permanent facilities. After the Confrontation, the RMN took control of Sabah and Sarawak waters.
KD SRI REJANG – 1964
Defence Minister Abdul Taib Mahmud officially commissioned KD SRI REJANG on 28 March 1978. KD SRI REJANG operated as a part of the Rejang Area Security Command (RASCOM) in the 3rd Division Area Security Command (3rd DASC), based in Sibu. For operational purposes the base was under RASCOM which formed in 1972 but adminstratively it was under Commander Naval Region 2.
Located at Simpang Tiga on the banks of the Rejang River; the base was initially home to the Resident Naval Officer (RNO) which was established in 1964; comprising a British officer and fifty other ranks. It was upgraded to a full fledged base in 1976 and relocated to Sungai Antu. The operation area included Sibu, Kanowit, Song, Durin, Sarikei and Binatang (Bintangor).
The base was to aid the Malaysian Armed Forces, especially the Army, in fighting the intrusion by the Indonesian war voluntary troops and guerrillas who infiltrated Sarawak after the military confrontation in early 1963. The conflict between Malaysia and Indonesia ended on 11 August 1966. After the confrontation, the primary role of the base was switched to give operation support, especially to the Army
and the Police Jungle Squad of the Royal Malaysian Police. During the 2nd Emergency, KD REJANG was crucial in supporting counter-insurgency efforts against the North Kalimantan Communist Party/Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara. It also housed Landing Craft Personnel (LCP), Landing Craft Mechanised (LCM), and Riverine Craft Patrol (RCP) fleets. KD REJANG was also a rest and maintenance stop for ships headed
to other parts of East Malaysia. The Sarawak Communist Insurgency era ended after the peace agreement was signed on 17 October 1990 between North Kalimatan Communist Party/Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara and the Malaysian government. After the insurgency ended in Sarawak, the base was closed on 3 November 1991, followed by the dissolution of Rejang Area Security Command (RASCOM) in April 1995.
KD SRI REJANG; Simpang Tiga ship’s company; 1969
KD SRI LABUAN – 1966
Officiated on 16th May 1966 by the Honourable Deputy Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak bin Hussein, the base was home to Naval Officer In Charge East Malaysia [NOICEM], which in 1968 was redesignated Commander Naval Force East Malaysia [CNFEM]. On 1st September 1968, NOICEM was redesignated Commander Naval Forces East Malaysia [COMNAV EAST], and on 1st March 1996 became the headquarters of Commander Naval Region 2 [HQ COMNAV 2].
KD SRI TAWAU – 1970
Given that much of the naval activity in East Malaysia during the Confrontation was centred on Sabah’s east coast, Tawau played a vital role. Like Labuan, it was indispensable as a base for RMN ships and those from the RN, RAN and RNZN. KD SRI TAWAU was officially commissioned on 4th December; 1970 by Tun Datu Haji Mustafa bin Datu Harun. It was temporarily closed on 26th June 2009 to make way for a redevelopment project, which included the TAWAU Naval Reserve Force.
ROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVY HEADQUARTERS – 1958
The Royal Malaysian Navy Headquarters began its operations in 1958 on Brockman Road, Kuala Lumpur, marking the start of a strategic evolution in national defense. In 1960, the establishment of the first Ministry of Defence building on Jalan Padang Tembak laid the foundation for a more suitable defense infrastructure. By 1967, a six-block complex was constructed to meet the growing needs of the Ministry. Today, the Navy Headquarters occupies two floors of the strategically located 20-storey Wisma Pertahanan, completed in 1985, symbolising Malaysia’s commitment to strengthening its defense capabilities in an increasingly complex maritime environment.
The 4-storey Ministry of Defence building; 1967
The current 20-storey Ministry of Defence building
The Chief of Navy and his Deputy are supported by various departments located on the 16th and 17th floors of Wisma Pertahanan. These departments ensure the effective functioning of the Royal Malaysian Navy and are as follows:
• Human Resource Division
• Secretariat Division
• PROTELA Division
• Legal Division
• Naval Intelligence Division
• Operations and Training Division
• Material Division
• Engineering Division
• Planning Development and Strategy Division
• Cyber and Electromagnetic Division
• Strategic Communication Division
• Inspectorate General Division
The RMN Naval Air Headquarters is located at Lumut Naval Base. In the Klang Valley, units reporting directly to RMN HQ include KD SRI GOMBAK (serving as the local garrison) and PUSMAS TLDM (RMN Sea Power Centre).
TANJUNG GELANG NAVAL BASE – 1981
The Tanjung Gelang Naval Base was strategically established in response to the shifting geopolitical landscape of Southeast Asia, particularly political upheavals in Indo-China and the resulting refugee crisis. The Malaysian government recognised the need to bolster defence capabilities along the vulnerable east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Completed in 1975, the base became a vital asset for projecting power and securing Malaysia’s maritime interests in the region. On 1st January 1981, Tanjung Gelang assumed a more prominent role as the headquarters of Naval Region 1, previously located at Woodlands.
The precursor to this command was the HQ, Naval Office-in-Charge West Malaysia, which later evolved into the HQ, Commander Naval Forces West Malaysia. This move was part of the broader effort to enhance naval coordination, given the strategic importance of the region. The official inauguration on 28th October 1985 by His Royal Highness Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al Musta’in Billah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al Mu’adzam Shah, the Sultan of Pahang marked the completion of a critical naval infrastructure project, fortifying Malaysia’s regional defence posture and maritime sovereignty; overseeing operations across the east coast.
NAVAL AREA 1 HEADQUARTERS
Fleet:
• 1st FAC (M) Squadron
• 2nd FAC (M) Squadron
• 17th PV Squadron Units:
• Sri Kuantan [base garrison]
• Naval Area 1 Ammunition and Explosive Depot
• Naval Area 1 Logistics Depot
• Kuantan Naval Provost
LUMUT NAVAL BASE – 1982
The expansion of the RMN resulted in an acute need for an expanded shore support infrastructure. In line with this, the government established a naval base in Lumut, Perak. The location was selected due to its extensive area [approximately 1,800 acres] and a natural harbour with suitable depth, enabling strategic access to the Straits of Melaka. Construction works commenced following a feasibility study in May 1972 with assistance from the German Ministry of Defence. Although a German firm, F.H Kocks K.G, conducted the preliminary 128 design, the overall design and construction of the
base, including the co-located Naval Dockyard, was performed by Thyssen Rheinsthal Technic GNDS. Carried out in stages, construction was completed in 1982.
The first to relocate to Lumut from Woodlands was the Fleet Supply Depot in 1981, a year before construction was officially completed. Next to arrive was KD MALAYA in 1984, followed by KD PELANDOK in 1997. As the RMN’s most extensive base, Lumut became home to various other facilities/shore establishments in subsequent years.
During its early construction in the 80s
WESTERN FLEET COMMAND HEADQUARTERS
Location: Lumut Naval Base
Command:
• Naval Area 1 Headquarters [Tanjung Gelang, Pahang]
• Naval Area 3 Headquarters [Pulau Langkawi, Kedah]
• Lumut Naval Base Headquarters
• Western Naval Logistics Headquarters
Fleet:
• 23rd Frigate Squadron
• 21st Frigate Squadron
• 22nd Corvette Squadron
• 24th Corvette Squadron
• 31st MPCSS Squadron
• 26th MCM Squadron
• 501 Squadron
• 502 Squadron
Units:
• KD RAJAWALI
• Station Pulau Jarak
• RMN Communications Station Sitiawan
• RMN Communications Station Parit
• RMN Communications Station Lumut [Located in Western Fleet Command Headquarters building]
NAVAL TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND HEADQUARTERS
Location: Lumut Naval Base Fleet:
• 27th Training Ship Squadron Units:
• KD SUTAN IDRIS I
[Basic and Advance Carrier Course Training Centre for officers]
• KD PELANDOK
[Basic and Advance Carrier Course Training Centre for other ranks]
• KD SULTAN ISMAIL
[Recruit Training Centre; located at Tanjung Pengelih; Johor]
• RMN Warfare and Doctrine Centre
[Equipped with tactical wargaming system]
• RMN Leadership Centre
[Leadership Training Centre]
LUMUT NAVAL BASE HEADQUARTERS
Location: Lumut Naval Base
Units:
• KD MALAYA [Base garrison]
• Lumut Naval Provost
• 96 Armed Forces Hospital Lumut
• Wisma Samudera [RMN Officers Mess]
WESTERN NAVAL LOGISTIC HEADQUARTERS
Location: Lumut Naval Base Units:
• Western Naval Ammunition and Explosive Depot
• Western Fleet Supply Depot
• Western Naval Support Depot
• Western Transport Maintenance Depot
• Western Fleet Maintenance Depot
• RMN Western Maintenance Overseer
NAVAL SPECIAL FORCES HEADQUARTERS
Location: Lumut Naval Base Units:
• KD PANGLIMA HITAM [Operations Centre]
• KD PANGLIMA GARANG [Special Force Training Centre}
• KD SRI SEMPORNA [Forward Operations Base, Semporna, Sabah]
SANDAKAN NAVAL BASE – 1994
Initial plans for a Forward Operations Base to support operations conducted off the eastern Sabahan coast were proposed by the RMN in 1988. By 1991, a decision was made to establish a base in the heart of Sandakan town on a strategically located site. Completed on 16th September 1994, the base was equipped with a jetty and a 4-story main building. The base was inaugurated as KD SRI SANDAKAN on 24th September 1996 by Defence Minister Dato’ Seri Syed Hamid bin Syed Jaafar Albar. HQ Naval Region 2, initially commanded from Labuan and later at Kota Kinabalu Naval Base, was shifted to Sandakan Naval Base upon HQ Eastern Fleet being established at Kota Kinabalu Naval Base on 27th April 2017.
NAVAL AREA 2 HEADQUARTERS
Fleet:
• 13th PC Squadron
• FAC (G)
• 33rd FTV Squadron Units:
• KD SRI SANDAKAN
• Naval Area 2 Logistics Depot
• PL Tun Sharifah Rodziah
• Sandakan Naval Provost
[Located in NAVAL AREA 2 COMMAND HEADQUARTERS building]
PULAU INDAH NAVAL BASE – 2005
The transformation of the Pulau Indah Naval Base into the National Hydrographic Centre (NHC) marked a pivotal advancement in Malaysia’s maritime development, establishing it as the nation’s foremost hub for hydrographic and oceanographic expertise. Initiated in 2002, the project reclaimed 50 hectares of mangrove land, with 23 hectares initially developed to include administrative buildings, printing and cartography facilities, dormitories, and a jetty. Completed on 15 April 2003, the NHC officially commenced operations on 15 October 2005, serving as the backbone of Malaysia’s hydrographic initiatives. The centre plays a critical role in producing accurate nautical charts, conducting oceanographic research, and providing essential data to ensure the safety of navigation and sustainable management of Malaysia’s maritime zones.
As a national centre for hydrography, the NHC supports both military and civilian maritime activities, enhancing Malaysia’s capacity to address regional and international hydrographic challenges. The addition of KD SULTAN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH (KD SAAS) for administrative oversight, formally commissioned on 19 December 2006 by His Royal Highness Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah, further streamlined its management. Additionally, the relocation of KD SRI KLANG, a reserve unit for reservists in the Klang Valley, reinforced the base’s strategic importance. Together, these components make the NHC a cornerstone of Malaysia’s maritime sovereignty and a leading authority in hydrographic services.
