WA DEFENCE REVIEW 2019 Annual Publication by relativitygroup

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEWS

SENATOR LINDA REYNOLDS: AUSTRALIAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S WORLD-CLASS DEFENCE SECTOR PAUL PAPALIA MLA: RISE OF DEFENCE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

ADM PHILIP S. DAVIDSON: USINDOPACOM & AUSTRALIA RADM WENDY MALCOLM: MODERNISATION & TRANSFORMATION OF THE NAVY

EXPERT COMMENTARY

MELISSA PRICE MP: DEVELOPMENTS IN AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY ANNUAL PUBLICATION - 2ND EDITION AUGUST 2019

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EDITORIAL

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEWS SENATOR LINDA REYNOLDS: AUSTR ALIA’S WORLD-CLASS DEFEN CE SECTOR PAUL PAPALIA MLA: THE RISE OF DEFENCE IN WEST ERN AUSTRALIA

INTRODUCTION By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Following the highly successful launch of the WA DEFENCE REVIEW Annual Publication in October last year, we have gone from strength to strength in our efforts to provide value to our clients, stakeholders and growing readership. The Annual Publication is distributed to officials in government, military and defence industry in both hard and soft copy to a combined readership of over 10,000 professionals. The online version is circulated widely through social media and through direct, vetted email distribution. The inaugural 2018 Annual Publication received strong support from industry with a total of 52 advertisements. We printed 4000 hard copies and have within an eight-month period successfully distributed nearly all of these throughout government and industry in Western Australia and to targeted defence-related organisations and audiences in every State and Territory throughout Australia, and overseas to New Zealand. We distributed over 600 hard copies of our inaugural edition in Canberra and circulated a similar number in Victoria at the 2019 Avalon Airshow. WA DEFENCE REVIEW was also a media partner to the 2019 Australian Superyacht & Marine Export Conference (ASMEX) at

The recipients of the 2019 Aspire Awards: Serge DeSilva-Ranasinghe, Managing Director, WA DEFENCE REVIEW and Josef Ignacio Czeschka Rojas of L2S Engineering being presented their awards at the Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre by the Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA, Minister for Defence Issues, WA Government.

EDITION 2 • 2019

Sanctuary Waters Queensland, and the 2019 Northern Australia Conference at Karratha Western Australia, where another 200 hard copies were distributed respectively. In recognition of WA DEFENCE REVIEW’s accomplishments, we are delighted to have been honoured by the WA Government with the inaugural Defence West Defence Professional Development Award presented earlier this year by the WA Minister for Defence Issues, the Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA. WA DEFENCE REVIEW was also nominated as a finalist at the 2019 Fremantle Business Awards alongside Civmec and IKAD Engineering for the Marine and Defence Industry Excellence category. The principal focus of WA DEFENCE REVIEW is to analyse Australian defence and industry from a West Coast perspective. In comparison to our inaugural edition, the 2019 Annual Publication is in a class of its own, with considerable improvements and almost twice the size of the first edition packed with high-profile, informative and thought-provoking content. As such we are delighted that the 2019 Annual Publication attracted 70 advertisements, thereby again reliably demonstrating that WA DEFENCE REVIEW’s access, reputation and influence has expanded considerably in a relatively short time. Among the key highlights in this year’s edition is that we have secured more exclusive interviews and published unique original content providing unprecedented insights into Western Australia’s defence sector. We have also introduced three new columns: Indian Ocean Security, Northern Australian Security and Veterans’ Affairs. It is also noteworthy that in

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AUGUST 2019

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this edition WA DEFENCE REVIEW is the first Australian defence publication to have secured an interview with the commander of the US IndoPacific Command.

Among the key highlights in this year’s edition is that we have secured more exclusive interviews and published unique original content providing unprecedented insights into Western Australia’s defence sector. WA DEFENCE REVIEW is proud to be associated with Western Australia’s annual flagship event and to again launch our Annual Publication at the WA Indo-Pacific Defence Conference. We are committed to enhancing Western Australia’s profile and shall continue to attend and partner with defencerelated organisations throughout Australia. Coming up we will have a presence at the Pacific 2019 International Maritime Exposition and are a media partner to the 2019 Substec5 Conference. Similarly, we are also committed to exploring opportunities to enter international markets in Asia, Europe and North America. We hope you enjoy our 2019 Edition!

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TEAM

SERGE DESILVA-RANASINGHE Managing Editor

editor@wadefencereview.com.au Serge DeSilva-Ranasinghe is the author of over 500 articles on topics spanning strategic policy, political risk, maritime security, military affairs, transnational security and defence industry.He has interviewed numerous senior political, government, military and industry figures, with his work featured in publications such as The Diplomat, Harvard International Review, Forbes Asia, Jane’s Defence Weekly, Jane’s Intelligence Review, Military Technology, NAVAL FORCES, The Australian, Australian Financial Review, and many more. He has appeared on radio and television, chaired dozens of events and been invited to deliver presentations for organisations such as the Committee for the Economic Development of Australia (CEDA), Australasian Council of Security Professionals, Australian Defence College, Special Operations Command, Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation, Defence, Science and Technology and numerous other organisations. Serge is the Defence Advisor to the CORE Innovation Hub which is WA’s premier start-up precinct, is an Associate Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management WA, Associate of Security Professionals Australasia, is an Honorary Fellow with the National Security Institute, University of Canberra, and is the former President of the Australian Industry & Defence Network of WA.

DR STEPHANIE KOOREY

TERRY BOOTH

ANGELINO SCHINTU

SEAN GOUGH

SIMON LOUIE

VALERIE LATIMOUR

ELEANOR CHAPPELL

DAVID NICOLSON

Consulting Editor & Senior Correspondent

Policy Blog Editor & Defence Writer

Events Support Coordinator

Special Correspondent

Defence Writer

Senior Media Advisor & Asia Pacific Correspondent

Defence Writer

Photographer

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEWS

ADM PHILIP S. DAVIDSON: USINDOPACOM & AUSTRALIA RADM WENDY MALCOLM: MODERNISATION & TRANSFORMATION OF THE NAVY

EXPERT COMMENTARY

MELISSA PRICE MP: DEVELOPMENTS IN AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY

IAN IRVING: FUTURE NAVAL SHIPBUILDING WORKFORCE

RACHEL NOBLE: CYBER RESILIENCE & DEFENCE INDUSTRY

ANNUAL PUBLICATION - 2ND EDITION AUGUST 2019

Cover: Romeo Flight Two prepare to launch the embarked MH-60 Romeo helicopter onboard HMAS Warramunga during Exercise KAKADU 2016.

EDITION 2 • 2019

SENATOR LINDA REYNOLDS: AUSTRALIA’S WORLD-CLASS DEFENCE SECTOR PAUL PAPALIA MLA: RISE OF DEFENCE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Editor and Publisher: Serge DeSilva-Ranasinghe PO Box 6701, East Perth, WA 6892 For advertising enquiries: admin@wadefencereview.com.au

Design and Production: Lyndle Stokes Design U47/ 87 Bulwer Street, Perth, WA 6000 lsd-advertising.com.au

Printed by: Vanguard Press vanguardpress.com.au

Disclaimer: Any opinion expressed is the honest belief of the author based on all available facts, but is not necessarily the view of WA DEFENCE REVIEW or its employees. Comments and facts should not be relied upon by the reader in taking commercial, legal, financial, or other decisions. Articles are by their nature general, and readers are advised to seek specialist advice before acting on information published within which may not be appropriate for the readers’ particular circumstances. WA DEFENCE REVIEW will not accept liability for any error or omissions printed, however caused. All rights reserved. The ownership of trademarks is acknowledged. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form without the written permission of WA DEFENCE REVIEW. Copyright © 2019 WA DEFENCE REVIEW

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CONTENTS 4.

WA DEFENCE REVIEW TEAM

8. STATE OF WA’S DEFENCE SECTOR By Serge DeSilva-Ranasinghe 14. AUSTRALIA’S INDO-PACIFIC FUTURE By Professor Stephen Smith 16. A CHANGING AIRPOWER BALANCE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA By Dr Peter Layton

70. AN INCUBATOR FOR INNOVATION: START-UPS AND DEFENCE INDUSTRY By Aaron Schier & Stephanie Koorey 74.

24. DEFENCE LOGISTICS: NORTHERN AUSTRALIA’S ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CRUCIAL TO NATIONAL SECURITY By Cam Dumesny

“

In the 2020s, the Australian Army must view itself as an operational force capable of exerting land power for strategic effect across the Indo-Pacific spectrum of peace, crisis and war.

26. INTERVIEW: ADM Philip S. Davidson, Commander, USINDOPACOM 32. INTERVIEW: Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds CSC, Minister for Defence, Australian Government 38. AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY: “STRONG, RESILIENT AND INTERNATIONALLY COMPETITIVE” By the Hon. Melissa Price MP

By Professor Michael Evans If the Indo-Pacific geopolitical concept is to amount to more than strategic rhetoric, Australia needs to consider Southeast Asia as a convergent maritime hub that constitutes not a ‘sea-air gap’, but a ‘seaair-land’ bridge into the Malay archipelago that runs from Java to Fiji. A joint and balanced ADF is required with Australian land power reconceived within a ‘two-ocean’ maritime strategic context.

43. CYBER RESILIENCE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRY By Rachel Noble PSM 46.

INTERVIEW: Roland Stephens, Senior Industry Expert for Advanced Manufacturing and Defence, Austrade

52.

THE ASCENDENCY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S DEFENCE SECTOR By the Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA

62. DEFENCE WEST: A GOOD PARTNER TO DEFENCE By Matt Moran 64. WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S NEW ERA FOR DEFENCE SCIENCE By Michele Clement 66. WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S EXPANDING SPACE SECTOR By Professor Peter Klinken AC

EDITION 2 • 2019

DEVELOPING AN AUSTRALIAN NAVAL AND MARITIME VISION FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION By Serge DeSilva-Ranasinghe & Sean Gough

80. STRENGTHENING AUSTRALIA’S NAVAL SHIPBUILDING ENTERPRISE By Ian Irving 82.

GROWING THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE By the Hon. Sue Ellery MP

WITH 108 INTERVIEW MAJGEN Kath Toohey, Head Land Capability, Australian Army

84.

SOUTH METRO TAFE: WA’S LARGEST PROVIDER OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY SKILLING AND TRAINING PROGRAMS By Darshi Ganeson-Oats

90.

INTERVIEW: RADM Wendy Malcolm, Head Maritime Systems, Capability Acquisition & Sustainment Group

98.

INTERVIEW: CDRE Timothy Brown, Director General Submarines, Royal Australian Navy

108. INTERVIEW: MAJGEN Kath Toohey, Head Land Capability, Australian Army 116. DEFENCE FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR WA INDUSTRY By BRIG Matt Galton 118. A TWO-OCEAN ARMY IN AN INDO-PACIFIC ERA By Professor Michael Evans 124. INTERVIEW: Mike von Bertouch, Managing Director, InnovAero 130. INTERVIEW: Paul Colley, Managing Director, Total Marine Technology 132.

THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF THE AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE: CENTRAL TO ALL WE DO By the Hon. Darren Chester MP

ANALYSIS

STATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S DEFENCE SECTOR By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

The State Government’s Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan was released at the inaugural WA Indo-Pacific Defence Conference in October 2018 – to much anticipation. Since then strong progress has already been made towards the implementation of the plan’s recommendations. It is now increasingly apparent that FY2019-2020 will see more noteworthy developments that will steadily raise the profile of WA’s defence sector to historically unprecedented levels.

POISED FOR DEFENCE INVESTMENT Although WA was the last State in Australia to launch such a document, the long-awaited release of the Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan is a major achievement for WA Premier Mark McGowan’s Government. The plan sets an ambitious vision for the State’s defence sector by 2030, and aims to establish WA as an “internationally recognised advanced manufacturing hub” making the defence sector a “key pillar of the Western Australian economy” through a doubling of Defence’s annual contribution to the local economy

from $3bn today to $6bn by 2030. Further, the plan aims for WA to be the “pre-eminent base of operations for all Australian Defence Force operations in the Indian Ocean”. In recognition of the plan’s foresight, the former Defence Minister and now WA Governor, the Hon. Kim Beazley AC labelled it as a “truly brilliant piece of work” and “without question the best statement I have ever seen from a state government about where they wish to see direction go strategically and industrially”. Seen in this light the six key strategies the plan emphasises are:

1. Supporting a strong and Enduring Defence Presence

WA hosts a significant Defence presence. The plan includes actions to develop and promote a comprehensive case for WA to be the principal location for the maintenance and sustainment of all submarines and frigates.

2. Growing the State’s Defence Industry Capability and Contribution

WA will expand its industry capability beyond the maritime area and undertake a range of actions to focus industrial, government, educational and financial resources onto new defence procurement activities emerging in the 2020-2030 timeframe.

3. Developing Strategic Infrastructure

WA is committed to improving the Henderson Precinct and Australian Marine Complex, one of just two locations identified in Australia for naval shipbuilding. Ensuring defence industry and State infrastructure is matched to the current and emerging requirements of Defence is crucial if WA is to remain competitive in bidding for future work.

4. Building Research and Innovation Partnerships

Working collaboratively with the Australian Government and university sector, a Defence Science Centre (DSC) will be established in WA based on similar arrangements in other jurisdictions. Developing a DSC in WA will assist in establishing a formalised partnership that can maximise defence-related research opportunities.

5. Advancing Education, Training and Skilling

Supporting the future needs of Defence’s highly sophisticated platforms and capabilities will demand new skills, knowledge and qualifications. WA will undertake a Defence Workforce Development Plan to ensure the workforce and skilling needs for the WA defence sector are anticipated and met.

6. Supporting Veterans and Families

Develop, in consultation with Defence and local governments, a Veterans and Defence Families Strategy. This will enhance goodwill and relationships between our ADF and WA, support defence industries, and positively contribute to our community.

EDITION 2 • 2019

COMMENTARY

The plan sets an ambitious vision for the State’s defence sector by 2030,

and aims to establish WA as an “internationally recognised advanced manufacturing hub” making the defence sector a “key pillar of the Western Australian economy” through a doubling of Defence’s annual contribution to the local economy from...

$3bn

$6bn

by 2030. Further, the plan aims for WA to be the “pre-eminent base of operations for all Australian Defence Force operations in the Indian Ocean”.

today to

WA Defence Advocate, RADM Raydon Gates (Rtd) chaired the inaugural WA DEFENCE REVIEW Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue in February 2018 held at the Fremantle Chamber of Commerce.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS As the allure of a growing defence industry increases in Western Australia, and especially as it starts to gain traction, the State is increasingly positioning itself to benefit from a wide range of opportunities. WA Defence Advocate, RADM Raydon Gates (Rtd) confirmed “The year 2020 will be a period of growth for the defence sector as the Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan moves from development to implementation. Major projects will continue to offer opportunities for industry with the Commonwealth’s large infrastructure projects at HMAS Stirling, RAAF Bases Pearce and Learmonth (including upgrades to the civil-military airfield at Cocos Keeling Islands) and Army’s Campbell Barracks”. He continued “The long-awaited commencement for the construction of the 10 Offshore Patrol Vessels will begin at Henderson, and shall occur in tandem with the ongoing build for the Guardian Class Pacific Patrol Boats. But for me, the most exciting development is the new work to be undertaken at South Metro TAFE and the Naval Shipbuilding College to train a world-class workforce to ensure that WA maintains and grows a stronger defence sector into the future”.

EDITION 2 • 2019

COMMENTARY

Partnering with Engineers Australia and the CORE Innovation Hub, WA DEFENCE REVIEW in August 2018 held the event ‘Defence Innovation and Start-Ups: Insights from WA Industry’.

Indeed, since the release of the plan there have been an array of other significant developments that have taken place between November 2018 and August 2019 that further amplify the depth of WA’s defence sector, adding further momentum to the State’s longterm economic prospects. In December 2018, Airbus Defence and Space announced the opening of the world’s first state-ofthe-art Zephyr Solar High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS) operational launch site for solar-electric stratospheric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at the Wyndham Airfield in the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley in Australia’s North West. In January 2019, the WA Government launched the Future Battery Industry Strategy Western Australia to grow the State into a world-leading exporter of future battery minerals, materials,

EDITION 2 • 2019

Although not a major public debate at present, the matter of Defence force posture is likely to become a central theme to the future growth of WA’s defence economy, particularly in the context of the rise of the IndoPacific.

ANALYSIS

technologies and expertise. This was pivotal in influencing the Australian Government’s decision to establish the Future Battery Industries Cooperative Research Centre in Perth which was announced in April. In March 2019, the US company, Phoenix International won a $388m contract to provide submarine rescue services to the Royal Australian Navy based at the AMC. That same month the Lockheed Martin-owned company Sikorsky announced the relocation of its Forward Stocking Location (FSL) from Australia’s east coast in Brisbane to the west coast in Perth. Commenting on this initiative Sikorsky Australia’s General Manager, Andrew Rushbrook, said “We are seeing increased uptake of Sikorsky aircraft in the Asia Pacific region, across a range of industries. Relocating the FSL to Western Australia will improve wait times and increase efficiency for all our customers, which is a great outcome for us here at Sikorsky Australia”. In May the WA Government opened the Naval Base campus of South Metro TAFE, which is an upgraded training facility to cater for the future needs of the WA defence industry workforce. Also co-located at the Naval Base campus is the newly created WA Defence Industry Workforce Office to develop a comprehensive defence industry workforce development plan. Since the Naval Base campus was opened in early May, the Naval Shipbuilding College has also opened its new WA office which is co-located within South Metro TAFE. And in June there were three significant developments. First, the WA Government appointed a new Executive Director, Matt Moran, to head the Office of Defence West to deliver on the requirements of the plan. Second was the launch of the new Defence Science Centre which is a collaboration between the State and Commonwealth Governments and WA’s four public universities. Third, was the establishment of a Defence Advisory Forum with representation from local industry and WA universities. Further, the number of WA enterprises seeking Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC) assistance – and successfully competing for funding – has increased noticeably. The CDIC states that between 5 December 2016 and 31 July 2019, it provided 122 Advisory and Facilitation services to WA businesses, of which 37 firms received Capability Improvement Grants totalling $1,531,815 (excluding GST). This is a considerable increase from the period of 5 December 2016 to 30 September 2018, where the CDIC provided 97 Advisory and Facilitation services, and only 15 WA companies receiving Capability Improvement Grants that totalled $436,896 (excluding GST). Tangible progress has also been made in the realms of defence-related R&D. Team WA Universities spokesperson, Dr Andrew Dowse AO, who is also the Director, Defence Research and Engagement at Edith Cowan University summed up the expanding potential “The four WA public universities continue to work closely on Defence related matters under the Team

Given that WA is Australia’s resources sector hub, the synergistic potential with this sector is becoming increasingly apparent as Defence looks to leverage cutting-edge technological innovation, especially in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles, surface vehicles and sea surface vehicles capabilities to enhance its efficacy and maintain its warfighting edge. WA concept. This close cooperation was evident in the co-hosting of the Enhanced Disruptive Technology Assessment Symposium for space technologies, held in Perth in March”. He also noted “The universities have also been closely associated with the Undersea Decision Superiority research network, which is aimed at improving submarine capability. WA researchers will work even more collaboratively in Defence projects in future, especially with the expectation that the majority of projects commissioned through the DSC will be multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary, reflecting the universities’ commitment to putting the best talent to work on complex Defence challenges”. Given that WA is Australia’s resources sector hub, the synergistic potential with this sector is becoming increasingly apparent as Defence looks to leverage cutting-edge technological innovation, especially in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles, surface vehicles and sea surface vehicles capabilities to enhance its efficacy and maintain its warfighting edge. Further, as WA is a renowned national and international space hub there is growing potential for a convergence in defence and space cooperation for the purposes of space surveillance and communications. For example, in May Defence’s Estate and Infrastructure Group handed over ownership of the new Exmouthlocated Space Surveillance Telescope building to Defence’s Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group (CASG). Built jointly by Aurecon and Sitlzer Construction, the $97.2m building and support facilities are an important milestone to Project AIR 3029 Phase 2 – Space Surveillance Telescope.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ANALYSIS

In June 2019 WA DEFENCE REVIEW hosted the eminent speaker event ‘Future of the Defence Sector in the South West: The City of Fremantle’, which for the first time profiled the City of Fremantle’s potential for further involvement in the defence sector.

FUTURE PROSPECTS There are potentially many more significant Commonwealth plans being considered and refined between now and the 2020 WA Indo Pacific Defence Conference, and these will further strengthen the State’s defence sector. One such initiative is over the future disposition of full-cycle submarine docking in Adelaide, and whether this could be relocated to Henderson. In addition, and as pledged earlier this year by the Morrison Government in the lead up to the Australian Federal election in May, there is a strong likelihood that Navy’s new hydrographic/oceanographic vessel and new minehunter vessels will be built in Western Australia, although this has yet to be included in the Defence budget. In the meantime, Perth will again host the prestigious Australian American Leadership Dialogue, which will coincide with the second WA IndoPacific Defence Conference scheduled for August 2019. The Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan, which was compiled in consultation with the former Australian Special Operations Commander, MAJGEN Jeff Sengelman (Rtd) who served as a key advisor, has set in motion a comprehensive framework for the development of the State’s defence sector as the McGowan Government looks to further diversifying the State’s economy. It is worth noting that the initial momentum for, and indeed awakening within the McGowan Government to pursue defence as a pillar for economic development, was also heavily influenced by the pragmatic advice and even Delphic pronouncements of Mr Beazley who was the architect of the Two Ocean Navy policy of 1987 that culminated in Australia’s most significant defence force posture redistribution since World War II. Although not a major public debate at present, the

EDITION 2 • 2019

matter of Defence force posture is likely to become a central theme to the future growth of WA’s defence economy, particularly in the context of the rise of the Indo-Pacific. It is difficult to improve upon Mr Beazley’s visionary comments made to Regional Development Australia in August 2017 “Western Australia has turned from being the defence Cinderella state into the heart of Australia’s defence. We are central to our capacity to project capability into the critical Indian Ocean zone, and to defence of our approaches. We are also crucial to our main alliance partner”. He added “This presents opportunities for industry. The WA perspective has been, and is being, injected into the broad Australian outlook. We need to ensure that perspective is well based and supported in, and by, our political and academic institutions”. Western Australia is now clearly in a process of renaissance and consolidation, and as this gains momentum, WA’s defence sector is without doubt becoming an industry of international repute over the years ahead.

Although WA was the last State in Australia to launch such a document, the long-awaited release of the Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan is a major achievement for WA Premier Mark McGowan’s Government.

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COMMENTARY

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

AUSTRALIA’S INDO-PACIFIC FUTURE By Professor Stephen Smith,

Director, Perth USAsia Centre; Former Minister for Defence, Foreign Affairs & Trade

With increasing acceptance and consolidation of the Indo-Pacific geo-strategic construct as an organising principle for Australia and key regional partners, the Indian Ocean region takes its place as a critical aspect of Australia’s defence and national security architecture.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The term ‘Indo-Pacific’ entered into official Commonwealth of Australia policy with the publication of the 2013 Defence White Paper. Both the 2016 Defence White Paper and the 2017 Foreign Policy White Paper reinforced it as a policy imperative and consolidated the term and its meaning. It has now become part of Australia’s lexicon. It has taken some time for key regional partners to move to adopt this same framework of analysis, but now the Indo-Pacific is more than just an idea whose time has come. While different regional countries may have different, nuanced, definitions of the Indo-Pacific, the strategic analysis now writes itself. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), led by Indonesia, is now working through its detailed approach to the Indo-Pacific. US Pacific Command is now US Indo Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM). India’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs now has an Indo-Pacific division, as does the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade here in Australia. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Indonesian President Joko Widodo stood shoulder to shoulder in Jakarta waxing lyrical about the IndoPacific in 2018, and at Shangri-La Dialogues, Modi competed with then US Secretary for Defense Jim Mattis over who can say Indo-Pacific more times in one speech! Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe also uses the term at every opportunity.

It has taken some time for key regional partners to move to adopt this same framework of analysis, but now the Indo-Pacific is more than just an idea whose time has come. While different regional countries may have different, nuanced, definitions of the Indo-Pacific, the strategic analysis now writes itself. 14

EDITION 2 • 2019

One wonders, what is driving this acceptance? What drives it is the inexorable rise of economic, political, military and strategic heft in the Indian Ocean region. Or, put simply, the rise of the world’s largest democracy, India, as a great economy and great power, and the rise of Indonesia as a significant global influence, no

The current focus on strategic competition between China and the US – or as it might now be described, a cold war with economic characteristics – and the necessary greater Australian focus on the strategic importance of the South Pacific and Pacific Island countries as a result of a much more assertive China, presents a real risk that Australian policy implementation could drop the ‘Indo’ in favour of the ‘Pacific’. longer just an ASEAN or regional power. While the world is now fixated upon the strategic competition between the current two great powers, the United States and China, and the concerns and risks that brings, in the blink of an eye there will be three great powers: China, India and the US. By 2050, China, India and the US will be the top three economies, probably in that order. Indonesia, the world’s third largest democracy, will be the fourth largest economy. And even if not getting there quite by itself, it certainly will along with the ASEAN Economic Community. If all these projections are true, why is there now a real risk that Australia could fail to put enhancing its trade, investment, political, military and strategic engagement with India and Indonesia among its highest priorities? The current focus on strategic competition between China and the US – or as it might now be described, a cold war with economic characteristics – and the necessary greater Australian focus on the strategic importance of the South Pacific and Pacific Island countries as a result of a much more assertive China, presents a real risk that Australian policy implementation could drop the ‘Indo’ in favour of the ‘Pacific’.

COMMENTARY

INDIAN OCEAN COMMENTARY SECURITY

POLICY OPTIONS How do we ensure that Australian Foreign, Trade, Defence and National Security policy implementation manages to redress this possibility? There are a number of practical actions that Australia could now take, including in the defence and military space, to build a greater Indian Ocean focus:

• following on from the 2017 Foreign Policy White Paper, conduct an Australian Force Posture Review to forensically examine Australia’s Defence Services Force Posture in the north and west of our continent • engage India, Japan, and the US on the geostrategic implications for military and defence capability of the current limited supply chains for rare earths, critical minerals and battery quality minerals • examine the notion of an Indian Ocean Patrol Boat program, for Indian Ocean littoral states, on the model of the Pacific Patrol Boat program • engage India on cyber security issues

• conduct a study on the Indonesian economy, as Australian previously has done for the Indian economy, and provide a practical pathway for Australian industry to trade with Indonesia in the new Indonesia-Australia and its Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement trading environment • lift the Trilateral Dialogue between India, Indonesia and Australia from Officials level to Ministerial level • work with India and Indonesia to make the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) a more effective regional architecture for the Indian Ocean region These practical initiatives, and others like them, will ensure that our Foreign, Defence and National Security focus is not cast too narrowly, and that we continue to build Australia for its Indo-Pacific future.

• work with India and Indonesia to have an East Asia Summit Defence Ministers meet every year, as Foreign Ministers and leaders currently do

• engage India to conduct trilateral naval exercises with Australia and the US Navy out of Australia’s Indian Ocean naval base HMAS Stirling

In addition to these practical steps in the defence and security arena, there are also a number of more general policy initiatives which Australia could pursue to signal that India and Indonesia form part of our key relationships:

POLICY OPTIONS

• engage Indonesia to conduct trilateral exercises with Australia, and rotating US marines out of Darwin

HMA Ships Canberra and Newcastle sail in company during Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019.

EDITION 2 • 2019

By Dr Peter Layton,

Visiting Fellow, Griffith Asia Institute

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

A CHANGING AIRPOWER BALANCE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR AUSTRALIA The Indian Ocean region is changing. A new balance of power is emerging as India rises, China enters and the United States begins concentrating its efforts elsewhere. The balance of power term explicitly relates to military power and the most technical, individually destructive and prestigious military force is airpower. In recent years, Indian Ocean states have invested in enlarging and modernising their air forces, some to fight and win wars, others to enhance their status. In that, only three Indian Ocean states deploy globally significant airpower: India, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Off stage though, US airpower and to a lesser extent that of China, France and the UK await the call to intervene.

On the western side of the Indian Ocean, most air forces comprise mainly transport aircraft and a token obsolescent fighter force. The Kenyan Air Force operates upgraded US F-5 aircraft, neighbour Tanzania has Chinese J-7s (new-build Mig-21s), while Mozambique has several old Soviet-era Mig-21s recently refurbished in Romania.

capable export-oriented defence industrial base and an innovative national science and technology organisation. However, the South African Air Force is suffering from spares shortages, reduced flying hours and a lack of investment in new equipment. Most of the South African Air Force’s budget currently goes on personnel. Structural change is necessary, together with reliable funding, which may come as the national economy recovers.

