Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. & Taylor, J. (2010) Risk Assessment for future violence in individuals from an ethnic minority group. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9(2), 118 123. Access Here
Kennedy, J., Bresler, S., Whitaker, H. & Masterson, B. (2007). Assessing violence risk in psychiatric inpatients: Useful tools. Psychiatric Times, 24(8). Access Here.
References
Monahan, J. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment: The MacArthur study of mental disorder and violence. New York: Oxford University Press. Access Here.
Fujii, D. E. M., Takioka, A. B., Lichton, A. & Hishinuma, E. (2005). Ethnic differences in prediction of violence risk with the HCR-20 among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Services, 56(6), 711 716. Access Here.
Monahan, J., Steadman, H., Robbins, P., Appelbaum, P., Banks, S., Grisso, T., Heilbrun, K., Mulvey, E. P., Roth, L. & Silver, E. (2005). An actuarial model of violence risk assessment for persons with mental disorders Psychiatric Services, 56(7), 810 815. Access Here
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McDermott, B. E., Dualan, I. V. & Scott, C. L. (2011). The predictive ability of the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) in a forensic psychiatric hospital Psychiatric Services, 62(4), 430 433. Access Here.
Persson, M., Belfrage, H., Fredriksson, B. & Kristiansson, M (2017) Violence during imprisonment, forensic psychiatric care, and probation: Correlations and predictive validity of the risk assessment instruments COVR, LSI R, HCR 20V3, and SAPROF. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 16(2), 117 129. Access Here
McClusker, P. J. (2007). Issues regarding the clinical use of the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) assessment instrument. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(6), 676 685. Access Here
Validated Tools
Meadows, R. J. (2014) Understanding violence and victimization. New York: Pearson Education. Access Here.
Monahan, J. (2010) ‘The Classification of Violence Risk.’ In R. K. Otto and K. S. Douglas. Handbook of violence risk assessment New York, London: Routledge, 187 198. Access Here
M., Shaw, J., Carter, S. & Dolan, M. (2010) Investigating the validity of the classification of violence risk in a UK sample. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9(4), 316 323. Access Here
Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. & Fitzgerald, S. (2009). Assessing risk of future violence among forensic psychiatric inpatients with the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR). Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1522 1526. Access Here.
Doyle,COVR
Douglas, K. S., Guy, L. S., Reeves, K. A.; & Weir, J. (2005). HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme: Overview and annotated bibliography Systems and Psychosocial Advances Research Center Publications and Presentations, 335. Access Here
Campbell, M. A., French, S. & Gendreau, P. (2009). The prediction of violence in adult offenders: A meta analytic comparison of instruments and methods of assessment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(6), 567 590. Access Here
Sturup, J., Kristiansson, M. & Lindqvist, P. (2011). Violent behaviour by general psychiatric patients in Sweden. Psychiatry Research, 188(1), 161 165. Access Here.
de Vogel, V. & de Ruiter, C. (2005). The HCR 20 in personality disordered female offenders: A comparison with a matched sample of males. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12(3), 226 240. Access Here
Abbiati,HCR-20
M., Laix, J., Gasser, J. & Malin, V. (2014). Predicting physically violent misconduct in prison: A comparison of four risk assessment instruments. Behavioral Science and the Law, 37(1), 61 77. Access Here
de Vogel, V., de Vries Robbé, M., van Kalmthout, W. & Place, C. (2012). Risk assessment of violent women: Development of the “Female Additional Manual” (FAM) [article in Dutch].’ Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 54(4), 329 – 338. Access Here.
Dickens, G. L. & O’Shea, L. E. (2017). Use of the HCR 20 for violence risk assessment: Views of clinicians working in a secure inpatient mental health setting.’ The Journal of Forensic Practice, 19(2), 130 138. Access Here
Douglas, K. S. & Belfrage, H. (2014) Interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the HCR 20 Version 3.’ The International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 130 139. Access Here.
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Arai, K., A. Takano, T. Nagata & N. Hirabayashi. (2016) Predictive accuracy of the Historical Clinical-Risk Management 20 for violence in the forensic psychiatric wards in Japan. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 27(5), 1471 2857. Access Here
Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Zhang, T., Sizmur, S., Roberts, C., Farrington, D. P., & Rogers, R. D. (2009) Gender differences in structured risk assessment: Comparing the accuracy of five instruments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(2), 337 348. Access Here.