KD SULTAN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH
KOTA KINABALU NAVAL BASE – 2006
The establishment of the Kota Kinabalu Naval Base at Teluk Sepanggar in 2006 was a significant milestone for the RMN in East Malaysia. Before its completion in April 2006 and operational commencement on 2 June 2006, Labuan served as the primary RMN base in East Malaysia and housed the Commander of Naval Region 2 Headquarters. Teluk Sepanggar now serves as a critical hub, particularly with its facilities for submarine berthing, maintenance, and training, as well as being the headquarters for Malaysia’s submarine force. Its role and infrastructure underscore its importance as the second-largest RMN base after Lumut, in terms of area.
Strategically positioned at the northern tip of Borneo, the base offers direct access to the South China Sea, enhancing Malaysia’s ability to monitor and secure its maritime boundaries. It further solidified its importance with the establishment of the HQ Eastern Fleet on 27 April 2017, which took over operational and strategic functions previously managed by HQ Naval Region 2. Teluk Sepanggar’s extensive and modern infrastructure; as well as its strategic location underscore its role as a cornerstone of Malaysia’s eastern maritime defense strategy.
EASTERN FLEET COMMAND HEADQUARTERS
Command:
• Naval Area 2 Headquarters [Sandakan, Sabah]
• Eastern Naval Logistic Headquarters
• Kota Kinabalu Naval Base Headquarters Fleet:
• 6th FAC (G) Squadron
• 17th PV Squadron
• 11th LMS Squadron
• 1st FAC (M) Squadron
• Auxiliary Squardon
• 503 Squadron
• 601 Squadron Units:
• Kota Kinabalu Air Station
• KD SRI TAWAU
• RMN Communications Station Kota Kinabalu
• Resident Naval Office Kuching
KOTA KINABALU NAVAL BASE HEADQUARTERS
Location: Kota Kinabalu Naval Base Units:
• KD SRI KOTA KINABALU [Located in Kota Kinabalu Naval Base Headquarters building]
• Kota Kinabalu Naval Provost
• Kota Kinabalu Armed Forces Hospital
EASTERN NAVAL LOGISTIC HEADQUARTERS
Location: Kota Kinabalu Naval Base Units:
• Eastern Naval Ammunition and Explosive Depot
• Eastern Fleet Supply Depot
• Eastern Naval Support Depot
• Eastern Fleet Maintenance Depot
• RMN Eastern Maintenance Overseer [Labuan]
SUBMARINE FORCE HEADQUARTERS
Location: Kota Kinabalu Naval Base Units:
• Submarine Training Centre
• Submarine Squadron
LANGKAWI NAVAL BASE – 2007
The construction of the Langkawi Naval Base was a strategic initiative to enhance Malaysia’s ability to monitor and secure its northern and north-western waters. Launched in 2000, the base became fully operational on 1 April 2007, bolstering Malaysia’s maritime defense at the northern approaches to the Straits of Melaka. The base is home to KD SULTAN BADLISHAH, the Logistics Depot for Region 3, and serves as the headquarters for Naval Area 3, reflecting its vital role in regional naval operations.
While the Langkawi Naval Base serves as the primary hub, additional units such as the Northern Support Unit and the Resident Naval Office (RNO) in Penang also fall under the command of Naval Area 3, despite not being co-located. This decentralised structure allows for effective maritime coverage of the northern and western waters of Peninsular Malaysia, ensuring operational flexibility and the ability to respond swiftly to any potential threats in the area. The establishment of the Langkawi Naval Base underscores Malaysia’s commitment to safeguarding its maritime sovereignty and securing vital sea lanes.
NAVAL AREA 3 HEADQUARTERS
Units:
• KD SULTAN BADLISHAH
• Area Logistics Depot 3
• Langkawi Provost
[Located in Naval Area 3 Headquarters building]
• RMN Northern Support Unit
[Butterworth, Pulau Pinang]
• Resident Naval Office Penang
[George Town, Pulau Pinang]
JOHOR BAHRU NAVAL BASE – 2020
The Johor Bahru Naval Base, situated on a 47-acre site at Sungai Lunchoo, plays a strategic role in the RMN’s operational framework. Conceived to spearhead the expansion of the Royal Malaysian Navy Volunteer Reserves (RMNVR) into a full-fledged headquarters, its construction began on 20 December 2016, under the Build, Lease, Maintain, and Transfer project marking a new era in Malaysia’s naval defense infrastructure. The base became fully operational on 6 March 2020.
As the “Home of Naval Reservists,” the base serves as the nerve centre for the RMNVR, driving strategic initiatives in policy development, structural planning, and human resource management. It is integral
to building capacity and capability within the RMNVR, ensuring reservists are well-prepared for both peacetime roles including active deployment in maritime operations. The base’s role as an integrated training centre further reinforces its strategic importance, uniting reservists from 11 units nationwide for standardised basic and advanced training.
The Johor Bahru Naval Base represents a cornerstone of Malaysia’s maritime security strategy. Its strategic location near a key maritime gateway underscores its critical role in safeguarding Malaysia’s territorial waters and supporting the nation’s defense objectives.
NAVAL RESERVE FORCE HEADQUARTERS
Units:
• KD SRI PINANG
• KD SRI MANJUNG [Located in KD MALAYA building]
• KD SRI KLANG
• KD SRI MEDINI [Located in Naval Reserve Headquarters building]
• KD SRI LIKAS
• PSTL Kuantan
• PSTL Setiu
• PSTL Labuan [Located in RMN Eastern Maintenance Overseer building]
• PSTL Sandakan [Located in Naval Area 2 Headquarters building]
• PSTL Tawau [Located in KD SRI TAWAU building]
• PSTL Kuching [Located in RNO Kuching building]
Gracing Ceremony
On 27 September 2023, His Royal Highness, Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar, The Sultan and Sovereign Ruler of Johor Darul Ta’zim, presided over the historic opening and naming ceremony of the Johor Bahru Naval Base at the Naval Reserve Headquarters in Sungai Lunchoo. By signing the commemorative plaque, His Royal Highness symbolically affirmed the base’s critical role as a strategic headquarters for the Royal Malaysian Navy Volunteer Reserves (RMNVR). This milestone event underscored the base’s importance in bolstering Malaysia’s maritime defense capabilities and reaffirmed Johor’s position as a vital maritime hub.
The inauguration marked a significant chapter in the RMN’s ongoing efforts to strengthen its operational framework. It highlighted the commitment to building a resilient and efficient reserve force to support national defense objectives. By advancing the RMNVR’s readiness and operational excellence, the Johor Bahru Naval Base stands as a testament to Malaysia’s dedication to safeguarding its maritime sovereignty and addressing evolving security challenges in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape.
CHAPTER 4
Malaysianisation of The RMN
First RMN Captain-in-Chief (1960 – 1981)
His Royal Highness Sultan Sir Ismail ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim, the third Sultan of Johor, held the esteemed title of the first Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). His reign as Sultan of Johor spanned from 10 February 1960 to 10 May 1981. Sultan Sir Ismail’s association with the RMN symbolized the strong relationship between Johor and Malaysia’s maritime defense efforts, reflecting his enduring legacy in both state governance and national security.
Second RMN Captain-in-Chief (1981 – 1984)
His Royal Highness Sultan Iskandar ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail served as the second Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) from 11 May 1981, to 25 April 1984. Ascending as the 4th Sultan of Johor on 11 May 1981, His Royal Highness ruled until 21 January 2010. Sultan Iskandar’s tenure as Captain-in-Chief of the RMN exemplified his commitment to strengthening Malaysia’s maritime defense.
In addition to his role within the RMN, Sultan Iskandar held the esteemed position of the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 15 November 1984 to 25 April 1989. His leadership during this period reflected his dedication to national unity and security, further cementing his legacy as a pivotal figure in Johor’s and Malaysia’s history.
Third RMN Captain-in-Chief (1984 – 2001)
His Royal Highness Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj served as the third Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) from 26 April 1984 to 21 November 2001. He was the 8th Sultan of Selangor, beginning his reign on 3 September 1960, and played a significant role in enhancing Selangor’s prominence within Malaysia.
In addition to his contributions to the RMN, Sultan Salahuddin ascended to the position of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia on 26 April 1999, serving with distinction until his passing on 21 November 2001. His tenure as Captain-inChief and later as Malaysia’s King highlighted his steadfast commitment to national defense and unity, leaving a lasting legacy in both maritime and national leadership.
Fourth RMN Captain-in-Chief (2001
until present)
His Royal Highness Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Alhaj, the fourth Captain-in-Chief of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), assumed this esteemed position on 21 November 2001, and continues to serve in this role to this day. A true embodiment of maritime leadership, His Royal Highness is not only a sovereign but also an accomplished seafarer in his own right. His remarkable experience of circumnavigating the globe solo aboard the royal yacht JUGRA stands as a testament to his deep connection with the sea and his natural affinity for navigation. This personal achievement reinforces his credentials as a “born seaman,” and under his guidance, the RMN has flourished, benefitting from his hands-on knowledge of maritime affairs, ensuring Malaysia’s naval forces remain steadfast and resilient in an ever-changing global landscape. Sultan Sharafuddin’s blend of royal authority and seafaring expertise has positioned him as a revered figure in both the Royal Malaysian Navy and Malaysia’s broader maritime domain.
CHIEF OF NAVY
The role of the Chief of Navy has been integral to the development and success of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), and its evolution was shaped significantly by external assistance, especially from the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). While the Royal Navy (RN) initially played a crucial role in helping establish the foundations of the RMN, the RAN later became the principal mentor, assisting with the development of the Navy’s operational structure and capabilities. This shift occurred because Malaysia’s strategic location in the Asia-Pacific was of paramount importance to Australia’s long-term security and economic interests, prompting Australia to offer military assistance.
This move was welcomed by Britain, which, by the early 1970s, had shifted its focus to the Soviet threat in Europe and had withdrawn its military presence from Southeast Asia. For the newly independent RMN, the lack of adequate funding, manpower, and experience posed significant challenges. Additionally, much of the training and knowledge passed down by the RN had become outdated or was no longer relevant by the late 1950s. In response, in 1958, the Malayan government made a formal request
to Australia for a suitable officer to lead the RMN, marking the beginning of a long-standing relationship between the RMN and the RAN. During the period from 1958 to 1967, the RMN was commanded by three RAN officers: Captain W.J. Dovers, Captain A.M. Synnot, and Commodore A.N. Dollard. These officers, alongside the deployment of RAN personnel to serve as ship commanders, staff officers, and support staff, played a crucial role in the RMN’s operational development, especially during the period of the Konfrontasi (Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation). In addition to their command roles, RAN officers helped establish key institutions, such as the Malaysian Naval Intelligence Organisation, founded in 1965.
Training programmmes in Australia were also instrumental in building the expertise of RMN personnel. However, the turning point came in 1967, when the RMN appointed its first local Chief of Navy, marking a new phase of leadership and self-reliance for the Malaysian naval force. Since then, 15 Malaysian officers have held the position of Chief of Navy, guiding the RMN through various stages of development and ensuring its critical role in safeguarding Malaysia’s maritime interests over the past 57 years.
1ST CHIEF OF NAVY
COMMODORE E.D.NORMAN (1957 – 1960)
E.D. Norman, born on August 2, 1910, in Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England, played a pivotal role in the early development of the Royal Malayan Navy (RMN). Appointed as the Senior Officer of the Royal Malayan Navy in 1957, Norman was instrumental in shaping the direction of the Navy during its formative years.
In July 1958, a significant transition took place when the administration of the Royal Malayan Navy was transferred to the Federation of Malaya, marking a key moment in the nation’s postcolonial military restructuring. On this occasion, E.D. Norman’s leadership was recognized with a promotion to Commodore, and he was appointed to oversee the operations of the Royal Malayan Navy, based in Woodlands. His contributions were central to the Navy’s growth and its eventual evolution into the modern force it is today.