South Africa is the standout with its modest force of modern Swedish JAS-39 Gripens, a competent personnel training infrastructure, a small but

On the opposite side of the Indian Ocean are Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. The Republic of Singapore Air Force operates a range of advanced

AN OCEAN OF AIR FORCES

An instructor from No 2 Flying Training School teaches a trainee from the No 249 Advanced Pilots Course the practical techniques of ‘Form’ flying during a training camp at RAAF Base Learmonth.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

mainly US-sourced aircraft. The recent decision to buy some F-35 fighters for trial and evaluation continues its stress on keeping a qualitative edge. The F-35 has specialised maintenance needs however, and is a data-hungry aircraft requiring considerable mission support; given constraints on personnel numbers, the Singapore Air Force may markedly expand outsourcing. Malaysia has an eclectic mix of Russian, US and European aircraft, which includes a small Su-30 fighter force. A Light Combat Aircraft competition is underway assessing Pakistan’s JF-17 Thunder, India’s Tejas, South Korea’s FA-50 Golden Eagle, Russia’s YAK-130 and Italy’s M-346. The FA-50 may have an advantage in being in service with other ASEAN countries with its cost possibly offset through palm oil barter options. Having three Asian-made fast jet options bidding highlights the shift to the Asian Century that is now underway. Indonesia also used palm oil barter in its most recent purchase of 11 Russian Su-35 aircraft that will operate alongside Su-27, Su-30 and refurbished US F-16 Block 52 fighters. More ambitiously Indonesia has joined as a 20% partner with South Korea in the development of the KAI KFX/IFX 4.5 generation fighter. Indonesia has joint developer status, and

The RSAF appears effective at the tactical level but has had difficulties at devising winning strategies, targeting in dynamic situations, intelligence support and in applying the laws of armed conflict. Many Indian Ocean air forces are likely to have similar problems: competent tactically but deficient in operational level command and control and so unable to realise their full combat potential. 18

EDITION 2 • 2019

has integrated engineers into the project in South Korea. First flight is set for 2021, with Indonesia initially acquiring 16 to enter service in the late 2020s. Also bordering the Bay of Bengal are the air forces of Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. All are principally force structured for internal defence although Bangladesh has aspirations to modernise its air defence capability by 2030, including replacing its aging Chinese J-7s and Russian Mig-29s. In the Gulf region the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) currently leads a major coalition effort that includes the UAE, Kuwaiti and Bahraini air forces in a protracted war against the Houthi uprising in Yemen. The RSAF is wellequipped with modern US and European fighters employing precision guided munitions, but has been unable to translate its air dominance into victory over a well-dispersed light infantry in Yemen. The RSAF appears effective at the tactical level but has had difficulties at devising winning strategies, targeting in dynamic situations, intelligence support and in applying the laws of armed conflict. Many Indian Ocean air forces are likely to have similar problems: competent tactically but deficient in operational level command and control and so unable to realise their full combat potential. The Yemeni war has partly evolved into a proxy war with Iran which is supporting the Houthis. Iran remains a constant concern in the north-western Indian Ocean. The Iranian Air Force with its mix of aged US aircraft and more modern Russian fighters is beset by international sanctions and is capable of only limited offensive activities. Accordingly, Iran has invested heavily in developing a large ballistic missile force including developing missiles incountry with North Korean and Chinese assistance.

INDIA-PAKISTAN RIVALRY Nearby in South Asia, are the Indian Ocean’s other two large air forces. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) operates some 450 combat aircraft of Chinese, US and European origin albeit about half are obsolescent. It is structured for a major war with India with a strong focus on national air defence and nuclear strike, with a lesser emphasis on air support of land forces, including in counterinsurgency operations on the northern frontier. In recent years the PAF’s ability

to prevent intrusions into Pakistani airspace has been questioned. These intrusions though have been rare one-off events and arguably not representative of the PAF’s wartime capabilities. Even so, the PAF’s foray into Indian airspace earlier this year was operationally unimpressive saved only by shooting down a defending Indian fighter. The PAF’s bête noire, the Indian Air Force (IAF), must deter not only Pakistan but also an increasingly assertive China. China has built air bases in Tibet, meaning the IAF now faces the difficult prospect of a two-front war. The IAF has about 650 combat aircraft of mainly Russian or French origin. It is a well-balanced, highly capable air force that includes some 270 Su-30 fighters, Airborne Early Warning (AEW), electronic warfare and tanker aircraft. The IAF regularly exercises with major international air forces including at the United States Air Force’s (USAF) Red Flag exercises and, in 2018, at Australia’s Pitch Black. However, budget issues, a stress on problematic indigenous aircraft development and a flawed acquisition system mean the IAF’s end-strength is gradually reducing. The IAF’s capabilities were highlighted in the February 2019 raids on three insurgent training facilities in Pakistan and Pakistani Kashmir. The IAF launched a night raid in poor weather involving 18 Mirage 2000 strike aircraft dropping laser-guided bombs and the Spice imaging guided weapon. In support were four Su30 fighters for air defence, an Il-78 tanker and an Embraer AEW aircraft with its indigenously developed air surveillance radar. This was a complicated mission both operationally and tactically that fell short because the attacks on Balakot, in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, apparently used inaccurate mapping data to program the Spice weapons. Such a deficiency highlights that modern air forces are very complicated systems of systems, with mission support a critical area to excel in. A small failure can make a modern air force operationally ineffective. India has also made significant investments in naval aviation with three medium-sized carriers planned to be in service in the 2030s, ensuring one is always available for short-notice tasks. Equipped with about 20 MiG-29K aircraft the carriers would be useful for sea control purposes across the broader Indian Ocean and in air operations in permissive environments.

THE SIR RICHARD WILLIAMS FOUNDATION IS AN INDEPENDENT THINK TANK WITH AN EMPHASIS ON AIR POWER. WE AIM TO STRENGTHEN AUSTRALIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY BY SHAPING AND INFLUENCING POLICY DECISIONS REGARDING AUSTRALIA’S DEFENCE.

The Central Blue – your opportunity to contribute to the discussions Through our forum, The Central Blue, the Williams Foundation encourages informed discussion and debate about air power issues affecting Australia. We welcome submissions from any source and, with the aim to foster a new generation of air power thinkers, we particularly encourage serving military practitioners to contribute.

Upcoming events Seminar, Canberra The Requirements of Fifth Generation Manoeuvre, 24 October 2019 Complimentary for Williams Foundation members and Defence personnel The Williams Foundation hosts 2 seminars and 4 member lunches per year. For more information visit www.williamsfoundation.org.au/events

CHAIR

AIRMSHL Geoff Brown AO (Ret’d) DEPUTY CHAIR

ACM Mark Binskin AC (Ret’d)

For more information on membership and events visit www.williamsfoundation.org.au, or email inquiries to info@williamsfoundation.org.au

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stunning nature reserves and fresh, clean air land rich with culture and heritage local wineries, gourmet restaurants and fresh produce easy access to the Perth CBD

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PEARCE AIRBASE H CBD PERT OM

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PERTH PERTH AIRPORT CBD

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www.swan.wa.gov.au

CoS2276

A G R E AT P L A C E T O L I V E , W O R K A N D P L AY.

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

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Royal Australian Navy flight deck marshaller Leading Seaman Aviation Technician Avionics Callum Wirth directs the launch of HMAS Parramatta’s embarked MH-60R aircraft during Exercise Ocean Explorer 2019, off the coast of Western Australia.

Indian Ocean airpower involves more than just the littoral states. The US has been deeply engaged in the north-west Indian Ocean for several decades. There are major US bases in Bahrain, Diego Garcia, Djibouti, Kuwait and Qatar complemented by several bilateral arrangements with other Indian Ocean littoral states. EXTRA-REGIONAL AIR FORCES Indian Ocean airpower involves more than just the littoral states. The US has been deeply engaged in the northwest Indian Ocean for several decades. There are major US bases in Bahrain, Diego Garcia, Djibouti, Kuwait and Qatar complemented by several bilateral arrangements with other Indian Ocean littoral states. The US can readily deploy significant airpower across the Indian Ocean. American airpower can be sea or land-based. Three to four carrier battle groups are generally available for global deployment at short notice and in 20012002 three operated in the northern

20 EDITION 2 • 2019

Indian Ocean supporting air operations into Afghanistan. On land, the USAF can rapidly deploy into the Persian Gulf region large numbers of combat aircraft; some 400-500 were deployed there in 2001 although placing similar numbers elsewhere in the Indian Ocean region would be problematic. Few large air bases are available and there are considerable access constraints imposed by many Indian Ocean countries. However, small numbers of unmanned Reaper drones have operated from bare bases and civilian airfields in northeast Africa to surveil and attack terrorist groups in Somalia and Yemen. The central Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia in the Chagos Archipelago has long been important for US regional and global air operations. The UK purchased the Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965, and over time resettled the local plantation workers elsewhere allowing the US airbase and port facilities to be established. The UK-US agreement on basing expired in 2016, but the 20-year extension option was exercised. There is an ongoing dispute over the plantation workers displacement, and in February this year the International Court of Justice advised the islands should be returned to Mauritius. In contrast to the US, China faces some significant geographical challenges. The People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) must transit through the Malacca, Lombok or Sunda Straits. These natural chokepoints might be made impassable in time of crisis, especially Malacca Straits which is bordered by Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, and India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In recent

years, China has moved military forces into the Indian Ocean for extended periods to be available at short notice if required. China has established a naval base at Djibouti alongside those of the United States and France, and is now developing Gwadar in Pakistan into a major port and airfield complex. According to the Indianowned Economic Times, in the next decade some 500,000 Chinese citizens might live in Gwadar protected by PLAN marines. Gwadar forms an important part of China’s One Belt, One Road initiative in providing an Indian Ocean port connected to China by road through Pakistan. A recent article in Gulf News Asia, indicated that Gwadar’s airfield may grow to be the largest in Pakistan, well able to support People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) deployments. This airfield would permit Chinese airpower to move into the north-west Indian Ocean quickly and easily. Highlighting this potential, in 2018 the PLAAF sent J-11B and J-10C fighters, JH-7 strike aircraft and K-500 AEW aircraft to Pakistan to train with the PAF in the largest-ever annual Shaheen exercise. Gwadar’s development takes on extra importance as China develops its medium-sized aircraft carrier forces. Gwadar will offer a safe port to retire to in time of conflict, avoiding being trapped if the Malacca, Lombok or Sunda Straits are blocked. The combination of PLAAF and PLAN forces operating from and through Gwadar would noticeably change the local balance of military power. Given China’s considerable dependence on Gulf

ANALYSIS

oil and gas, being able to dampen any future instability in the north-western Indian Ocean region may increasingly be considered essential. The United Kingdom retains useful air power access across the Gulf region Christmas and some parts of the Indian Ocean. The Island recent deployments to counter Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) suggest what Cocos the UK Islands could offer in times of crisis. In Operation Shader, 30 combat aircraft were deployed, supported by some 12 Airborne Electronic Warfare, tanker, electronic surveillance and transport aircraft. The new British Royal Navy carrier could provide additional air assets including, from 2023, two squadrons of 24 F-35B fighters. While the UK owns Diego Garcia, it is distant from the Indian Ocean littoral and is mainly used as a transit airbase for Royal Air Force (RAF) forces moving eastwards. France is a long-term Indian Ocean resident with bases in the French territories of Réunion and Mayotte islands, and through agreements with Djibouti and in Abu Dhabi. While mainly naval oriented, these facilities allow France to introduce airpower deep into the region when necessary. Using its new A330 (KC-30A) tankers the French Air Force could deploy a squadron of Rafale fighters to Réunion Island within 24 hours. Moreover, given adequate warning, France could also send a small carrier battle group able to operate some 18 Rafales to participate in US-led coalitions or conduct small independent actions. For instance, in 2001 and 2019

The major air force remaining is the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), for which the Indian Ocean has traditionally been second to the Pacific. This reflects that Australia has long perceived the Indian Ocean ADF Base or Significant as being stabilised by Facility Other Defence Site and others, first the British now the US. ADF Training Area

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

DEFENCE INSTALLATIONS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA INDONESIA

EAST TIMOR Bonaparte Basin (Joint Petroleum Development Area)

Angus Oil & Gas Fields Torosa Oil & Gas Fields

Sunrise Oil & Gas Fields Evans Head Oil & Gas Fields

Air-to-Air Weapons Range

Browse Basin Yampi Training Area

North West Shelf Oil & Gas Fields

Gorgon Oil & Gas Fields

RAAF Cur n

BROOME PORT HEADLAND

North Carnarvon Basin DAMPIER

Planned Liquified Natural Gas Plant (James Price Point)

Liquified Natural Gas Plant (Dampier) Pilbara Regiment Karratha

RAAF Learmonth COMMSTA ADSCS

South Carnarvon Basin

JORN Sta on, Laverton

GERALDTON Lancilin Training Area Bindoon Training Area

Perth Metro Area: • Campbell Barracks (SASR) • HMAS S rling • Irwin Barracks (13th Brigade) • Palmer Barracks (JLU-West) • RAAF Pearce • Muchea Armament Range

Perth WAXA

Offshore Training Area

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Kilometres Scale at A3 is 1: 17 000 000 Dimensions scaled from this map will be approximate only Credit: http://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/Reviews/ADFPosture/docs/base_map.pdf

respectively, a French aircraft carrier did just that, operating Super Étendards and Rafales in air strikes into Afghanistan and the Middle East. In the more recent air war against ISIS, the French Air Force deployed a comparable land-based force to the RAF’s, operating from airbases in the UAE and Jordan.

potentially interdict major international sea lines of communications. In the three chokepoints mentioned earlier (the Malacca, Lombok and Sunda Straits), offensive anti-submarine warfare operations would be viable, but given the UNCLASSIFIED Indian Ocean’s great size, air power might otherwise be best employed protecting Shipping Lane Capital Ci es ADF Trainingzones. Areas Oil & Gas-related Facility convoys transiting contested In noting naval air power, several ADF Facility Offshorte Training AreasOnly RFSU Depot/assets however, are scarce. Defensive Indian Ocean countries are developing Oil & Gas Field Patrol Base Civil Port Australia and India operate P-8 maritime submarine forces. Most seem intended patrol aircraft although these could be for short-duration coastal operations Air-to-Air Weapons Ranges and Air Weapons Ranges are indica ve only supplemented by US Navy P-8s. against near neighbours but some could

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INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

The major air force remaining is the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), for which the Indian Ocean has traditionally been second to the Pacific. This reflects that Australia has long perceived the Indian Ocean as being stabilised by others, first the British and now the US. Some consider that over time the US may substantially reduce its presence in the Indian Ocean, concentrate on Pacificfacing China, and leave Indian Ocean stability to littoral states, particularly India. Accordingly, Australia and the RAAF are looking afresh at the Indian Ocean.

In regional terms, the small, well-equipped RAAF probably ranks about number three, behind the much larger IAF and RSAF. The control of the Indian Ocean was last seriously contested in World War II when intruding German and Japanese warships and submarines sank considerable allied merchant shipping. In that conflict, the RAAF based small air defence and maritime strike forces in Western Australia to protect against possible Japanese carrier raids and to undertake anti-submarine patrols. Late in the war, B-24 long-range bomber missions were flown from the Kimberley region against strategic targets in Java in support of the Borneo campaign. B-24 missions were also flown out of the Cocos Keeling Islands by RAF squadrons, and these flights ranged across Southeast Asia as far north as Thailand. Spitfire, Mosquito and Catalina aircraft were also then based at the Cocos Keeling Islands. Today’s RAAF is a well-balanced force with many capabilities that would be useful across a range of possible future Indian Ocean air operations. The RAAF is in the midst of a major re-equipment program, with the introduction into service of 72 F-35A Lightning IIs and 12 P-8A Poseidons being of particular

EDITION 2 • 2019

CONSEQUENCES FOR AUSTRALIA

RAAF C-17A aircraft are at Christmas Island as part of a planned visit to conduct a personnel, stores and asset transfer over the period 9 - 13 November.

note. The F-35 force should reach full operational capability in late 2023 and the P-8s in mid-2022. According to the air combat group commander, the RAAF’s most pressing current challenge is personnel. In regional terms, the small, wellequipped RAAF probably ranks about number three, behind the much larger IAF and RSAF. The Pakistani and Iranian Air forces are also numerically larger than the RAAF but operate many obsolescent aircraft, lack comprehensive all-weather and night capabilities, and have electronic warfare and stand-off weapon deficiencies. The RAAF’s broad capability balance allows it to undertake independent national air operations, however in higher end conflict contingencies it would generally operate as part of a larger coalition. Realistically, if such a coalition was not with the US, it would probably be with India. Yet, while Australia historically privileges military collaboration, India favours autonomy. India’s reticence in inviting Australia to the Malabar maritime exercise reflects India’s traditional strategic wariness. This may be changing with an early sign being greater interaction between the IAF and the RAAF including the recent deployment of Su-30s to the annual Exercise Pitch Black in Darwin. Indian Air Force participation is now likely each year and opens up the possibility of a reciprocal activity to further deepen ties. India has held several exercises with the RAF and USAF, Exercise Indradhanush and Exercise Cope India respectively. While these were held in Gwalior south of New Delhi, in December 2019 Cope India will relocate to West Bengal. The RAAF could perhaps participate with Super Hornets and a KC-30A tanker, mirroring

Indian participation in Pitch Black. Sending an E-7A Wedgetail AEW aircraft might also be appropriate. Closer to Australia, new options are opening up as the RAAF introduces the Triton unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Operating from Cocos Keeling Islands, Christmas Island, RAAF Learmonth or RAAF Curtin the Triton could remain on station undertaking high altitude maritime surveillance in the Bay of Bengal or over the Sunda and Lombok Straits for long periods. The exact patrol time however depends on where the Tritons operate from. In broad terms, when flying from mainland bases compared to island bases, the Tritons lose about eight hours of on-station time. The most difficult case is Bay of Bengal air operations where a Triton can have about 12 hours on-task flying from Cocos Keeling, or only some four hours if flying from RAAF Learmonth. Given the RAAF is only buying seven Tritons, maximising their Indian Ocean maritime surveillance effectiveness through developing island deployment basing options seems sensible. Under Defence Project R8129 the Cocos Keeling runway is being widened and strengthened to allow P-8 operations but new facilities and infrastructure would be necessary to permit regular, ongoing Triton flights. This raises the issue of whether to invest in Cocos Keeling and/or Christmas Islands. Geographically both have strengths and weaknesses, but Cocos Keeling will be more adversely impacted by climate change due to sea level rises and more destructive tropical cyclones. Developing appropriate infrastructure on the islands would also provide an opportunity to enhance Australia’s

ANALYSIS

relationship with India. The Indian Navy’s P-8Is could occasionally deploy there for short-term maritime surveillance operations, perhaps operating in conjunction with RAAF P-8As, thereby enhancing interoperability and helping to develop the Australia-India relationship. India has little capability to surveil that part of the Indian Ocean and in terms of India-China geo-strategic regional competition this is a noticeable gap. Moving to the mainland, recent Defence White Papers have judged the likelihood of attacks on Australia as low. Nevertheless, there are geo-strategic changes underway and some argue risks to Australian security are increasing. Prudence may dictate that these risks are managed just in case Australia’s national security situation deteriorates sharply. In such a scenario, airpower might broaden from being maritime surveillance focussed as it is during peacetime, to also including air defence, strike, AEW, air-toair refuelling and air transport.

DEFENCE OF AUSTRALIA’S NORTH WEST Accordingly, some upgrades are planned for the bare bases of RAAF Learmonth and Curtin. At Learmonth, the runway will be strengthened and lengthened and the fuel infrastructure upgraded to allow deployed KC-30A air-refuelling operations. At Curtin, the asphalt pavement will be resurfaced and airfield lighting replaced. Both projects should be complete by mid-2022. A few years on from then, facilities at both bases will be upgraded to allow deployed F-35 operations and maintenance. The two bare bases may also have an increasing role in terms of supporting future coalition air operations, in particular USAF long-range bombers and their accompanying air-to-air refuelling aircraft. In times of crisis, such aircraft flying from the bases could range as far as the northern South China Sea. In times of peace, the bases offer additional training options that might augment the Australia-US Enhanced Air Cooperation program. While this program has focussed on RAAF bases Darwin and Tindal so far, as it develops further with longer and larger US Marine Corps and USAF deployments, it could potentially include air activities in the West, including shortterm basing. In terms of national defence, the internationally significant North West

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

In terms of building multilateral cooperation across Indian Ocean states, the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) offers a possible model. Some 32 countries attend a seminar style meeting every two years that involves the respective naval chiefs. A comparable air symposium could be undertaken, perhaps initially focussing on areas of common interest such as flying safety, training, logistics and search and rescue, before later considering more difficult areas such as maritime surveillance information sharing. Shelf gas fields are among the most exposed of Australia’s major economic assets. The gas fields are inherently vulnerable to damage although their distance from possible threats provides them with some protection. Submarine attack might be the most likely military threat, possibly countered by ADF antisubmarine warfare forces including RAAF P-8s deployed forward to RAAF Learmonth or Curtin. Less likely might be cruise missile attack, whether launched from hostile warships or long-range bombers. Such operations might be defended against through operating F-35A, F/A-18F, E-7A and KC-30A aircraft from Learmonth and Curtin.

Southern Ocean fisheries surveillance developed into a major role. RAAF Pearce would also need further upgrading.

There may also be concerns in times of high-end conflict about the Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) export tankers, especially those that supply Japan. These might be best safeguarded by routing them southwards around Australia and east of Papua New Guinea. In lesser crises, tanker protection through the Indonesian archipelago using convoys would be possible, although economically undesirable as delaying ships to form convoys is costly.

In a more practical vein, many Indian Ocean air forces are quite small and have considerable trouble maintaining an indigenous aircrew training capability. From a financial perspective it would be sensible to pool resources and undertake training at a single large facility. Australia already has such a suitable training capability at RAAF Pearce, that, with expansion, could provide pilot training for many of the smaller Indian Ocean air forces. Indeed, Singapore already uses Pearce for its pilot training, having done so since 1993. While being cost-effective, such pooled training would also help build relationships between Indian Ocean countries.

FUTURE OPTIONS Looking south, Australia has interests in Antarctica including with the Heard and McDonald Islands located in the extreme and remote Southern Indian Ocean. Fisheries exploitation is steadily increasing there, suggesting a new role for the Triton UAV. Operating out of RAAF Pearce, the aircraft could spend several hours on patrol overhead the islands monitoring foreign fishing activities. Given limited numbers, additional Tritons would need to be purchased if

The Indian Ocean balance of power is changing and with it the importance of airpower. Air Forces across the region are steadily evolving becoming larger, more capable and more consequential. This has significant implications for Australia, the country with the longest coastline in the Indian Ocean region. Australian defence strategists and airpower thinkers need to take note. EDITION 2 • 2019

COMMENTARY

By Cam Dumesny, CEO, Western Roads Federation

NORTHERN AUSTRALIAN SECURITY

DEFENCE LOGISTICS: NORTHERN AUSTRALIA’S ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CRUCIAL TO NATIONAL SECURITY

The development of all-weather road infrastructure across the whole of Northern Australia is both strategically and economically important. Nonetheless, the North West of Australia should receive priority attention given the sheer scale and importance of the multi-billion dollar economic infrastructure throughout the region, which is a significant contributor to Australia’s economic prosperity. Defence would also benefit significantly from the development of such infrastructure.

DEFENCE OF THE NORTH Almost everything in North West Australia (the Pilbara, the Kimberley and Victoria River Districts) is supplied by road transport from food, fuel, medical and retail items, mining equipment, building materials, spare parts and all the other goods required to support towns, remote communities, mines and stations. Indeed, the WA and Northern Territory transport industry supplies freight to sustain communities throughout the year, regardless of season, weather or terrain. In 2016, the ADF deployed over 1000 personnel to Derby at short notice to test security response arrangements as part of Exercise Northern Shield 2016. The exercise was conducted in the dry season, reportedly for seven days. The 1000 personnel inserted into the area reportedly increased the population of Derby by 25%. Post operation reports indicate that shortages of food, fuel and even water towards the end of the exercise were readily supplied by the WA and Northern Territory road transport industry. Had Defence conducted the exercise in the wet season however, they know that sustaining such a large deployed force comes with a far higher risk profile and greater logistical challenges. In both the 2017-2018 wet seasons, the only sealed

EDITION 2 • 2019

road connecting Port Hedland in WA to Katherine in the NT, a distance stretching 2100km, was routinely made impassable, and required the use of alternative unsealed routes, which also remained impassable for up to 50 days per year. At the time, the gravity of the situation was reported by The West Australian “Coles in Broome was flying in supplies in a desperate bid to replenish stocks while Woolworths has hired a barge to deliver essentials from Dampier to the town. Centurion also plans to take road freight via Port Augusta and Katherine — adding 2095km to the normal route”. As this example illustrates, an emergency in the North West of Australia would create a major logistical demand for food, fuel, spare parts, ammunition and the myriad of supplies required to support Defence bases and deployed forces. Inevitably this task will fall primarily on road transport to deliver the required provisions. That is why the question the road transport industry is asking Defence remains ’If we cannot supply communities in the North West all year round, given the current road infrastructure, how is it possible that Defence could sustain operations for weeks or months round the clock?’

INVESTING IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE The 2016 Defence White Paper and 2016 Integrated Investment Program identified a significant investment in Defence infrastructure facilities and capability, much of it aimed at Northern Australia. However, notably absent was any reference to identifying and upgrading strategic road corridors. If sustained operations are to be adequately supported, then Defence must identify the development and maintenance of national road

infrastructure, particularly in the North West, as a strategic priority. If nothing else, Defence must take a more proactive role in supporting the business cases put forward by industry to develop and upgrade the major freight routes of Northern Australia, given Defence would also benefit from such initiatives. As the peak road transport industry bodies for WA and the Northern Territory replete with around 74,600 heavy vehicles owned and operated by over 8000 companies, the Western Roads Federation and the Northern Territory Road Transport Association have developed a comprehensive road freight network plan for Northern Australia. If implemented, the plan would unlock economic opportunity and promote growth, whilst making a major contribution towards strengthening the defence and security of the North. The road transport industry has expert knowledge in providing road-based logistics support to develop, maintain and sustain operations across Northern Australia, and we remain committed to working with Defence to realise this untapped potential.

Defence must take a more proactive role in supporting the business cases put forward by industry to develop and upgrade the major freight routes of Northern Australia, given Defence would also benefit from such initiatives.

SEOUL

60 00 km

TOKYO

SHANGHAI

50 00 km

Supporting Defence in the North

Contact defencent@nt.gov.au or visit www.nt.gov.au/defenceNT

40 00 km

HANOI

MANILA

BANGKOK

30 00 km BANDAR SERI KUALA BEGAWAN LUMPUR

20 00 km

SINGAPORE

1 00 0 JAKARTA

50 0

DILI DENPASAR

DARWIN

Our government prides itself on a close relationship with industry, that is rarely experienced in larger jurisdictions and provides significant advantage to businesses that set up early. With $20 billion in defence infrastructure investment planned for the Territory over the next 20 years, we invite you to be part of our growing economy.

TAIPEI

DefenceNT welcomes you to the Territory, Australia. Our capital, Darwin, is the regional hub for Australia’s international engagement in the Indo-Pacific region, making the Territory best-positioned for the mounting of national security, military and humanitarian operations in Australia’s north.

HONG KONG

NHULUNBUY

KATHERINE

TENNANT CREEK

CAIRNS

ALICE SPRINGS

AUSTRALIA

BRISBANE

PERTH SYDNEY ADELAIDE

CANBERRA

MELBOURNE HOBART

We are the peak road transport industry bodies for WA and the NT representing 8000 companies, with over 74,000 heavy vehicles.

EXCLUSIVE

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

INTERVIEW

ADM PHILIP S. DAVIDSON: “OUR FUTURE OPERATIONS, ACTIVITIES, AND INVESTMENTS WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT A FREE AND OPEN INDO-PACIFIC” As the largest United States military command in the world, the US IndoPacific Command (USINDOPACOM) plays a vital role in projecting US influence and maintaining regional security and the balance of power in both the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Speaking exclusively to WA DEFENCE REVIEW, ADM Philip S. Davidson, Commander, USINDOPACOM broadly outlined the Command’s strategic vision to maintaining the US goal of ‘A Free and Open Indo-Pacific’, mitigating the region’s security challenges, and both sustaining and examining opportunities for the future expansion of US-Australia strategic and defence cooperation.

In recognition of the increasing connectivity between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the name of ‘US Pacific Command’ changed to ‘US Indo-Pacific Command’ in 2018.

Can I start by asking you to tell us why it was considered necessary to change the name from US Pacific Command to US Indo-Pacific Command?

ADM Philip S. Davidson, Commander, USINDOPACOM

EDITION 2 • 2019

In recognition of the increasing connectivity between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the name of ‘US Pacific Command’ changed to ‘US IndoPacific Command’ in 2018. Over many decades this command has repeatedly adapted to changing circumstances, and that name change carries that legacy forward as America focuses west. As a Pacific country with tremendous regional interests, the United States is committed to the protection and defence the territory of the United States, its people and its interests in the region. With the establishment of the US Pacific Command in 1947, the US has been working toward enhancing stability in the IndoPacific by promoting security cooperation, responding to contingencies, deterring aggression and, when necessary, fighting to win.

EXCLUSIVE

The previous name of US Pacific Command is well known, but it does not comprehensively or accurately reflect the Command’s focus and responsibility. A significant portion of the Indian Ocean, including the land and people east of the India-Pakistan border have been part of the US Indo-Pacific area of responsibility since 1983 - nearly half the Command’s history. This name change reflects the inclusion of that part of the world and reaffirms the United States’ commitment to the entire geographical area – not just the areas affiliated with the Pacific Ocean.

Being two vastly different regions, how would you describe the strategic and operational objectives for USINDOPACOM in the Indian Ocean region in contrast to the Pacific Ocean? To what extent are they similar and different? We recognize the uniqueness of the people and countries located in both the Pacific and Indian oceans. While each area has its differences, the objectives we strive to accomplish and the challenges we face are similar in both regions. The US IndoPacific Command remains committed to working with all of our regional partners and allies to overcome whatever obstacles may appear in creating a free and open Indo-Pacific. From my travels around the region, I have found three specific areas where I believe we can ground our efforts to advance a ‘Free and Open IndoPacific’: our values, our interests and our commitment to mutual security, so that all of us can prosper.