Cawood, J. S. (2017) The inter rater reliability and predictive validity of the HCR 20 V3 in common workplace environments. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 4(1), 1 11. Access Here
Douglas, K. S., Webster, C. D., Hart, S. D. & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2001) HCR 20 violence risk management guide Burnaby, Canada: Simon Fraser University. [Not accessible]
Doyle, M., Power, L. A., Coid, J., Kallis, C., Ullrich, S. & Shaw, J. (2014). Predicting post discharge community violence in England and Wales using the HCR-20V3 International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 140 147. Access Here
Garcia Mansilla, A., Rosenfeld, B. & Cruise, K. R. (2011) Violence risk assessment and women: Predictive accuracy of the HCR 20 in a civil psychiatric sample Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 29(5), 623 633. Access Here.
Green, D., Schneider, M., Griswold, H., Belfi, B., Herrera, M. & DeBlasi, A. (2016). A comparison of the HCR-20V3 among male and female insanity acquittees: A retrospective file study International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 15(1), 48 64. Access Here.
Doyle, M. & Dolan, M. (2006) Predicting community violence from patients discharged from mental health services. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(6), 520 526. Access Here.
Lindsay, W. R., Hogue, T. E., Taylor, J. L., Steptoe, L., Mooney, P., O’Brien, G., Johnstone, S. & Smith, A. H. W. (2008) Risk assessment in offenders with intellectual disability: A comparison across three levels of security. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(1), 90 111. Access Here
Logan, C. (2014). The HCR 20 version 3: A case study in risk formulation. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 172 180. Access Here
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Ho, H., Thomson, L. & Darjee, R. (2009). Violence risk assessment: The use of the PCL SV, HCR-20, and VRAG to predict violence in mentally disordered offenders discharged from a medium secure unit in Scotland. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(4), 523 541. Access Here.
O’Shea, L. E., Thaker, D. K., Picchioni, M. M., Knight, F. L., Dickens, C. & Dickens, G. L. (2015) Predictive validity of the HCR 20 for violent and non violent sexual behaviour in a secure mental health service. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 26(5), 366 379. Access Here
Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. & Snowden, R. J. (2008). Predicting violent reconvictions using the HCR 20. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(5), 384 387. Access Here
Douglas, K. S. & Reeves, K. A. (2010) Historical-Clinical-Risk Management 20 (HCR-20) violence risk assessment scheme: Rationale, application and empirical overview. In R. K. Otto and K. S. Douglas (Eds.), Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment. New York, London: Routledge, pp. 147 186. Access Here
Douglas, K. S., Hart, S. D., Webster, C. D., Belfrage, H., Guy, L. S. & Wilson, C. M. (2014) Historical-Clinical-Risk Management 20, version 3 (HCR 20V3): Development and overview. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 93 108. Access Here.
Jeandarme, I., Pouls, C., De Laender, J., Oei, T. I. & Bogaerts, S. (2017) Field validity of the HCR-20 in forensic medium security units in Flanders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 23(4), 305 322. Access Here
Mills, J. F., Kroner, D. G. & Hemmati, T. (2007). The validity of violence risk estimates: An issue of item performance. Psychological Services, 4(1), 1 12. Access Here
Strub, D. S., Douglas, K. S. & Nicholls, T. L. (2016). Violence risk assessment of civil psychiatric patients with the HCR 20: Does gender matter?’ International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 15(1), 81 96. Access Here
Sada, A., Robles Garcia, R., Martinez Lopez, N., Hernandez Ramirez, C. A., Tovilla Zarate, F. Lopez Munguila, E., Ayala Suarez Alvarez, X. & Fresan, A. (2016). Assessing the reliability, predictive and constructive validity of historical, clinical and risk management 20 (HCR 20) in Mexican psychiatric inpatients. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(6), 456 461. Access Here
N., Major, G. & Brooks, J. (2016). What can structured professional judgment tools contribute to the management of neurobehavioral disability?: Predictive validity of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: An International Journal, 28(3), 448 465. Access Here.
Braithwaite, E., Charette, Y., Crocker, A. G. & Reyes, A. (2010). The predictive validity of clinical ratings of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9(4), 271 281. Access Here.