2ND CHIEF OF NAVY
CAPTAIN W.J. DOVERS, DSC ADC RAN (1960 – 1962)
Captain W.J. Dovers, a distinguished Royal Australian Navy (RAN) officer, succeeded as the Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (DCOSNAVY) of the Royal Malayan Navy (RMN). Dovers was the first Australian officer to command the RMN during its formative years. On July 14, 1960, a significant change was made to the structure of the RMN when the Armed Forces Council re-designated the position of DCOS-NAVY to “Captain of the Navy,” reflecting the growing independence and leadership within the Malaysian naval forces.
During Captain Dovers’ tenure, the RMN made significant strides in its operational capabilities. Notably, under his leadership, the RMN acquired six KEDAH Class Patrol Crafts, a crucial addition to the fleet that enhanced the Navy’s ability to secure Malaysia’s maritime borders. Captain Dovers’ contributions helped solidify the foundations for the RMN’s continued development and its future successes.
3RD CHIEF OF NAVY
COMMODORE A.M. SYNNOT, ADC RAN (1962 – 1965)
Captain A.M. Synnot, another Australian naval officer, assumed command as Captain of the Navy on July 14, 1962, during a crucial period in the RMN’s early development. Following the formation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963, the position of Captain of the Navy was re-designated to Chief of Naval Staff, marking a significant shift in the structure of the RMN. Captain Synnot was promoted to Commodore and became the first Chief of Naval Staff of the newly established Royal Malaysian Navy.
Synnot’s leadership came at a pivotal moment in Malaysia’s history, as the nation was drawn into the Konfrontasi shortly after its formation. Recognising the urgent need to strengthen the RMN for national defense, Synnot immediately focused on preparing the Navy for the challenges ahead. To address the shortage of personnel, he called up officers and ratings from the Royal Malaysian Navy Volunteer Reserves (RMNVR) for full-time service. He also prioritised expanding the fleet to ensure the RMN could effectively safeguard the nation’s maritime borders and contribute to the defense efforts.
Under Synnot’s command, the RMN not only faced the challenges of a young nation embroiled in conflict but also laid the foundations for the Navy’s future growth and operational readiness. His leadership played a crucial role in steering the RMN through its formative years, ensuring that the Navy was equipped and prepared to meet the demands of a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.
4TH CHIEF OF NAVY
COMMODORE A.N. DOLLARD, PSC RAN (1965 – 1967)
Commodore A.N. Dollard was appointed Chief of Naval Staff of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) in March 1965, succeeding Commodore A.M. Synnot. Dollard, an experienced naval officer, was commissioned in 1953 at the Royal Australian Naval College. His distinguished service included earning the prestigious Legion of Merit Degree for Officers from the United States, highlighting his significant contributions to naval operations on the international stage.
As the last foreign officer to command the RMN, Dollard’s leadership marked a crucial phase in the Navy’s development. His tenure came at a time when the RMN was transitioning into a fully independent force, and he played a key role in guiding the Navy through its formative years. Under his command, the RMN continued to strengthen its capabilities, enhance its operational readiness, and expand its fleet to better defend Malaysia’s maritime borders.
Dollard’s expertise and experience, combined with his role in advising the Malaysian government on naval matters, helped shape the future direction of the RMN. His leadership ensured that the Navy remained effective in its duties, even as the nation faced growing security challenges. After his tenure, the RMN moved towards greater self-reliance, with the appointment of local officers to lead the Navy in the years that followed.
5TH CHIEF OF NAVY
REAR ADMIRAL TAN SRI DATO’ SERI K THANABALASINGAM
(1 December 1967 – 31 December 1976)
Rear Admiral Tan Sri Dato’ Seri K.Thanabalasingam, a name forever etched in the annals of the Royal Malaysian Navy, ascended to the helm of the RMN on December 1, 1967, as the first Malaysian to serve as Chief of Navy.
At a mere 31 years of age, he became the youngest ever to hold this prestigious office, a remarkable feat that remains unrivalled to this day. Born in Kuala Lumpur, Admiral Thanabalasingam’s destiny was shaped early as he embarked on his naval journey in 1955, joining the Navy after his education at the esteemed Victoria Institution.
His naval training took him across the seas to the storied Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth, UK, where he forged the skills that would define his illustrious career. He served with distinction aboard RN ships HMS CHICHESTER and HMS CAVALIER, and held key commands aboard Malaysian ships, including KD MAHMIRU, KD SRI PAHANG, KD SRI KELANTAN, and KD HANG TUAH. His ascent through
the ranks was as steady as it was swift, each posting preparing him for the monumental responsibilities that lay ahead. Upon assuming command of the RMN, Admiral Thanabalasingam proved himself a visionary leader. He steered the Navy through a pivotal transformation, preparing it to defend Malaysia’s waters independent of the Royal Navy. Under his watch, the Malaysianisation of top naval positions was realized, and the Navy’s fleet was modernized and expanded to meet the demands of a sovereign nation.
His bold decision to relocate the Navy’s headquarters from Singapore to Lumut, Perak, marked a decisive moment in the Navy’s history, as did his establishment of vital maritime relations with regional forces.
His crowning achievement was the strategic development of the Tanjung Gelang Naval Base, a symbol of his foresight and indomitable spirit. After nine remarkable years, Admiral Thanabalasingam retired on January 1, 1977, leaving a legacy as enduring as the sea he so faithfully served.
6TH CHIEF OF NAVY
VICE ADMIRAL DATO’ MOHD ZAIN MOHD SALLEH (1 January 1977 – 31 January 1986)
The late Vice Admiral Dato’ Mohd Zain Mohd Salleh, the second Malaysian to be appointed Chief of the Navy on January 1, 1977, left an indelible mark on the RMN. Born and raised in Chemor, Perak, he joined the Navy in 1955 and became part of the pioneer batch of officer cadets sent to Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC), Dartmouth, UK, for training. A product of Anderson School in Ipoh, Zain’s naval journey began in earnest when he completed his training in 1958 and was assigned to key vessels, including HMS ST BRIDES BAY, KD MAHMIRU, and KD SRI NEGERI SEMBILAN.
Zain went on to command KD SRI TERENGGANU, leading the ship on its return voyage from Portsmouth, UK, to Malaysia. He also commanded KD TAHAN during the Konfrontasi in 1966 and served in crucial roles as Executive Officer (XO) on KD RAHMAT and later as Captain of KD HANG TUAH in 1969. By 1971, he was promoted to Captain and appointed Director of Operations at Navy HQ, marking the beginning of his ascent through the ranks. As Deputy Chief of Navy
in 1974, he was later promoted to Rear Admiral and became Chief of Navy in 1977. Four years later, he was promoted to Vice Admiral when the rank of Chief of Navy was upgraded.
Vice Admiral Zain’s tenure as Chief of Navy was marked by a series of significant contributions to the RMN’s development and operational success. He oversaw the opening and operationalisation of the Lumut and Tanjung Gelang naval bases, pivotal in enhancing Malaysia’s naval capabilities. He successfully led maritime operations to control the influx of Vietnamese refugees in the South China Sea and played a key role in the campaign against communist insurgents in Sarawak’s rivers. Under his leadership, the Navy’s budget was increased to procure essential assets, fortifying its readiness.
Upon retiring from the Navy, Vice Admiral Zain was appointed Malaysia’s High Commissioner to New Zealand from 1986 to 1989, further solidifying his legacy of service and leadership.
7TH CHIEF OF NAVY
VICE ADMIRAL TAN SRI ABDUL WAHAB BIN HAJI NAWI (1 February 1986 – 30 October 1990)
Vice Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Wahab bin Haji Nawi, the third Malaysian Chief of Navy, hails from Batu Pahat, Johor. His naval career began on January 1, 1960, after completing his secondary education at the Federation Military College. He was sent to the prestigious Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, where he underwent cadet training. During his time in the UK, he served on various Royal Navy vessels patrolling the East Indies and Caribbean seas, gaining invaluable experience. Upon completing his training, Tan Sri Wahab was posted to KD SRI KELANTAN as Executive Officer (XO), and he famously sailed the ship back to Malaysia from Portsmouth in 1963. His career progressed steadily, marked by his attendance at the “Long Torpedo Anti-Submarine” course in India in 1967. His first command came in 1968 as Commanding Officer of KD KELEWANG. Following a successful tenure, he contributed to the KD RAHMAT project in the UK, before commanding KD JERAI and KD HANG TUAH.
After spending 11 years at sea, he transitioned to shore appointments, serving as the Staff Officer of Operations and then as Director of
Operations at Navy HQ. His outstanding performance saw him appointed as Malaysia’s Defence Attaché to the United States, where he served for two years and was promoted to Captain. After completing the Senior International Defence Course in the US, he was promoted to Commodore and appointed Deputy Chief of Navy in 1977. In 1981, he became the Fleet Operations Commander, and by 1982, he had risen to Rear Admiral.
On February 1, 1986, he succeeded the late Dato’ Mohd Zain as Chief of Navy. Over the course of his 30-year naval career, Tan Sri Wahab made numerous significant contributions, including the introduction of submarine policy and training, the acquisition of air capabilities with six WASP helicopters, and the establishment of a naval aviation branch. He also organized the International Royal Fleet Review and initiated the Freedom of Entry ceremony in Penang in 1990, as well as acquiring a Sail Training Ship for the RMN. His visionary leadership left an enduring legacy in the RMN.
8TH CHIEF OF NAVY
VICE ADMIRAL TAN SRI MOHD SHARIFF BIN aISHAK
(1 November 1990 – 12 October 1995)
The late Vice Admiral Tan Sri Mohd Shariff bin Ishak, the eighth Chief of Navy, was born on January 13, 1941, in Kampung Sungai Kecil, Penang. A product of the Federation Military College, where he excelled in his Senior Cambridge and Higher School Certificate exams, he joined the Navy on January 1, 1961. He was soon sent to the prestigious Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, for cadet training. While in the UK, he served aboard HMS MESSINA and HMS PALLISAR on NATO duties, covering waters from the Persian Gulf to Iceland.
After returning to Malaysia, he held various key appointments, including onboard KD SRI MELAKA, and KD LEDANG. He later commanded KD KRIS, KD BRINCHANG, and finally KD HANG TUAH. His shore assignments were just as distinguished, with roles such as RNO Kuching, KD SRI LABUAN, Directing Staff at the Malaysian Staff College, Staff Officer Personnel and Training, Director and Chief of Staff Operations and Plans, and Assistant Chief of Staff Personnel at Navy HQ.
In 1988, Tan Sri Shariff was appointed Deputy Chief of Navy, and in 1990, he rose to become Chief of Navy. His tenure saw several major achievements, including the successful acquisition and completion of two Multi-Purpose Command and Support Ships, two KASTURI Class Corvettes, and two Offshore Patrol Vessels. A strong advocate for joint operations, he spearheaded the Army-Navy exercise series, code-named WANRIF, aimed at improving interoperability between the two services.
He also played a pivotal role in promoting yachting within the RMN, inspiring many, including his two sons, who brought international honours to Malaysia. His leadership vision extended beyond the Navy, as he advocated for a Navy Admiral to assume the Chief of Defence Force position, initiating a shift in military thinking. Tan Sri Shariff’s legacy is one of strategic foresight, operational excellence, and fostering cross-service collaboration.