We recognize the uniqueness of the people and countries located in both the Pacific and Indian oceans. While each area has its differences, the objectives we strive to accomplish and the challenges we face are similar in both regions. changes unilaterally or coercively with a blatant disregard for the systems currently in place. Other challenges come from leaders and social movements that question the fidelity of the current international system and the willingness of the global community to enforce standards. Still others believe the system is no longer inclusive enough and is only benefiting the wealthiest, leaving the rest behind. Regardless of the sources of the frustrations, challenges presented, or the legitimacy of the concerns, the most obvious point – and one made abundantly clear for me in the US National Security Strategy – is that whatever we do, we must do it together – with a values-based approach.

How does engagement with Australia fit into the Command’s broader Indo-Pacific strategic policy, and how do you envision this engagement evolving? As the Commander of USINDOPACOM, my singular focus is to ensure the US forces under my command are prepared to prevent challenges to a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ tomorrow, next week, next year – indeed, over the long term. But we cannot accomplish that alone. Cooperating on security is at the heart of the US-Australia relationship, and it has

We continue to seek out opportunities to grow our relationships and enhance the mutual prosperity of all nations in the region. Yet, that vision of an international rules–based order is increasingly being challenged. These challenges originate from several different sources. Some of the more controversial challenges originate from revisionist powers or countries who believe the current liberal order does not accommodate their particular view. These revisionist powers demonstrate a willingness to force

INTERVIEW

CORAL SEA (July 11, 2019) This is the eighth iteration of this exercise. The Royal Australian Navy amphibious assault ship HMAS Canberra (L 02), left, the U.S. Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), left-center, the U.S. Navy amphibious assault ship USS Wasp (LHD 1), rightcenter, and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force helicopter destroyer JS Ise (DDH-182), right, sail in formation with 14 other ships from the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) during Talisman Sabre 2019. Talisman Sabre 2019 illustrates the closeness of the Australian and U.S. alliance and the strength of the military-to-military relationship.

EDITION 2 • 2019

INTERVIEW

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190316-N-OM854-0919 INDIAN OCEAN (March 16, 2019) An MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter assigned to Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 14 flies toward the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) in the Indian Ocean, March 16, 2019. The John C. Stennis Carrier Strike Group is deployed to the U.S. 5th Fleet area of operations in support of naval operations to ensure maritime stability and security in the Central Region, connecting the Mediterranean and the Pacific through the western Indian Ocean and three strategic choke points. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Grant G. Grady/Released).

been that way for over a century. Our countries’ commitment to stand together helped create the rules-based international order that has liberated hundreds of millions of people and lifted billions of people out of poverty, to a level of prosperity previously unseen in human history. Our two countries can always count on the close bonds and deep friendship we share as free, proud, and independent people. We continue to strengthen security in the Indo-Pacific through more deliberate coordination of the policies and priorities underlying regional engagements by promoting interoperability to address new threats, an increasing focus on Pacific Islands, and leveraging the US- Australia force posture initiatives and the unique exercising and training opportunities created in the process. Our goal is to continue to collaborate with Australia in cyber, space and defence science and technology domains. The United States and Australia have conducted operations in every major conflict since the World War I, and in 2018 we celebrated ‘One Hundred Years of Mateship’. Our military-to-military relationship in the Indo-Pacific is rock solid. Our continued partnership is vital to the security and stability of the region.

EDITION 2 • 2019

For example, the U.S. and Australia are building upon our long-established defence and intelligence partnership to ensure a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. Our goal is to continue to collaborate with Australia in cyber, space and defence science and technology domains. Our shared security cooperation, interests, and values are the bedrock on which we build our shared destiny.

In Australia there have been calls to establish an Indian Ocean Patrol Boat Program, replicating the highly successful Pacific Patrol Boat Program, which has received the support of the Chief of the Royal Australian Navy and other prominent officials such as the former US Ambassador Kim Beazley. How does USINDOPACOM respond to, and see the benefits of, this proposed initiative? I cannot speak about future initiatives that are still under discussion, but we are continuously striving to seek out new ways to train our militaries to face the wide array of threats across

The Pacific Maritime Security Program has three pillars: capable patrol boats, integrated aerial surveillance, and enhanced cooperation. These pillars could become a model for similar programs in other regions, including the Indian Ocean. the continuum of competition when it comes to our adversaries. The former Pacific Patrol Boat Program—now titled the Pacific Maritime Security Program-is a great example of how investment in regional security can enhance relationships and improve cooperation between partners. Australia leads this program, and it demonstrates how military assets can help counter illegal and unfair practices and support good governance in accordance with a rules-based international order. The commitment shown by Australia, New Zealand, Japan and France toward strengthening the capabilities of Indo-Pacific island countries is shared by the United States. The Pacific Maritime Security Program has three pillars: capable patrol boats, integrated aerial surveillance, and enhanced cooperation. These pillars could become a model for similar programs in other regions, including the Indian Ocean.

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Images © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence

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We recognise our shared priorities, and the US is absolutely committed to collaborating with Australia on effective solutions in response to the unprecedented challenges of the 21st century.

There are five key challenges that I believe threaten our vision of a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ and our national interest. Firstly, until the nuclear situation is resolved on the Korean peninsula, North Korea will remain our most immediate threat. The outcome of the recent summits reinforces the need for us to maintain the readiness of our joint and combined forces until the final, fully verifiable denuclearization of the DPRK. Secondly, China represents the greatest long-term strategic threat. Through fear and coercion, Beijing is working to expand its form of Communist-Socialist ideology in order to bend, break, and replace the existing rules-based international order and prevent a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’. In its place, Beijing seeks to create a new international order led by China with ‘Chinese characteristics’—an outcome that displaces the stability and peace of the Indo-Pacific that has endured for over 70 years. The Chinese Communist Party is using a variety of methods, including pernicious lending schemes as part of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative, promising loans or grants to extend their diplomatic and political reach by gaining leverage against the borrower’s sovereignty. That’s exactly what happened with Sri Lanka in 2017, and now China has a 99-year lease on the strategic Port of Hambantota in the country’s south-east. The People’s Republic of China military activities expanded last year with the placement of anti-ship cruise missiles, surface-to-air missiles, and radar jammers on disputed features in the South China Sea. And they continue the testing and development of advanced capabilities like fifth generation aircraft, hypersonics, aircraft carriers and

EDITION 2 • 2019

How does the USINDOPACOM view the evolving challenges and threats in your area of operations, and what is being done to mitigate these emerging and likely future concerns?

A live-fire demonstration was performed during Exercise Talisman Sabre 2019 (TS19), July 8, 2019. TS19 is a bilateral combined Australian and United States training designed to practice respective military services and associated agencies in planning and conducting combined and joint task force operations. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Ashley Maldonado)

counter-space technologies. Thirdly, I am also concerned about the growing malign influence of Russia throughout the region. Moscow regularly plays the role of spoiler, seeking to undermine US interests and impose additional costs on the US and our allies whenever, and wherever, possible. Terrorism and other actions by nonstate actors also pose threats to our vision of a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’. These groups seek to impose their views on societies and radicalise people across the region, as evidenced in 2017 when Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) captured the Southern Philippines city of Marawi – a city of more than 200,000 people. Lastly, the Indo-Pacific remains the most disaster-prone region in the world. It contains 75% of the earth’s volcanoes, 90% of earthquakes occur in the Pacific Basin and many countries across the region lack sufficient capability and capacity to manage natural and humaninduced disasters. To address all of these challenges, USINDOPACOM is focused on regaining our competitive military advantage to ensure a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ over the short-term and the long-term. We must field and sustain a joint force with our partners and allies that is postured to win before fighting and, if it ever becomes necessary, ready to fight and win.

As we have done for the past 70 years, USINDOPACOM will continue to protect and defend the largest geographical area in the world, the territory of the United States, its people, and its interests in the Indo-Pacific. We recognize the US’ global significance, and we understand that challenges within the region are best met together with our allies and partners. Our future operations, activities, and investments will continue to support a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’. We remain committed to developing a force posture that allows us to maintain combatcapable, forward-stationed forces that preserve our warfighting capacity. With these forces, we will continue to support contingency operations inside and outside of the USINDOPACOM’s area of responsibility, and to honor our collective defence agreements in the region. USINDOPACOM will continue to train with our allies and partners in order to advance all of our capabilities to contribute to the collective security of the Indo-Pacific and we will seek new ways to evolve the joint-force and our asymmetric capabilities in order to defend against malign actors in the region. Alongside our allies and partners, USINDOPACOM will continue advance transparency, the rule of law, freedom of navigation and overflight, and other principles that underpin security and prosperity for the Indo-Pacific.

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Â© Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence

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SENATOR LINDA REYNOLDS: “IN THIS TERM, THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT WILL CONTINUE TO BUILD A COMPETITIVE, RESILIENT, AND WORLD-CLASS DEFENCE INDUSTRY” Upon winning the 2019 Federal Election, the Morrison Government appointed a new cabinet that included Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds CSC, who was promoted as the new Minister for Defence. Speaking exclusively in a wideranging interview to WA DEFENCE REVIEW, Senator Reynolds emphasised her priorities for 2019 and beyond, the importance of further harnessing defence exports to foster economic development, efforts to further consolidate Australian industry content and sovereign industrial capability, and the likely future of Defence investment and engagement with Western Australia. Looking back retrospectively, what do you believe that your Government has achieved with Defence and defence industry since holding office in 2013? And what are your priorities with Defence and defence industry now that PM Scott Morrison has won a second term in office? Can we expect to see a different approach to the Portfolio compared to your predecessor Christopher Pyne? Over the last three years the Commonwealth Government has established the policy framework for building a resilient and competitive Australian defence industry. In 2016, the Commonwealth Government released the Defence Industry Policy Statement, which for the first time highlights defence industry to be a Fundamental Input to Capability – an essential input to achieving the capability needs of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). We are making it easier for industry to work with defence, including investing $230m over the next decade in the Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC) to help build the capacity and capabilities of Australian defence industry. The Commonwealth Government is also helping drive innovation in our defence industry, by investing $730m in the Next Generation Technologies Fund (NGTF), and $640m in the Defence Innovation Hub

(The Hub). To date, the NGTF has seen successes in its partnerships with universities and academia on disruptive, advanced technologies, and The Hub continues to support industry to develop technologies that have moved from early science stages into the engineering and development stages of the innovation process. Since its launch in 2016, The Hub has received over 800 innovation proposals, awarded 81 innovation contracts valued at over $125m and awarded 12 Special Notice contracts valued at $9.4m. The Commonwealth Government continues to focus on maximising Australian defence industry involvement in defence work, through the strengthened Australian Industry Capability (AIC) Program, which requires tenderers bidding for materiel projects over $20m to outline how they will maximise Australian industry involvement. In March this year, we launched the 2019 Defence Policy for Industry Participation, which builds on the AIC Program, and the Local Industry Capability Plan.

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Since its launch in 2016, The Hub has received over 800 innovation proposals, awarded 81 innovation contracts valued at over $125m and awarded 12 Special Notice contracts valued at $9.4m. EDITION 2 • 2019

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The policy introduces a new requirement on tenderers to address Australian industry involvement for all Defence materiel and non-materiel procurements above $4m, and for the procurement of construction services above $7.5m. That will mean more opportunity for Australian companies to compete for work with Defence. We are also advocating for, and connecting Australian defence companies to, opportunities in international markets. The Australian Export Office has overseen an increased program of tradeshows and trade missions. Team Defence Australia has supported five Western Australian companies to attend international tradeshows since July 2018, and six WA firms were represented in the 2019 Australian Military Sales Catalogue including Austal, Blacktree Technology, Chironix, Sea to Summit, Hoffman Engineering, and Matrix Composites.

In this term, the Commonwealth Government will continue to build a competitive, resilient, and worldclass defence industry, to deliver the capability we need to the ADF. We will drive innovation, continue to ensure the inclusion of small and medium business in defence, and build strong and effective partnerships with our suppliers. And most importantly, we will do it to keep Australia safe.

Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds, CSC, and Vice Chief of Defence Force, VADM David Johnston, AO, RAN, disembark a Royal Australian Air Force C-17A Globemaster during a visit to Australian and New Zealand personnel at the Taji Military Complex, Iraq.

Defence exports are increasingly central to your Government’s strategy to expand the defence sector. What is your Government doing to improve the standing of the Australian defence industry to deliver innovative capabilities and solutions to Defence, while succeeding in securing export contracts? The Commonwealth Government’s Defence Export Strategy provides a framework to assist Australia’s defence industrial base to deliver on their export goals. This will build a stronger, more sustainable

EDITION 2 • 2019

Team Defence Australia has supported five Western Australian companies to attend international tradeshows since July 2018, and six WA firms were represented in the 2019 Australian Military Sales Catalogue; including Austal, Blacktree Technology, Chironix, Sea to Summit, Hoffman Engineering, and Matrix Composites. and globally competitive Australian defence industry, in support of Defence’s capability needs. When industry exports, it exposes Australian companies to new benchmarks, technologies and best practice processes, which drives innovation and productivity, and ultimately increases capital to reinvest back into capability. The Commonwealth Government has committed an additional $20m per year from 2018-19 to implement the initiatives outlined in the Strategy. The Australian Defence Export Office (ADEO) was opened in April 2018 to lead whole-of-government implementation of the Strategy. The ADEO supports a range of initiatives under our strategy to improve the standing of Australian defence industry exports. This includes the Australian Defence Export Advocate, former Defence Minister, the Hon. David Johnston, who provides senior-level domestic and international advocacy on behalf of Australian defence industry. Team Defence Australia’s work is to strengthen access to overseas markets and coordinates targeted trade missions and campaign support. The 2019 Australian Military Sales Catalogue showcases world-leading Australian defence industry products, services and technology available for export overseas to foreign governments. Under the Strategy, two export-specific funding streams have been established. The Defence Global Competitiveness Grants Program provides up to AU$4.1m per year until 2029, to build the export capability of Australian SMEs and the US$3bn Defence Export Facility offers both supplier and buyer financing solutions to support Australian defence export transactions. Dedicated Business Development Managers have also been recruited in key markets, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and Indonesia. This is in addition to Austrade’s and Defence’ international network of trade commissioners and Defence Attachés. In addition, the ADEO has identified a range of export opportunities and provided assistance to

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several Small to Medium Enterprises. For example, Tasmanian based company Pivot Maritime signed a multi-million dollar contract as a result of attending Euronaval with Team Defence Australia, and South Australian SME Supashock secured sales to Europe and Southeast Asia because of its inclusion in the Catalogue.

Given this export focus, the dual use nature of technologies and the expanding ways in which technology transfers can occur, do we have the right balance in our trade controls? The Commonwealth Government rigorously adheres to Australia’s export control framework, to ensure that all technology transfers are consistent with our national interest. Increasingly, technology that may have been developed for commercial purposes is being adapted for military use, not just by Australia and its allies, but also by those whose strategic interests differ. That makes the effective control of sensitive technology exports essential to protecting the capability of the Australian Defence Force and the security of Australia. The Commonwealth Government recognises that export controls must be reviewed to ensure we have the balance right. Last year, a review of the Defence Trade Controls Act 2012 (DTC Act) –covering both military and dual-use technology - was conducted to assess whether the Act adequately safeguards our interests. The Review, and the Government’s initial response to it, was tabled in Parliament in February this year and can be accessed on the Department of Defence website.

Although the Commonwealth Government has repeatedly assured us that measures are being taken to ensure that Australian SMEs are integrated into the supply chain of major Defence projects, particularly with foreign Defence primes, there is growing concern within defence industry that the enforcement of Australian SME participation is not sufficiently rigorous. What is currently being done, and is there more to be

EDITION 2 • 2019

(L-R) Head of Maritime Systems Division, RADM Wendy Malcolm, former Minister for Defence Industry, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds CSC, Prime Minister of Australia the Hon. Scott Morrison, MP, General Manager BAE Systems Western Australia, Luke Simmons, and Liberal Party representative for Fremantle, Nicole Robins at the BAE Henderson Shipyards on 7 March 2019.

done, to ensure that the place of Australian SMEs remains assured? The Government is focussed on ensuring that competitive Australian companies, of any size, have the best possible opportunities to compete for work with Defence. This is reflected across the suite of mechanisms Defence has put in place over the last three years to support Australian defence industry, particularly SMEs, to work with Defence. Earlier this year, the Government released the 2019 Defence Policy for Industry Participation, which expands the AIC Program to add Australian and local industry requirements to all acquisitions of $4m and above, or $7.5m and above for facilities and infrastructure projects. That means that the benefits to industry realised in major acquisitions through the AIC Program will also be seen in smaller projects (commensurate with the size and complexity of the procurement). The CDIC also administers the Global Supply Chain (GSC) Program, which provides export opportunities for competitive SMEs across Prime contractors’ defence and civil supply chains. The GSC Program is focussed on helping Australian companies add real, enduring value in the global supply chain. Like the AIC Program, work must be won on merit, requiring the SME to be globally competitive or to offer a product, technology or service that is world leading. The GSC Program is the only one of its kind in the world, and in conjunction with the CDIC, the Primes provide mentoring and training, participate in trade missions around the world and collaborate with each other to drive outcomes for Australian SMEs. To date, the program has resulted in

To date the GSA Program has resulted in

183

organisations and universities being awarded contracts totalling over

$1.2bn

183 organisations and universities being awarded contracts totalling over $1.2bn. This work is across all domains, from machining of parts to hypersonics, and at all levels of technical readiness.

The Indo-Pacific region is of escalating importance to Australian national security. What is your Government doing to maintain and strengthen Australia’s northern and western littoral regions from current and emerging regional security threats? As set out in the 2016 Defence White Paper, the Government is committed

EXCLUSIVE

Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds CSC, inspects the parade during the June 2019 Graduation Parade at the Royal Military College - Duntroon in Canberra.

to a strengthened Defence presence in northern Australia. Defence’s presence and investment in northern Australia over the next decade will gradually increase to support the needs of the more capable, high technology future force that Defence will bring into service and a more active defence posture. The ADF has a significant presence in Northern and Western Australia. Several ADF bases there are undergoing significant infrastructure upgrades in preparation for the deployment of new ADF capabilities over the next decade, including the F-35A Joint Strike Fighter and Arafura Class Offshore Patrol Vessel. Australia is also strengthening its Force Posture Initiatives with the United States, as evidenced by the growing size and sophistication of the Marine Rotational Force – Darwin.

As WA remains integral to projecting Australian naval power into the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific regions, there have been suggestions made for efficiency reasons to relocate Full Cycle Docking to WA, due to the obvious benefits for warships at HMAS Stirling to be collocated to the AMC. When can we expect to see this take place? Whilst the Commonwealth Government has not made a decision to move Collins Class full cycle dockings to Henderson (WA) from Osborne North (South Australia), options are being explored to ensure that the efficient and effective construction of the Attack Class submarine fleet can best proceed while sustainment activities for the Collins fleet remain ongoing. The Commonwealth Government recognises WA as a critical hub of naval sustainment expertise, particularly as a result of the activities of

the State Government-owned Australian Marine Complex. For this reason, and as a result of continued Defence investment in its naval facilities and infrastructure, WA will continue to be a crucial part of the Government’s National Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise.

Being a WA Senator, and a longstanding advocate for WA’s defence industry, how would you describe the capabilities and contribution of WA’s defence sector and its future prospects? WA is a vital part of Australia’s defence industry. It continues to expand its naval shipbuilding and sustainment capability; and is now home to a thriving local defence industry and is a hub of naval expertise, thanks in part to the Australian Marine Complex. The National Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise provides a wealth of opportunities for WA industry, particularly as a result of Defence’s substantial investment in WA’s maritime facilities and infrastructure. Whilst WA’s strength traditionally lies in naval sustainment, there are also major projects occurring in the land, space and science domains. These include the Future Naval Aviation Combat System Helicopters, MRH90 Multi Role Helicopter, and space surveillance integration.

How do you respond to the WA Government’s recently launched Defence Strategy and how specifically will you, as the Minister for Defence, look to contribute to its implementation? The Commonwealth Government and the Department of Defence welcome the WA Government’s recently launched Defence Strategy. The State Governments play an important role in delivering Australia’s defence industry policy agenda, and in keeping Australia safe. Clearly delivering our enormous investment in defence, or support our strategic interests – it is a national endeavour. And working together with the States is a key part of delivering on those commitments. We look forward to seeing WA’s defence industry grow, develop and make a greater contribution to Defence capability through Government initiatives and State Government support.

INTERVIEW

Can you provide an overview of your Government’s commitment to Defence investment in WA, including projects and initiatives that are specifically delivering economic outcomes for the State’s defence sector? The Commonwealth Government has demonstrated its commitment to Defence investment in WA by allocating more than $1.5bn for the redevelopment of Henderson and HMAS Stirling. These commitments include $367m for the redevelopment of naval base HMAS Stirling to modernise essential infrastructure, such as the wharves, power, water and security systems upgrade. These works began in August 2017 and local businesses are playing a significant role in delivering these upgrades. In 2018-19 Defence has over $1.1bn of approved facilities and infrastructure projects in either development or construction in WA. The major projects include: (a) HMAS Stirling redevelopment stage 3 ($366m), (b) RAAF Curtin redevelopment ($191m), and (c) Upgrades to Learmonth for KC30 ($190m). The Commonwealth Government is also investing $300m in support of the Offshore Patrol Vessels, $200m in support of Navy’s new replenishment vessels, and $670m to support our new Hunter Class Frigates. Earlier this year the Government announced the construction of two new minehunter vessels and a hydrographic survey ship at Henderson. These commitments build upon the $100m commitment made in February 2017 in naval-related shipbuilding and sustainment infrastructure in Henderson. WA industry is also set to benefit from major defence projects underway or set to occur in the state. This includes WA engineering company Civmec’s investment of over $80m in the design and construction of advanced shipbuilding facilities to support the construction of 10 out of the 12 Arafura Class Offshore Patrol Vessels, and the significant role Austral is playing at Henderson in the production of Pacific Patrol Boat replacements for 13 Pacific Island countries.

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COMMENTARY

By the Hon. Melissa Price MP, Minister for Defence Industry, Australian Government

AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY: “STRONG, RESILIENT AND INTERNATIONALLY COMPETITIVE” Small businesses in the Australian defence industry, I am here to support you. As a proud Western Australian and the new Minister for Defence Industry, my job is to deliver on the Morrison Government’s $200bn plan for the defence industry. The important work of our Australian Defence Force can only succeed with the help of defence industry, the thousands of Australians and Australian businesses who make up ‘The Workforce Behind the Defence Force’.

COMMONWEALTH POLICY The Morrison Government is funding the largest build-up of Australia’s military capability in our history. From defence establishments in Perth to Sydney, Darwin to Adelaide and many places in between, we are building a more capable, effective and agile future force to secure Australia’s interests in an increasingly complex strategic environment. To support, prepare and sustain this future force, Australia needs a strong, resilient and internationally competitive defence industry. We have made tremendous progress to establish the policies we need to achieve this vision for the defence sector and we are working from strong foundations. Australia is already home to some of the world’s most advanced and technologically sophisticated capabilities, and some of the most innovative and hardworking companies. We have connected numerous Australian companies to opportunities in international markets through the Australian Defence Export Office.

Small businesses are the backbone of our economy, and by backing small businesses we are investing in local jobs that are crucial in keeping Australians safe. We are harnessing the innovative potential of the defence sector through a $640m investment in industry through the Defence Innovation Hub and a $730m investment through the Next Generation Technologies Fund. We have also begun working with

EDITION 2 • 2019

industry to build the skilled workforce required to support Defence and the ADF’s capability build. Our Government has put the policy framework in place, but the hard work starts now to deliver on our commitments for small and medium business in the Australian defence industry. I am ready to use my more than 20 years of commercial and legal experience in the resources and construction sector to drive the implementation of our Government’s policies.

MINISTERIAL COMMITMENT My driving focus is to ensure the defence industry delivers capability on time, on budget and which is valued by our service men and women. Where and when there are roadblocks, I want to remove them. I will also be driving opportunities for our defence industry to market Australia’s quality products and services overseas. My door will always be open for those SMEs, as well as the industry Primes. When it comes to the defence industry, a small business does not have to aim small. I expect efficient, effective and innovative work from the industry, but that is a two-way street. In return, I will work with the sector to improve contractual arrangements where necessary. It is essential we support the 3500 small businesses that make up the majority of our defence industry capability in Australia to achieve these outcomes. Small businesses are the backbone of our economy, and by backing small businesses we are investing in local jobs that are crucial in keeping Australians safe. We have a comprehensive strategy for industry engagement. Some of our most exciting concepts include the Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC), your front door to do business with Defence. It offers business advisory services and grants to support industry to get ‘business ready’ to work with Defence. The CDIC has already awarded 98 Capability

COMMENTARY

$200BN PLAN

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The Hon. Melissa Price MP on the deck of a new Air Warfare Destroyer at the Osborne Naval Precinct in South Australia.

Improvement Grants to Australian small and medium businesses with a total value of more than $3.4m. It is a great start. However, it can and should do more for the industry and I’m going to make that a priority.

A MULTI-GENERATIONAL EFFORT Through our National Defence Industry Skills Office, we are establishing a new model of Defence Industry skilling grants for SMEs that will help reduce the barriers faced in up-skilling or retraining people. However, we must urgently plant the seeds now for our future workforce. We need to educate parents, the educators and young people about what a career in defence industry looks like, because this will be a multigenerational effort. It’s not a stretch to say your family business could spend generations in the defence industry. I want to make sure work promised to Australian industry is delivered by Australians wherever possible. That is my expectation, and there is a policy framework in place to ensure our Government won’t consider a defence industry bid until the company can prove the extent of Australian participation in that bid.

© Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds and Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon. Melissa Price MP, visited the Osborne Naval Precinct in South Australia on 27th June 2019.

To ensure we are maximising opportunities for Australian businesses to share in the increasing amount of defence work, on March 28, then Minister for Defence Industry, Senator the Hon Linda Reynolds CSC, released the Defence Policy for Industry Participation. The policy extends the successful Australian Industry Capability (AIC) Policy to defence procurements of $4m and above ($7.5m and above for infrastructure and facilities projects). To meet the new requirements of the policy, successful tenderers will need to provide detailed commitments on

how they will utilise and develop Australian industry. These commitments will become contracted deliverables and successful tenders will be required to report on their performance against them. Defence is also introducing a riskbased assurance review program for contracted Australian Industry Content plans by the end of this year. Our National Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise alone will create more than 15,000 jobs nationally, with the shipbuilding workforce expected to grow to about 5200 workers through the 2020s alone. How many other industries are offering that amount of work to Australians and local businesses? The foundations are in place to build a strong and sovereign defence industry, and now we must deliver.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ADVERTORIAL

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THE COMPLICATED WORLD OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY IP

Those in the defence industry should be aware that their innovations could be capable of generating valuable IP rights for them that might create additional commercial opportunities. It would be wise to take appropriate steps to secure such IP rights.

As part of the Australian government’s $200bn build-up in the country’s defence capability, the government has committed to purchase at least 72 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (F-35) aircraft for three operational squadrons of the RAAF. The first two F-35s arrived at RAAF Base Williamtown in NSW on 10 December 2018. Of the 15 countries in the F-35 JSF program, Australia’s acquisition is quite significant, coming behind Italy (90), the UK (138), Japan (147) with the US having the largest acquisition (2443). At an estimated cost of $17bn, Australia’s purchase has been described as the largest acquisition in the history of the RAAF. Australian businesses have also been part of the F-35’s development, with more than 50 Australian companies directly sharing $1.2bn in production contracts. Aside from the focus on technological innovations, there is another aspect of the F-35 program that rarely gets a mention in general forums, and that is the Intellectual Property (IP) created. Collaborators in such projects should be aware of the IP rights created, not only to take advantage of prospective commercial opportunities but to avoid pitfalls since, at their core, IP rights function to empower their owners by giving them exclusivity in respect of whatever the IP right is protecting. The types of IP rights most commonly encountered in defence and related industries can be divided into two groups. The first group comprises patents (for inventions, including products and processes), designs (for product shape/ appearance), and trademarks (words/ logos used in branding) – these rights are formally granted by a government authority. The second group comprises copyright, confidential information, trade secrets and know-how. There’s an IP-related story, and lesson to be learnt, from the F-35 program itself. In 2016, in addressing concerns regarding cost overruns and delays in the program, US Congress mandated an inquiry into US technical data rights

EDITION 2 • 2019

laws to assess the scope of legal basis for determining entitlement to technical rights in products procured for military purposes. During the inquiry it became clear that a significant factor was a lack of initial understanding as to the ownership of IP intrinsic to the aircraft. It appears that during the acquisition process, little attention had been paid to who legally owned the rights to the technical data and IP associated with the aircraft. This meant that the aircraft could not operate without the consent from the IP rights holders. In commencing the F-35 program, the US Department of Defense (DoD), in effect, adopted a total systems performance responsibility approach in which development was driven by industry collaborators, rather than government – the thinking being that development would occur faster and at lower cost when incubated in an industry environment. This ‘hands-off’ approach, in effect, handed ownership of significant IP in the aircraft to industry, not necessarily to the DoD. It turns out that when information was needed for operational purposes, the Pentagon began to experience limitations in access and use of proprietary information which, in many cases, necessitated additional cost and caused unplanned operational delays. While most technological innovation and development in the defence industry will not be of the magnitude of the F-35 program, this saga nevertheless illustrates that, even at the highest levels, if the appropriate steps are not taken to identify and secure IP ownership and rights early on, procurement and platform development can go awry.