Cartwright, J. K., Desmarais, S. L., Hazel, J., Griffith, T. & Azizian, A. (2018). Predictive validity of HCR-20, START and Static 99R assessments in predicting institutional aggression among sexual offenders Law and Human Behavior, 42(1), 13 25. Access Here
Shepherd, S. M., Campbell, R. E. & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018) The Utility of the HCR 20 in an Australian sample of forensic psychiatric patients. Psychiatry, Psychology and the Law, 25(2), 273 282. Access Here
Crocker, A. G., Braithwaite, E., Laferrière, D., Gagnon, D., Venegas, C. & Jenkins, T. (2011) START changing practice: Implementing a risk assessment and management tool in a
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Vitacco, M. J., Tabernik, H. E., Zavodny, D., Bailey, K. & Waggoner, C. (2016). Projecting risk: The importance of the HCR 20 risk management scale in predicting outcomes with forensic patients Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 34(2 3), 308 320. Access Here
Alderman,START
Chu, C., Thomas, S. D. M.., Ogloff, J. R.P. & Daffern, M. (2011). The predictive validity of the short term assessment of risk and treatability (START) in a secure forensic hospital: Risk factors and strengths. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(4), 337 345. Access Here.
Schaap, G., Lammers, S. and de Vogel, V. (2009). Risk assessment in female forensic psychiatric patients: A quasi prospective study into the validity of the HCR 20 and PCL R. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(3), 354 365. Access Here
Collins, M. J., Desmarais, S.L., Nicholls, T.L. & Brink, J. (2008) The Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Evaluating perceived utility and user satisfaction in clinical practice Poster presented at the meetings of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services, Vienna, Austria. [Not accessible]
Dickens, G. L. & O’Shea, L. E. (2015) How short should short term risk assessment be? Determining the optimum interval for START reassessment in a secure mental health service. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 122(6), 397 406. Access Here.
Desmarais, S. L., Sellers, B. G., Viljoen, J. L., Cruise, K. R., Nicholls, T. L. & Dvoskin, J. A. (2012b). Pilot implementation and preliminary evaluation of START:AV assessments in secure juvenile correctional facilities International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(3), 150 164. Access Here
civil psychiatric setting. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(1), 13 28. Access Here.
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Doyle, M., Lewis, G. & Brisbane, M. (2008). Implementing the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in a forensic mental health service. Psychiatric Bulletin 32, 406 408. Access Here
Gray, N. S., Benson, R., Craig, R., Davies, H., Fitzgerald, S., Huckle, P., Maggs, R., Taylor, J., Trueman, M., Williams, T. & Snowden, R. J. (2011) The Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): A prospective study of inpatient behavior. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(4), 305 313. Access Here
Kroppan, E., Nesset, M. B., Nonstad, K., Pedersen, T. W., Almvik, R. & Palmstierna, T. (2011) Implementation of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in a forensic high secure unit International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(1), 7 12. Access Here.
Nicholls, T. L., Brink, J., Desmarais, S. L., Webster, C. D. & Martin, M. L. (2006). The Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): A prospective validation study in a forensic psychiatric sample Assessment, 13(3), 313 327. Access Here
O'Shea, L. E. & Dickens, G. L. (2015) Predictive validity of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) for aggression and self harm in a secure mental health service: Gender differences.’ International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 14(2), 132 146. Access Here
Marriott, R., O’Shea, L. E., Picchichi, M. M. & Dickens, G. L. (2017). Predictive validity of the short term assessment of risk and treatability (START) for multiple adverse outcomes: The effect of diagnosis. Psychiatry Research, 256, 435 443. Access Here.
de Vogel, V., Bruggeman, M. & Lancel, M. (2019) Gender sensitive violence risk assessment: Predictive validity of six tools in female forensic psychiatric patients . Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(4), 528 549. Access Here
Desmarais, S. L., Nicholls, T. L., Wilson, C. M. & Brink, J. (2012a). Using dynamic risk and protective factors to predict inpatient aggression: Reliability and validity of START assessments. Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 685 700. Access Here
Kroppan, E., Nonstad, K., Iversen, R. B. & Sondenaa, E. (2017) Implementation of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability over two phases. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 321 336. Access Here
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Viljoen, J. L., Beneteau, J. L., Gulbransen, E., Brodersen, E., Desmarais, S. L., Nicholls, T. L. & Cruise, K. R. (2012) Assessment of multiple risk outcomes, strengths, and change with the START:AV: A short term prospective study with adolescent offenders. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(3), 165 180. Access Here
TRAP Brugh,18C.S.,
Challacombe, D. J., & Lucas, P. A. (2018). Postdicting violence with sovereign citizen actors: An exploratory test of the TRAP 18. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, Advance Online Publication. Access Here
Webster, C. D., Martin, M. L., Brink, J., Nicholls, T. L. & Middleton, C. (2004) Manual for the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Version 1.0 consultation Edition. Hamilton, Canada: St. Joseph's Healthcare; Port Coquitlam, Canada: Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission. [Not accessible]
Timmins, K. L. E., Evans, L. & Tully, R. J. (2018). Inter rater reliability of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START). Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 29(6), 968 988. Access Here.