9TH CHIEF OF NAVY
VICE ADMIRAL TAN SRI DATO’ SERI AHMAD RAMLI BIN MOHD NOR (13 October 1995 – 13 October 1998)
Vice Admiral Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Ahmad Ramli bin Mohd Nor, born on April 14, 1944, in Ayer Tawar, Perak, began his naval journey on April 18, 1964, after completing his secondary education at Anderson School, Ipoh. He was then sent to the Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, for officer cadet training, where he excelled. After his commissioning on May 1, 1967, Vice Admiral Ahmad Ramli served aboard several vessels, including KD SRI PERLIS, KD RENCHONG, KD MUTIARA, KD PENDEKAR, and KD HANDALAN. He was also the Commanding Officer of KD GEMPITA and KD KASTURI. His shore appointments were equally distinguished, including roles as the base Welfare Officer of KD MALAYA, Staff Officer Operations, Assistant Training Officer in KD PELANDOK, Staff Officer Planning at Navy HQ, and Head of the Support Wing in KD PELANDOK.
Vice Admiral Ahmad Ramli attended prestigious courses such as the Riverine Warfare course in the US, the Naval Staff College in Indonesia, and the Naval Command and Management Course in the U.S. He furthered his education
with a Master of Arts degree in Strategy and Management from the U.S. and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard University in 1982.
In 1987, he became the Director of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Centre, a position he held until 1991, after which he served as the Deputy Chief of Navy. In 1994, he was appointed Fleet Operations Commander, before returning briefly to the Deputy Chief role. On October 13, 1995, he ascended to the prestigious post of the Chief of Navy.
As Chief of Navy, Vice Admiral Ahmad Ramli was pivotal in launching the Navy’s academic excellence program, enabling personnel to pursue higher education and vocational certifications. He also oversaw significant organizational reforms, infrastructure upgrades, and the establishment of new naval bases in Sepanggar and Langkawi. His tenure was marked by the procurement of new helicopters, leaving a lasting legacy in the advancement of the RMN.
10TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI DATO’ SERI ABU BAKAR BIN ABDUL JAMAL (14 October 1998 – 12 August 2002)
Admiral Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Abu Bakar bin Abdul Jamal, a distinguished officer in the RMN, began his naval career on November 30, 1964, after graduating from the Royal Military College. He was promptly sent to the Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, for officer cadet training. Upon commissioning on September 1, 1967, Admiral Abu Bakar served aboard various ships, including KD SRI SARAWAK, KD PERDANA, and KD HANG TUAH. He went on to command several vessels, such as KD JERONG, KD SRI PERAK, KD GANYANG, KD PERDANA, and KD KASTURI, where he notably served as the Project Leader in Kiel, Germany.
Admiral Abu Bakar was renowned for his dedication to officer training, demonstrating an exceptional passion for developing future leaders. His efforts to foster the growth of self-reliant officers during his tenure as Training Officer and Commanding Officer of KD PELANDOK earned him a lasting reputation. His expertise in human resource management was integral to the RMN, reflected in his appointments as Staff Officer of Human Resource Development, Staff Officer
Reserve, Director of Human Resources, and Assistant Chief of Staff Human Resources at Navy HQ. He also served as the Commander of Naval Area 1 before his elevation to Deputy Chief of the Navy in 1995 and later Chief of Navy in 1998.
A specialist in Gunnery, Admiral Abu Bakar expanded his knowledge through numerous prestigious courses, including the Training Technology Course and Staff Course in Australia, Staff Course in the UK, a sabbatical at Wolfson College, Cambridge University, the International Defence Management Course in the USA, and the Royal College of Defence Studies in the UK.
During his tenure as the Chief of Navy, Admiral Abu Bakar oversaw pivotal developments, such as the publication of the Maritime Defence Doctrine and Navy General Orders. He also played a crucial role in the acquisitions of Scorpène submarines, Super Lynx, and Fennec helicopters. In recognition of his exceptional service, he was promoted to Admiral on June 1, 2000, becoming the first Chief of the Navy to achieve this distinction.
11TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI MOHD RAMLY BIN ABU BAKAR (13 August 2002 – 12 August 2003)
The late Admiral Tan Sri Mohd Ramly bin Abu Bakar, the eleventh Chief of the Navy, was born on June 16, 1947, in Tampin, Negeri Sembilan. He began his naval career as a Regular Cadet at the Royal Military College on November 30, 1964, before proceeding to Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, for further training.
During his early years as an officer, Mohd Ramly held various key appointments, including serving aboard KD LEDANG and KD KRIS, both of which he later commanded. He was also involved in significant projects, such as the Fast Attack Craft Missile in Cherbourg, France, and the corvettes in Kiel, Germany. As the first Commanding Officer of KD LEKIR, he demonstrated exceptional leadership skills, and he later commanded KD HANG TUAH and KD PELANDOK.
A communication specialist by training, Admiral Mohd Ramly was known for his focus on clear, concise communication within the Navy. His leadership was marked by an emphasis on simple and direct lines of communication
between officers, which contributed to effective operations. His expertise in communications and electronics led to important roles at the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) Headquarters, where he served as the Assistant Chief of Staff for Communications and Electronics and later as the Assistant Chief of Staff for Defence Planning.
Throughout his career, Admiral Mohd Ramly held several prestigious positions, including Staff Officer Personnel, Staff Officer Naval Strategy, and Director of Plans at Navy HQ. He also served as the Chief of Staff at Fleet Operations Command and as Fleet Operations Commander. Promoted to Deputy Chief of Navy in 1999, he became the Chief of Navy in 2002. Admiral Mohd Ramly’s pursuit of excellence was evident in his training, with top-tier performance at BRNC, HMS EXCELLENT, HMS MERCURY, and the Naval War College. He later earned a Diploma and Degree in Politics from the University of Lancaster, followed by a Master of Arts in International Relations and Strategic Studies. His legacy as a visionary leader and strategic thinker continues to inspire the RMN.
12TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI DATO’ SRI MOHD ANWAR BIN HJ MOHD NOR (13 August 2003 – 27 April 2005)
Admiral Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Mohd Anwar bin Hj Mohd Nor was born on 12 March 1950 in Alor Gajah, Melaka. He joined the RMN on 1 August 1968, beginning his training at the Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK. Known for his athleticism, he represented both BRNC and the RMN in hockey, with his crowning achievement being his selection to represent Malaysia in the national team at the 1974 Asian Games in Tehran.
Anwar’s early career was marked by his commitment to professional development. He attended several specialisation course such as Navigation and Direction course and the first officer to attend the Principle Warfare Officer training in the UK. His academic qualifications include graduation from the US Naval Staff College, the Australian Joint Services Staff College, and the Naval Postgraduate School, along with a Master’s in Engineering Business Management from Warwick. His first sea appointment was as the Navigating Officer of KD JERAI, after which he contributed to the Fast Attack Craft Missile project in Cherbourg, France. Anwar commanded several ships during his career, including KD
PENDEKAR (FPB), KD KRIS, KD KERAMBIT, KD HANDALAN, and KD HANG TUAH. His leadership extended beyond ship commands, as he held significant appointments at Navy HQ, including Staff Officer of Human Resources, Director of Communications and Warfare, and Inspector General of the Navy.
As Captain, Anwar served as Aide-De-Camp to His Majesty Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Azlan Shah, and later became the Commander of Naval Area 2. He was also the first Navy Commandant of the Armed Forces Defence College. His rise through the ranks continued as he served as Fleet Operations Commander, Assistant Chief of Staff for Human Resources, and Deputy Chief of Navy. Anwar became the Chief of Navy on 13 August 2003, serving until 27 April 2005, during which he focused on modernising and branding the Navy. He was the first Chief of Navy to be appointed Chief of Defence Forces from 29 April 2005 until 2007. Under his leadership, the Coordinated Patrol for the Straits of Malacca was initiated, enhancing regional maritime security through collaboration between Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia.
13TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI ILYAS BIN HJ DIN (28 April 2005 – 15 November 2006)
Admiral Tan Sri Ilyas bin Hj Din was born in Alor Star, Kedah, on 12 March 1951. He completed his secondary education at the Royal Military College in 1969 and on 2 January 1970, joined the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). He proceeded to the Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) in Dartmouth, UK, for his officer cadet training.
His early naval career saw him serving on various ships, including KD SRI SARAWAK, KD RAHMAT, KD PERDANA, and KD HANG TUAH. He also became a member of the Spica ‘M’ Project Team in Sweden. His ship commands included KD SRI SELANGOR, KD GANAS, KD GEMPITA, and KD HANG TUAH. In addition to his operational roles, Admiral Ilyas pursued specialised training, including a Communication specialisation course in India. A distinguished graduate of the Class of 1989 at the Naval Command College in the United States, Admiral Ilyas further enhanced his career with nearly a decade in various training and leadership positions. He served as the Head of Officer’s Training School, Captain of Training, Commanding Officer, and ultimately as Training Commodore. His leadership
journey continued as he became the Commander of Naval Area 1 in 1998, Fleet Operations Commander in 2000, and Deputy Chief of Navy in 2003. On 28 April 2005, he was appointed the Chief of Navy, serving until 15 November 2006.
Apart from his professional achievements, Admiral Ilyas was known for his sporting achievements, including being a member of the BRNC soccer team. An avid reader, he had a particular interest in management and philosophy. He held a Post Graduate Diploma in Engineering Business Management from Warwick University. A strong advocate for Total Quality Management (TQM), Admiral Ilyas introduced the ISO9001:2000 certification programme within the RMN and championed the use of the Balanced Scorecard methodology for performance measurement, which supported the RMN’s Strategic Management Plan. His efforts in these areas earned the RMN multiple awards in TQM at various levels, and he was widely recognized for his vision and leadership in fostering a culture of excellence.
14TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI RAMLAN MOHAMED ALI (15 November 2006 – 31 March 2008)
Admiral Tan Sri Ramlan Mohamed Ali was a visionary leader whose career shaped RMN into a modern and strategically agile force. A graduate of the Royal Military College, he embarked on his naval journey at the Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC), Dartmouth, UK. Early in his career, he served aboard KD PANAH, KD BRINCHANG, KD RAJA JAROM, KD RAHMAT, and KD HANG TUAH. Later, he commanded KD SRI PERLIS and KD MUSYTARI, demonstrating exemplary leadership and operational acumen. He specialized in Long Navigation at INS VENDURUTHY, India, and as an International Principle Warfare Officer at HMS DRYAD, UK, further enhancing his strategic expertise. He also holds a Postgraduate Diploma and Master’s Degree in Engineering Business Management from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Warwick.
Admiral Ramlan’s career was distinguished by his leadership in transformative naval projects. He was instrumental in the Landing Ship Tank (USA) project, the Action Speed Tactical Trainer (UK) project, and the New Generation Patrol Vessel Program, cementing his reputation as a forward-thinking strategist. His contributions extended to human capital development as a training officer at KD
PELANDOK, where he shaped the next generation of naval leaders. Beyond the navy, he held pivotal positions at the Malaysian Armed Forces Headquarters, including DirectorGeneral of Operations and Training, Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations and Training, and Chief of Staff. In 2004, he was appointed the first Joint Force Commander, where he prioritized enhancing joint readiness and interoperability across Malaysia’s armed services, before being named Deputy Chief of Navy in 2005.
Appointed Chief of Navy on 15 November 2006, Admiral Ramlan focused on strengthening the RMN’s operational core: security, safety, and professionalism. His leadership saw the successful commissioning of KD KEDAH and KD PAHANG and the completion of Malaysia’s submarine program, enhancing maritime deterrence capabilities. Known for his meticulous attention to detail, he frequently conducted surprise inspections to ensure readiness and discipline. Admiral Ramlan’s legacy is defined by his unwavering dedication to excellence, strategic foresight, and transformative impact on Malaysia’s maritime defense, leaving an enduring blueprint for the RMN’s continued evolution.
15TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI DR ABDUL AZIZ BIN HAJI JAAFAR
(1 April 2008 – 17 November 2015)
Admiral Tan Sri Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Haji Jaafar, a prominent figure in the RMN, was born on May 7, 1956, in Sungai Udang, Melaka. A graduate of the Royal Military College, he began his naval career on December 21, 1974, at KD PELANDOK’s Sembawang Wing in Singapore, where he laid the foundation for an illustrious service spanning over four decades.
Throughout his naval career, Admiral Aziz held various sea and shore-based roles, exemplifying versatility and leadership. His sea commands included KD BAUNG, KD MUSYTARI, and KD LAKSAMANA MUHAMMAD AMIN, where he was also appointed as the Senior Officer Afloat. Notably, he was a commissioning crew member for four RMN ships: KD PAUS in Penang, KD SRI INDERA SAKTI in Bremen, KD KASTURI in Kiel, and KD LAKSAMANA MUHAMMAD AMIN in La Spezia, reflecting his integral role in the Navy’s modernization efforts. As a navigation specialist, Admiral Aziz honed his skills at HMS MERCURY in the UK and furthered his professional development through the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College and the U.S. Naval War College. His academic accomplishments include an Advanced Diploma in Management
Science from Malaysia’s National Institute of Public Administration and a Master’s in International Relations from Salve Regina University in the United States. Onshore, he served in pivotal roles, such as Chief of Staff at Fleet Operations Command, Commander of Naval Area 2, and Assistant Chief of Staff for Human Resources. In January 2006, he was appointed Fleet Operations Commander and later took on responsibilities as Assistant Chief of Staff for Defence Operations and Training at the Malaysian Armed Forces HQ. By November 15, 2006, he rose to become the Deputy Chief of the Navy.
Admiral Aziz achieved the pinnacle of his career on April 1, 2008, when he was promoted to Admiral and became the 15th Chief of Navy. During his seven-year tenure, he championed innovation and fostered a culture of excellence and unity. His leadership propelled the RMN to consistent victories in the Inter-Service Games, reflecting his ability to inspire resilience and teamwork. His enduring contributions left an indelible mark on Malaysia’s naval forces, ensuring their preparedness and strategic relevance in the region.
16TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI AHMAD KAMARULZAMAN BIN HJ AHMAD BADARUDDIN
(18 November 2015 – 29 November 2018)
Admiral Tan Sri Ahmad Kamarulzaman bin Hj Ahmad Badaruddin, born on 31 March 1959 in Sungai Besi, Selangor, rose to prominence as a transformative leader in the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). Growing up in a military family, he was instilled with a commitment to excellence, which he demonstrated academically at the Royal Military College. His pursuit of professional development saw him completing specialized training in Surface Warfare in the USA and as a Principle Warfare Officer in the UK. He further honed his strategic capabilities at the US Naval Staff College and the Malaysian Armed Forces Defence College and earned a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the University of Strathclyde, UK.
Admiral Kamarulzaman’s sea service began aboard KD KELEWANG, KD SRI SABAH, KD PERDANA, KD HANG TUAH, and KD PERKASA. He later commanded the frigate KD JEBAT from 2000 to 2002, where his leadership set a benchmark for operational excellence. His notable shore appointments included being part of the Frigate Project Team in Glasgow, Director of Planning and Strategy at Navy HQ, and Assistant Chief of Staff for Planning and Operations. He was the first
Naval Region 2 Commander in Kota Kinabalu, Fleet Operations Commander, Chief of Joint Forces, and Deputy Chief of Navy. These roles laid the groundwork for his appointment as the 16th Chief of Navy on 18 November 2015.
During his tenure as Chief of Navy, Admiral Kamarulzaman spearheaded several landmark initiatives that redefined the RMN’s strategic and operational capabilities. Chief among them was the RMN’s #15-to-5 Transformation Programme, an ambitious restructuring plan to modernize and streamline the fleet for maximum operational effectiveness. He also established the Tun Sharifah Rodziah Sea Base and KA Tun Azizan, an auxiliary ship serving as a forward operating base, enhancing maritime security, particularly in the Eastern Sabah region. Additionally, he introduced the K3M mobile application, a digital innovation designed to facilitate rapid assistance to the maritime community. Admiral Kamarulzaman’s visionary leadership, innovative contributions, and unwavering dedication have left an indelible mark on the RMN, ensuring its readiness to meet evolving maritime challenges. His legacy is one of transformation, innovation, and unyielding dedication.
17TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI MOHD REZA BIN MOHD SANY (30 November 2018 – 26 January 2023)
Admiral Tan Sri Mohd Reza bin Mohd Sany, born on 13 August 1963 in Kuala Lumpur, has played a transformative role in the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). A product of the Royal Military College, he joined the Navy on 1 May 1981 and specialized as a gunner after completing the Long Gunnery Course at INS DRONACHARYA, India. His professional development included the International Crisis Management Course in Kuala Lumpur, the US Naval Command Course at the Naval War College in Rhode Island, and a Master of Science in Defence and Strategic Studies from the National Defence University in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Admiral Mohd Reza’s extensive career saw him excel in various operational and strategic roles. At sea, he commanded KD LEKIU, while ashore he served in critical appointments such as Commander of Naval Region 1, Joint Force Commander, and Assistant Chief of Staff for Human Resources and Plans and Operations. His role as Aide De-Camp to the 14th Yang DiPertuan Agong further highlighted his versatility. In 2018, he became Deputy Chief of Navy before ascending as the 17th Chief of Navy on 30 November 2018.
During his tenure as Chief of Navy, Admiral Mohd Reza prioritized innovation and capability enhancement. He revived Exercise Taming Sari after a five-year pause, demonstrating operational prowess with successful missile firings, including the Exocet MM40 Block II and Sea Skua. Under his leadership, the RMN commissioned four Littoral Mission Ships (LMS) and 11 Fast Interceptor Crafts to its inventory, significantly enhancing maritime security. A strong advocate for local ingenuity, he spearheaded the pioneering of an indigenous combat management system for Fast Attack Crafts, laying the foundation for technological self-reliance in naval systems.
Further achievements include the establishment of the 601 Unmanned Aerial Squadron (UAS), Kota Kinabalu Air Station, and Squadron 503, bolstering surveillance and operational capability. His strategic foresight also led to the acquisition of Leonardo AW139 Maritime Operations Helicopters in 2022, ensuring the RMN’s adaptability in modern maritime warfare. Admiral Mohd Reza’s leadership was marked by a relentless commitment to advancing RMN capabilities, fostering innovation, and securing Malaysia’s maritime interests, leaving an indelible legacy of strategic transformation.
18TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL TAN SRI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN AYOB
(27 January 2023 – 31 July 2024)
Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Rahman bin Ayob, born on 2 December 1964 in Johor Bahru, has been a key architect in the strategic transformation of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). Commissioned in 1984 as a Sub Lieutenant, Admiral Rahman quickly distinguished himself as a specialist in submarine warfare, earning his Submarine Qualification Badge in 1993 at HMAS PLATYPUS, Australia. His further studies in Sweden, France, and with AGOSTA-class submarines in 2006 solidified his deep expertise in naval operations, enhancing his strategic vision for the RMN.
Throughout his career, Admiral Rahman held pivotal command and shore-based leadership roles. He commanded vessels such as KD PERAK, where he also served as Senior Officer Afloat and Senior Officer of the 17th PV Squadron. His strategic insight was crucial as he led the International Monitoring Team (IMT-8) in Mindanao, Philippines, contributing to regional security efforts. His appointments as the Submarine Force Commander, first Naval Region 2 Commander in Sandakan, Eastern Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Navy further cemented his ability to guide RMN’s operations and strategic alignment with national defense goals.
Admiral Rahman’s academic credentials are a cornerstone of his strategic leadership. A graduate of the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College in 1998, he earned a Master of Arts in Strategic Studies from Deakin University, Australia, in 2011. These qualifications empowered him to push forward the modernization of the RMN, focusing on advanced maritime capabilities and readiness. As the 18th Chief of Navy from January 2023, Admiral Rahman steered the RMN through critical advancements. His leadership led to the establishment of the Johor Bahru Naval Base, the commissioning of KD SRI SABAH and KD SRI SARAWAK, and the strategic acquisition of 13 Fast Interceptor Crafts (FIC) G2000. His foresight in launching the RMN #15to5 Transformation Programme reinforced the Navy’s operational readiness, aligning assets and capabilities with evolving security challenges. He also prioritized the acquisition of the second batch of Littoral Mission Ships (LMSB2), further enhancing the RMN’s naval defense capabilities.
Admiral Rahman’s strategic modernization of the RMN, coupled with his leadership in military reform and regional defense initiatives, has positioned the Navy for continued operational excellence in the years to come.
19TH CHIEF OF NAVY
ADMIRAL DATUK ZULHELMY BIN ITHNAIN
(1 August 2024 – Present)
Admiral Datuk Zulhelmy bin Ithnain, born on January 2, 1968, in Kuala Lumpur, is a distinguished strategist and leader who has played a pivotal role in advancing the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). A graduate of the Royal Military College in 1985, he joined the RMN in 1986, launching a career characterised by operational excellence and visionary leadership.
Serving aboard vessels such as KD KERIS, KD GANYANG, KD PAUS, and the Principal Warfare Officer (PWO) of KD LEKIU early in his career, he honed his expertise in naval operations. A specialist in submarine warfare, Admiral Zulhelmy earned his Submarine Qualification Badge in Australia in 1993 and completed the International PWO Course in the UK in 1995. His leadership was recognized when he was selected to command and bring back Malaysia’s first submarine, KD TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN, from France in 2009. This historic mission showcased his ability to handle complex, high-stakes tasks while establishing Malaysia’s presence in the underwater domain.
Admiral Zulhelmy’s career includes commanding the 1st Submarine Squadron and leading the Submarine Training Centre, where he strengthened the RMN’s operational readiness.
His key appointments include Submarine Force Commander, Assistant Chief of Staff (J5) at the Joint Forces Headquarters, Assistant Chief of Staff Planning and Development at the RMN HQ, Commander Naval Region 1, President of the National Centre for Defence Studies, and Deputy Chief of Navy. These roles demonstrated his strategic vision, operational expertise, and commitment to fostering resilience within the RMN.
An advocate for security, stability, and prosperity, Admiral Zulhelmy complements his operational achievements with academic excellence. He holds a Master’s in National Security Administration from the National Defence College of the Philippines, earning the Exceptional Graduate Award, and is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval War College and the UK’s Royal College of Defence Studies.
Appointed as the 19th Chief of Navy in 2024, Admiral Zulhelmy is committed to modernising the fleet, enhancing maritime security, and aligning naval operations with Malaysia’s strategic goals. With a long tenure ahead, he is poised to lead the RMN toward greater innovation and operational effectiveness, ensuring it remains a cornerstone of national defense.
WARRANT OFFICER OF THE NAVY
The Warrant Officer of the Navy (WoN) is the highest-ranking non-commissioned officer in the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), serving as a pivotal strategic link between enlisted personnel and senior leadership. As the principal advisor to the Chief of Navy, the WoN ensures the enlisted force’s operational insights and perspectives are integrated into key decisions, directly supporting the Navy’s strategic objectives.