A lesson here is to recognize that IP is an integral part of technological innovation and development and can be very valuable, and affirmative steps need to be taken to identify, secure, and protect IP so as to acquire exclusive rights to it. The takeaway here is that this doesn’t happen automatically. In some instances, if appropriate action is not taken within the relevant time frame, IP rights may be impossible to recover. This can result in lost opportunities in maximising potentially significant returns from investments (both in time and cost) expended on potentially highrisk development programs. Taking the correct steps at the right time can ensure that IP is captured, secured and protected effectively. The Australian Department of Defence encourages defence contractors to consider their respective IP position, and has a freely available Defence Intellectual Property Strategy which aims to strike a balance between Defence IP needs, and those of industry collaborators. Those in the defence industry should be aware that their innovations could be capable of generating valuable IP rights for them that might create additional commercial opportunities. It would be wise to take appropriate steps to secure such IP rights. Australia’s participation in the F-35 program not only provides the RAAF with leading edge defence technology, it also provides Australian businesses with commercial opportunities. Such opportunities are not limited to only high profile developments, such as the F-35 program. An intrinsic part of these commercial opportunities can be an opportunity to acquire exclusive IP rights. www.ghfip.com.au

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CYBER RESILIENCE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRY By Rachel Noble PSM, Head, Australian Cyber Security Centre

Protecting Australia from cyber threats is one of our greatest national security challenges. The scale and impact of cybercrime is alarming and costly for business owners and customers throughout the economy. These groups use methods such as phishing, ransomware, business email compromise and malware to penetrate business networks and to make financial gain.

EXPANDING CYBER THREATS The Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) recently highlighted a sophisticated phishing scam that has seen huge financial losses incurred by medium sized businesses supplying IT and electrical products. Cyber criminals and malicious actors regularly target Australian Government systems for information held by contractors and suppliers, who sometimes provide systems of national interest or critical infrastructure to support Australia’s Defence capability. For example, in 2018 an Australianbased manufacturing organisation was breached by an unknown criminal group resulting in the loss of non-sensitive data located within their system. The stolen data was subsequently published on the dark web for sale, with a number of screenshots of the data made public on social media from a prospective buyer. Working with the affected organisation and the Australian Federal Police, the ACSC identified gaps in the system which acted as an entry point for the attacker. Investigators discovered the attacker had obtained staff credentials to gain access. The team secured the affected system before undertaking its own analysis to discover the perpetrator’s tools and techniques. This incident is just one example of the hundreds that get reported to the ACSC every month, including from a wide range of contractors and smaller businesses participating in the defence supply chain.

COLLABORATION WITH THE DEFENCE SECTOR The ACSC works closely with the Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC) to understand the shape of the supply chain in major capability development programs such as the Naval Shipbuilding Program.

cyber attack. Additionally, organisations might transfer these risks to customers.

The threat is real and growing and by working together, we can do something about it. A cyber criminal or a nation-state with sufficient time and resources will be able to compromise most internetconnected networks. That is why we provide advice to help businesses strengthen their defences and improve their resilience in case they are compromised. In Western Australia we support companies within the Australian Marine Complex which include defence manufacturers, local naval support and the oil and gas sector. Our technical education program also helps partners develop and upgrade their cyber security skills within their organisations. These courses include regular threat briefings, actor tradecraft workshops, and incident management workshops. We also work with CDIC and defence industry to help contractors to better understand their supplier’s cyber security position so they can minimise risks to their business. The reality is that if an organisation is receiving a product or service from another supplier, there may be an increased cyber security risk that they have no control over. For example, the supplier may rely on an outdated system that is vulnerable to a

To help executives and managers understand the key cyber security issues, the ACSC has produced two publications: the Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management Executive Companion and the Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management Practitioners Guide. These comprehensive guides will help businesses to understand and manage their cyber supply chain, know what makes a vendor high risk, and provide advice on how to monitor supply chains and controls.

WORKING WITH THE ACSC The threat is real, and growing, and by working together, we can do something about it. A cyber criminal or a nation-state, with sufficient time and resources will be able to compromise most internet-connected networks. That is why we provide advice to help businesses strengthen their defences and improve their resilience in case they are compromised. Our advice to mitigate cyber security risks includes the Essential Eight - a baseline list of cyber security mitigation strategies to assist organisations in protecting their systems against a range of cyber threats. The ACSC has a partner program which is run out of our national centres in Canberra, Perth, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide. The program brings together business and the research community with government agencies in an open and cooperative environment. The Australian Cyber Security Centre brings together the Australian government’s cyber security capabilities to improve the cyber resilience of the Australian community and support the economic, social and environmental prosperity of Australia in the digital age.

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ROLAND STEPHENS: “WE ARE DETERMINED TO EXPAND OUR PARTNERSHIPS AND ENGAGEMENT WITH ALL FACETS OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY” Defence exports are receiving unprecedented attention, including support from the Commonwealth Government, and are becoming an increasingly important sector in Australia’s economic development. Speaking exclusively with WA DEFENCE REVIEW in an indepth interview, Austrade’s Senior Industry Expert for Advanced Manufacturing and Defence, Roland Stephens, provided an update on Austrade’s expertise in promoting defence exports, collaboration with allied Commonwealth Government agencies, defence industry export initiatives and assistance programs, emerging overseas markets for Australian industry, the challenges inherent for prospective Australian companies, and what Austrade is focused on for the foreseeable future.

What defence sector expertise does Austrade possess that enables it to be effective at promoting defence exports? Furthermore, how does Austrade align with other government agencies that support defence industry exports? By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

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Austrade has a strong history of supporting exporters in all sectors. For Defence, we have been active for some time, such as opening up overseas opportunities for the industry at the Avalon Airshow. However, like many relevant State/Territory and Commonwealth Government agencies, we are ramping up our support to industry in response to the Government’s Defence Export Strategy. Critically, we are doing this in an integrated way with all other relevant government agencies. Austrade brings deep commercial knowledge and an extensive global network, with personnel situated globally in over 80 locations across 48 markets. Our offering to defence exporters is global – we work with a business one-on-one to identify suitable markets, devise a market entry strategy and arrange businesscritical meetings. Explicit government support is of particular value in certain markets, and for the defence sector as a whole. Austrade’s global network regularly engages on the ground with defence industry stakeholders in each market – this intelligence is

gathered for the benefit of Australian defence industry. Austrade’s other unique offering to the defence industry is the breadth of its remit and expertise. We cover many sectors including health (e.g. medical devices), fintech, oil and gas and mining services. My own remit covers defence and civilian aviation, the automotive sector, space, and advanced manufacturing. This allows Austrade to promote defence industry capabilities across sectors, and to think flexibly about commercialisation strategies.

Austrade was involved closely with the development of the Department of Defence’s Defence Export Strategy. The Strategy recognises the need for a cross-agency offering in support of defence exporters. Austrade was involved closely with the development of the Department of Defence’s Defence Export Strategy. The Strategy recognises the need for a cross-agency offering in support of defence exporters. Austrade offers its unique strengths alongside the Australian Defence Export Office (ADEO), with which Austrade has a particularly close relationship, the Australian Defence Export Advocate, Hon. David Johnston, Export Finance Australia (EFA), the Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC), and State and Territory agencies and advocates. Austrade staff are in daily contact with our allied agencies, finding new ways to work together, referring clients to each other, and refining the support we provide to ensure greater coordination. One example of this is our recent targeted trade mission to Oman, where Austrade believes there is significant market potential. Here, Austrade

INTERVIEW

export promotion expenses. It’s essential for any defence industry exporter, and we are seeing growing interest in it from the defence sector.

Team Defence Australia (TDA) events take export ready companies overseas by giving them space on an ‘Australia’ stand, and access to events and support. These events are delivered by the Australian Defence Export Office, and supported by Austrade.

These services have produced great results, but in response to the Defence Export Strategy, Austrade wants to do more to support Australian defence industry. That’s why in working with the ADEO, we’ve appointed Defence and Security Directors to promote Australian defence industry exports in eight priority markets. We have completed these appointments in the United States, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, France and Germany, with further appointments to come in Asia. These Defence and Security Directors will deliver our existing services, but from a position of greater strength as they will be focused exclusively on understanding their respective defence and security markets. They will also support Department of Defence activities, such as TDA, provide market intelligence to Austrade and Defence, and identify new pathways to export success.

Team Defence Australia and Australian Government delegates at the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition 2019.

worked with the Australian Defence Export Office with strong support from Austrade’s commercial network. Team Defence Australia (TDA) events take export ready companies overseas by giving them space on an ‘Australia’ stand, and access to events and support. These events are delivered by the Australian Defence Export Office, and supported by Austrade. They function to generate trade and investment outcomes, market Australia as a whole as a renowned provider of defence capability, and allow our clients to test new markets. The ADEO sets the market and leads recruitment and delivery of the event. Austrade activates its network to organise specific in market activities, introduce TDA participants to international contacts, partners and buyers, and provide market insights. The CDIC and EFA support TDA events by providing export readiness assessments, market research and advice, and export-related grants and financial assistance. State and Territory agencies organise side missions adjacent to the TDA event.

Can you provide an update on Austrade’s existing defence industry export and advisory programs, and what has been achieved since their inception? The core of Austrade’s offering is our advisory service. We work with defence industry businesses providing one-on-one advice to define, refine and execute their export strategies. Austrade also provides advice on doing business overseas, market intelligence and introductions to key stakeholders. We’ve seen some significant successes over the years. At the 2019 Avalon Airshow alone, Austrade arranged over 200 meetings between customers from Poland, India, Vietnam, Japan and Indonesia, and export-ready Australian companies. This is a great example of how we seek to lower barriers to export by bringing opportunities to businesses. Another beneficial resource is Austrade’s Export Market Development Grant (EMDG) program that can provide up to 50% reimbursement for applicable

Of further benefit to the defence sector is Austrade’s Landing Pads program that provides start-ups and scale-ups support to grow their business and enter new markets. This is done through providing companies residency in a co-working space, business support and advice and access to in-country business communities. This Landing Pad concept is now being explicitly extended into the defence sector and, in partnership with the ADEO and CSIRO, we welcomed our inaugural civilian/ defence dual-use technology cohort into our San Francisco Landing Pad. The United States can be a challenging market to enter, particularly for small Australian defence exporters, so this program is able to leverage the combined United States civilian and military network of Austrade, the ADEO and CSIRO to provide specialised business support to Australian start-ups and scale-ups in the highly competitive environment there.

What sort of reputation does Australian defence industry have in overseas markets, and what are the sector’s key selling points? Overall, Australia’s defence industry is well regarded. In some measure this is because the Australian Defence Force

EDITION 2 • 2019

INTERVIEW

(ADF) is rightly respected as an advanced, well-supported and properly-equipped force. Our industry is well regarded because it supplies, sustains and supports many of these capabilities. This is a key selling point, and something Austrade works with the ADEO to leverage.

Overall, Australia’s defence industry is well regarded. In some measure this is because the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is rightly respected as an advanced, wellsupported and properly-equipped force. In terms of specific defence capabilities, while Australia has created some marquee platforms, such as the vessels developed and manufactured by Austal in WA, we are better known overseas for niche capabilities in electronic warfare, and the sustainment and upgrade of existing capabilities. Such capabilities speak to the breadth of Australian capability, as well as our flexibility, capacity for innovation and overall drive. Another strength of the Australian defence industry is our relative openness. We don’t operate an offset regime which many countries use to mandate percentages of spending or industry involvement. Australian companies are free to work flexibly with foreign companies, and each other. Australian companies have an excellent track record of global collaboration, which is a key selling point. The global perception of Australian defence industry is also dependent on the world’s view of our allied industries. Australia is viewed as a globally important provider of capabilities in traditional sectors, such as resources and agriculture services, and very capable in universities and R&D. When Austrade promotes Australian defence industry, one great challenge is to draw that global reputation of excellence in allied sectors across to the defence sector. Part of that relates to how Australia markets itself, but it also requires greater cross-sectoral selling of technologies by Australian companies. Austrade’s cross-sectoral remit gives it certain strengths to provide support in this area.

What are the emerging market opportunities for the Australian defence industry? Is Austrade seeing an increase in investor interest in the Australian defence industry, and if so, what sectors are of most interest to overseas investors?

and some notable Australian successes. Austrade is working with the ADEO to take advantage of these trends. Early in 2019, the Royal Australian Navy’s Indo Pacific Endeavour showcased and provided a platform to promote some of Australia’s leading defence and humanitarian technologies and services to our neighbours. This included Thales Australia, DroneShield and TAE Aerospace. Austrade and the ADEO working very closely on this undertaking which connected businesses to military decision-makers, officers, officials and industry heavyweights. There are other markets interested in Australian capabilities with an openness to foreign investment. For example, Oman is making a concerted effort to diversify its economy, attract more foreign business and investment, and is interested in defence capabilities in areas like shipbuilding and training. Another example, Poland, has a strong aviation industry and is undertaking a large defence modernisation program. Many Australian companies have achieved success in Poland with more opportunities for Australian businesses prepared to collaborate. In Australia, Austrade sees greater interest by investors attracted by the Australian Government’s large investment in defence capability. Australia welcomes foreign investment for the opportunities and growth it provides, and Austrade works with these companies, and their supply chains, to ensure they add value to our defence industry. For example, we encourage investors to partner with local businesses and provide supply chain opportunities here in Australia. Needless to say, we expect these alliances to become a future source of export opportunities for Australian industry. The naval shipbuilding industry is a particular drawcard for investors, but we are also seeing very strong interest in our research capabilities at universities and advanced manufacturing capabilities. Investors are interested in companies with capabilities that extend beyond just the defence sector, that are somehow differentiated, and that can supply globally. Austrade is also exploring the potential of alternative investors in Australian defence industry, given the rising importance of dual-use and non-traditional technologies to Australia’s overall set of sovereign defence capabilities. While the opportunities for Defence and defence industry are significant, Austrade is always mindful of the specific sensitivities attached to investment partnerships in the defence environment.

What challenges are unique to defence exports for Australian industry, and what advice can Austrade provide to assist industry in overcoming these challenges?

Close strategic Five Eyes and Western European partners remain the most prospective markets for Australian defence industry. This reflects the strength of our defence relationships, international defence capability demand, and the complementary capability offering from Australian defence industry.

Achieving success in the defence industry can be challenging in Australia, and even more so in offshore markets. Overseas, Australian businesses face complicated procurement rules, preferential treatment for local industry, and strong domestic competition. This is on top of the normal challenges faced by exporters, such as partnership selection, payment delays, and the balance between observing local customs and procedures, while maintaining a strict sense of probity and adherence to Australian law.

In terms of emerging markets, there is a growing appetite for Australian defence capability in Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, driven by their defence modernisation programs. Austrade sees increased interest in these markets

Austrade can work with companies to build an export strategy and obtain early market intelligence. We can help the exporter determine the most prospective opportunities and undertake research on the fundamentals of each market. We can

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INTERVIEW

Participants of the innagural defence and dual-use landing pad cohort in San Francisco.

advise clients of in-country market events that they can leverage to either promote their offering or learn more about a market’s requirements. Austrade typically advises exporters to focus their efforts on a few key markets and sectors, and to commit themselves to an extended market development campaign. It can take several years to secure a defence contract, and the exporter will need to establish their reputation in a new market. Trust is hard won, but very valuable once secured. One particular challenge faced by Australian exporters is the sometimes, limited awareness of Austrade capabilities in certain areas. For example, while Australia’s naval shipbuilding industry is becoming more well-known due to our major investments, the strength of our training services is less well known in some markets. Austrade is working with the ADEO to address this holistically, but we can also assist companies on a case-by-case basis. For example, Austrade can advise on the best type of marketing and information materials for particular markets, and get these items circulated to potential partners.

Austrade’s key objective is to do our part in realising the Australian Government’s ambition of a flourishing export-led Australian defence sector. This implies a future sector comprised of more, and larger, firms pursuing opportunities across a diversified set of geographic and adjacent end-use markets.

What are Austrade’s key objectives and policies with regard to promoting Australia’s defence sector? Austrade’s key objective is to do our part in realising the Australian Government’s ambition of a flourishing exportled Australian defence sector. This implies a future sector comprised of more, and larger, firms pursuing opportunities across a diversified set of geographic and adjacent end-use markets. Austrade seeks to use its resources – the international network and market connectivity, EMDG grants, close partnership with ADEO and other agencies, and expertise in export support and investment attraction – to that end. Our ambition is to provide a seamless, high quality service to defence industry in partnership with allied agencies across all Australian governments. We want to help Australian industry win! In policy terms, we are determined to expand our partnerships and engagement with all facets of defence industry, and the CDIC, and to advocate for commercially-friendly policy settings – particularly on behalf of SMEs. In the defence sector, as in all sectors, we are a voice for industry within government, and we advocate policy settings that help industry to grow through export opportunities and appropriate investment. We encourage industry bodies and individual businesses to communicate their views to us.

Who should companies contact at Austrade for help with developing their export potential? Our advisors are here to help. We can provide free advice on doing business in overseas markets and assist you with information about the Export Market Development Grant, Landing Pads and all of Austrade’s other product offerings. Companies interested in exporting defence products, services and technologies should contact Austrade.

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EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEW

THE ASCENDENCY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S DEFENCE SECTOR

Since the launch of the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan at the inaugural WA IndoPacific Defence Conference in late October 2018, the WA Government has made good progress in implementing its recommendations. WA DEFENCE REVIEW conducted its annual and exclusive interview with the WA Minister for Defence Issues, the Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA. He spoke about the developments that have taken place over the past 10 months that have advanced the interests of Western Australia’s defence sector.

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

Defence West has certainly been creating a lot of momentum in recent months and I’m happy to say we are now seeing results. When we established the Office of Defence West, its objective was to support the industry and be a good partner to Defence. It was an opportunity to assess WA’s capabilities and identify how we could best position the State to support Defence. Setting up Defence West also enabled the State to identify the structure which was needed to deliver this support. MAJGEN Jeff Sengelman (Rtd) DSC, AM, CSC, in his role as the strategic advisor, provided crucial guidance by developing the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan.

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

In October 2018, the WA Government launched its much-awaited WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan (WA Defence Strategic Plan). A lot seems to have happened since, with the launch of the Defence Science Centre, the appointment of an Executive Director for Defence West and the establishment of a Defence Advisory Forum. Can you please provide an update on these developments and why they are important?

Minister Papalia speaking to an audience of defence industry professionals at the launch of the Defence Science Centre on 12 June 2019.

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In delivering the plan, MAJGEN Sengelman recommended the State to prioritise the engagement of an Executive Director to lead the implementation of the plan, and to establish a Defence Advisory Forum to provide information and independent advice to the State Government on Defence issues. We recently appointed Mr Matt Moran as the inaugural Executive Director of the Office of Defence West. Mr Moran is well known in Defence and defence industry circles, having served as a senior adviser to the former Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon. Christopher Pyne. The Defence Advisory Forum, chaired by the WA Defence

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Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon. Steven Ciobo, MP, was joined by the Chief of the Defence Force, General Angus Campbell, AO, DSC, the Hon. Senator Linda Reynolds CSC, and WA Minister for Defence Issues, the Hon. Paul Papalia CSC MLA, and representatives from the Papua New Guinea Government at a ceremony to receive the first of four Patrol Boats from Austal Headquarters, in Henderson, Western Australia.

Advocate, RADM (Rtd) Raydon Gates AO, CSM, has been established, with the group meeting on a quarterly basis. With Mr Moran in the role of Executive Director, and the Forum up and running, we are now even more strongly positioned to boost the State’s defence sector.

Earlier this year, your government opened the Naval Base Campus of South Metro TAFE to improve defence industry skilling and training. What impact will the new campus have on WA’s defence sector, and in filling the workforce and skills shortage in Australia’s defence industry? Under the McGowan Government we have a clear objective to diversify the economy. Growing the local defence industry is obviously a key part of this. Jobs will be created as this industry grows so we are identifying the key skills required in the years to come. The establishment of the Naval Base Campus provides the facilities to train workers to meet the demand of the Naval Shipbuilding Plan. The Department of Workforce Development, through the WA Defence Industry Workforce Office, which is based at South Metropolitan TAFE, is developing the workforce plan to meet forecast industry demand.

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As investment from Defence Primes plays an integral role in expanding the defence sector, what is your Government doing to attract prospective investment from Primes? The first point is that many of the major Primes already have a presence in WA including, ASC, Austal, Babcock, BAE Systems, Boeing, L3 Oceania, Lockheed Martin, Lurssen, Pilatus, Raytheon, Saab, Thales and more. Obviously, to attract more investment by Primes to WA we

The first step we have taken is to establish more effective communications between industry and the State Government. This is why we have redefined and established the WA Defence Advisory Forum. The role of this forum is to inform the government on the key issues, so that effective and enduring policies can be developed need to win more contracts. The release of the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan provided industry, Defence, and in particular, the Primes, with greater clarity over the position of the State in supporting the delivery of defence capability. It outlined the areas where the State saw a competitive advantage, as well as provided insight into where the State has identified opportunities to diversify into other markets and sectors. It’s critical that the State Government ensures key matters such as infrastructure suitability and access, as well as building a skilled workforce, are being well looked after.

There are indications that in the years ahead, Full Cycle Docking (FCD) of Collins class submarines might be transferred from South Australia to Western Australia. How is your government preparing for this potential eventuality? Securing WA as the main hub for all maintenance and sustainment of Australia’s submarines and frigates is a key objective of the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan. This includes the transition of Collins class full-cycle docking to WA. Any decision to move is up to the Commonwealth Government. The Office of Defence West and I are working collaboratively with Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon.

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Branch and their dependants, who become deceased, damaged or permanently disabled in, or as a result of their service or training. The funds raised by the Trust will be allocated to families and individuals to provide immediate aid and to fill the inevitable gaps in support provided by the Defence, Department of Veteran Affairs (DVA), and other key ex-service organisations.

To make a Donation Please Visit: www.ncdt.org.au/donations/ Follow our events and stories on Facebook and Linkedin #navyclearancedivertrust and #unitedand undaunted

INTERVIEW

EXCLUSIVE

Minister Papalia and the Shadow Minister for Defence Industry, Matt Keogh MP at the launch of Defence Science Centre in June 2019.

Linda Reynolds, and Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon. Melissa Price MP, to ensure any decisions around sustainment and maintenance are in the national interest. Clearly, we would welcome more work moving to WA, and it’s critical we ensure the State is ready.

Given that you are also the WA Minister for Small Business, what policies and initiatives is your government implementing to promote the start-up sector to support Defence? The first step we have taken is to establish more effective communications between industry and the State Government. This is why we have redefined and established the WA Defence Advisory Forum. The role of this forum is to inform the government on the key issues, so that effective and enduring policies can be developed. As identified in the WA Defence Strategic Plan, the McGowan Government has a vision focused out to the year 2030. This was created to align with the timeframes identified in the Integrated Investment Program (IIP) and to take a collaborative approach, so that future State Governments maintain and build upon

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The State Government recently launched the Defence Science Centre (DSC). The DSC is a part of a national network, which has been established in conjunction with the Defence Science and Technology Group. While focusing on the priorities of Defence, the DSC will play an important role in helping build the State’s advanced manufacturing capability

what this government has established. This is the key to implementing and promoting the development of sovereign industrial capability and provides clarity to industries, including start-ups, that the leadership and support provided by the State becomes a key enabler for their success.

As the WA Government’s Defence Strategic Plan was so comprehensive, what else remains to be implemented in the near term? Are you content with the present progress towards this realising vision?

Last year, the WA Government announced its ambition to attract more US Navy vessels to stopover in WA, particularly at Broome and Perth. What has happened since and what can we expect to see over 2020-2021?

In simple terms, there is always more to be done. A number of key actions, which have been identified above, have already commenced. As noted in your earlier question, the State Government recently launched the Defence Science Centre (DSC). The DSC is a part of a national network, which has been established in conjunction with the Defence Science and Technology. While focusing on the priorities of Defence, the DSC will play an important role in helping build the State’s advanced manufacturing capability. I am confident that with Defence West’s work, we are laying the foundations to establish WA as the pre-eminent base of operations for our ADF and alliance partners in the region. The State is actively building closer ties with Defence and the Commonwealth Government. Only by working together will we be successful in providing outcomes for the State in the national interest.

The primary focus of the State Government is to support the requirements of Defence. Helping Australia’s key alliance partners, such as the US military, is something the State Government is very keen to do. However, several issues must be addressed. These include understanding the capacity of WA infrastructure in regional areas, such as Broome, to support Australian operations and those of our allies. This will be informed through an infrastructure assessment process, which will help the work of Infrastructure WA.

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Supporting a strong and enduring Defence presence in WA Growing the Stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Defence industry capability and contribution Developing strategic infrastructure Building research and innovation partnerships Advancing education, training and skilling Valuing our Veterans and Defence personnel

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Learn more at

defencewest.wa.gov.au

The Australian Naval Institute is the leading forum for naval and maritime affairs in Australia. Formed in 1975, the main objectives of the Australian Naval Institute are to encourage and promote the advancement of knowledge related to the Navy and the maritime profession; and to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning subjects related to the Navy and the maritime profession.

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The ANI achieves these goals through:

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priority booking and discounts on ANI events and cosponsored conferences;

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the Australian Naval Review;

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full access to the ANI website;

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access at member rates to events conducted by kindred organisations; discounted access to the on-line version of the US Naval Institute Proceedings.

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The annual Vernon Parker Oration and ANI dinner

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The Goldrick Seminar which each year focuses on a different aspect of naval affairs

Presentation of the annual ANI McNeil Prize to an individual or individuals who have made an outstanding contribution from industry to the capabilities of the Royal Australian Navy

Joining and Contributing to the ANI Your membership helps support the ANI in realising its objectives. Members receive:

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Publication of the annual, peer-reviewed Australian Naval Review

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Conducting Maritime Events onboard Naval Ships and Establishments to promote engagement of ANI members and others with the Fleet

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ADVERTORIAL

ECHO MARINE GROUP

Echo Marine Group build team for M/Y Charley 51m yacht support vessel.

In any industry, new businesses can expect to take years to become established, if they manage to survive at all. However, Henderson shipbuilder Echo Marine Group (formerly Evolution Commercial and Echo Yachts Pty Ltd), opened for business in 2010 and was winning international awards by 2015. By 2018, the company had launched a superyacht that had broken many existing records: the largest built in Australia by a factor of two, the largest aluminium superyacht in the world, the largest trimaran superyacht in the world, and generating 40% more power to fuel efficiency than equivalent mono-hull vessels. The luxurious and eye-catching yacht is 84m in length, 20m in beam, generates 19 knots top speed, cruises at 14 knots, and has a potential range of 5000 nautical miles. And the awards just kept coming! They include: Superyacht Australia Manufacturer of the Year in 2015 and 2017, Superyacht Australia Manufacturer and Project of the Year in 2019, Boat Design and Finalist Innovation Awards winner in Naval Architecture in 2019, and a judges’ commendation for a superyacht displacing more than 2000 GT in 2019. In addition, the big yacht’s support, or ’shadow‘, vessel, is twin hulled and more than 46m in length, earned Echo the award of Finalist in the 2017 World Superyacht Awards Shadow Vessel category. So what does it take to go from inception to international star performer in under a decade? Sales and Marketing Manager Chris Blackwell states simply “it comes from the top”. It’s the senior

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A company that can build ships of international award winning calibre can also aspire to building naval vessels, for which it is already providing sustainment work.

EDITION 2 • 2019

management of any organisation that sets the vision and the tone, in this case informing a culture that is about skill, teamwork, great projects and the giving of one’s best— the sort of company that is seen as an employer of choice. Echo pays above award wages and keeps a solid core of skilled people in permanent employment, yet retaining the capacity to expand and contract to meet the ebbs and flows of contract work. The company has all the core skillsets, such as naval architecture, engineering, electrical, fitout, and fabrication, but has avoided the productivity sapping role demarcation. “If the need arises, fabricators get involved in interior fit-outs, or engineers in furniture installation”, General Manager Nigel van Rongen said, revealing a work ethic that would be the envy of any business, as well as giving Echo Marine Group an indicator of having multi-skilled team. If one looks for a point of difference in Echo’s operational style, it may well be the company’s ability to produce a clientinspired, customised product that involves complexity of design— as opposed to manufacturing standardised products with a ’boxy’ design for simplicity and speed. And yet, the company is satisfied it achieves similar efficiencies through its specialised team, workplace practices and productive culture. Echo’s aim is to create a successful partnership with the client throughout the entire product-realisation process, and then to nurture and maintain a lasting relationship. That relationship extends to supporting the product wherever in the world it is domiciled. The company currently has a 20 person team in Singapore and has serviced vessels in Indonesia, the Maldives and Malaysia. When a recent hurricane damaged boats in the Caribbean, Echo was one of the shipbuilders brought in to conduct repairs on the damaged vessels.