Viljoen, S., Nicholls, T., Greaves, C., de Ruiter, C. & Brink, J. (2011). Resilience and successful community reintegration among female forensic patients: A preliminary investigation. Behavioral Science and the Law, 29(5), 752 770. Access Here
Wilson, C. M., Desmarais, S. L., Nicholls T. L. & Brink, J. (2010). The role of client strengths in assessments of violence risk using the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9(4), 282 293. Access Here.
Erlandsson, A., & Meloy, J. R. (2018). The Swedish school attack in Trollhättan. Journal of Forensic Science, 63(6), 1917 1927. Access Here.
Böckler, N., Hoffmann, J., & Zick, A. (2015). The Frankfurt airport attack: A case study on the radicalization of a lone actor terrorist. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 2(3 4), 153 163. Access Here
Goodwill, A., & Meloy, J. R. (2019) Visualizing the relationship among indicators for lone actor terrorist attacks: Multidimensional scaling and the validity of the TRAP 18. Behavioral Sciences and the Law [in press]
O’Shea, L. E., Picchioni, M. M. & Dickens, G. L. (2016). The predictive validity of the Short term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) for multiple adverse outcomes in a secure psychiatric inpatient settings. Assessment, 23(2), 150 162. Access Here.
Desmarais, S. L., & Simons-Rudolph, J. (2020). Application of the TRAP 18 framework to U.S. and Western European lone actor terrorists. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. Access Here.
Quinn, R., Miles, H. & Kinane, C. (2013). The validity of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in a UK medium secure forensic mental health service International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 12(3), 215 224. Access Here
Meloy, J. R., Hoffmann, J., Roshdi, K., & Guldimann, A. (2014). Some warning behaviors discriminate between school shooters and other students of concern. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 1(3), 203 211. Access Here
Meloy, J. R., & Gill, P. (2016). The lone-actor terrorist and the TRAP 18. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 3(11), 37 52. Access Here.
Meloy, J. R., & Genzmas, J. (2016) The Clinical Threat Assessment of the Lone Actor Terrorist. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 39(4), 649 662. Access Here
Meloy, J. R. (2019). Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP 18). In M Lloyd (Ed.). Extremism risk assessment: A directory. (pp. 33 38). Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats Access Here
Abbiati,VRAG-R
Andreau Rodriguez, J. M., Peña Fernández, M. E. & Loza, W. (2016). Predicting risk of violence through a self appraisal questionnaire. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 8(2), 51 56. Access Here
Meloy, J. R. (2016) TRAP 18 Manual. New York: Global Institute of Forensic Research. [Not accessible]
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Meloy, J., R., Goodwill, A. M., Meloy, M. J., Amat, G., Martinez, M., & Morgan, M. (2019) Some TRAP 18 indicators discriminate between terrorist attacks and other subjects of national security concern. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, Advance online publication. Access Here
Meloy, J. R., Roshdi, L., Giaz Ocik, J., & Hoffmann, J. (2016) Investigating the individual terrorist in Europe. Threat Assessment and Management, 2(3 4), 140 152. Access Here.
Guldimann, A., & Meloy, J.R. (2020). Assessing the threat of lone actor terrorism: the reliability and validity of the TRAP 18. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 14, 158 166. Access here.
Barra, S., Bessler, C., Landolt, M. A. & Aebi, M. (2018). Testing the validity of criminal risk assessment tools in sexually abusive youth Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 1430 1443. Access Here.
M., Laix, J., Gasser, J. & Malin, V. (2014). Predicting physically violent misconduct in prison: A comparison of four risk assessment instruments. Behavioral Science and the Law, 37(1), 61 77. Access Here.