As a custodian of the RMN’s core values-Honor, Loyalty, Courage, and Pride-the WoN upholds the highest standards of professionalism and discipline. They play a vital role in mentoring future leaders, fostering operational excellence, and sustaining a cohesive and resilient naval force. Beyond internal responsibilities, the WoN represents the enlisted ranks in joint-
service and international engagements, strengthening Malaysia’s commitment to regional stability and maritime security. Chosen for their exceptional leadership and operational acumen, the WoN fosters unity across all ranks, ensuring the RMN remains adaptable, credible, and mission-ready in the face of evolving maritime challenges.
Prior to the establishment of the WoN, the RMN relied on the roles of Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) and Gunnery Instructor (GI) as critical leadership positions within the non-commissioned officer structure. These foundational roles were essential in shaping discipline, training, and operational readiness in the Navy’s formative years, laying the groundwork for the modern WoN role.
Organisational Structure
RMN in the 1960s: A humble beginning led by a Commodore as Chief of Naval Staff, with a simple organizational structure focused on fleet development, training, and operational readiness.
STRUKTUR ORGANISASI TLDM 2024
CHAPTER 5
Naval Encounters at Sea
KONFRONTASI - 1963 to 1966
The birth of Malaysia came with a heavy price and much sacrifice. The instability of geopolitics in the region at that time triggered resistance from neighbouring states as the formation of Malaysia was strongly opposed by Indonesia. This led to an undeclared war known as the Konfrontasi (Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation). Faced with a shortage of trained manpower and assets; for the fledging RMN the Konfrontasi was an extremely challenging period. Tasked with anti-infiltration patrols, several RMN ships came into contact with the enemy throughout this Konfrontasi from 1963 to 1966. Although much of the action was centred on the Straits of Melaka and Singapore, RMN ships also saw action in East Malaysian waters.
Sailors on high alert during Konfrontasi; armed with Self Loading Rifle [SLR] wearing Mk V Turtle combat helmets
KD SRI PAHANG
On the night of 1st December 1964, while conducting a routine patrol off the coast of Bedok, Singapore, KD SRI PAHANG, commanded by Lieutenant M.W. Alvisse RMN, encountered a motorized sampan approximately 1 nautical mile away. The sampan, carrying nine KKO (Korps Komando Operasi) operatives on an infiltration mission, was spotted and swiftly engaged. KD SRI PAHANG opened fire, sinking the speedboat. Three infiltrators were recovered from the wreckage, one of whom was already deceased. The survivors were handed over to the police for further action, marking another successful interception by the RMN during this period of heightened tensions and operations.
Captured and a dead KKO member seen on KD SRI PAHANG’s quarterdeck; Telok Ayer Basin
KD SRI PERAK
On the night of 9th January 1965, while patrolling off Port Dickson, KD SRI PERAK’s radar detected an unidentified contact several nautical miles away. As the contact drew closer, it was confirmed to be a hostile vessel. Lieutenant Hyde Smith, the ship’s Commanding Officer, immediately ordered, ‘Action Stations!’
Suddenly, KD SRI PERAK came under small arms fire from a civilian craft, which had been requisitioned by the KKO. Without hesitation, the crew responded with precision, firing the ship’s Bofors 40mm L/60 gun. The barrage struck the enemy vessel, sinking it swiftly. The survivors were captured, and the threat neutralised.
KKO prisoners, including several injured, prior to being handed over to the authorities.
The recovered barter trading boats and
Rifles; ammunition and a pair of binoculars confiscated
KD RENCHONG
During a routine patrol, KD RENCHONG, under Lieutenant Quah Hoe Yeang, chanced upon 4 barter trading boats in Malaysian waters being towed by the KKO towards Karimun Island. After giving chase and intercepting the boats, 6 KKO men were apprehended and their weapons seized. The barter trading boats were released.
Captured KKO men
KD PANGLIMA
KD PANGLIMA, under the command of Lieutenant Ong Kian Lam [a reservist officer], saw action off the island of Kukup, Pontian. In the early hours of 9 January 1965, at approximately 3:40 a.m., the ship approached a suspicious contact, which, after inspection, was found to be carrying KKO members. All four were apprehended and brought back to Teluk Ayer Basin.
TAWAU ASSAULT GROUP
Convinced that the infiltrators would use the numerous rivers and swamps that ran along the Tawau coastline, the Deputy Director of Borneo Operations [DOBOPS] Brigadier Pat Glennie formed the British/Malaysian Tawau Assault Group [TAG] comprising 40 Commando Royal Marines, an SBS squadron and elements from the RMN and Malaysian army. Based at Wallace Bay on Sebatik island, the TAG monitored 5 rivers in the area; Sungai Sebatik, Sungai Simandalam, Sungai Sinosolan, Sungai Terusan Tambak, and Sungai Kalabakan using requisitioned fishing trawlers and KD PETREL a yacht belonging to the Governor of North Borneo. Under the command of LSM Joe P. Chelliah [known as Black Joe], 3 RMN personnel and a team of Ghurkas equipped with a 70-tonne trawler killed approximately 20 infiltrators, including 2 frogmen over 6 months in 1964.
KD LANGKASUKA
On the night of November 4, 1962, KD LANGKASUKA was off the coast of Tanjung Piai when she came into contact with an unidentified patrol boat with its lights switched off. Upon being ordered to leave Malaysian waters, the patrol boat headed back towards Indonesian waters but made an attempt to re-enter Malaysian waters a few hours later before finally heading towards Karimun Island.
KD MAHAMIRU
On 29 December 1962, a suspicious patrol boat boarding a Singapore-registered trawler off the coast of Kukup was intercepted by KD MAHAMIRU and headed back at full speed towards Indonesian waters.
KD KELANTAN
In September 1965, whilst in the Straits of Singapore near the Raffles lighthouse, KD KELANTAN, under the command of Lieutenant J. Buchanan [RAN], intercepted an Indonesian vessel. After having 2 grenades hurled at them, the crew of KD KELANTAN returned fire, killing 2 infiltrators and sinking the ship.
KD LANGKASUKA
Whilst in the Straits of Singapore in 1965, KD LANGKASUKA, under the command of Lieutenant Roland Simon [RMN], was ordered to assist KD PANGLIMA, commanded by Lieutenant Andy Miller [RNZN], which had just fired a 40mm round across the bow of one of two Indonesian Customs boats which had been detected in Malaysian waters. Both boats fled back into Indonesian waters, but not long after that, 2 ALRI Komar attack boats and 3 Customs boats appeared on the scene and headed towards KD LANGKASUKA and KD PANGLIMA. Outgunned, both RMN ships went to Action Stations. Still, the timely arrival of 3 RAF and RAAF planes from Singapore resulted in the Indonesians changing course and returning to their national waters.
KD SRI PERAK
Next to come into contact with the enemy was KD SRI PERAK, under the command of Lieutenant Hyde Smith, when during a patrol of Port Dickson on 9th January 1965, she sank a requisitioned civilian craft and captured several infiltrates. About 10 days later, 2 bodies were found in 2 separate areas.
KD SRI PERAK on patrol
KD SRI SELANGOR
On the fateful night of 24th July 1964, near St. John’s Island, KD SRI SELANGOR was preparing to board and inspect two barter boats when a third boat, previously detected on radar, emerged. Aboard the boat were five-armed men in green uniforms who defiantly shouted “K.K.O.!” (Korps Komando Operasi). Instead of complying with the command to stop, they opened fire, targeting the crew. Ordinary Rate Electrical Technician (ODEM) Abdul Samad bin Sulaiman, who was manning the searchlight, was struck down, killed instantly. Midshipman Musa bin Jabar, Midshipman Bolt from HMS ARK ROYAL, and Leading Rate Regulating (LRRG) Kweh Onn Cheong were also injured in the assault.
In response, Coxswain, Petty Officer Seaman Muhammad Khalid Sulong, and LRRG Kweh
returned fire with a Bren gun, hitting the hostile boat. The boat was subsequently rammed and sunk. Lieutenant Parithan Krishnan (P.K.) Nettur, the ship’s Commanding Officer, was later awarded the K.P.K. for his leadership under fire.
At the inquest the following month, Lieutenant P.K. Nettur described the attack as “unprovoked aggression” and testified with confidence that the Bren gun fire had struck the infiltrators. A fellow Bren gunner recalled seeing the attackers fall in their boat, while ODEM Abdul Samad’s lifeless body lay in a pool of blood on the funnel deck. Present at the inquest were the grieving father and brother of the fallen ODEM, underscoring the heavy cost of this brutal encounter.
An artist’s impression of KD SRI SELANGOR in action
A sketched description of the engagement
Bullet holes on KD SRI SELANGOR’s superstructure; Teluk Air Basin
ODEM Abdul Samad bin Sulaiman (standing on the back row, extreme right)
Lieutenant P.K Nettur presenting Letter of Condolences to the father (Sulaiman bin Hitam) of the fallen hero
LRRG Kweh Onn Cheong admitted at Alexandra Hospital
OP CABUT
The fall of Saigon in 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War and led to an influx of Vietnamese refugees seeking safety and asylum. Many fled the country by boat, enduring a dangerous passage across the South China Sea. Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries became staging grounds for these refugees. The refugees, often starving and dehydrated, arrived in overcrowded and unseaworthy boats.
Malaysia, like other Southeast Asian nations, grappled with the challenges posed by large numbers of refugees. A significant concern for the government was the strain on resources and the country’s social fabric. Malaysia’s policy was not to accept illegal immigrants as permanent residents.
In response to this humanitarian crisis, Malaysia established refugee camps to provide temporary shelter, food, and medical assistance to the refugees.
The RMN launched 'Operation CABUT' to escort Vietnamese boats out of the country’s waters. The operation, planned and overseen by Commodore Mohd Sidek, then Commander Naval Region West (COMNAV West), faced scrutiny for its perceived lack of humanity. However, he successfully persuaded the government to establish refugee camps on Pulau Bidong.
The late Commodore Mohd Sidek bin Shahabuddin
Acheh Tsunami Disaster 2004 HADR
Following the 2004 Tsunami, which badly affected the province of Aceh in Indonesia, one of the most largest disaster relief efforts in history was organised. The tsunami, triggered by a massive undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra on 26th December 2004, resulted in widespread devastation across several countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
KD MAHAWANGSA, KD MUSYTARI and KD SRI INDERA SAKTI were deployed to assist in the HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief) effort, delivering aid such as medical and other urgently needed supplies to the affected communities alongside other participating countries.
OP ASTUTE 2006
Timor
Leste
In 2006, Malaysia responded to a request from the government of Timor-Leste for assistance in quelling escalating violence between rival factions in the country. As part of Operation Astute, KD MAHAWANGSA and KD SRI INDERASAKTI played a crucial role in the deployment of Malaysian troops to Dili. These two ships ferried essential equipment, including armoured carriers, to support the peacekeeping efforts. The operation was a significant demonstration of Malaysia’s commitment to regional stability and its active participation in humanitarian and peacekeeping missions in Southeast Asia.
QZ8501 MISSION 2014 SAR
QZ8501 was Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501, which tragically crashed on 28th December 2014 whilst en route from Surabaya, Indonesia to Singapore. The search and rescue operation was a massive multinational effort involving Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, the United States and other countries. Five RMN vessels, KD PAHANG, KD PERAK, KD KASTURI, KD LEKIR and KD LEKIU, and a Fennec helicopter were involved in the SAR effort. KD PERAK managed to recover the body of a female victim on the 12th day of the SAR operation.
OP FAJAR 2008
Operation FAJAR was launched in response to the hijacking incident of a vessel owned by Malaysia International Shipping Corporation Berhad [MISC] by pirates in the Gulf of Aden. The mandate of this operation was to free the crew of the hijacked vessels.