In today’s world, formal quality certification is not optional, and the Echo Marine Group has met all the requirements to achieve certification to the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Its welding procedures are approved by DNV-GL, Lloyds and ABS which are all members of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). A company that can build ships of international award-winning calibre can also aspire to building naval vessels, for which it is already providing sustainment work. Echo has a solid track record of ship sustainment in the private sector, having renovated six superyachts across a range from hull and tank plating, through fit-out and engine refurbishment to respraying the paintwork. In fact, the company offers the full range of repair and renovation services, such as: refitting, conversion, modifications, dockings, electrical systems, fuel, water and fluids systems, heating and ventilation and pneumatic systems. Another outstanding feature, perhaps unique in the industry, is Echo’s capacity to build with any of the three main shipbuilding materials: steel, aluminium and fibreglass. Not yet a decade old, Echo has made a big impression in a short time, in a local marine industry which was already making Australia, and the world, take notice. It will be no doubt be inspiring to watch its further achievements in the years to come.

By Terry Booth Special Correspondent,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

www.echomarinegroup.com

COMMENTARY

DEFENCE WEST: A GOOD PARTNER TO DEFENCE By Matt Moran,

Executive Director, Office of Defence West, Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation, WA Government

Western Australia’s defence industry has a very exciting future. I am a passionate advocate for the industry, and I believe by creating a vibrant sector it will help ensure our military remains strong in an uncertain world.

(L-R) RADM Raydon Gates (Rtd) AO CSM, WA Defence Advocate; Rebecca Brown, Director General JTSI and Matt Moran, Executive Director Defence West at the launch of the WA Defence Science Centre in June 2019.

SOVEREIGN INDUSTRIAL CAPABILITY

NEW ERA FOR WA INDUSTRY

While our first priority must always be to keep our men and women in uniform as safe as possible, if we grow our defence industry, we create jobs and this also strengthens our economy. We want these jobs in Australia instead of sending them overseas.

It is important WA is connected with the key decision-makers in Canberra as we constantly meet with local companies to listen to their concerns and promote their successes. This is important when you consider there is going to be more than $200bn spent on Defence capability over the next decade. On top of that, the Morrison Government wants Australia to become a top 10 exporter of defence capability.

Former Minister for Defence, the Hon. Christopher Pyne, changed the conversation about the defence industry. For a long time companies felt shut out and ignored but this was turned on its head when he became the first Minister for Defence Industry and, as a former senior advisor I witnessed growing optimism in the industry. Decisions on which company won contracts were made in the national interest and there was a focus on ensuring a project’s Australian Industry Content was always maximised. You simply won’t win over Defence if you aren’t giving them the best kit you can. Christopher worked very well with the WA Minister for Defence Issues, the Hon. Paul Papalia, and the McGowan Government’s decision to establish Defence West was critical to help WA be more competitive in the defence industry.

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WA needs be a good partner to Defence. The challenge will be to simultaneously grow our defence industry and resources sector, and not one at the expense of the other.

COMMENTARY

(L-R) The Hon. Minister Paul Papalia CSC MLA, Chief Defence Scientist Dr Tanya Monroe, Director General Rebecca Brown, Director Defence Science Centre Michele Clement, and Executive Director Matt Moran at the launch of the DSC in June 2019.

There are huge opportunities for WA companies to tap into global markets, but they have to be competitive and innovative, and our experience in the resources sector will be critical to give us an edge over others. WA needs be a good partner to Defence. The challenge will be to simultaneously grow our defence industry and resources sector, and not one at the expense of the other. Developing the State’s defence industry is critical to diversifying our economy and we need to better explain the huge opportunities out there. To make the most of those opportunities, it’s imperative we develop the skilled workforce to deliver what Defence needs and work effectively with the university and start-up sectors to drive innovation. The creation of the Defence Science Centre and establishment of the WA Defence Industry Workforce Office are fantastic initiatives to help achieve this. Also, we need to effectively embrace the experience of veterans because WA has a talented pool of highly trained people we can utilise. This will better integrate them into society after their service and they bring dedication and skills which are not easy to obtain.

DEFENCE SECTOR INVESTMENT The Commonwealth Government has committed to spending billions on Defence capability in WA, but the State has the capability and capacity to do more. As the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan states, we want to “become the principal location for the delivery of all maintenance and sustainment

requirements for Australia’s submarines and frigates.” We will only achieve this if we can prove it’s in the national interest. This is a priority for Defence West and we are working collaboratively on this matter with the Minister for Defence, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds, and the Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon. Melissa Price MP.

Also, we need to effectively embrace the experience of veterans because WA has a talented pool of highly trained people we can utilise. This will better integrate them into society after their service and they bring dedication and skills which are not easy to obtain.

Defence West is also heavily involved in developing a Strategic Infrastructure and Land Use Plan for Henderson. This will look at the short, medium and long-term requirements of Defence, defence industry and other sectors, so we know what investment needs to be made in Henderson to ensure it is world class. Defence West was created to help companies win work. We are here to listen, support you and be your advocates. WA will only be successful if we collaborate and only by taking a ‘Team WA’ approach will we be effective and powerful.

EDITION 2 • 2019

COMMENTARY

WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S NEW ERA FOR DEFENCE SCIENCE By Michele Clement,

Director, WA Defence Science Centre, Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation, WA Government

It has been a great privilege to be involved in the development and establishment of the WA Defence Science Centre. The Australian defence sector is transforming, strongly supported by the Commonwealth Government. This has provided confidence for our local defence sector to invest in their capability and capitalise on the opportunities this brings in helping to meet the needs of Defence, and ultimately Australia’s national security. I believe the new Defence Science Centre is set to further support this transformation and opportunity.

FOUNDATION After many months of negotiation, the WA Government and its partners launched the centre in June 2019. The centre is collaboration between the WA Government, the Defence Science and Technology Group (DST) of the Department of Defence and WA’s four public universities. The aim of the centre is to create research and development connections and build stronger relationships amongst universities, industry and Defence. It may sound a little clichéd, but it is all about transforming challenges into actual capabilities. I believe by supporting and nurturing strong Defence-relevant research collaborations we will develop new ideas and deliver innovative technologies to strengthen Australia’s defence and national security capabilities. Having this mechanism to encourage collaboration and attract Defence-related research and development investment opportunities WA’s defence industry, is a critical enabler for success. Key to the work of the centre is harnessing the capability and research that is already happening in our universities and industries, and our plans and activities within the centre will bring these skills and knowledge together. WA has strong capabilities in the areas of cyber security, remote and trusted autonomous systems, underwater and offshore systems and data process and analytics, to name just a few. Additionally, our collaboration with the Commonwealth Government will see a representative from DST working inside the centre. This will provide us with specialist technical knowledge to assist in identifying opportunities, as well as providing a direct link into Defence which will bring greater clarity in discussions about potential project opportunities.

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OBJECTIVES The centre itself will not undertake any research, rather it will facilitate research and skills exchange between universities, government and industry by actively cultivating relationships and linkages. I tend to describe our role as acting like a matchmaker – we will make introductions and link our universities and broader industry into the defence sector and its supply chains. To support and encourage these relationships we are developing a range of grants aimed at facilitating exchanges and growing collaborative Defence-relevant research. The centre’s grant programs will be an important tool in setting the conditions for commercial opportunities. We have designed these to encourage greater SME participation in Defence business, as well as supporting students who are undertaking research projects in Defence and related industries. My goal is that the centre will provide the opportunity to share knowledge and ideas and open opportunities for greater career pathways. I feel it is important that WA’s future workforce has the right skills to maintain our global competitiveness. This will provide WA industry with the ability to demonstrate our capacity to support Defence contracts and activities now, and into the future. We will support students undertaking Defence-related research and get them working with industry early in their research careers.

COLLABORATION The centre is also part of a national network of similar centres including the Defence Science Institute in Victoria, the Defence Innovation Partnership in South Australia and the Defence Innovation Network in New South Wales. This

The centre itself will not undertake any research, rather it will facilitate research and skills exchange between universities, government and industry. network has been invaluable in providing support and lessons learned as I worked towards the establishment of the WA Defence Science Centre. I will work hard to ensure the centre will emulate the successes of our interstate counterparts, and work closely with them to collectively realise Australia’s strategic goals through industry development. It has been refreshing to get a real sense of partnership and goal commonality across the network. Another group of key supporters is the Defence Science Centre Advisory Board, chaired by Mr Russell Potapinski, General Manager and Head of Intelligent and Autonomous Systems for Woodside Energy. Our Board is made up of senior representatives of each of the member WA universities, the WA Government and DST, as well as two independent members. The collective knowledge, skills and connections the Board members provide are invaluable to supporting my role and the goals of the WA Defence Science Centre. The centre’s grants will be offered through a funding call shortly. I believe the research and industry community here in Western Australia is ready to collaborate to help solve Australia’s pressing strategic challenges, an endeavour that my team is well positioned to facilitate.

The Australian Industry & Defence Network (AIDN) is a national peak body that supports SME suppliers to Defence and Security related customers via advocacy, trusted partnerships and member services.

AIDN, along with its Chapters across Australia, aims to maximise defence and security related business for Australian SMEs by: > identifying and developing opportunities for SMEs to take part in Australian defence business opportunities and global supply chains as direct suppliers, individually and in groups, and via prime contractors > providing advocacy services for its membership to and from Defence, federal and state government and industry, and representation on government industry forums in the Defence sector > developing the skills base of its membership, including through initiatives which utilise government assistance > providing a searchable National Database of member capabilities > contributing to workforce planning and linking industry with federal and state/territory government programs in skills training, innovation, technology and asset development, specialisation, and export readiness > supporting and participating in domestic and international conferences, seminars and trade shows to showcase member capabilities.

Keep up to date with the latest AIDN events and industry information:

For more information, or membership details, please contact:

AIDN WA

admin@aidn-wa.org.au

www.aidn-wa.org.au

0408 949 604

COMMENTARY

WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S EXPANDING SPACE SECTOR By Professor Peter Klinken AC, Chief Scientist, WA Government

Western Australia is well positioned to contribute significantly to the growth of the Australian space industry. Our State has a robust space-sourced data sector, mature industry capability in space operations, and significant research expertise in space and intersecting fields.

IDEAL LOCATION WA’s location, dry environmental conditions and high air quality have provided an attractive setting for major space projects since the late 1950s. Indeed, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tracking stations based in the State have supported the Gemini, Apollo and Skylab space programs. WA is also located in a high-density satellite zone and provides the ability for 24/7 space communications and maximum access to Global Navigation Satellite System constellations. As such, the State hosts a variety of space infrastructure and is involved in a range of space operations, often in remote and harsh environments. WA is active in areas such as; ground-based satellite and deep space communications, earth observations from space, the application of geo-spatial data, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), and ADF communications. For example, the European Space Agency has long established deep space tracking facility at New Norcia. In addition, a site at Mingenew has been recognised as one of the most significant radio quiet zones in Australia and prescribed or facilitating ground station capabilities. The Mingenew site provides services to Asian, European and United States space agencies, commercial space companies and Commonwealth Government agencies. The site includes satellite ground stations operated by the Swedish Space Corporation, Geoscience Australia, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority, with Capricorn Space currently establishing its Australian Ground Network at the site. Furthermore, in May 2019, the construction of the Space Surveillance Telescope Building and support facilities was completed in Exmouth. This $97.2m ADF telescope facility is due to be operational in 2021.

WA is home to the world’s largest radio astronomy project, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), based in the Murchison region.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ENHANCED STEM & RESEARCH CAPABILITIES Our State has a strong university and research institution sector with expertise in the space industry and related fields, and a growing innovation and research and development sector. For example, WA is home to the world’s largest radio astronomy project, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), based in the Murchison region. Professor Peter Quinn of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), a collaboration between the University of Western Australia (UWA), Curtin University and the WA Government, suggests that the SKA will enable scientists to map the universe in an unprecedented manner, and expand scientific knowledge on the origin of the Big Bang. When the SKA comes fully online, it will generate massive amounts of data. The Pawsey Supercomputing Centre was established to handle these huge volumes of data. Data science is required to manage enormous datasets, analyse the data and utilise artificial intelligence is crucial to the success of the SKA project. However, these Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematic (STEM) skills are transferable into many different areas where data is managed and analyzed, including with Defence. These skills are critical for most aspects of modern life, and are equally important for the nation’s defence needs.

TRANSFERABILITY WITH DEFENCE Currently, there are two precursor SKA telescopes, the CSIRO-led Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder and the Murchison Widefield Array, which has the potential to be used for SSA. Recently, Silentium Defence, a spinout company from the Defence Science and Technology Group, began working with researchers at Curtin University using the Murchison Widefield Array for SSA. As the ADF becomes increasingly integrated and reliant on space-based information for intelligence, communications and surveillance, SSA will play a crucial role. While monitoring of satellite positioning is essential, space debris is also a threat to space activities. According to Professor Steven Tingay from Curtin University, objects as small as a golf ball, travelling through low Earth orbit at speeds of

COMMENTARY

The Aperture Array Verification System 1.5 (AAVS1.5) is a station to test the next generation of SKA-low antenna designs. SKA-low is the low-frequency portion of the SKA telescope that will be constructed in Western Australia. AAVS1.5 is a 256 antenna station at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO).

Another example where research and defence interests are coalescing involves the Desert Fireball Network to observe meteorites, but, as recently discovered, could also be applied to SSA. Significantly, Lockheed Martin has entered into a partnership with Curtin University to track objects in the sky. According to its founder, Professor Phil Bland of Curtin University, the FireOPAL project “is a great example of how blue-sky space science projects can rapidly translate into real benefits in Australian space industries and defence”.

SYNERGISTIC INNOVATION As more and more information is transmitted via space, cyber security is a key element in securing the information generated. WA has developed considerable expertise in cyber security, and one of the leading institutions in this field is Edith Cowan University. In recent years, a number of companies have emerged in this area including Sapien Cyber, Red Pirahna and QuadIQ. In addition to research, space has been vital to the development of WA’s remote operations capabilities. The State is viewed as a global leader in remote operations, particularly in harsh environments, based on the expertise developed by the resource sector. Companies such as Rio Tinto, Roy Hill, BHP, FMG, Fugro and Woodside have the ability to manage mines, offshore rigs, autonomous vehicles, machinery and robots from thousands of kilometres away. Their control centres, many designed by Perth-based company Cadwalk, appear on the surface as sophisticated as Defence command centres. The collaboration between Woodside and NASA to use robots in dangerous situations has clear parallels with Defence. Other companies like Blacktree Technology provide communication systems for commercial and defence purposes, which are designed, engineered and manufactured in WA.

Airbus have recently attempted to complement satellite monitoring from space by developing a High Altitude PseudoSatellite, the Zephyr. Launched from Wyndham, in WA’s far north, this lightweight, solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for intelligence, surveillance and monitoring. The Zephyr can fly in the stratosphere over different regions, and payloads can be altered as necessary. While this vehicle has Defence potential, it can also used for civilian purposes, such as monitoring bushfires and providing communications in remote locations. One rapidly emerging area between the space and defence sectors is laser communications. For instance, Dr Sascha Schediwy and his team at ICRAR and UWA are working on novel approaches for ultra-precise laser timing links to support future space missions. This includes establishing a ground-tospace laser timing link between the WA Space Centre and the International Space Station. Many activities in space have dual purposes. The recent surge in space activities within WA can only enhance the burgeoning relationships across academia, industry and Defence.

8km per second, can destroy satellites worth billions of dollars. Therefore, this partnership is bridging academic interests and the needs of Defence.

Aerial view of the SKA’s low frequency aperture arrays and ASKAP dishes in Western Australia.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ADVERTORIAL

HOME GROWN, WORLD LEADING SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

These two sites house six sensors which acquire 10,000 tracks per week. When the planned extension of this network is completed it will provide around 150,000 tracks per week with 24/7 operations. For over 35 years, EOS Space Systems has been pioneering the use of laser technology in space, providing the capability to establish and maintain space intelligence superiority. EOS Space Systems is the space division of Electro Optic Systems (EOS), one of Australia’s largest defence export companies. EOS was founded in Canberra in 1983 and publicly listed in 2003. EOS Space Systems is leading the world in design, manufacture, delivery and operation of sensors and systems for space situational awareness (SSA) and space control. EOS’ SSA capability is recognised as world-leading, and is highly -valued by users in: Australia, Japan, the US and Europe, as well as international space agencies, satellite owners, and overseas defence agencies. EOS’ advanced SSA capability allows users to see, measure and understand activities in space that are conducted by commercial operations, partner countries, and potential adversaries. EOS obtains precise information from space – much of it unique to Australia’s geographical locations – and then analyses the data to create actionable information for system operators, in both commercial and government environments. Using lasers, the EOS SSA capability tracks and predicts the physical location and orbit of human-made objects circling the earth. This not only tracks

EDITION 2 • 2019

The EOS satellite tracking facility at Learmonth, WA, provides active (laser) and passive tracking of space objects for space situational awareness and object characterisation.

operational satellites, but also space debris – a growing problem for access to, and operation in, space. EOS’ use of laser beams to identify and track space debris is a capability that is unsurpassed around the world. As the power of EOS’ lasers increase, so will our ability to physically interact with objects in space. Second only to NASA, EOS has developed more Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) systems than any other organisation world-wide. SLR systems use very short laser pulses to accurately determine the orbits of satellites as far away as the geostationary band, some 36,000km away. EOS Space Systems is developing a network of active and passive optical sensors that will be capable of tracking objects in space from low earth orbits to geostationary orbits and beyond. Currently EOS operates two tracking stations located at Mt Stromlo (ACT), and Learmonth (WA). These two sites house six sensors which acquire 10,000 tracks per week. When the planned extension of this network is completed it will provide around 150,000 tracks per week with 24/7 operations. The EOS sensor network, distributed across Australia, will also be an ideal base for high-performance optical communications. All sites will be preconfigured as optical communications terminals. As part of our space information and intelligence gathering programs, EOS Space Systems has invested heavily in the development of expertise in astro-

dynamics and astro-navigation. These capabilities are combined in our Mission Systems Command and Control Software (AusSSAMS) or the Australian Space Situational Awareness Mission System. AusSSAMS takes data from EOS and other sensors, optical or radar, to not only provide precision orbit determination but also information about a space object’s history, function and intent. EOS uses AusSSAMS for the control and operation of its own sensor network and also offers the capability on a commercial basis. While Australia’s space operations are nascent, and the country as a whole has relatively few space assets, Australia has a large land mass and a widely distributed population that benefits from services delivered from space more so than most other countries. As Australia grows its presence in space, it will undertake operations in an increasingly congested and contested domain. The deployment of mega constellations such as SpaceX, Google and OneWeb are likely to more than double the number of active satellites in low earth orbit in a period of just a few years, generating significant traffic management issues. Space is no longer the sole domain of the great powers of the world. There is growing tension between traditional and new space operators as more and more countries seek to gain the commercial and strategic benefits of space. The ability to proactively monitor objects in space and provide a plausible deterrent to unwelcome activity in orbit is the core of what EOS Space Systems offers. www.eos-aus.com

eos-aus.com/space

HOME GROWN, WORLD LEADING SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

EOS Space Systems SSA Site, Learmonth, WA

COMMENTARY

AN INCUBATOR FOR INNOVATION: START-UPS AND DEFENCE INDUSTRY The start-up scene in Western Australia has come a long way in the last decade, thanks mainly to the personal drive of a dedicated few championing the cause with their own initiatives. This led to the establishment of a thriving industry ecosystem, with local trendsetter Spacecubed leading the way by creating tailored co-working, collaboration and innovation spaces through the provision of centralised access to hot desks, team working spaces and event and meeting areas. This is now a way of doing business in Perth, and has created a strong market where some of the world’s largest co-working companies have established new operations. Copyright: CORE Innovation Hub

CO-WORKING AND START-UPS Spacecubed has seven floors in the Perth CBD with hundreds of co-working members working there each day. Its two main spaces are named FLUX and Riff, and their goal is to empower and connect 100,000 businesses and innovators by 2025. Just over three years ago, CORE Innovation Hub (CORE) opened its doors there as a dedicated innovation hub for the resources sector – the first in Australia. CORE instantly found success in this vibrant yet neutral workspace for collaboration and discussions on industry that would have usually only taken place secretly between friends working for rival companies. Indeed, our CEO, Tamryn Baker sums it up perfectly stating “Australia is already a global resources hub, but we risk losing the immense opportunities from digital technologies if we don’t drive commercialisation of this capability into the sector. With our industry partners, through Unearthed our resident accelerator, and integrated within FLUX, Perth’s largest co-working and entrepreneur space, CORE provides an environment that creates these connections.” CORE is the incubator for innovation, and has a diverse membership base, from one-person start-ups to industry leaders like BHP. Every day we have a subset of our 140 co-working members using our 41 co-working desks in The Hub as well as spreading out over the entire FLUX facility. CORE have six foundation industry partners in total, two are Spacecubed and Unearthed, then we have NERA which is a WA government growth centre for energy resources, and METS Ignited, another government centre for mining and technology. We also have WesTrac who is a major Caterpillar dealership and Austmine who is the leading industry body for the mining equipment, technology and services sector.

OPPORTUNITIES WITH THE DEFENCE SECTOR More recently, the challenges we have been addressing have evolved into space and defence given the inherent similarities between technologies in the resources sector and the defence sector. This emerging market has started to attract the attention of the start-up community in Perth, with more and more enterprises looking to expand their commercial horizons into the defence and space sectors. As such, in mid 2018 CORE invited WA DEFENCE REVIEW as an Affiliate Partner and Advisor to grow the relationship between tech start-ups and the defence sector. CORE also run networking events for their members. Since last year, CORE has partnered with WA DEFENCE REVIEW on

EDITION 2 • 2019

CORE is Australia’s first collaboration and innovation hub focused on resources technology, positioned alongside world-leading resources companies in the Perth CBD.

three occasions to host a series of high-profile events. Beginning in August 2018, an event titled ‘Defence Innovation and StartUps: Insights from WA Industry’ was held at Spacecubed. In June and July this year both the Hon. Kate Lundy, Defence Advocate for the ACT Government, and John O’Callaghan, Defence Advocate for the Victorian Government were hosted as a guest speakers. These events have proven to be practical and educational sessions. The events have attracted a large gathering of start-ups who were interested in learning more about the potential for collaboration with the defence industry and the regulatory bodies that control them and the prospective opportunities this could provide for WA industry. Judging by the response of those who attended, most questions principally focussed on how to enter the defence industry supply chain. More of these educational sessions are required in Perth, and not just in areas like Spacecubed that hold clusters of innovation. There are there are many innovative tech start-ups waiting to be engaged by industry. There is certainly no shortage of talent or products – it is more a matter of getting the right people together at the right time and the right place. CORE leverages its network of industry connections and experience to provide just these sorts of opportunities for its members. Overall, looking at the burgeoning start-up scene with other industries in Perth, CORE is confident that as more opportunities are explored, the link between WA start-ups and the defence sector will grow significantly.

By Aaron Schier ,

General Manager, CORE Innovation Hub

Stephanie Koorey, Senior Correspondent

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

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INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

DEVELOPING AN AUSTRALIAN NAVAL AND MARITIME VISION FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Sean Gough,

In late 2017, Regional Development Australia published a major study titled Security and Defence in Western Australia: An Economic Perspective, which included a number of policy proposals. One of the proposals was a comprehensive argument to introduce a variation of the successful Pacific Patrol Boat Program into the Indian Ocean region – an Indian Ocean Patrol Vessel Program. Over the past two years, the concept has gained in merit and momentum. Yet, while this proposed initiative is worthy of serious consideration, it must be linked to a broader Australian naval and maritime strategy and vision that enhances Australia’s interests and contributes meaningfully to stabilising, and not militarising, the Indian Ocean region. Key elements of this broader vision include the establishment of a Maritime Academy in WA, and the expansion of Australia’s maritime trade and exports to countries in the Indian Ocean region.

Defence Writer,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

WHY THE INDIAN OCEAN MATTERS The Indian Ocean is a historically important zone that constitutes the world’s third-largest body of water. It has a littoral region that hosts 36 countries spanning the shores of three continents: Australia, Africa and Asia (which includes the regions of Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia). Vast quantities of the world’s oil and gas energy is supplied to global markets from the Middle East and transported through the world’s most strategically important sea lanes and choke points. The Indian Ocean is a historically important zone that constitutes the world’s third-largest body of water. It has a littoral region that hosts 36 countries spanning the shores of three continents: Australia, Africa and Asia (which includes the regions of Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia). Vast quantities of the world’s oil and gas energy is supplied to global markets from the Middle East and transported through the world’s most strategically important sea lanes and choke points. This diversity and the convergence of so many geographical zones into the Indian Ocean make it also one of the world’s most strategically contested regions. For centuries extra-regional - principally European - powers have sought to dominate its seas. In the 20th century what was once considered a ‘British Lake’ transitioned into an ‘American Lake’ after World War II. Although the French and British still wield considerable influence in the Indian Ocean, Western hegemony and the ‘rules-based order’ is being increasingly tested by a multiplicity of factors. Chief among these factors is the rapid economic rise of China as the world’s second-largest economy, which has led to the expansion of Chinese influence through multi-billion dollar trade and investment programs. India’s economic rise has led it into a direct

EDITION 2 • 2019

and intensifying strategic competition with China, which is being played out throughout the Indian Ocean region and beyond. The Indian Ocean region is also a highly complex transnational security environment rife with the scourges of extremism, terrorism and large-scale trafficking of humans, weapons, narcotics and other contraband. A brief examination of the highlyregarded Failed States Index suggests that the Indian Ocean region appears to have among the highest, if not the highest, concentration of failed or failing states in the world. Australia also wields considerable influence in the eastern Indian Ocean, a region that is closer to Australia’s areas of direct strategic interest which is the Indonesian archipelago. It is in this context that Australia has been increasingly drawn into the Indian Ocean region. Indeed, since the Vietnam War the ADF has been involved in literally dozens of major deployments and missions ranging from peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to counter-insurgency and high intensity conflicts. As an Indo-Pacific state Australia has the longest Indian Ocean coastline out of any state in the entire region, markedly, and perhaps surprisingly, surpassing that of India and Indonesia. Australia’s trading relationship with Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and even Southeast Asia has a significant, if not dominant Indian Ocean footprint. Although Australia’s defence and security engagement with Indian Ocean states has been primarily Middle East-centric, this has started to change over the last decade as the Indo-Pacific concept has been adopted by successive Australian Governments. Bilateral defence and security engagement with India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka has

SOUTH WEST METROPOLITAN PERTH THE ECONOMIC GATEWAY TO THE WEST ECONOMIC STRENGTH AND STRATEGIC DEFENCE ASSETS The South West metropolitan region covers almost 620 square kilometres housing a population that is expected to reach almost 550,000 by 2026. The regional economy is worth over $26 billion and includes over 32,000 registered businesses with almost 215,000 workers. The region contains significant economic assets such as: major industrial areas associated with the Western Trade Coast; high performing Ports; the largest defence facility in Australia (HMAS Stirling); a general aviation airport and commercial precinct; major public and private hospitals; universities and activity centres; as well as thriving retail, commercial and industrial centres. The region also includes the Australian Marine Complex (AMC) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a world-class centre for excellence for manufacturing, fabrication, assembly, maintenance and technology servicing the defence, marine, oil and gas, and resource industry. South West metropolitan Perth is one of the most capable regions in Australia to support the ongoing development of the defence industry through fabrication, maintenance, refitting and operations support, particularly for maritime services.

REGIONAL COLLABORATION The South West Group, formed in 1983, is a Voluntary Regional Organisation of Councils (VROC) comprising the following member Councils: Cockburn; East Fremantle; Fremantle; Kwinana; Melville; and Rockingham. The South West Group acts as a regional advocate for increased investment, sustainable development, employment creation, and the prosperity of the region. We are here to help connect and support prospective investors in the region. For more information visit southwestgroup.com.au or e-mail the South West Group Director Tom Griffiths at director@southwestgroup.com.au

Phone +61 (08) 9364 0631 southwestgroup.com.au

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INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

Guardian Class Patrol Boat from SEA3036-1 PPB-R project at sea.

expanded markedly over recent years. Australia’s efforts to raise its Indian Ocean profile was demonstrated earlier this year by the unprecedented combined arms naval task force assembled for the exercise Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019.

A CASE FOR AN INDIAN OCEAN PATROL VESSEL PROGRAM For many years Australia has been a constructive participant in three of the Indian Ocean’s key multilateral forums, namely the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) and the Heads of Asian Coastguard Agencies Meeting. However, Australia has the potential to make a more significant impact in the maritime domain towards preserving the Indian Ocean’s ‘Blue Economy’ – the region’s multi-billion dollar marine-based economy. From a defence engagement perspective this could be executed by the: (a) establishment of an Indian Ocean patrol vessel program to provide capacity-building to Indian Ocean navies and coasts guards, (b) expansion of maritime trade, technology transfer and defence export engagement with Indian Ocean countries, and (c) foundation of an Indian Ocean maritime academy to specifically train and skill foreign navy and coast guard officials from Indian Ocean countries. Since 2017 the proposal for the creation of an Indian Ocean patrol vessel program has won key allies in Australia, and also abroad. For instance, in August 2019 former Defence Minister and Australian Ambassador to the United States, Kim Beazley affirmed “The Pacific Patrol Boat Program has been a signature symbol of

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patrol vessel program. Since the western Indian Ocean is of secondary strategic importance to Australia, when compared to the north eastern Indian Ocean, it would be strategically prudent at this stage to have this region excluded from consideration.