Meloy, J. R. (2018). The operational development and empirical testing of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP 18). Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(5), 483 492. Access Here.
Brookstein, D., Daffern, M. & Ogloff, J. (2016) For better or worse: The predictive validity of the HCR 20 V3 and the VRAG R in community settings. International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Conference, New York, 21 23 June 2016. [Not accessible]
Doyle, M., Dolan, M. & McGovern, J. (2002). The validity of Northern American risk assessment tools in predicting in-patient behaviour in England. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 7(2), 141 154. Access Here
Doyle, M. and Dolan, M. (2006). Predicting community violence from patients discharged from mental health services. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(6), 520 526. Access Here
Endrass, J., Rossegger, A., Frischknecht, A., Noll, T. & Urbaniok, F. (2008) Using the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) to predict in prison aggressive behavior in a Swiss offender population. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(1), 81 89. Access Here
Gray, N. S., Fitzgerald, J., Taylor, J. L., MacCulloch, M. J. & Snowden, R. J. (2007). Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL SV, and the HCR 20. Psychological Assessment, 19(4), 474 479. Access Here.
Glover, A. J. J., Churcher, F. P., Gray, A. L., Mills, J. F., & Nicholson, D. E. (2017). A cross-validation of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide Revised (VRAG R) within a correctional sample. Law and Human Behavior, 41(6), 507 518. Access Here.
Access Here
Cox, J., Fairfax Columbo, J., DeMatteo, D., Vitacco, M. J., Kopkin, M. R., Parrott, C. T. & Bownes, E. (2018) An update and expansion of the role of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide and Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 in United States case law. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 36(5), 517 531. Access Here
Doyle, M., Carter, S., Shaw, J. & Dolan, M. (2012). Predicting community violence from patients discharged from acute mental health units in England. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(4), 627 637. Access Here.
Camilleri, J. A. and Quinsey, V. L. (2011). Appraising the risk of sexual and violent recidivism among intellectually disabled offenders.. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(1), 59 74.
Access Here
Daffern, M. (2007). The predictive validity and practical utility of structured schemes used to assess risk for aggression in psychiatric inpatient settings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1), 116 130. Access Here
Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Zhang, T., Sizmur, S., Roberts, C., Farrington, D. P. & Rogers, R. D. (2009) Gender differences in structured risk assessment: Comparing the accuracy of five instruments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(2), 337 348.
Eisenbarth, H., Osterheider, M., Nedopil, N. & Stadtland, C. (2012). Recidivism in female offenders: PCL R lifestyle factor and VRAG show predictive validity in a German sample. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 30(5), 575 584. Access Here
Harris, G. T., Rice, M.E. & Quinsey, V. L. (2016) Violence Risk Appraisal Guide Revised, 2013: User guide. Belfast, Northern Ireland: Data Services, Queen’s University Library. Access Here
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Quinsey, L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E. & Cormier, C. A. (2006) Violent offenders: Appraising and managing the risk. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association. [Not accessible]
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., Lang, C. & Chaplin, T. C. (2008). Sexual preferences and recidivism of sex offenders with mental retardation. Sexual Abuse, 20(4), 409 425. Access Here
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T. & Lang, C. (2013). Validation of and revision to the VRAG and SORAG: the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide Revised (VRAG R). Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 951 965. Access Here.
Loza, W. & Dhaliwal, G. K. (1997). Psychometric evaluation of the Risk Appraisal Guide (RAG): A tool for assessing violent recidivism Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(6), 779 793. Access Here.
Kröner, C., Stadtland, C., Eidt, M., & Nedopil, N. (2007). The validity of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) in predicting criminal recidivism. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 17(2), 89 100. Access Here.
Pouls, C. & Jeandarme, I. (2018). Predicting institutional aggression in offenders with intellectual disabilities using the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. Journal of Applied Research In Intellectual Disabilities, 31(2), e265 e271. Access Here.