On 19th August 2008 and 29th August 2008, two vessels owned by MISC, MT BUNGA MELATI 2 and MT BUNGA MELATI 5, were seized by pirates. Both ships were successfully released after long and complex negotiations with the pirates in Somalia. MT BUNGA MELATI 2 was freed on 27th September 2008, while MT BUNGA MELATI 5 was released on 29th September 2008. Operation FAJAR subsequently continued with the mission of escorting Malaysian-registered vessels and vessels of other nations. The RMN successfully recovered the MT BUNGA LAUREL, which had been hijacked in the Gulf of Aden on 20th January 2011. The vessel had been seized by a group of seven Somalia pirates at a position approximately 270 nautical miles east of Oman. 14 Special Forces [PASKAL] members with air support from an RMN Fennec were deployed from MT BUNGA MAS 5. Gunfire from the helicopter successfully prevented the arrival of pirate support boats from their mothership and enabled the PASKAL team to launch an assault on the pirate ship. After an exchange of gunfire, the pirates surrendered; all were detained. A total of 23 MT BUNGA LAUREL crew members were rescued.
OP ROTAN 2020
Operation ROTAN marked a pivotal collaboration between the RMN and PETRONAS to secure critical national assets. Building on the success of Operation FAJAR, the RMN was tasked with escorting and protecting PETRONAS’ Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (PFLNG) structures, which are essential to Malaysia’s energy sector. These high-value assets required enhanced security during transportation. Operation ROTAN showcased the RMN’s capability and commitment to safeguarding vital infrastructure, underscoring its role in national defence and economic security while demonstrating effective coordination with key stakeholders like PETRONAS.
MT NAUTICA JOHOR 2011 Rescue Operation
The RMN, together with the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency [MMEA], successfully thwarted an attempt by pirates to hijack a tanker, MT Nautica Johor Bahru, which was carrying oil and gas cargo valued at approximately RM12 million.
The ship, which was sailing from Melaka to Sibu, Sarawak, was seized in the Singapore Straits near Pulau Batu Putih on 29th October 2011 by a group of 10 pirates.
KD JEBAT, KD LEKIU, KD KELANTAN, and Super Lynx were deployed to the tanker’s rescue. KD LEKIU managed to track and locate the tanker, which was believed to be heading to Anambas Island, Indonesia. All crew members and the ship were rescued at approximately 17 nautical miles [30.6km] from Pulau Jemaja, Indonesia. No injuries were reported; the pirates, however, managed to escape in a speedboat.
MT ORKIM HARMONY 2015 Rescue Operation
Shadowing the Orkim Harmony
Super Lynx helicopter
Seating: cockpit 2 / cabin 7
Equipped with 360-degree rada
Capable of shipborne operations
Length overall: 15.24m
Orkim Harmony Tanker Crew: 22
Size: 106.6m x 18.8m
Tonnage: 7,000DWT
Overall height: 3.67km
Maximum range: 574km
Maximum endurance: 3hrs
- Found about 175km off the coast of Vietnam / Cambodia
- Eight pirates aboard armed with pistols and parang
Cargo: 6,000 metric tonnes of RON95 petrol Went missing about 31km off Pulau Aur, Johor June 17, 3.45 pm June 11, 8.57 pm
KD TERENGGANU
Commissioned: 2009
Crew: 68 (11 Officers)
Equipped with helicopter platform
Dimension: 91.1m x 12.85m x 3.4m
Top speed: 44km/h
Range: 11,200km
Guns: 1x76mm, 1x30mm
On 12th June 2015, MT ORKIM HARMONY, with a cargo estimated to be worth RM21 million, was hijacked by pirates in the waters of Johor along with 22 crew. The RMN deployed assets to participate in a rescue operation alongside the Royal Malaysian Air Force [RMAF] and Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency [MMEA]. The vessel and its crew were successfully rescued on 19th June 2015. A crew member was injured after being shot by the pirates.
Tembin Typhoon 2017 HADR
Tembin Typhoon struck the Philippines in December 2017 causing significant devastation in the southern part of the country; in Mindanao. The typhoon brought heavy rains, strong winds and flash floods; resulting in widespread destruction of homes, infrastructure and agricultural lands. KD KEDAH was dispatched to transport 45 tonnes of dry food. It arrived at the Romulo Espaldo Naval Base in Zamboanga City, Philippines on 29th December, 2017. This HADR mission was the initiative of the then Minister of Defence who entrusted the Malaysian Armed Forces [MAF] with coordinating aid delivery to the disaster-stricken area.
OP BENTENG 2020
Op BENTENG was launched by the Malaysian government to tighten border security and control illegal immigration; specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under the operational control of a National Task Force the operation was aimed at strengthening enforcement along the borders to prevent the entry of undocumented migrants and to curb the spread of the virus.
Missing Fisherman 2023 SAR
KD SUNDANG successfully carried out a search and rescue [SAR] mission when a fisherman was reported missing at Muara Pantai Dalit, Tuaran, Sabah on 26th January, 2023. The victim was found and rescued around the Tanjung Gaya area with support from a ScanEagle Unmanned Aerial System [UAS] operated by 601 Squadron. The victim had been lost for over 24 hours when his boat capsised and was found clinging to an oil drum.
KD SUNDANG immediately deployed a boat to rescue the victim and brought him aboard for initial treatment before returning to the RMN Base in Kota Kinabalu. Upon arrival the victim was rushed to the Military Hospital in the Kota Kinabalu Region for further treatment.
KRI NANGGALA 2021 SAR
KRI NANGGALA was an Indonesian Navy submarine that tragically sank during a training exercise in April 2021. The submarine disappeared while conducting a torpedo drill in the Bali Sea and was reported missing on 21st April, 2021. RMN deployed assets to assist in the search, including the Mega Bakti; the RMN's 80 metre Submarine Escape and Rescue Intervention ship.
Boarding team headed to intercept Vietnamese boat and conduct search on board
Illegal Fishing 2022
RMN successfully intercepted 6 Vietnamese fishing boats intruding into the Malaysian Maritime Zone near Pulau Tioman on 18th October 2022. KD PENDEKAR; which was conducting patrols managed to intercept and stop one of the boats. A search uncovered 8 storage boxes filled with marine products estimated to be worth RM1.5 million were found.
Operation Kekal Warisan is one of several RMN operations aimed at preventing intrusions in Malaysian waters. The RMN Is constantly on alert safeguarding the country’s waters and maritime Interests.
KD PENDEKAR’s boarding team conducting search on board
MALBATT 850 LEBANON 2023
Replenishment Mission
The RMN and the Malaysian Armed Forces [MAF] Joint Force Headquarters collaborated to transport stores and supplies for the Malaysian Battalion [MALBATT] 850-10 in January 2023. Setting sail on 30th November, 2022; KD MAHAWANGSA reached the port of Beirut, Lebanon; on 2nd January 2023.
AV-8 GEMPITA 2023
Sea Lift Op
The RMN and the Malaysian Army collaborated to sea lift AV-8 GEMPITA Infantry Fighting Vehicles [IFV] of the First Royal Armour Regiment [1 KAD] in Kuantan to the Fourth Royal Armoured Regiment [4 KAD] in Kuching to meet operational needs in Sarawak. This mission was conducted by KD MAHAWANGSA and comprised 25 AV-8 GEMPITA IFVs sea lifted in two phases; August 2023 and September 2023
CHAPTER 6
Naval Exercises
INTRA/INTER SERVICE
KERISMAS
Exercise KERISMAS is a large-scale RMN exercise aimed at testing the readiness and capabilities of the RMN’s fleet in high-intensity maritime operations. This exercise involves ships, helicopters, Unmanned Aerial Systems [UAS], PASKAL and divers; as well assets from the Royal Malaysian Air Force [RMAF]. The execution of Chief of Navy Inspection [CINSPEC] is also carried out during this exercise. The most recent staging of Exercise KERISMAS was in 2023 in the South China Sea; involving assets from the Western and Eastern fleets.
ANGSA
Exercise Angkasa Samudera (ANGSA) is another large-scale exercise involving the RMN and the Royal Malaysian Air Force [RMAF] to assess the readiness and interoperability of the RMN’s fleet and RMAF assets in conducting highintensity maritime and air operations. This exercise has been held since 2005 and the latest exercise took place from 28th July to 16th August 2023 in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea; involving 30 ships from Western and Eastern Fleet.
TAMING SARI
Exercise TAMING SARI is a missile firing exercise aimed at testing the capabilities and readiness of the RMN’s missile systems. Exercise TAMING SARI 2021 witnessed the successful coordinated firing of Exocet MM40 Block IIs and EXOCET SM39s missiles from KD LEKIU, KD LEKIR and KD TUN RAZAK. In 2022 the exercise was specifically held to test the functionality of KD LEKIR’s weapons systems before the ship participated in RIMPAC 2022. The exercise took place in the waters of the Straits of Melaka.
PAHLAWAN
Eksesais PAHLAWAN is major exercise involving not only the three arms of the Malaysian Armed Forces [Army, Navy and Air Force] but also other government agencies, industrial players and the public as a whole operationaiising the concept of Whole of Government Whole of Society (WOGOS). The exercise is centered on countering conventional and asymmetric threats towards the nation.
BILATERAL
THALAY LAUT
Since 1981 the Thai-Malaysia [THALAY] exercise has been held; aimed at enhancing relations and improving interoperability. KD HANDALAN and KD PENDEKAR participated in THALAY 2023 which was held at Kuantan and the South China Sea waters from 2nd to 8th July 2023.
MALAPURA
Exercise MALAPURA is a bilateral exercise conducted by the RMN and the Republic of Singapore Navy [RSN] which commenced in 1984. The most recent execution was Exercise MALAPURA 31/23 held from 4 to 15 September; involving KD LEKIU; KD LEKIR and a Super Lynx helicopter. The RMN and RSN celebrated the 30th anniversary of MALAPURA in November 2022.
MALPHI
This biennial bilateral exercise is held between the RMN and the Philippine Navy. Its objective is cooperative relations and understanding between the two navies through various series of exercises in ports and at sea. RMN’s most recent involvement include the participation of KD SELANGOR and KD SUNDANG from 1st to 15th September 2023 in Davao City, Philippines.
MTA RMN-USN
The Maritime Training Activity [MTA] exercise is a bilateral exercise held with the United States Navy [USN] which commenced in 1995. KD TERENGGANU and KD LEKIR participated in MTA 2023 which was held in the Straits of Melaka.
MULTILATERAL
BERSAMA LIMA
BERSAMA LIMA is an annual joint exercise between the Five Power Defence Arrangements [FPDA] nations which comprise the United Kingdom, Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore. In commemoration of the FPDA’s 50th anniversary in 2021; BERSAMA LIMA Exercise was named BERSAMA GOLD with Malaysia chosen as the host country. KD LEKIR and KD LEKIU participated in BERSAMA LIMA 2023.
AMNEX
ASEAN Multilateral Naval Exercise (AMNEX) is a multilateral exercise involving ASEAN countries and the organisation of the exercise rotates among the navies of ASEAN nations. Its purpose is to enhance cooperation and interoperability among regional countries. The first event took place in 2017. KD LEKIU participated in the latest exercise in the waters of Subic BAy, Philippines from 9th to 16th May 2023.
RIMPAC
The Rim of the Pacific [RIMPAC] is the world’s largest naval exercise; organised and hosted by the United States in Hawaii. KD LEKIU participated in this exercise for the first time in 2018; this was followed by KD LEKIR’s participation in 2022. During RIMPAC 2022 KD LEKIR became the first RMN ship to launch a missile whilst in foreign waters; an EXOCET MM40 Block II missile struck the target accurately. The success was witnessed live at the Pacific Warfighting Centre in Hawaii by Admiral Tan Sri Mohd Reza bin Mohd Sany the 17th Chief of Navy.