Australia’s commitment in our family neighbourhood. Very useful for all the recipients. To extend it to the countries of the Indian Ocean region would be a smart move and likely as effective”. Subsequently, in an interview for the WA DEFENCE REVIEW Video Channel at the inaugural 2018 WA Indo-Pacific Defence Conference, the Chief of the Australian Navy VADM Michael Noonan stated “…the idea of an Indian Patrol Boat Program has some merit. I think if we look around there are probably some great opportunities to work with likeminded countries, to lift their capacity … I would think that into the future there is probably great opportunity to bring commonality of not just platform type, but of key understandings and the way that we operate together…” In July 2019, Australia’s most prominent alliance partner, the United States, backed the idea. ADM Philip S. Davidson, Commander, US Indo-Pacific Command said “The former Pacific Patrol Boat Program—now titled the Pacific Maritime Security Program--is a great example of how investment in regional security can enhance relationships and improve cooperation between partners”. He added “The Pacific Maritime Security Program has three pillars: capable patrol boats, integrated aerial surveillance, and enhanced cooperation. These pillars could become a model for similar programs in other regions, including the Indian Ocean”. As the northern and eastern Indian Ocean takes priority to Australia (essentially the ‘Indo’ part of the IndoPacific), it is in this region where Australia should aim to concentrate its efforts with the introduction of an Indian Ocean

At least six developing countries have the potential to qualify as candidates for the proposed initiative, namely the littoral and island states of Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Thailand (India and Pakistan would not qualify given the large and more advanced capabilities of their navies and coast guards). In addition, if the central Indian Ocean is also included, then there is also the potential to have Mauritius considered. The benefits of implementing an Indian Ocean patrol vessel program for Australia would be manifold. Much like Australia’s experience in the South Pacific, an initiative of this complexion in the Indian Ocean would meaningfully contribute to enhancing regional stability, improve bilateral defence cooperation and information sharing with navies and coast guards, protect sovereignty by preventing the further depletion of fisheries from poaching, and more effective interdiction of trafficking syndicates smuggling contraband in all its forms. For example, protection of fisheries should be a priority mission for Australia as food security and political stability have a symbiotic relationship, particularly as climate change exacerbates environmental challenges. All Indian Ocean states are substantially dependent on seafood not only to feed their large and growing populations, but also as a valuable source of export revenue. Further, two of the world’s principal narcotics producing regions, namely the ‘Golden Crescent’ (comprising Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan) and the ‘Golden Triangle’ (comprising Laos, Myanmar and Thailand), utilise Indian Ocean trafficking routes to access regional and global markets. Considering that many of Australia’s strategic and transnational threats emanate from the Indian Ocean region. The implementation of the proposed Indian Ocean patrol vessel program is therefore a low risk and meaningful contribution that would add another layer of security to protect Australia’s vast, porous and increasingly vulnerable northern and western approaches, and strengthen Australia’s influence. It would also complement Operation Manitou, the

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INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

ongoing Royal Australian Navy presence in the Arabian Sea in support of the Combined Maritime Forces international coalition. Finally, a key component of the proposed concept would require Australian industry participation from the naval and marine sector. Presently Australia’s commercial marine sector footprint is surprisingly sparse. This is especially so given the advanced capabilities of Australia’s naval and marine sectors are internationally respected, and by far the most technologically sophisticated in the Indian Ocean region. As a world-class naval and maritime hub astride the eastern Indian Ocean, West Australian industry has a well-developed and strategically-positioned industry sector that could readily be called upon for support and outreach.

A CASE FOR AN INDIAN OCEAN MARITIME ACADEMY A synchronised policy approach to developing Australia’s naval and maritime vision in the Indian Ocean should include the establishment of an Indian Ocean maritime academy located in Perth, modelled along the lines of the Australian Maritime College.

Recognising the inherent value of this initiative the Australian Naval Institute’s President, VADM Peter Jones (Rtd), stated “The proposed Indian Ocean maritime academy would be an important initiative for us to discuss with our Indian Ocean partners to fully understand their training needs and would necessarily transcend the parameters of an Indian Ocean patrol vessel program.”

WA is already the scene of sophisticated and rapidly-expanding naval and defence industry training and skilling infrastructure that could substantially contribute to the establishment of such an academy. As this proposed academy consolidates its teaching program and develops its infrastructure, there is potential to integrate its curriculum with other naval and maritime academies throughout Australia and overseas. Further, the capabilities of this academy over time could be seen as a possible precursor for higher level naval and maritime warfare training and education for participating Indian Ocean navies and coast guards.

The proposed academy could be specifically created to offer general and specialised skilling and training programs for personnel from Indian Ocean navies and coasts guards. There could be a focus on providing foundational

maritime skills emphasising seamanship, engineering, maritime logistics, boarding operations, navigation training, watch keeping, maritime law and fisheries protection and enforcement.

Considering that many of Australia’s strategic and transnational threats emanate from the Indian Ocean region. The implementation of the proposed Indian Ocean patrol vessel program is therefore a low risk and meaningful contribution that would add another layer of security to protect Australia’s vast, porous and increasingly vulnerable northern and western approaches, and strengthen Australia’s influence.

HMA ships Canberra and Newcastle sail in company with Sri Lankan Navy vessel Sayurala and Sri Lankan Coast Guard vessel Suraksah (front) during Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019.

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MARITIME TRADE, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER & DEFENCE EXPORTS The Indian Ocean region represents vast untapped economic potential for Australia’s naval and marine sectors, particularly in relation to maritime trade, technology transfers and defence exports, and the Commonwealth Government is increasingly aware of this potential. In January this year, Australia’s Foreign Minister, Senator the Hon. Marise Payne wrote in the Financial Express “The Indian Ocean is of vital importance to Australia’s interests in the Indo-Pacific”. She elaborated “With our trade-dependent economy, the continued peaceful development of the Indian Ocean and unimpeded access to its thriving markets will be an important driver of our prosperity” concluding that “Australia believes the Indian Ocean region can be ambitious in the development of its architecture and an enduring sense of community”. It is noteworthy that Foreign Minister Payne’s vision aligns well with the October 2018 Western Australian Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan, where the WA Government declared its 2030 vision, stating “Western Australia has developed into an internationally recognised advanced manufacturing hub that is the pre-eminent base of operations for all Australian Defence Force and Alliance operations in the Indian Ocean”. The Australian Government has existing resources and infrastructure through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Austrade, which can facilitate introductions and assist in cultivating market-entry opportunities for Australian naval and marine companies

ANALYSIS

across the Indian Ocean region. Arguing in favour a spokesperson for Marine WA and AIMEX’s Australian Commercial Marine Group, Chris Blackwell, confirmed “The credentials, experience and expertise of West Australian shipbuilding companies is second to none in innovation, quality and commercial efficiency within Australia and the Indian Ocean region”. He added “Considering that the majority of Australia’s large commercial and superyacht facilities are situated at the Australian Marine Complex, it makes perfect logistical and economic sense that WA has a prominent role in future naval and commercial shipbuilding projects in the Indian Ocean region”.

A synchronised policy approach to developing Australia’s naval and maritime vision in the Indian Ocean should include the establishment of an Indian Ocean maritime academy located in Perth, modelled along the lines of the Australian Maritime College.

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

Given Australia’s significant resources sector footprint, and agricultural exports to the region generally, there is no plausible reason why Australia’s naval and maritime sector, with Commonwealth and State Government assistance, cannot substantially enhance its profile to become a major contributor to the Indian Ocean Blue Economy. In doing so, there is the possibility of creating potentially hundreds of new job opportunities for Australians through new and untapped sources of export income that further diversifies the national economy.

FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS If Australia chose to take a more strategic and targeted approach towards engaging the Indian Ocean region countries, the strategic and economic implications for Australia would be significant. Apart from helping to stabilise the Indian Ocean region through capacity-building, Australia could enhance its influence and be better prepared to mitigate threats and challenges both in the region and to Australia, while at the same time creating new economic opportunities. This would align well with the objectives and aspirations of the 2016 Defence White Paper and 2017 Foreign Policy White Paper and Australia’s longstanding bipartisan commitment to fostering a rules-based international order.

THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION

INDIAN OCEAN

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EXPERT

COMMENTARY

STRENGTHENING AUSTRALIA’S NAVAL SHIPBUILDING ENTERPRISE By Ian Irving,

Chief Executive, Naval Shipbuilding Institute

There has never been a better time to embark upon a high-tech career in Australia’s National Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise. The scale and scope of the $90bn engineering project is unprecedented in Australia’s industrial history, with the cutting-edge upgrade to the Royal Australian Navy’s fleet of ships and submarines having all the hallmarks of a nation-building endeavour.

NEW CAREER OPPORTUNITIES To succeed in this modernisation and expansion of our naval forces, we will require the unrivalled development of a sovereign shipbuilding capacity, and enhanced levels of collaboration in industry to identify, attract, train and retain a shipbuilding workforce. Global Prime shipbuilding companies through to small, bespoke local industry suppliers will all play a critical role in contributing to the realisation of a truly national and sustainable enterprise. Thousands of jobs will be secured for Australians over the coming decades, and there are significant opportunities for local businesses to prosper too, as the positive economic influences trickle through every community. Thousands of small to medium companies within the supply chain and sustainment categories are relying on industry to seize this opportunity. New career opportunities will soon spawn throughout Australia, offering jobs across a diversity of disciplines, from fabrication roles in the construction yards, through to engineering roles in the design bureaus, and leadership opportunities within management teams. They will be jobs of the future supported by state-ofthe-art digital tools embedded throughout the design and construction processes, as well as during integration across the supply chain. Operated by the Naval Shipbuilding Institute - a partnership between KBR and America’s largest naval shipbuilding company Huntington Ingalls Industries - the Naval Shipbuilding College is based at both the Osborne Naval Shipyard in South Australia and at South Metropolitan TAFE’s Naval Base campus in Western Australia. The Naval Shipbuilding College is partnering with Defence, industry and a

EDITION 2 • 2019

national network of training and education providers. Its purpose is to play an integral role in developing the Australian workforce required to ensure the successful delivery of the critical naval capabilities that support our national security. Through fostering professional, trusted and collaborative relationships with global shipbuilding companies, the College is using commercially-sensitive employment data to forecast the future workforce requirements. While many of these companies are traditionally in competition with each other, both nationally and globally, they are committed to pulling in the same direction to grow Australia’s talent pool, through establishing and developing new workforce pipelines to ensure the success of the shipbuilding program. The strengthening of Australia’s naval shipbuilding industrial network provides a unique opportunity for career development and upskilling across a multitude of job categories. Workers will have the opportunity to gain training and qualifications across many high-end skills and professions that will give them a strong foundation for a rewarding and meaningful career. As workers become increasingly skilled, their employment options will widen and many will pursue promotional pathways and new experiences. It is estimated that more than 15,000 qualified and unqualified workers will be required both directly and indirectly in the next 10 years by naval shipbuilders and the associated supply chain and sustainment industry.

IMPLICATIONS FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA WA will play a leading role in the early construction phase with the majority of local workers based at the Henderson

shipbuilding and repair precinct. With with the construction of the Arafura class Offshore Patrol Vessels in WA from next year, there will be significant demand for skilled and experienced men and women. The College is well advanced in partnering with training and education providers across Australia to ensure there is a sustainable pipeline of skilled and job-ready workers available. However, large parts of this workforce are still three to four years away from graduating and the major companies’ current needs are for workers who are both skilled and experienced to lead and establish the core of their design and construction teams. To help meet this demand the College launched a national Workforce Register in July 2018. Aspiring candidates can register from the Naval Shipbuilding College website. First time entrants, people transitioning from adjacent industries or those wishing to upskill within the industry can all use the register to be connected with appropriate training and education providers and potential employers across Australia. Candidate Endorsement Consultants provide tailored training, education and career path guidance to people seeking to acquire the skills and experience required by future employers. It’s an exciting time to be joining Australia’s Naval Shipbuilding Enterprise. More than 1000 people have already registered interest to work on some of the most technologically-advanced projects on the planet, and thousands more are expected to follow as we extend our engagement across the country, to elevate naval shipbuilding as a career of choice. The Naval Shipbuilding College is quickly building its capacity to provide workforce solutions to fulfil the government’s intent, and is ready to remain an integral part of Australia’s defence industry for generations to come.

BUILT TO ACCOMMODATE DEFENCE STRATEGICALLY LOCATED IN THE PLACES YOU NEED TO BE QUEST ROCKINGHAM – QUEST FREMANTLE – QUEST MIDLAND Quest in Western Australia offers 14 hotels in Perth and the surrounding greater metropolitan areas North and South of the City. Quest Apartment Hotels are the ideal choice for the accommodation of the Australian Defence Force and businesses involved in the Defence sector, for short- or long-term stays. NAVY HMAS Stirling, Garden Island is the Navy’s west coast operational, ship repair and maintenance base, including the submarine force. This base is located just a 15-minute drive from Quest Rockingham. ARMY There are three army Barracks surrounding Perth. Quest Mounts Bay Road is the ideal choice for visitors to the Irwin Barracks, just a 12-minute drive from this location and a short 10-minute walk into the central Perth business District and the Perth Convention and Exhibition centre. Quest Fremantle is located just a 7-minute drive from Leeuwin Barracks in East Fremantle and a 17-minute drive to Campbell Barracks.

RAAF Base Pearce N

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Quest South Perth Foreshore

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Welshpool Leeuwin Boat Ramp

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Bibra Lake Jandakot

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Quest Rockingham

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Visit questapartments.com.au to see where you can stay to

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Irwin Barracks Campbell Barracks

QUEST BENEFITS Complimentary high-speed WiFi Complimentary Pantry shopping services Fully equipped kitchens and kitchenettes In-house gymnasium Complimentary Laundry Facilities Local restaurant chargeback arrangements 24-hour onsite management Daily and Weekly Housekeeping services Studio, one- and two-bedroom apartments

715 (City of Belmont) Squadron Australian Air Force Cadets (AAFC)

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AIRFORCE In Western Australia the main Airforce base is RAAF Pearce in Bullsbrook. Quest Midland is located just a 25-minute drive from this base and is the closest and newest accommodation option in the area. Quest Midland is also only a 12-minute drive to Palmer Barracks in South Guildford.

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COMMENTARY

GROWING THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY WORKFORCE By the Hon. Sue Ellery MLC, Minister for Education and Training, WA Government

As the Western Australian defence sector continues to grow, so does demand for highly-qualified and experienced workers. Ensuring we have a pipeline of skilled workers available to support our State’s defence industries is vital, and it requires careful analysis and planning.

SKILLING & TRAINING To develop the skills needed in the WA defence industry the McGowan Government works closely with industry as well as the WA VET sector and the State Training Board. Only through this ongoing engagement can we ensure optimal training and employment for Western Australians into the future.

The McGowan Government has already hosted the inaugural Indo-Pacific Defence Conference in WA, launched Defence West, is advancing the WA Defence Workforce Development Plan, and is responsible for supporting the interests of the local defence industry.

The WA Defence Workforce Development Plan outlines a strategy to grow WA’s defence industry to become a key sector in the State’s economy through collaboration with industry, community, government and educational partners. Supporting the future needs of defence’s highly sophisticated platforms and capabilities will demand new skills, knowledge and qualifications. Working with the relevant educational partners is crucial in ensuring vocational training programs are developed and delivered to meet the emerging needs of the defence industry. An excellent example of this is the new $2.4m South Metropolitan TAFE (South Metro TAFE) Naval Base Campus in Naval Base. Combining heavy fabrication, marine fabrication, welding and composite apprenticeship training from the established Henderson and Rockingham campuses, this modern facility has been designed with future naval shipbuilding and defence work in mind. Naval Base Campus is in close proximity to relevant

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employers, industry and the Australian Marine Complex (AMC) and offers a mix of apprentice training and fee-for-service as well as post-trade training.

DEFENCE INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITIES Nearby AMC is the biggest integrated marine industrial facility in the Southern Hemisphere and demonstrates ongoing excellence in manufacturing, fabrication, assembly, maintenance and technology, servicing the defence, marine, oil and gas and the resource industries. Some of the current major defence partnerships include the ASC Collins Class submarine training services and technical services training for the Royal Australian Navy through a subcontracting arrangement. The implementation of the bulk of Defence investment in Australia over the decade ahead is guided within the Commonwealth Government’s Defence Integrated Investment Program’s Six Capability Streams. These are: (a) Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, Electronic Warfare, Space and Cyber (b) Key Enablers(c) Air and Sea Lift; (d) Maritime and Anti-Submarine Warfare (e) Strike and Air Combat, and (f) Land Combat and Amphibious Warfare. South Metro TAFE has been working in partnership with the defence industry for more than two decades delivering a range of qualifications and courses throughout WA and nationally. The opening of Naval Base Campus has already doubled the training capacity of the established Henderson campus leading to overall growth in apprenticeships and new entrant traineeships in WA. Furthermore, the opening of the Office of Defence Skilling and the Australian Government’s Naval Shipbuilding College (NSC) at Naval Base Campus has enhanced the partnership between the Federal and State Governments, shipbuilding and defence industries. WA industries now have the capacity and expertise to deliver across the six capability streams identified by Defence, as well as access to a highly skilled, competitive, flexible and resilient workforce ready to make a major contribution to support Australia’s national defence.

info@smtafe.wa.edu.au

southmetrotafe.wa.edu.au

WA-Defence-Review-Half-Horiz-P.indd 1

Developing and promoting the capabilities of SMEs across Western Australia servicing defence, shipbuilding and related industries. hendersonalliance.org.au

27/06/2019 1:56 PM

COMMENTARY

By Darshi Ganeson-Oats,

Executive Director Strategic Partnerships, South Metropolitan TAFE

SOUTH METRO TAFE: WA’S LARGEST PROVIDER OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY SKILLING AND TRAINING PROGRAMS South Metropolitan TAFE (South Metro TAFE) is one of Western Australia’s largest training providers, with campuses across the southern suburbs of the Perth metropolitan area. South Metro TAFE delivers training to thousands of local and international students each year, and workforce development services to businesses across the State. South Metro TAFE has been working in partnership with the defence industry for more than two decades, delivering a range of qualifications and courses throughout WA and nationally to many specialised areas of the defence industry.

DEFENCE INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT Major partnerships with defence industry include ASC Pty Ltd for Collins Class Submarine training services and Scientific Management Associates (Operations) Pty Ltd for trade and post trades training to Navy personnel. South Metro TAFE is also the supplier of skilled personnel and apprentices for several shipbuilders in the Henderson precinct, and a provider of defence industry pathway programs in schools in related areas such as shipbuilding, defence trades, engineering, logistics and warehousing and maritime studies. South Metro TAFE opened its Naval Base campus in May 2019 providing students and apprentices with hands-on experience in a real-life industry setting.

Naval Base campus is located in close proximity to Henderson, the Australian Marine Complex and the industrial precinct, which provides South Metro TAFE with close access to relevant employers, industry and the ability to respond to client needs. Qualifications required by the shipbuilding industry such as welding and fabrication, are delivered from Naval Base complementing the engineering qualifications currently delivered from Munster campus. The Naval Base campus workshop area has been specifically designed with training in mind and houses the delivery for heavy fabrication, marine fabrication, welding and composite apprenticeship training. It has surface protection which reflects maximum light for student and trainer safety, full height segregation to allow improved safety for hot works, and improved vehicle access to improve safety when moving equipment or receiving deliveries. The workshop area is newly equipped with state-of-the-art fabrication and welding equipment to cater for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, enhancing overall delivery and learning outcomes. There are 45 welding bays, designed for multi-use, allowing aluminium, TIG, MIG and Oxy welding process types to be conducted.

The layout enables students to select the correct welding process for the job, encouraging analysis and innovation. It also allows trainers to provide a better level of supervision to mixed groups as students can be restricted to a specific area irrespective of where they are up to in their study.

Building skills in thermal cutting.

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COMMENTARY

Housed within Naval Base campus is the Naval Shipbuilding College (NSC). The collocation of the NSC is seen as being mutually beneficial for both South Metro TAFE and the NSC, enhancing the partnership to meet the needs of the shipbuilding and defence industries.

The workshop can be modified to accommodate a climate-controlled facility for working with composite materials. Many composite materials will not harden without the correct climatic conditions, making training in those techniques particularly difficult. This improved facility allows students to complete training in line with current industrial requirements of higher-end composite construction.

Inter-run cleaning of deposited weld metal.

NEW INITIATIVES

CYBER SECURITY SPECIALIST FACILITY

The Western Australian Defence Industry Workforce Office was established in May 2019 as part of the Advancing Education, Training and Skilling strategy of the WA Defence and Defence Industries Strategic Plan. Also located at Naval Base campus this office will lead the development of the WA Defence Workforce Development Plan, working collaboratively with other TAFE colleges and education and training providers, with input from the WA defence industry. The plan will focus on priority projects across all six capability domains in the Commonwealth Government’s Defence Integrated Investment Program. It will also develop a State-based skills profile for naval shipbuilding to enable an increase in capacity and capability that can respond to emerging workforce requirements. South Metro TAFE recently launched its new cyber security specialist facility enabling South Metro TAFE to be the first in the State to deliver a para-professional qualification in cyber security, in response to the nationwide cyber security skills shortage. The centre is available for hire to industry, enabling them to perform their own simulated security scenarios and train staff on potentially hazardous IT scenarios in a secure, controlled space.

“South Metro TAFE recently launched its new cyber security specialist facility enabling South Metro TAFE to be the first in the State to deliver a para-professional qualification in cyber security”.

In addressing the needs of the future workforce, South Metro TAFE is developing new qualifications in automation, and understanding the skills needed in industry 4.0 for the resources sector. A resource industry collaboration led by Rio Tinto, South Metro TAFE and the WA Government, is developing high-tech courses in automation with the aim of supporting industry’s shift towards greater safety and productivity through automation. These nationally recognised qualifications will be the first to provide STEM pathways into emerging jobs in automation, and for students to work in autonomous working environments. While the automation qualifications are primarily developed for the resources sector, they can be applied to a range of industries, including defence.

EDITION 2 • 2019

ADVERTORIAL

FUTURE ENGINEERING Managing Director Alex Ardizzone started the business 27 years ago, manufacturing surgical equipment. Over subsequent years, Future Engineering has grown from strength to strength, updating premises and equipment along the way. Before moving to their current Welshpool premises in 2017, they expanded modestly by gradually acquiring neighbouring units to their small workshop. When the current large workshop became available, Alex appreciated the opportunity to design the layout of the workshop from scratch, noting what a huge difference this made to efficiency, quality and speed of turnover.

In the defence supply chain, Future Engineering is currently working with Primes to provide components for submarines, and are working closely on quotations and trial items for the LAND 400 program. Their consultant Victor Abramowicz is dedicated to developing defence contracts and travels overseas to collaborate with Defence Primes.

There are currently over a dozen high-precision fabrication machines in the workshop, including fiveaxis capabilities. These are operated by highly-skilled first-class machinists and programmers who work in two shifts for up to 21 hours a day. Future Engineering pride themselves on trust and reliability, ensuring their customers can rely on having their job done on time.

Business Development Manager Jo Ardizzone has worked hard to increase brand recognition, attending trade shows and events. Future Engineering have now built a trusted brand and reputation for excellence to the point that they have a loyal customer base who return for repeat business, as well as servicing the requirements of a growing number of new customers.

By Valerie Latimour,

Defence Writer,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

EDITION 2 • 2019

Today, clients include companies in the mining and oil and gas sectors, as well as rail and marine. For the past seven years Future Engineering have been working towards positioning themselves in the defence supply chain, finding their niche as a sub-contractor supplying components to Defence Primes, including providing components for submarines. Business growth is something that Ms Ardizzone, Mr Ardizzone, Ms Alina Dude and the team plan carefully, strategising to grow at a pace of their choosing. In particular, they are working to ensure their company is primed and ready to work with defence companies. They are investing in people and equipment, training apprentices and constantly

Future Engineering is a friendly, family-oriented business, with a strong focus on quality and health and safety. As contract manufacturers, they provide specialist precision machining and fabrication services for many industries.

upskilling, growing their knowledge and experience so they can achieve the highest quality results required for defence work. In the defence supply chain, Future Engineering is currently working with Primes to provide components for submarines, and are working closely on quotations and trial items for the LAND 400 program. Their consultant Victor Abramowicz is dedicated to developing defence contracts and travels overseas to collaborate with Defence Primes. Future Engineering employs 22 staff, who are all treated as family. General Manager Alina Dude explains it’s also multicultural company, with staff from a number of different countries. The ethos of a family-based business is expressed in the importance of respect, trust and working together. As a means of supporting future growth in the industry, Future Engineering works with South Metropolitan TAFE to train apprentices, educating young machinists in the ethos of quality work, respect and the company’s values. They currently have five apprentices working with them. In order to stay competitive in the engineering market, it is imperative to maintain knowledge of developments in technology and techniques. Mr Ardizzone accomplishes this by travelling to conventions, trade shows and expos to keep on top of the latest developments. He has developed an eye for innovations that will directly benefit the business. He has, in the past, purchased machines that he had no current work for, knowing that they would enhance the business. “They haven’t stopped working since they hit the workshop floor,” he says. Future Engineering are enjoying their current growth phase and look forward to continuing development. They will continue to provide highquality parts and excellent customer service. With defence industry experiencing a growth phase, Future Engineering’s business model seems well equipped to capitalise on the new era of opportunities presented.

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EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEW

THE MODERNISATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY The Royal Australian Navy is presently undergoing a major modernisation and transformation of its infrastructure and capabilities. One of the key figures overseeing this monumental program is RADM Wendy Malcolm, Head of Maritime Systems, Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group (CASG), who spoke exclusively with WA DEFENCE REVIEW. The matters addressed include progress updates on Navy’s sustainment and acquisition programs, infrastructure development, workforce skilling and training and collaboration with Australian industry. Could you please tell us about your role, and your key responsibilities and objectives, as the Head of Maritime Systems for CASG?

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

As the Head of Maritime Systems at the CASG, my role is to ensure the efficient and effective sustainment of our naval surface fleet. This extends across the entire fleet, from the smallest landing craft through to the largest, most advanced and capable warships such as the Hobart class destroyers and the Canberra class Landing Helicopter Docks. Importantly, this extends to how we support Navy to generate Task Groups operating together. The recent Indo-Pacific Endeavour deployment, Exercise Talisman Sabre, and enduring patrol boat operations are the result of our sustainment efforts. The role of my division is to also manage the entire supply chain. I have a large team of highly-skilled professionals in Sydney, Canberra, Darwin, Cairns, Rockingham and Henderson, that includes engineers, logisticians, project managers and other support staff. Together with our industry partners we undertake a wide range of sustainment activities including basic mechanical maintenance through to major in-service upgrades. Right now we are delivering a large mid-life upgrade program for the Anzac class frigates. This program involves a complete replacement of the communications equipment and main air search radar of each ship along with multiple quality of life improvements for the crew. We are also

EDITION 2 • 2019

planning the future support arrangements to sustain continuous acquisition and working to prepare for the decommissioning and disposal of ageing platforms.

Can you provide us with an update on the Navy’s current sustainment programs and explain the arrangements in place for the integration of new acquisitions? My priority is to work with my counterparts to ensure we properly plan and transition for our current to our new fleets. This includes putting in place a successful sustainment arrangement which I am responsible for. I would like to highlight we have several large sustainment programs underway, including the Anzac class upgrade program. Running out until 2022, this multi-million dollar mid-life update program for all eight ships of the class will ensure they remain the most effective surface platform of their type. As the Warship Asset Management Agreement alliance team, together with our project and industry partners effectively get on with the job in Western Australia, it is important to appreciate the complexity and value of this major sustainment program. In July, we commenced the full operation of a new long-term alliance arrangement for the ongoing sustainment of the two Canberra class landing helicopter dock amphibious ships, together with the 12 dedicated landing craft and associated through life and training facilities. This is a major milestone.

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EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEW

HMAS Arunta in Cockburn Sound during a VIP sea day to share in the ‘First of Class’ AMCAP achievement at Fleet Base West, Western Australia.

Defence is currently working through the disposal process for several fleet units. Two Adelaide class frigates have been decommissioned during the last 12 months, with one more set to join them in the near future. Ex-HMAS Darwin is currently being dismantled in Sydney, whilst the disposal strategy for ex-HMAS Newcastle is undergoing consideration. With HMAS Melbourne scheduled to decommission in coming months, we are investigating all disposal options for Melbourne and Newcastle including the potential for a sale of the vessels to a foreign navy. The Armidale class patrol boats continue their high-tempo of operation and I am encouraged by the progress we have made in keeping these critical front line fleet units operating safely and successfully. We have learnt many lessons from the transition of the Canberra class landing helicopter dock amphibious ships and the Hobart class destroyers. I am committed to ensuring we apply these lessons to the planning for the transition of the upcoming Hunter class frigates, Supply class replenishment ships, and the Arafura class Offshore Patrol Vessels. We must ensure we seize every opportunity to improve how we conduct our business.