Hastings, M. E., Krishnan, S., Tangney, J. & Stuewig, J. (2011). Predictive and incremental validity of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide scores with male and female jail inmates.’ Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 174 83. Access Here.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L. & Cormier, C. A. (2015). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk (3rd ed.). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. Access Here
Ho, H., Thomson, L. & Darjee, R. (2009) Violence risk assessment: the use of the PCL SV, HCR-20, and VRAG to predict violence in mentally disordered offenders discharged from a medium secure unit in Scotland. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 20(4), 523 541. Access Here
Langton, M., C., Barbaree, H., Seto, M., C., Peacock, E. J., Harkins, L. & Hansen, K. (2007). Actuarial assessment of risk for reoffense among adult sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(1), 37 59. Access Here
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Hertz, P. G., Eher, R., Etzler, S. & Rettenberger, M. (2019). Cross-validation of the revised version of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG R) in a sample of individuals convicted of sexual offences. Sexual Abuse, 1-25. Access Here
Mills, J. F., Kroner, D. G. & Hemmati, T. (2007) The validity of violence risk estimates: An issue of item performance. Psychological Services, 4(1), 1–12. Access Here.
Olver M. E. & Sewall, L. A. (2018) Cross-validation of the discrimination and calibration properties of the VRAG R in a treated sexual offender sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 45(6), 741 761. Access Here
Verbrugge, H. M., Goodman Delahunty, J. & Frize, M. C. J. (2011). Risk assessment in intellectually disabled offenders: Validation of the suggested ID supplement to the HCR-20.’ International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 10(2), 83 91. Access Here.
Doyle, M., Carter, S., Shaw, J. & Dolan, M. (2012). Predicting community violence from patients discharged from acute mental health units in England. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(4), 627 637. Access Here
Dolan, M., Fullam, R., Logan, C. & Davies, G. (2008). The Violence Risk Scale second edition (VRS 2) as a predictor of institutional violence in a British forensic inpatient sample. Psychiatry Research, 158(1), 55 65. Access Here
D. A. & Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th edition). Salisbury, UK: Anderson Publishing Ltd. Access Here.
Thomson, L., Davidson, M., Brett, C., Steele, J. & Darjee, R. (2008) risk assessment in forensic patients with schizophrenia: The predictive validity of actuarial scales and symptom severity for offending and violence over 8 – 10 years. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 7(2), 173 189. Access Here
Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. & Taylor, J. (2010). Risk assessment for future violence in individuals from an ethnic minority group in the UK. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9(2), 118 123. Access Here
Andrews,VRS-2
Lewis, K., Olver, M. E. & P., S. C. (2013). The Violence Risk Scale: Predictive validity and linking changes in risk with violent recidivism in a sample of high- risk offenders with psychopathic traits Assessment, 20(2), 150 164. Access Here.
RATED page updated: April 2021 © Risk Management Authority 2021
Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. & Fitzgerald, S. (2009). Assessing risk of future violence among forensic psychiatric inpatients with the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR). Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1522 1526. Access Here.
Rossegger, A., Laubacher, A., Moskvitin, K., Villmar, T., Palermo, G. B. & Endrass, J. (2011). Risk assessment instruments in repeat offending: The usefulness of FOTRES.’ International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(5), 716 731. Access Here
Daffern, M. (2007). The predictive validity and practical utility of structured schemes used to assess risk for aggression in psychiatric inpatient settings. Aggression and Violent Behavior 12(1), 116 130. Access Here.
Stewart, C. A. (2011) Risk assessment of federal female offenders Unpublished doctoral thesis. Saskatchewan, Canada: University of Saskatchewan. Access Here.
Dolan, M. & Fullam, R. (2007). The validity of the Violence Risk Scale second edition (VRS 2) in a British forensic inpatient sample. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 18(3), 381 393. Access Here.
Wong, S. & Gordon, A. (1999) Manual for the Violence Risk Scale. Saskatchewan, Canada: University of Saskatchewan. [Not accessible]
Tools awaiting validation
Yesberg, J. A. & Polaschek, D. L. L. (2014). What can the DRAOR tell us about high risk offenders? A preliminary examination. Practice: The New Zealand Corrections Journal, 2(1), 13 19. Access Here.
Zhang X. L., Chen X. C., Cai W. X. & Hu, J. M. (2012). Reliability of the violence risk scale of Chinese version [article in Chinese] Fa Yi Xue Za Zh, 28(1), 32 35. Access Here
Hanby, L. (2013) A longitudinal study of dynamic risk, protective factors and criminal recidivism: change over time and the impact of assessment timing [Doctoral thesis, Carleton University]. Carleton University Research Virtual Environment (CURVE). Access Here
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