MASTEX
The Malaysia-Australia Sea Training Exercise [MASTEX] is an annual bilateral exercise between the RMN and the Royal Australian Navy [RAN]. It started in 2002 and aims to enhance cooperative relations and mutual understanding between the two navies through various series of exercises in ports and at sea. MASTEX 2021 which was held in the Straits of Melaka included the participation of KD LEKIR and KD JEBAT.
MILAN
Hosted by the Indian Navy [IN] this biennial multilateral exercise started in 1995. The RMN has been participating in this exercise since 1997. Its latest involvement involved KD LEKIR; from 19th to 27th February 2024 in Visakhapatnam, India.
AMAN
AMAN Exercise; a biennial multilateral exercise organised by the Pakistan Navy [PN] aims to enhance interoperability from various countries in addressing maritime security threats. The RMN has been participating in this exercise since its inaugural session in 2007.
KAKADU
Exercise KAKADU is a biennial multilateral exercise organised by the Royal Australian Navy [RAN]. This exercise started in 1993 in the waters of Darwin, Australia. Its primary objective is to enhance interoperability among the participating nations. RMN’s initial involvement commenced in 1993 with the participation of diving members. The participation of RMN ships in this exercise began in 1995. The most recent execution of the exercise was in 2022, involving KD LEKIU from September 12th to 26th.
INTERNATIONAL
The Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition; known as LIMA is recognised as the most significant maritime and aerospace trade show in the Asia-Pacific region. Held in Langkawi, Kedah, this exhibition is a biennial event started in 1991 and was the brainchild of the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad.
Initially it aimed to establish Langkawi as a flight-testing platform for prototype and light aircraft to alleviate air traffic congestion. Alongside this goal; the exhibition also serves as a means to promote the country’s name internationally and demonstrate Malaysia’s capability to host world class exhibitions.
WPNS
At the International Seapower Symposium in 1987 an agreement was reached to establish a forum where leaders of regional navies could meet to discuss cooperative initiatives. The first Western Pacific Naval Symposium [WPNS] meeting was held in 1988. The WPNS aims to increase cooperation and the ability to operate together; as well as to build trust and confidence between navies by providing a venue for the discussion of maritime issues of mutual interest; the exchange of information and exchange of personnel. RMN hosted the WPNS in 1994 and 2012.
IONS
The Chiefs of Maritime Forces of littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region [IOR] gathered in New Delhi, from 14th to 16th February 2008 to launch the International Maritime Initiative - namely the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium [IONS]. The overall aim was to increase maritime cooperation among navies/maritime agencies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region by capitalising
hosted by different ASEAN navies and participated in by ASEAN by the Chief of Navies. It was originally known as the ASEAN Navies Interaction; first held in 2001 and previously conducted biennially. The ANCM aims to further enhance the degree of cooperation and interoperability among the ASEAN navies.
CHAPTER 7
Flying The Flag
Malaysia's First Submarine Crew
On January 27, 2009, Malaysia marked a historic milestone with the commissioning of KD TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN, its first submarine, under the command of Commander Zulhelmy bin Ithnain RMN. Manned by a dedicated crew of 32, the submarine embarked on its maiden voyage from Toulon, France, on July 11, 2009.
Sailing over 6,000 nautical miles across the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean, the crew endured 54 days of challenging navigation, with vital stops in Jeddah, Djibouti, and Cochin. This arduous journey, culminating in their triumphant arrival at Pulau Indah on September 3, 2009, showcased exceptional seamanship and symbolised a transformative leap for Malaysia’s naval capabilities.
Nation Military Observer in Angola. His bravery was displayed when he was entrusted to lead the patrol team to assess the situation in N’gove and conduct helipad clearance on 6th May 1998. However, he encountered a sudden explosion from an anti-tank mine blast. Despite the mine explosion, he managed to calm the situation and completed the mission.
During a patrol from Huambo to Cuima on 2nd October 1998, his team were subjected to a rebel attack at a village; from a distance of 200 metres. Despite being unarmed; he boldly confronted the rebels and managed to chase them away.
He also played a crucial role during an ambush involving a truck in the area between Huambo and Alto Hama on 26th October 1998. He successfully calmed down 30 civilians and also managed to fend off two the rebels before taking the injured victims to the Huambo Hospital and informing the headquarters.
Lt Cdr Anuar receiving PGB award
An Armoured Personal Carrier (APC) in the convoy damaged after hitting an anti-tank mine
First Malaysian Appointed as Vice Chair of the SCUFN
First Admiral Dr. Najhan bin Md Said has brought pride to Malaysia with his appointment as Vice Chair of the Sub-Committee on Undersea Features Name (SCUFN) for a five-year term from 2024 to 2028. This significant achievement was announced at the 36th SCUFN meeting in Wollongong, Australia. SCUFN operates under the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The committee’s responsibilities include defining the terminology for undersea features such as seamounts, canyons, plateaus, and fracture zones, as well as maintaining naming guidelines. SCUFN also plays a critical role in reviewing, advising, and finalising the names submitted for undersea features. Admiral Dr. Najhan’s appointment highlights Malaysia’s growing influence in global maritime affairs and scientific exploration, marking a milestone in the country’s contribution to oceanography and hydrography.
Voyage to Antarctica
History was made when Lieutenant Zaharuddin Mohd. Maideen set foot on Antarctica at the South Pole, becoming the first RMN officer on 15th January 1997. He joined the 6th East Light Expedition and sailed with the South African Navy ship SAS Quteniqua for 42 days from early December 1996. Also joining him were officers from South Africa, Kenya, Israel, Netherlands and Italy. The RMN’s participation was upon the invitation of South Africa to participate in marine survey work. The location reached was about 1,200km from the South Pole, an area seldom explored by humans.
Ship safely alongside at Antarctica.
Lt Zaharuddin setting foot on the Antarctica Continent
North Pole Jump
A couple of years previously Lieutenant Ahmad Ramli bin Kardi was the first RMN officer to set foot in the polar area; followed by PO SW [PKL] Mohd Idrus bin Mohd Yusuf; on 21st April, 1998. The skydiving duo successfully landed alongside a Proton Wira; a Malaysian made car.
Both participated in the Malaysian North Pole Base Jumping Expedition together with 14 other parachutists; making Malaysia the first country in Asia to conquer the North Pole; the coldest region in the world.
Proton Wira, national car safely landed at North Pole
The first to set foot in the polar, Lt Ahmad Ramli Kardi RMN
Malaysian North Pole Base Jumping Expedition team with Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir during the launching
Lt Ahmad Ramli RMN and PO PPP (PKL) Mohd Idrus proudly holding the RMN ensign
Prayers before the expedition embarkation Malaysian Skydiving team honouring Jalur Gemilang
South Pole Jump
Lieutenant Ahmad Ramli bin
created history when he and 5 other national parachutists sky dived; as part of a Malaysian sky dive expedition in the South pole on 14th January, 2000.
Kardi
Lt Ahmad Ramli Kardi RMN in South Pole
Poland Project
The ‘’Poland Project’’ was KLD TUNAS SAMUDERA’s participation in the 51st International Tall Ships’ Race in the Baltic Sea [Tall Ships Races 2007], organised by the Polish government from 5th July to 7th August 2007. Throughout its voyage, KLD TUNAS SAMUDERA sailed through 10 oceans and 28 countries over 412 days with 88 officers and crews, departing from Port Klang on 12th March 2007 and returning to RMN Lumut Base on 27th April 2008, in conjunction with the RMN’s 74th anniversary.
HRH Sultan of Selangor released the berthing line as a symbolic of the commencement of KLD TUNAS SAMUDERA’s voyage
KLD TUNAS SAMUDERA’s crews taking on the challenge of Atlantic Ocean
Diving National Records-Malaysia Book of Records
RMN divers set 2 national diving records in 2003 which were registered in the Malaysian Book of Records. On 23rd March 2003, the RMN set a record for a dive; the most significant number of divers - 212 from the RMN Diving Centre, together with civilian divers - off Pangkor Island.
The second record was the deepest dive by Lieutenant Commander Muhammad Feekry Choo bin Abdullah RMN and Leading PLM Adnan Lemon at a depth of 94.1 metres in the waters off Pulau Sembilan on 23rd April 2003.
The national records of dive with most number of divers
Crossing the English Channel
The RMN was made proud again when AB PPP [PKL] Estino Taniyu became the first service member to cross the English Channel. Estino began his swim from Dover, United Kingdom, on 21st September, 2012 to Sandy Beach, Calais, France which took 13 hours, 41 minutes and 45 seconds.
Conquering The Top of The World
AB COM Siti Hanisah Sharudin elevated the name of the RMN when she became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Elbrus; the highest peak in Europe on 13th June, 2012. Standing at a height of 5,642 metres above sea level; Mount Elbrus is located in Russia’s Caucasus region.
On 21st May, 2013; she successfully conquered the world’s highest peak Mount Everest. This was followed by Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in the African continent on 15th October, 2013.
Flying the Malaysia’s flag at the peak of Mount Everest
AB COM Hanisah holding RMN Ensign with pride
Back to homeland with joy and victory
During her quest to reach the peak of Mount Everest
Editorial Team
Reminiscences of Nine Decades stands as a noble tribute to the valor, fortitude, and illustrious heritage of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN). For 90 years, this steadfast arm of our nation has held its watch upon the waves, defending our sovereignty with unshakable resolve and unyielding courage. From its humble inception in 1934 to its current eminence as a guardian of peace and strength in global waters, the RMN’s journey is one of enduring glory and unwavering service.
This volume is far more than a chronicle of time; it is a salute to a force that has not merely safeguarded our shores but has shaped the very destiny of Malaysia itself. The triumphs and trials of the RMN are a testament to its indomitable spirit. Yet, no single work can capture the fullness of such a legacy. Let this book stand as the vanguard of future endeavors, where the untold tales of courage and honor shall find their due and rightful place.
To the distinguished officers and staff of the RMN Sea Power Centre, our heartfelt gratitude is extended. Their indefatigable labor and devotion to this cause have rendered this volume a work of profound authenticity and reverence. With the precision of mariners navigating treacherous seas, they have guided this project to fruition, ensuring its legacy will inspire for generations.
It is our fervent hope that this work stirs the hearts of all who behold it, igniting in them a reverence for the proud traditions of the Royal Malaysian Navy. Let these pages stand as a monument to the sacrifice and valor of those who have sailed under its ensign. May it inspire all who come after to carry forth the torch of duty, honor, and unflinching service to Malaysia.
Acknowledgements
To the gallant men and women of the Royal Malaysian Navy—past and present—we owe a debt of gratitude that words can scarcely convey. Your steadfast devotion, valor, and unyielding sense of duty have stood as a bulwark for our nation’s sovereignty, ensuring the freedom of our seas and the safety of our shores. It is upon the foundation of your courage and sacrifice that this book has been built, and it is to you that it is most humbly dedicated.
Let us also acknowledge the scholars, chroniclers, and tireless hands who have labored with unflagging zeal to weave this tapestry of naval heritage. Their diligent research and undaunted commitment have ensured that the deeds of our forebears are not consigned to the shadows of time but shine forth as a beacon to illuminate the path for generations yet to come.
May this work, born of effort and love for our naval tradition, inspire in every reader a profound respect for the Royal Malaysian Navy’s noble legacy. Let it serve as a clarion call, urging all who sail beneath its proud ensign to continue upholding the highest ideals of honor, courage, and commitment.