EDITION 2 • 2019

As infrastructure is equally important, how is Defence seeking to enhance naval/ maritime infrastructure across Australia to accommodate the Navy’s current and future fleet? Investment in infrastructure across the country is a key priority of Government with large investments planned each year in ports, bases and other supporting infrastructure. Lately, the focus has been on Henderson in Western Australia and Osborne in South Australia, but we are also looking further afield to develop our sustainment capabilities where the ships are based. We are going to need regional ports like Cairns and Darwin more and more and we must ensure that the opportunities for industry are clearly articulated so we can move their capability to the next level. This is not about corporate welfare, rather it is about supporting industry – particularly small businesses – to develop the skills and technologies we need now and in the future to ensure we make the best use of investment in infrastructure. Facilities and infrastructure are essential but they need a strong, healthy

We have learnt many lessons from the transition of the Canberra class landing helicopter dock amphibious ships and the Hobart class destroyers. I am committed to ensuring we apply these lessons to the planning for the transition of the upcoming Hunter class frigates, Supply class replenishment ships, and the Arafura class Offshore Patrol Vessels. industrial base in order to be used to their full potential. The small businesses we will need tomorrow are there already, but we must incentivise their growth and development through sustainable

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Australian Marine Complex, 13 Possner Way, Henderson, WA 6166 Email: reception@franmarine.com.au Tel: +61 89437 3900

EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEW

and transparent forward planning. The WA Government’s commitment to the Henderson Common User Facility is a great example of the States and Territories supporting maritime infrastructure development. There is also strong industry support for further redevelopment of the Cairns port to better accommodate larger vessels. A thriving civilian maritime support sector can only benefit the industry as a whole including Defence, so we must think about how we can support small businesses to take on work in both the civil and military sectors.

Acquiring personnel with the right skill sets remains a national challenge, not just in maritime sustainment but in all engineering-based industries. For us it is not just the national skills shortage, but the need for people with specialised engineering disciplines including mechanical, electrical, and naval architecture. These skill sets are highly complex, and developing a pool of talent to draw from takes time. I am

How is Defence maintaining balance between the sustainment of the present fleet and the new fleet? For instance, what are the different skill sets required between the current fleet and the modernised future fleet, and, how will the Navy seek to acquire the new skill sets?

I think it’s important to recognise that the fleet is always in some form of transition, be that a mid-life upgrade, a disposal, or the entry into service of a new capability. Adaptability is a key component of Navy’s and Defence’s organisational strength, so it is less of a balance between the old and the new and more a constant drive to upskill and improve. Despite some of our major fleet units passing their 20th year in service, through regular modernisation and upgrade programs, they are just as modern, capable and well-equipped as our newer vessels.

RADM Wendy Malcolm onboard HMAS Choules with DEPSEC CASG Mr Tony Fraser.

EDITION 2 • 2019

working closely with my counterparts in the National Naval Shipbuilding Office to ensure that not only are these undergraduate and postgraduate level courses available to both the military and members of the public, but that we build strong relationships with the institutions delivering them.

The WA Government’s commitment to the Henderson Common User Facility is a great example of the States and Territories supporting maritime infrastructure development.

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www.pozztech.com.au

INTERVIEW

EXCLUSIVE

(L-R) Prime Minister of Australia the Hon. Scott Morrison, MP, and Minister for Defence Industry, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds, CSC, meet with Head of Maritime Systems Division RADM Wendy Malcolm, during a visit to BAE Henderson Shipyards on 7 March 2019.

It is important that current and prospective students understand the career opportunities available to them in Defence and defence industry. The government’s commitment to continuous naval shipbuilding reinforces the message that these career opportunities will be available for the long term. We also need to consider how we can build future growth areas such as systems integration and data analytics to deliver the innovation that we will need to deliver continuous sustainment.

Given the focus on continuous shipbuilding, Defence has emphasised the necessity for a whole-of-life view on how we build and sustain Australian warships. What are the likely implications for defence industry engagement? By clearly forecasting our future demand we allow industry to plan with certainty for future expansion

EDITION 2 • 2019

opportunities – if companies know the work is coming then they can confidently position themselves to meet our future requirements. We know that over the next 10 years we will either upgrade or replace all of our current major fleet units. The Hobart class destroyers are being introduced into service now and our new Supply class replenishment ships will enter service next year. The Arafura class Offshore Patrol Vessels will begin replacing the Armidale class patrol boats from 2021, and the Hunter class frigates will commence service in the late 2020s replacing the Anzac class, which are currently undergoing a mid-life refresh. To sustain this unprecedented investment we must invest in this workforce through professionalisation and upskilling as the ultimate goal of maritime sustainment is to ensure the seaworthiness of all naval vessels. The lives of men and women who serve on those vessels are dependent on them being technically sound and secure, even in the most extreme of

circumstances, and this will not happen without a properly skilled and trained workforce. This workforce investment when combined with infrastructure improvements, demonstrates Defence’s strong commitment to building a genuine sovereign capability – not only in shipbuilding but also in sustainment – and we need Australian industry to join us on this journey.

You have previously spoken about the necessity of having an ongoing conversation with Defence industry to fulfil Navy’s existing and future capability requirements. From the perspective of your role, how must this materialise to align with CASG’s objectives of enhancing Australian Industry Capability? Close and meaningful engagement with industry is essential to the success

EXCLUSIVE

INTERVIEW

of naval sustainment. I hold regular two-way dialogues with my peers in the major Prime contractors to ensure that we reduce barriers to cooperation between Defence and the Primes, and Primes and small businesses. Defence has a role to play in fostering an atmosphere of collaboration across all of defence industry. Whilst there will – and should – be competition in industry, it should be healthy competition with robust and mutually beneficial partnerships and alliances formed. Collectively, the Primes have an extraordinary array of capabilities but no single company can do everything on their own or specialise in every area of expertise required in maritime sustainment. Specialist niche capabilities are available from innovative small businesses across the country but many of these companies simply don’t know how to do business with an entity as large and complex as Defence. I say directly to

those companies: if you have a product or service that you think could benefit Defence maritime sustainment then please get in touch with the Centre for Defence Industry Capability (CDIC). The CDIC is there to assist small businesses to enter, expand and thrive in the Defence market. Advisors are available to assist with improving competitiveness, facilitating connections with both Defence and other businesses including the Primes, and accessing global markets including the establishment of export arrangements. They can also link small businesses to grants and other funding opportunities to assist businesses with developing their ideas and capabilities. The agility and innovation found in a strong small business base is critically important to our success in sustaining our surface fleet and supporting Navy’s contribution to the Defence mission of defending Australia and its national interests.

To sustain this unprecedented investment we must invest in this workforce through professionalisation and upskilling as the ultimate goal of maritime sustainment is to ensure the seaworthiness of all naval vessels.

WESTERN AUSTRALIAN SPECIALTY ALLOYS PTY LTD Competitive Discriminators:

CAPABILITIES WASA produces superalloy ingots and billet for forging and ring rolling applications for a range of aerospace, power generation and oil & gas applications. The major alloy purchased by our customers is alloy IN718 produced in either double melt (VIM/VAR) or premium rotating grade triple melt (VIM/ESR/VAR) form. Other alloys produced include Waspaloy, IN625, X750, 13/8, U500, IN725, IN925, R41, IN945, IN945X. WASA also produces VIM superalloy ingots either for use in casting applications or input stock for powder material for aerospace and power generation applications. The remelt ingot is produced in a variety of diameters. The major alloys produced are alloys IN738, IN100, RR1000, M002, GTD111, C1023, IN713, MM247, R77, R88, IN718, PWA1455, PWA475LS WASA’s vacuum induction furnace has a melting capacity of 5 tonnes (11,000 lbs), 10 tonnes (22,000 lbs) or 15 tonnes (33,000 lbs) and can produce input stock for master melts or secondary and tertiary melting. The forge consists of a 2300mT press, a ring mill and blanking press, Manipulators, associated heat treatment facilities and finishing equipment. At WASA, a highly regarded team of professionals which includes chemists, metallurgists, engineers and technicians, applies the highest standard of process control using the very latest in analytical equipment and ensures that the most exacting requirements are achieved.

History of supply Approval from aircraft engine manufactures GE, RR and PW, for ingot melting procedures used for forging and casting alloys. •Approved supplier to Pratt and Whitney since 1995. •Approved supplier to Rolls Royce since 1999. •Approved supplier to GE since 2000. •Approved supplier to Turbomeca since 2005. •Approved supplier to Boeing for 13/8 since 2012. WASA also supplies to IGT customers including Siemens, Alstom, Mitsubishi and GE. Oil & Gas customers include Exxon Mobil, Chevron and BP

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2-4 Hopewell Street CANNING VALE WA 6155 AUSTRALIA

Manufacture nickel, cobalt and iron based superalloys for aerospace, power generation and oil & gas applications. Alloys for forging applications. Alloys for casting and powder atomisation applications.

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Ability to formulate charges of virgin and/or processed revert to specifications for the most stringent requirements. Triple melt capabilities provide “ultra-clean” final material.

WASA is approved to quality standards required by the major aircraft engine manufacturers and their principal casting and forging suppliers.

WASA supplies the master remelt alloy barstock for PWA powder atomisation process used to produce critical components on the F-35. Everyone at WASA is proud to be a part of the F-35 program and is looking forward to the continued development of the advanced manufacturing processes need to support this important strategic project

QUALITY APPROVALS/AWARDS S1000 (GEAE) S400 (GEAE) SABRe 9000 (RR) AS9000 AS9100C ISO9001:2008 AS7101 (Nadcap) PWA LCS

INTERVIEW

THE SILENT SERVICE: AUSTRALIA’S 21ST CENTURY SUBMARINE FORCE By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

In the process of undertaking a historic modernisation program of its coveted submarine force, the Royal Australian Navy is set to significantly expand its capabilities to safeguard and project Australian interests across the Indo-Pacific region. Speaking exclusively to WA DEFENCE REVIEW, Commodore Timothy Brown, Director General Submarines articulated steps being taken by Navy to develop a world-class submarine capability. Can you outline the Navy’s maritime strategy in the Indian Ocean and the Indo-Pacific regions? The Navy’s two-ocean basing strategy has, for a long time, sought to serve the nation in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, enabling the ADF to project naval power across the region to safeguard Australia’s interests and allowing us to play a constructive leadership role in our region’s maritime security. Our submarines have been home-ported in Western Australia for over 20 years and have deployed throughout the region in that time. But we are not just focused on the Indian Ocean. We operate across the full scope of the Indo-Pacific region and have achieved a regular submarine presence in the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asian region and the Pacific Ocean conducting visits to India, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Noumea, Japan, South Korea, Guam and Hawaii to name but a few. Our strategy is to reliably employ the submarines where they can most effectively meet our national requirements.

Why has the Navy sought to expand its fleet from six to 12 new submarines, and what are the planned dates for their introduction into service? As laid out in the 2016 Defence White Paper, the Government has determined that regionally superior submarines with a high degree of interoperability with the United States are required to provide an effective deterrent, including making a meaningful contribution to anti-submarine operations in our region. Submarines are Australia’s primary offensive maritime force. With their stealth, range, endurance and powerful weapons, submarines are designed to operate and strike without warning. They can reach into a potential adversary’s waters and threaten or

EDITION 2 • 2019

strike targets should they attempt to put to sea. As strategic assets, they deter aggression and deny an adversary’s unhindered use of the sea by holding their forces at great risk far from Australia. They create uncertainty and require a disproportionate effort to counter. In the Australian Navy’s case, submarines are the vanguard of strategic lethality - a larger, stronger force of 12 submarines, with the capacity to continuously build and evolve under the new industrial paradigm of continuous shipbuilding, strengthens our hand. The Attack class submarines will be progressively introduced into service from the 2030s, with the first of the Attack class (HMAS Attack) scheduled to enter service as it is delivered to Navy to commence Operational Test and Evaluation. This is the point after which all contractor sea trials have been

The Attack class submarines will be progressively introduced into service from the 2030s, with the first of the Attack class (HMAS Attack) scheduled to enter service as it is delivered to Navy to commence Operational Test and Evaluation. This is the point after which all contractor sea trials have been completed and the submarine has been formally accepted from Naval Group and Lockheed Martin Australia.

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INTERVIEW

In the last five years, our submarine workforce has

grown by over 45%

and continues to grow strongly

completed and the submarine has been formally accepted from Naval Group and Lockheed Martin Australia. During Operational Test and Evaluation, the submarine will be progressively released for operations. Operational Test and Evaluation (for the first Attack class) is planned to be fully complete by 2034.

How does the Navy intend to phase out its fleet of Collins class submarines? The Collins class fleet is the backbone of our submarine capability and will remain so for many more years. We are consistently achieving above-benchmark availability and the force goes from strength to strength. There will be a long overlap between the Collins and the Attack submarines to avoid a capability gap and extend the life of the class. This will position us well for a successful transition and enable Australia to build strategic depth into its submarine capability. So, rather than viewing this as a phasing out of the Collins submarines, our focus is on the sustainment and upgrade of Collins to assure their high levels of availability and performance well into the future. The Collins class submarines are a formidable capability and we plan to keep them that way for many years to come.

100

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There will be a long overlap between the Collins and the Attack submarines to avoid a capability gap and extend the life of the class. This will position us well for a successful transition and enable Australia to build strategic depth into its submarine capability. How confident is the Navy in crewing the 12 future submarines? I am very confident that we can crew a force of 12 submarines. A submarine career is unique, and we look for those men and women who enjoy a professional challenge and want to take that extra step in their life. But a submarine career isn’t for everyone. We look to those Australians who exhibit

strong professionalism and commitment and want to genuinely participate in the significant undertaking of defending our great nation. Submariners are remarkable individuals. Importantly, they are incredible team players. The camaraderie of a submarine crew is unsurpassed. We want Australians who thrive in closeknit teams; who possess an inherent flair for adventure and have the capacity for courage and daring; and who are profoundly loyal to the high calling of which the submarine profession is part. Importantly, there are many, many Australians who fit these criteria and our job is to find them, tell them what we do, and ask them to join us. Everyone is valued in submarines and over the coming years our aim is to make the submarine profession viewed as the premier career in Australia. And the word has been getting out. There is a real energy amongst submariners now and the future is looking very bright for anyone keen on joining submarines. Submarines are at sea in numbers. They are deploying across the region, and esprit de corps and pride in our profession has been growing now that we’ve recovered from the poor availability of a few years back. In the last five years, our submarine workforce

INTERVIEW

The aft casing party of HMAS Waller overlook the City of Sydney en route to Fleet Base East.

has grown by over 45% and continues to grow strongly. This demonstrates that Australians do want to serve in submarines, and why not—it’s a fantastic career and will only get better in the years ahead. Whoever takes the first Attack class submarine to sea in a little over a decade from now will be in for a real adventure.

submarine force and these options will be presented to Government in due course. The transition planning of the force is a complex matter and one that will be developed over the coming years. During this time, elements such as maintenance facilities, training facilities, explosive ordnance storage, wharfs and infrastructure will be considered.

Where will they be homeported and what level of infrastructure, support and maintenance will be required for their operation and sustainment?

What do the submarines mean for the Navy in Western Australia? Will the training and sustainment of both Collins and Attack class platforms remain based in WA? And will the major maintenance for Collins transfer from Osborne to Henderson?

A number of studies and modelling activities have been undertaken to better inform Government of home porting options for the increased

Australia’s six Collins class submarines have been home-ported in Western Australia since the mid1990s. During this time, the force has enjoyed strong support from the WA community and will hopefully continue to do so for many years to come. Our submariners and their partners, along with the rest of WA-based Navy, are very much active members of the Western Australian community. As well as being home to the submarine force, Fleet Base West at HMAS Stirling is home to the Submarine Systems

The Government has not made a decision to move Collins class full cycle dockings to Henderson (Western Australia) from Osborne North (South Australia). We are exploring options to ensure we efficiently deliver the Attack class submarine while we continue the sustainment of the Collins class. 102

EDITION 2 • 2019

Training Centre, Submarine Squadron Headquarters and Submarine Escape and Rescue system. This is really a high-tech industry. The submarine school, for example, employs a number of training capabilities such as the submarine Virtual Walkthrough, platform motion simulators, warfare simulators and individual equipment demonstrators. In addition, there are other Navy support agencies and Defence Science and Technology capabilities that go to directly support the submarines. Of course, the submarines spend much of their time at sea and are regular visitors to the regional towns along the Western Australian coastline. Also, it is worth reminding people that WA has a very long history in relation to submarines—Fremantle was a major submarine operating base for allied forces in World War II, Exmouth and Albany were used for torpedo testing, and Exmouth supports much of the communications for submarines at sea. So it goes without saying that WA and submarines are historically and inextricably linked. In a contemporary setting, WA will always have a large part to play in the training and sustainment of submarines and we look to the WA defence industries to play their part in supporting the force. Henderson is already conducting major maintenance for Collins—up to and including Mid Cycle Dockings, which take a full year. The ASC facilities at Henderson are exceptional and we rely on those facilities, ASC staff and

INTERVIEW

many other contractors to maintain the submarines to the highest standards. The Government has not made a decision to move Collins class full cycle dockings to Henderson (Western Australia) from Osborne North (South Australia). We are exploring options to ensure we efficiently deliver the Attack class submarine while we continue the sustainment of the Collins class.

With the introduction of the Attack class submarines, does the Navy anticipate having longrange missile strike capabilities fitted to these platforms?

The core roles of Australian submarines are: antisubmarine warfare; anti-surface warfare; intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; and support for Special Forces. There are projects that are looking at Navy’s future submarine weapons capability. Like Collins today, it can be anticipated that the Attack class submarines will carry an Anti-Ship Cruise Missile capability.

Use of unmanned and autonomous systems are increasingly vital to a modern navy. What future do they have in the Navy, especially with the submarine fleet?

These new technologies need to be delivered to improve undersea battlespace awareness, counter new threats, deliver new weapons effects that preserve our undersea access and enable Australia’s submarines to operate as required. Unmanned systems will almost certainly be used to improve our understanding of the environment, support the conduct of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and potentially deployment of ordnance—all aimed at bolstering the lethality of our submarines.

Leading Seaman Acoustic Warfare Analyst Submarines Christopher Tormay throws the first lines across to the wharf as Australian Submarine HMAS Collins returns to Fleet Base West on HMAS Stirling, after several years away conducting her full cycle docking and East coast tasking.

As the Commonwealth Government is focussed on delivering a continuous shipbuilding program, does the Navy have plans to replace the Attack class submarine? The 2016 Defence White Paper announced a rolling acquisition program for submarines, which will ensure Australia retains the capability to build, operate and sustain submarines beyond delivery of the Attack class fleet. Naturally, planning for the submarines to follow the Attack class will be informed by developments in technology in the future and other considerations. For now, we remain focused on the design and build of the first submarines of the Attack class, including the steps we are taking to establish a larger workforce,

an efficient and effective Submarine Construction Yard, and a capable supply chain with high levels of Australian industry involvement – all of which are the foundations of a rolling acquisition program over the longer term.

During the design of the Attack class submarine, we will continue to make informed decisions on technology and the risks that these technologies will drive as the program moves forward. We have the opportunity over this acquisition program for 12 submarines to introduce new technologies to the Attack class fleet as they become sufficiently mature. This includes full consideration of the role unmanned naval technology will play in the future, and is informed by our own research and ongoing engagement with our closest allies.

Collins Class submarines HMAS Collins, HMAS Farncomb, HMAS Dechaineux and HMAS Sheean in formation while transiting through Cockburn Sound, Western Australia.

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INTERVIEW

AGILE AND AUDACIOUS: AUSTRALIA’S INNOVATIVE ARMY As the most technologically modern land force in the Indo-Pacific region, the Australian Army is initiating an ongoing process of modernisation and innovation to retain its warfighting edge. MAJGEN Kath Toohey, Head Land Capability at the Australian Army spoke exclusively to WA DEFENCE REVIEW on the Army’s current feature projects and initiatives.

For some time now, the Army has been committed towards the Army in Motion. What does this mean in terms of doctrine and operations, and what practical implications does it have for defence industry? As war changes with the introduction of new technologies that are more accessible to state and non-state actors, the Army must be comfortable with ambiguity and change. The Chief of Army’s Strategic Guidance Army in Motion supports Army in achieving this, by outlining how our Army generates capability that is both ‘ready now’ for today’s operations, and ‘future ready’ for challenges and opportunities tomorrow. It is based on five ‘p’ priorities: people, preparedness, potential, profession and partnerships. Army will need to consider how it recruits, trains and retains its people. We must tap into their potential and better prepare them to meet the challenges and opportunities described in Army in Motion and Army’s futures statement, Accelerated Warfare. It also means Army will need to consider how it will adapt to take advantage of, and address the threat of, new technologies. For example, the introduction of robotics, autonomous systems AI will change the way we fight, and how we work. Operationally, Army must fight as part of the joint force. Only as a team can we defeat and deter adversaries. To achieve this and evolve, Army will continue to enhance partnerships across the joint force, Defence, Whole-of-Government, coalition and regional partners, academia and industry. Army’s relationships with defence industry and the opportunities those relationships provide for new ideas and technologies is important. We need

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industry’s support to ensure we can adapt quickly to changing environments. This includes looking at ways we can scale our forces, improve our acquisition and sustainment of new and current equipment, and develop new ideas and technologies. Army will also seek greater cooperation with industry in areas such as training, facilities, and to assist in the formulation of capability requirements. An example of this is the creation of a combat application laboratory within Army that will provide a forum for improved collaboration. It will complement other forums that bring Defence stakeholders and industry together such as: Army Innovation Day, the Land Environment Working Group and the Land Forces exposition. Army will also support Australian defence Industry, where appropriate, in expanding its capacity through the pursuit of defence export opportunities. Army is working with the Defence Industry Branch on

We need industry’s support to ensure we can adapt quickly to changing environments. This includes looking at ways we can scale our forces, improve our acquisition and sustainment of new and current equipment, and develop new ideas and technologies.

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Simon Louie, Defence Writer,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

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INTERVIEW

Can you provide us with an update on the Army’s modernisation budget allocation and the status of Army’s key ongoing modernisation programs? Why are these programs significant and how will they impact on the capabilities of the Army and Joint Force integration to enable the ADF to be more effective? The Integrated Investment Program (IIP) sets out an ambitious plan to maintain our capability edge and prepare for a range of missions including complex warfighting in an environment characterised by technological change. Army modernisation is a key component of the IIP, with Defence receiving Commonwealth Government approval for more than 40 Army-related capability proposals since its launch in 2016. These capability proposals provide Defence with more than $18.5bn investment in Army. The Chief of Army has identified four modernisation priorities to guide Army’s modernisation efforts. These priorities are: ‘Networked’, ‘Protected Manoeuvre’, ‘Joint Fires’ and the ‘Enabled Soldier’. Work towards these priorities is managed by four capability programs, each managing a portfolio of projects delivering capability against the Chief’s priorities. The Land Command, Control and Communications (LC3) Program is managing the upgrade of our networked battlefield command systems in response to the Networked priority. The LC3 Program is working towards ensuring our future capabilities are integrated to provide networked combat effects and are interoperable with the Joint Force. Central to the LC3 Program is the LAND 200 project. This project is delivering the Battlefield Command System (BCS), which comprises tactical digital radios and an integrated Battle Management System. LAND 200 is transforming the command and control of Army’s forces from a paper-based system into a modern digital system, and will create hundreds of jobs in

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implementation plans for Sovereign Industrial Capability priorities – this includes munitions and small arms. Army will continue to optimise Australian industry content and seek to improve resilience in the capability supply chain.

Australian Army Head of Land Capability, Major General Kathryn Toohey, AM, CSC (right), talks with a defence industry representative during Army Innovation Day 2018 at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra.

the Australian defence industry in the process. The Enabled Soldier priority is being pursued by the Soldier Combat System Program. Over the past decade, the lessons learnt from combat operations have been combined with emerging technology to ensure our soldiers retain a competitive advantage. The program ensures the capability of soldiers’ weapons, body armour and night vision equipment are constantly improving to keep pace with potential threats. In addition, the program ensures that the Australian soldier is able to leverage a wide range of sensors and networks to remain situationally aware on the battlefield. The Weapons Integrated Battlefield Management System is an example of a capability that is being delivered through LAND 200 that contributes to both the Networked and Enabled Soldier priorities. This innovation will give soldiers the ability to share data about a target they have observed through their weapon sights with other weapon systems, significantly increasing the amount of firepower that can be brought to bear on a target. The Armoured Fighting Vehicle Program is working towards the Chief of Army’s Protected Manoeuvre priority. Over the next 10years, this program will upgrade or replace every armoured vehicle in Army’s inventory. As part of this process, all vehicles will be established as nodes on the digital BCS, further establishing the networked capability of the Land Force. In early 2018, the Commonwealth Government announced the LAND

400 Phase 2, Defence signed contracts with Rheinmetall Defence Australia to deliver and support 211 Boxer Combat Reconnaissance Vehicles (CRV) for the Australian Army. When fully introduced into service this fleet of 211 new Combat Reconnaissance Vehicles will provide improved protection to Australian soldiers and boost mobility and firepower on the battlefield in the decades ahead. Defence is well underway with the tender process for a new Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) under LAND 400 Phase 3. The IFV has high levels of protection, firepower, and mobility and also the ability to carry infantry soldiers into battle. Once delivered, these vehicles – fighting together alongside the tank and combat engineering vehicles – will realise the end state of the Protected Manoeuvre concept and will integrate with the LAND 200 capabilities to increase lethality and protection and form the nucleus of the networked Land combat force. Finally, the Combat Support Program will deliver effects from the land domain into the air and maritime domains to enhance the lethality of Army’s contribution to Joint Fires concept. The recently approved Integrated Air and Missile Defence system (LAND 19 Phase 7B), together with a new long-range fires system (LAND 8113 Phase 1), will ensure that the Army can create dilemmas for adversaries across the various domains. These are unprecedented capabilities for the Australian Army that strengthen the Joint Force. Possession of potent air defence and long range strike capabilities will enable the Land Force to make a meaningful contribution across domains

INTERVIEW

and allow Air Force and Navy assets to be focused onto high pay-off missions that better suit their unique capabilities.

Can you describe the rapport Army has with Australian defence industry? What is the Army doing to improve industry engagement and what advice can you provide for industry to more effectively integrate with Army objectives? There are more and more opportunities for Army and defence industry to work together. The biggest opportunity for us to engage directly with Australian industry is through the annual Land Environment Working Group (LEWG). The LEWG emphasises the integral role industry plays in the capability development process, and ensures that industry aspects are considered early, appropriately and consistently. It allows industry to maximise their understanding of major new Army concepts and equipment.

Army is also creating opportunities with industry to explore new, novel and innovative technologies and ideas, through events such as Army Innovation Day and submissions through the Defence Innovation Hub. As we strive towards ongoing improvement of our industry engagement, Army is looking towards aligned external initiatives. For example, Regional Development Australia (RDA), the national network of committees for regional economic growth, provides an excellent avenue for connecting industry with Defence through all levels of Government. RDAPerth has released a comprehensive report, Security and Defence in Western Australia, including recommendations towards economic growth and opportunities for industry in the defence

Compared to the scale of the Navy and Air Force presence in the state, Army’s footprint in WA is focussed around various niche capabilities.

The Land Forces exposition is a biennial event and a powerful forum for key Defence and industry leaders to network with manufacturers, integrators, logistics and maintenance experts. The growing rapport between Army and industry leaders was evident in the record breaking 15,000 attendees at Land Forces 2018. The next Army-centred conference and exposition, Land Forces 2020, will

be held at the Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre in September 2020 and our industry partners are invited to register their interest.

The Brokk 120D (left) and Praesidium Global’s Mission Adaptable Platform System (right) two of the Unmanned Ground Vehicles on display at Autonomous Warrior 2018 at HMAS Creswell, Australian Capital Territory.

sector. Army is collaborating with RDAHume in Victoria, in support of a similar project they are undertaking. Industry is a key enabler to realising the Chief of Army’s modernisation priorities. Industry is a major source of new ideas and technology which provides the Army with the best equipment, systems, training, facilities and sustainment. Therefore, as we strive to optimise Australian industry content in our Land Force, we need to ensure industry is well informed of our aims and can invest with confidence.

Western Australia has a substantial and capable defence sector with just a small number of companies servicing the Army’s requirements. However, for a variety of historical and contemporary reasons there is a growing awareness that WA industry is markedly underrepresented and therefore untapped in the defence industry supply chain in relation to Army contracts. What more can be done to improve this outreach and engagement between Army and WA’s industry to derive mutually favourable outcomes? Compared to the scale of the Navy and Air Force presence in the state, Army’s footprint in WA is focussed around various niche capabilities. This has been beneficial in generating an organic Statebased industry base and creating potential beyond the sea and air domains. The multi-billion dollar LAND 400 program, which consists of Army’s Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle and Infantry Fighting Vehicle projects, is a good example of where Defence and Army have been working closely with industry to optimise involvement of Australian industry in the region. The Australian Industry Content level for LAND 400 Phase 2 is over 65%, representing $10.2bn and a 30 year investment in Australian industry over the life of the project. LAND 400 Phase 2 is expected to create approximately 1450 jobs across Australia during the construction of the vehicles. In WA, LAND 400 Phase 2 is expected to generate a $50m investment and create approximately 330 jobs, including

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INTERVIEW

Army’s futures statement, Accelerated Warfare, recognises that we live in an era of increasing competition where the rulesbased international order is under pressure. This will present a range of challenges including a state of simultaneous cooperation, competition and conflict, technology change and domain integration.

Australian industry will also play a vital role in delivering and sustaining LAND 400 Phase 3, which includes the acquisition of up to 450 IFVs and a Manoeuvre Support Vehicle capability comprising 17 vehicles. Similar to the approach taken with LAND 400 Phase 2, shortlisted tenderers will be required to participate in a national Australian Industry Capability roadshow as part of the risk mitigation activity, which will commence once shortlisting is complete. This will provide opportunities for Australian industry participation in the tenderers’ acquisition and support supply chains, and identify opportunities to enhance understanding and build organisational capability through placements within the tenderers’ organisations. The LAND 400 Phase 3 Request for Tender was released to industry on 24 August 2018 and closed on 1 March 2019. LAND 400 Phase 3 is currently under tender evaluation, with a shortlisting announcement expected in third quarter of 2019. Outside of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle Program, a number of Western Australian SMEs are providing input into Army capabilities, including VEEM Engineering who support Army’s Supa Cat fleets and AVI Pty Ltd, who supply and support elements of Defence’s Image Capture and Transfer System. To enhance future engagement between Defence and Western Australia’s industry, pathways such as industry roadshows, forums and the Defence Innovation Hub will remain key avenues with Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group as the primary conduit to ensuring Defence’s consistent engagement with Australian industry.

As the global security environment enters a period of marked uncertainty, what can we expect to see with the Army’s modernisation priorities in the years ahead? What will this mean for defence industry? © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence

Army’s futures statement, Accelerated Warfare, recognises that we live in an era of increasing competition where the rules-based international order is under pressure. This will present a range of challenges including a state of simultaneous cooperation, competition and conflict, technology change and domain integration.

Australian Army rifleman of 8/9 Battalion, the Royal Australian Regiment, Corporal Glen Collins, during a demonstration of KORD Defence’s innovative wireless systems control technology.

Rheinmetall signing a teaming arrangement with Hofmann Engineering as part of their teaming arrangements across Australia. A key contributor to achieving the high level of Australian industry content in LAND 400 Phase 2 was the conduct of nation-wide Australian Industry Capability roadshows during the evaluation process. The roadshows, conducted in late 2016, gave 337 companies from around Australia, including WA, the opportunity to showcase their capabilities to shortlisted tenderers, and identify where these companies may be able to contribute to acquisition and support supply chains.

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The Chief of Army’s modernisation priorities outlined above: Networked, Protected Manoeuvre, Joint Fires and the Enabled Soldier, reflect the requirement to take advantage of new technologies to ensure we maintain a competitive advantage over our adversaries. Advances in technologies machinelearning, unmanned, optionally crewed and autonomous capabilities with precision weaponry will all contribute to Army’s modernisation priorities and inform future capability decisions, both in terms of the threat and opportunity.

Army in Motion ensures Army remains agile in response to these changes and generates capability that is both ‘ready now’ and ‘future ready’. This requires Army to be willing to ‘fail early and fail cheaply’ and accept some prudent risk in the pursuit of innovation. Army’s focus on innovation and advances in technology will see an increase in research and development opportunities to develop solutions for Land Forces. What this means for defence industry is that Army will be looking to collaborate closely across all aspect of the capability life cycle from new ideas, developing new technologies, being smarter in how we acquire and sustain our capability and ensuring both Army and industry have the necessary workforce to meet the challenges of the future.

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TRAUMASIM: EXPERTS IN MEDICAL AND EMERGENCY SIMULATION By Valerie Latimour, ,

Defence Writer,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

In the world of medical and first aid training, accuracy and precision, and handson experience, are paramount. TraumaSim supports company training facilities by providing just that. The company does so through a range of part task trainers (realistic simulated body parts), moulage services (the use of mock injuries of wounds and lesions) as well as supplies of moulage equipment.

Under the direction of its Managing Director Nola Pearce, TraumaSim has filled an important niche in the medical and first aid training environment since 2008. Ms Pearce was using the depth of knowledge she had acquired in her long nursing career to teach first aid and industrial medicine. She felt that there was not enough emphasis on clinical accuracy, and that people learning in largely theoretical situations might struggle when faced with real-life emergencies. “Research shows that the more realistic the training, the better the outcome,” she says.

to practice skills while dealing with a realistic experience. Other products include moulage, or replicas of wearable wounds, that can be applied to live roleplayers or training manikins (simulated life-like bodies and body parts) to enhance training in identifying and treating different types of wounds, replicated crying babies and simulated bodies. TraumaSim’s products are created with high-quality silicone, which is much less likely to cause allergic reactions for the trainees than other frequently-used materials such as latex. Flexibility and bespoke solutions play a large part in TraumaSim’s business model. They can provide on-site support to moulage role players, equipment for hire, or products for customers to use themselves. Replicas of specific wounds, rashes or infections can be created upon consultation, and they also provide workshops creating moulage for those involved in teaching emergency response.

TraumaSim’s clients come from many industries where emergency situations are highly likely. Defence, mining and resources, aviation, and road and rail transport have all benefitted from the realistic scenarios provided by TraumaSim, as well as medical training given to paramedics, first aid training and safety responders. Other clients include police and private security officers, and industrial and manufacturing companies. Recently, the heightened possibility of terrorist action around the world has made many aware of the need for more comprehensive medical training of all first responders.

TraumaSim staff undertake mock training procedure to pack wounds using a bleeding wound task trainer.

Seeing the need for more realistic training tools, Ms Pearce went to the United States to study, intending to run TraumaSim as a sideline while continuing to teach. However, the business grew quickly, providing enough work for her to leave teaching and enabling her to run TraumaSim as a full time venture. TraumaSim offers a range of products and services. They manufacture part task trainers, a selection of simulated body parts with a variety of wounds requiring packing or tourniquet application. Pumps simulate blood flow to allow trainees

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In addition to local and interstate clients in Australia, TraumaSim sells to several countries in the Middle East, and they are beginning to break into the US market. TraumaSim’s association with the defence sector in Australia began 2009 when the firm was approached by a defence contractor to provide moulage services. Since then, TraumaSim has emerged as a trusted and reliable supplier to Defence and defence industry in Australia. The team at TraumaSim consists of 12 workers, located in WA and interstate, of which a number of who are experienced healthcare professionals. Further, many of the manufacturing staff in the workshop are graduates of the Western Australia Academy of Performing Arts, with qualifications in production design, props and scenery. They bring a connection to the theatrical special effects element of wound creation, as well as a passion for creating well-executed realistic replicas. Each wound produced at TraumaSim is hand painted for individuality and authenticity. Interstate team members provide on-site support for clients in eastern States without the delay and cost of travel from the west. TraumaSim is often represented at select trade shows and conventions around the world to stay abreast of developments in the industry. The use of 3D printing and Virtual Reality training are areas that may have applications in the business, although TraumaSim will continue to produce only the best bespoke hand-painted pieces. Looking to the future, Ms Pearce is excited about upcoming developments and hints that “big things are in the pipeline”. It is clear that TraumaSim fills the need for quality and hands-on training in a vital industry, and does it exceedingly well.

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COMMENTARY

By BRIG Matt Galton,

Director General, Capital Facilities and Infrastructure Branch, Estate and Infrastructure Group, Department of Defence

DEFENCE FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR WA INDUSTRY The Capital Facilities and Infrastructure Branch, Estate and Infrastructure Group (E&IG) is responsible for the development, approval and delivery of major and medium works identified in the capital works program. This includes the carriage of Major Works through the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works process.

DEFENCE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT Over the next decade there is around $20bn programmed in the Integrated Investment Program to upgrade Defence facilities and infrastructure. This investment is delivered through the Facilities and Infrastructure Program (FIP). The FIP is a 10-year plan and management tool for capital facilities projects relating to the Defence estate. The FIP is under continual review in the context of Commonwealth Government strategic priorities for the Defence estate. In the Financial Year 2019-2020, it has an allocation of $2.105bn. To ensure that local industry has the best possible opportunity to be involved in the delivery of major Defence infrastructure projects, the Commonwealth Government implemented the Local Industry Capability Plan (LICP) initiative. This was formalised through the Defence Policy for Industry Participation, which was launched by then Minister for Defence Industry Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds in March 2019. Aptly, the LICP requires tenderers bidding for construction projects over $7.5m to state clearly how they have been engaged with local industry in providing their tendered solution, and how local industry will specifically be involved in delivering the work packages that underpin the project. The ultimate aim of the LICP is to see local businesses given a guaranteed opportunity to bid for work on a Defence project. While there is no guarantee they will win the work â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this is because

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for a company to secure a contract they must provide the Commonwealth with the best value for money offer. However it is critical they have the opportunity to bid as this is a key tenet of the Commonwealth Procurement Rules. Once projects are approved by the relevant authority, E&IG delivers the FIP investment projects, monitors performance and reports through biannual updates to the Minister for Defence. Projects in the FIP come under two primary categories: capability and sustainment.

CAPABILITY AND SUSTAINMENT PROJECTS IN WA In a capability project, E&IG delivers the facilities necessary to support the introduction of a new capability, predominantly for Navy, Army, Air Force, but also for other groups including Defence Science and Technology. An example of a capability project currently underway in Western Australia is the $97m being invested at Harold E. Holt Naval Communications Station for facilities and infrastructure to support the operations of the Space Surveillance Telescope. This facility will enable ADF space surveillance capability, enhanced global surveillance capability, and increased ability to track space debris. Sitzler is engaged as the Prime contractor. A sustainment project addresses the provision of services (electricity, water and sewerage), the condition of base infrastructure (messes and office accommodation) and ensures compliance with regulatory standards (work, health and safety).

A current example of a sustainment project in WA is the $366m HMAS Stirling base redevelopment. This project is upgrading and refurbishing aging and outdated infrastructure, and improving the functionality and capability of existing facilities, to support current and future naval operations. Doric is engaged as the Prime contractor. Significant opportunities have been made available with approximately 2000 workers from the Perth and Rockingham regions and all sub-contractors engaged on the project are local to these areas. Indigenous participation is at approximately 5.4%. There are significant opportunities for sub-contractors and suppliers to participate in major Defence infrastructure projects, whether they are large building firms with a national presence, or SME with a regional presence. Defence deliberately structures its procurement to provide opportunity for broad industry participation. Australia has a mature construction industry, and Defence has a strong track record of using local businesses to deliver facilities and infrastructure projects. For example, all sub-contractors on the Space Surveillance Telescope and HMAS Stirling redevelopment projects went to WA companies. Defence will continue to monitor the performance of the LICP to ensure the continued success of this strategy. Defence is proud of the local industry participation received on its facilities and infrastructure projects in the West, and looks forward to working with WA industry well into the future.

DORIC MANAGING CONTRACTOR FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIA’S LARGEST NAVAL BASE - HMAS STIRLING, FLEET BASE WEST

As a privately-owned Western Australian construction company, we thank our local subcontractors for their support; and welcome the participation of our local industry in all of our current and future projects.

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4 Gwenyfred Road, South Perth WA 6151 | T: +61 (8) 9388 2655 | doric@doricgroup.com.au | www.doricgroup.com.au

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ANALYSIS

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

A TWO-OCEAN ARMY IN AN INDO-PACIFIC ERA By Professor Michael Evans,

General Sir Francis Hassett Chair of Military Studies, Australian Defence College

If the Indo-Pacific geo-political concept is to amount to more than strategic rhetoric, Australia needs to consider Southeast Asia as a convergent maritime hub that constitutes not a ‘sea-air gap’, but a ‘sea-air-land’ bridge into the Malay archipelago that runs from Java to Fiji. A joint and balanced ADF is required with Australian land power reconceived within a ‘two-ocean’ maritime strategic context.

THE GREAT RAMPART On 10 September 1919, then Prime Minister Billy Hughes made one of the foundational statements on Australian strategy when he told the House of Representatives ”in order that Australia be safe, it is necessary that the great rampart of islands stretching around the north-east of Australia should be held by us or by some Power in whom we have absolute confidence”. A century later, Hughes’ warning is more relevant than ever, especially as Sino-American strategic rivalry intensifies and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands appear vulnerable to Beijing’s coercive diplomacy and economic expansion. Yet, securing the ‘great rampart’ of the northern island chains directly challenges an evolving myth in contemporary Australian strategic discourse – namely, that the changing balance of power in the Indo-Pacific area will reduce the importance of the Army in the conduct of statecraft. Today, as Sino-American strategic rivalry intensifies across the Indo-Pacific oceans it seems that sea and air power are more significant to Australian security than soldiers. This is a view that runs contrary to the central reality of Australia’s strategic history: the continual reliance of statecraft upon expeditionary land power elements from Europe to Asia and the Middle East.

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The concept of land power can be defined as ‘the ability in peace, crisis and war to exert prompt and sustained influence on, or from, land’. In Australia’s case,

because the Army has been drawn from a relatively small population base, land power has always been related not to quantity and mass but to the quality and effectiveness of the deployed military forces in achieving disproportionate strategic effects. It is this qualitative force equation that has governed the use of the Army (1st Australian Imperial Force, AIF) from Monash on the Western Front in 1918, through Blamey and the 2nd AIF in the 1942-1945 Southwest Pacific campaign, to the Australian Army’s ‘wars of diplomacy’ – from Korea in 1950 through Malaya, Borneo and Vietnam to East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan more recently.

THE ARMY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC For those who discount the future role of the Australian Army in the Indo-Pacific, it is worth noting that, with the exceptions of Iraq and Somalia, every large land force deployment since the formation of the Australian Army in 1947 has been in Asia – the area in which former Prime Minister Robert Menzies said that Australia must assume ”primary responsibilities and primary risks”. Indeed, one can make a strong case that the wars of the 1950s and 1960s in Asia shaped much of the outlook and ethos of the Army, both as an instrument of national power and as a fighting force. The Army’s deployment to Korea in 1950 was a major component in Percy Spender’s diplomatic success in forging the 1951 ANZUS Pact as Minister of External Affairs and then Australia’s Ambassador to Washington. Moreover, Korea was the arena where the Army cut its professional teeth – in the battles of Kapyong and Maryang San. Similarly, fighting insurgent movements in Malaya and Borneo throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s helped develop the land force’s jungle warfare and counterinsurgency skills. Finally, much of the modern expeditionary skill of the Army was forged by the 7000 strong Australian Task Force serving in South Vietnam from the mid-1960s until the early 1970s. Today, the seminal experience for a generation of Australian diggers is less the niche operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, than the major intervention in East Timor in 1999 which Australia led and, in doing so,

INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY

ANALYSIS

Australian Army officers and soldiers from 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, are coached through an urban shooting course by Malaysian Armed Forces officer Lieutenant Adam Jalil (left) during a joint live fire exercise at Terendak Barracks, Malaysia as part of Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019.

fielded 5500 troops. Apart from the Army’s relations with its English-speaking peers, it is in the Indo-Pacific where the Army retains its most important 21st century military-to-military links with key countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. A cursory glance at the public statements of Army chiefs over two decades – ranging from LTGEN John Sanderson who led the peacekeeping operation in Cambodia in the early 1990s to the present incumbent, LTGEN Rick Burr, reveals the primary importance that the Army’s senior leadership assigns to Asia. In the years ahead, it is more than likely that the Army will perform as an instrument of national statecraft in the Indo-Pacific. This is likely particularly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. Australia is situated adjacent to the Malay Archipelago which contains the largest group of islands in the world (13,000 in Indonesia, 7000 in the Philippines with 85,000km of waterways). Given this geo-political reality, the correct strategy for Australia in the 2020s is a clearly a maritime one with an integral role for the Army in a joint force capable of operating across the ‘sea-air-land’ bridge to the north. A properly articulated Australian maritime strategy needs to be able to draw on the Army’s long history of deployments in Asia – stretching from the Southwest Pacific campaign of 1941-1945 to the East Timor deployments in the new century. We need to remember that ‘maritime’ is an environmental term and not a naval service definition. Unlike naval strategy, a maritime strategy aims at control of the sea as a means, not an end. To paraphrase Sir Julian Corbett, a prominent British naval historian and geo-strategist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this is because goals and missions are always governed by the capacity of joint forces to achieve political effects on land.

A major characteristic of the evolving Indo-Pacific region will be that Southeast Asia will become a key intermediate strategic archipelago and a ‘convergent maritime hub’ between India and China. It is here that inter-state rivalry and non-state security threats may intersect with fragile governance, Islamist and separatist insurgencies, terrorism and piracy. The rise of Sino-American competition in the Indo-Pacific should not blind us to the volatile cocktail of potential armed conflicts that loom in the northern archipelagos in the years ahead. As during the Cold War, a bipolar contest – in this case Sino-American contest – is likely to superimpose itself on a raft of underlying Asian rivalries and insecurities with unpredictable consequences. As a result, the Army must be ready to undertake a suite of missions in Southeast Asian and South Pacific conditions. These involve: regional engagement measures (military diplomacy, combined training exercises, international military exchange programs, and confidence-building measures), cooperative regional intervention operations (security force assistance programs, mentoring-training and stability activities up to, and including, the possibility of engaging in simultaneous combat missions), and littoral manoeuvre operations (involving projecting amphibious forces into the northern archipelago in entry from the air and sea missions).

INDO-PACIFIC FORCE POSTURE To accomplish this mosaic of tasks, the Army needs to be a larger establishment by some 4000-5000 soldiers and, given the acceptance of the Indo-Pacific strategic concept in Canberra, there is a case to be made for a greater land force presence in Western Australia. Former Army chief, LTGEN Peter Leahy (Rtd) has advanced the notion of an ‘Indo-Pacific Army’.

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While the ADF has long considered itself a ‘two ocean force’ its capability and concept of operations would benefit from a land force that conceives of itself in terms of a wider strategic philosophy of land power. Such a strategic philosophy needs to cover not just contingencies in the Pacific but also those that may involve the Indian Ocean.

Australian Army soldier Private Jayden Page from the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, scans the jungle during a patrol exercise with Malaysian Armed Forces at Terendak Barracks as part of Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2019.

Similarly, former Defence Minister, Kim Beazley, has observed that there is what he calls “an unimpeachable case” for a larger land force presence in the west, to provide greater security for the mineral-rich North West that adjoins Sumatra and Java in the central Indonesian archipelago. It is certainly the case that we need to review what a coherent Indo-Pacific joint operating doctrine would mean for the ADF in future years. As part of this process of review, consideration needs to be given by Canberra strategic policymakers to the possibility of enlarging and deepening the land force’s footprint in the west. One option would be to station a regular battalion capable of amphibious operations in the Perth metropolitan area with the reserve 13th Brigade providing support. The idea of a larger land force in WA is unlikely to commend itself to current strategic policymakers in Canberra grappling with a major submarine project and a defence budget not yet at 2% of GDP. Yet, if the Indo-Pacific strategic concept is to amount to more than mere rhetoric, there needs to be serious geo-political analysis of what it may mean in the future for the ADF to operate jointly across a convergent maritime hub characterised by an archipelagic geography. While the ADF has long considered itself a ‘two ocean force’ its capability and concept of operations would benefit from a land force that conceives of itself in terms of a wider strategic philosophy of land power. Such a strategic philosophy needs to cover not just contingencies in the Pacific but also those that may involve the Indian Ocean. We should remember that the ADF has deployed into the Indian Ocean littoral on several occasions previously, including a major operation in Somalia and relief missions into Indonesia. A larger Army, in conjunction with the Navy must continue its amphibious focus and seek to integrate littoral-archipelagic ‘narrow seas’, estuarine and riverine concepts of manoeuvre into a coherent mission repertoire, carefully embedded within a comprehensive framework of joint expeditionary warfare. Moreover, given the demographic realities emanating from the rapid urbanisation of Indo-Pacific littoral areas, the Army needs to consider the uncomfortable implications of future

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urban operations in parts of Southeast Asia. The prolonged 2017 battle for Marawi in Mindanao in the Philippines is an uncomfortable reminder that Asia is home to rapidly urbanising populations which may confront land forces with cityscape conflicts in the future. Indeed, Marawi was the biggest urban warfare encounter in Southeast Asia since the Vietnam War’s battle of Hue in 1968.

FUTURE EXPEDITIONARY ARMY In the 2020s, the Australian Army must view itself as an operational force capable of exerting land power for strategic effect across the Indo-Pacific spectrum of peace, crisis and war – from humanitarian relief through peacekeeping to the ultimate test of warfighting. The weight of Australia’s military experience instructs us that we can never rule out certain kinds of conflict in advance, no matter how unlikely these may seem at any given moment. In 1910, the likelihood that Australia would send thousands of troops to fight in France within five years would have seemed ludicrous. In 1947, anyone who suggested that within three years Australian soldiers would be fighting North Korean and Chinese forces on mainland Asia, would have been dismissed as a fantasist. Closer to our own times, no Australian strategist foresaw the crises of East Timor, 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq or the Arab Uprisings. As we consider the menu of possibilities for future conflict in the Indo-Pacific strategic theatre we should remember that until strategic assumption translates into accurate strategic forecasts, our only recourse to uncertainty must be to keep swords sharp, powder dry and historical memories clear. To paraphrase Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, strategy, like life, is lived forwards but it is always understood backwards. It is imperative, then, that Australia maintains an ADF that possesses a strong and vibrant Army that straddles a two-ocean geo-political construct, and one that is always capable of fulfilling its historic role of conducting expeditionary operations to uphold both our global and regional interests, and our values as a liberal democracy.

ADVERTORIAL

OUTBACK INITIATIVES By Terry Booth Special Correspondent,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Theories of learning reveal that we are all born with the potential to achieve our goals, but the skills needed to do so are learned, practiced and developed through experience. People cannot learn how to drive a car by simply by reading about it, only by the experiences that come from actually driving a car. Similarly, leadership skills can be taught, but they are developed by practice, and lessons learned, through leadership experiences.

Outback Initiatives embraces these principles, going to lengths to set up situations that provide experiential learning for their leadership training participants. Operating nationally in all States for over 25 years, programs are conducted in the great outdoors across Australia. Locations include the strikingly beautiful and majestic Kimberley and lush Margaret River district of WA, as well as outback NSW. Outback Initiatives enable participants to learn and grow by leading in challenging circumstances through consequence-based, problem-solving activities. Experiential training has long been utilised by the armed forces, with field exercises that emulate real life situations. Civilian training is usually based in a classroom or conducted online, lacking this quality of real experience, and subsequently the training often does not ‘stick’. This is a deficiency that Outback Initiatives addresses directly. That the Gurkha Contingent Singapore Police Force has remained a valued client of Outback Initiatives for 25 years is a robust indication of the program’s international reputation and success. The company’s clients can be solo participants or attend as teams from across the corporate and government sectors. Their programs target a range of developmental needs such as ethical leadership, individual development, women in leadership, adventure training and transformational leadership. Corporate clients can participate in scheduled programs or have a program customised to their needs. The company’s expertise can also be accessed in the form of a consultancy, with the aim of obtaining outcomes-based solutions. Managing Director Sheryll Fisher was introduced to outdoor training by a former Special Forces commander, Colin Hendrie, who was seeking to transfer his business to a suitable person. After a seven day program with emergency

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services personnel in 2006, Ms Fisher was converted to experiential training. “It was such an eye opener to learn about my impact, my strengths and my weaknesses and how I reacted under pressure”, she said. Sheryll subsequently resigned from her job as liaison officer with the European and Japanese Space Agencies in Australia, and threw herself wholeheartedly into the business. Participant reviews indicate that it is never too late or too early to engage in a program that could change the rest of your life. In fact the majority of participants are already engaged in leadership roles. Megan McCracken, Chair of the National Association of Women in Operations, said “I learnt more about leadership in 10 days than I have in 10 years, in fact 30 years ... this time I received a gift rare in the corporate world – real feedback … The feedback was timely, specific, focused on behaviours, not personality, and delivered in a safe environment.” Ms Fisher explains “We want to put people out of their comfort zone. If we give you all the information there would be no challenge. Having said that, it’s challenge by choice. Yes we use the outdoors, but leadership isn’t about being physically fit - it’s about your ability to influence and lead under pressure. We create metaphors for the real-world experiences, and our process of activity - debrief - feedback ensures that lessons

‘stick’”. In practical terms that may amount to finding yourself in a cave at midnight in the remote Kimberley region with your team counting on you to lead them out safely. When you’re swimming through icy water, packs on backs, all decisions have real consequences in terms of time, risk and comfort. The program has been deliberately and carefully constructed over 25 years to challenge participants to reach their full potential. One participant said “it was the next challenge that will continue to inform my leadership. I can’t tell you about it beyond the fact that I absolutely, abjectly failed.” He says the facilitator “deliberately selected that challenge for me, knowing I would struggle and learn something important about myself. He was right. It’s what I do with the information that will make the difference in my career.” Training starts before the program begins with all participants completing a ‘DISC’ profile which assesses their behavioural drivers and where they will be challenged. Pre-program coaching helps participants to identify their objectives, and post-program they strategise with the coach to ensure the goals they set for themselves are met in a realistic timeframe. In the words of another participant “Spending 10 days together leaves you nowhere to hide. The simple fact is if we didn’t work together, the team would fail and we would get very hungry and tired … we brought out the best in each other”. And that sums it up: Outback Initiatives programs challenge you to reach your full potential and to be a better version of yourself, as well as to be a more effective leader, regardless of where you are in that journey. This applies whatever your objectives may be.

www.outbackin.com.au

“..the best leadership program I have ever experienced” Dr Stephen Lund, Executive Manager, Wanslea

“..these lessons continue to have an impact on my work” Megan McCracken, Chair of National Association for Women in Operations

Megan McCracken

Dr Stephen Lund

BUILDING LEADERS • TRANSFORMING LIVES Outback Initiatives’ programs are uniquely challenging and highly effective. You will develop your leadership and management skills to levels you would not have thought possible through tailored scenario-based training programs led by qualified and experienced facilitators. By participating in Outback Initiatives’ programs you will: learn how to lead your team effectively when under pressure, understand how to manage change in order to influence your team to achieve positive, tangible and timely results, realise the gaps and strengths of your own leadership style and put measures in place to become more effective. Find out how Outback Initiatives can support you and your team to reach your full potential.

For more information | Phone 1300532337 | www.outbackin.com.au | info@outbackin.com.au

INTERVIEW

Managing Director, Mike von Bertouch owns several aircraft including his pride and joy 1930s vintage Stearman Biplane. Flight is his passion whether as a glider pilot in his early years, or more recently completing his fixed wing pilots qualifications.

MIKE VON BERTOUCH: “WE HAVE A CAPABILITY THAT IS UNIQUE IN AUSTRALIA” By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Stephanie Koorey,

Senior Correspondent,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

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Beginning as a humble start-up, the award-winning WA-based aviation firm InnovAero experienced a rapid rise to national and international prominence. The company’s Managing Director, Mike von Bertouch, an accomplished aeronautical engineer and innovator, spoke exclusively to WA DEFENCE REVIEW about the company’s impressive evolution, its niche capabilities, its achievements to date, and where he expects the company to go in the future. How did you come to establish InnovAero? I graduated with an aeronautic/aerospace engineering degree from RMIT University in 1990, and initially worked in the subsea sector developing civilian and military subsea sonar systems. I then moved to WA in the mid-1990s to work at Eagle Aircraft. That company had recently been purchased by the Malaysian Government and were manufacturing aircraft in Henderson. That experience broadened my range of management skills and when that business moved to Malaysia, some friends and I started an engineering consultancy here in Perth. That was an amazing learning experience and there were a couple of spin-offs that achieved success including a software business, which also still exists today, and a project that is now Fast Brick Robotics.

In looking for a change, I founded Structured Design with our first job being a $13m Defence project which we delivered successfully. That led to an opportunity to participate in the commencement of Nearmap where I was responsible for the development of all their airborne technology. Now it is a $1.5bn business. InnovAero was spun out of Structured Design to separate the aviation work from our other projects which had nothing to do with aviation. InnovAero is our aviation business, and we have been slowly and methodically expanding the scope of the business as opportunities arise, and next year we are moving to a purpose-built facility at Jandakot Airport. InnovAero is unique in Australia in that we are a complete start-to-finish aeronautical product development, certification, manufacturing and

INTERVIEW

InnovAero is our aviation business, and we have been slowly and methodically expanding the scope of the business as opportunities arise, and next year we are moving to a purpose-built facility at Jandakot Airport.

serviceable for a number of years to come. The Fokker 100s are an economic solution not just for Qantas, but also Virgin and Alliance Airlines which both operate these aircraft. We will look at ways to supply key components and systems to keep those aircraft operational. We have joint ventures and partnerships throughout Australia and the US and there are a number of other products we are actively pursuing. To date, our aviation-related defence work has been small, but as our business becomes more prominent and our capability grows we are absolutely looking at a range of defence opportunities. The bulk of our product goes into the civilian market and about 90% of it over the last 10 years has been in

maintenance organisation. We have eight engineers covering a broad range of disciplines. We have aircraft structures, mechanical systems, electrical systems, electronics, flight test and vehicle design expertise all in-house amongst our engineering staff. We have also engaged a number of undergraduates and graduates to help provide hands-on work experience. I am personally passionate about engineering education, and I am very pleased that we have also been able to recruit from that work experience talent pool.

Can you describe your company’s client base? We have gone through a period of substantial growth in terms of the breadth of the businesses that we supply. Our key focus is on a US company that has a reported turnover in excess of US$500m annually. They have previously done all their product development in-house for aircraft systems. With our engagement much of that work is now being done in Perth to take advantage of the fact we can deliver a capability that they simply haven’t been able to find elsewhere. We have also been a supplier to Qantas for Fokker 100 component support. We are able to design, certify and manufacture replacement components to keep these aircraft

We do complex product R&D and develop that into aeronautical products. We deal with all the certification requirements to do both the certification here in Australia and also in the United States. We have the complete product life cycle of design, Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) part inspection for manufactured items. certification, manufacturing, and in-service support, which we can deal with using our core team. We really place a premium on in-house R&D because continuous product development and refinement is critical to our effectiveness. The best way to deliver client satisfaction is to apply all our intellectual resources in the organisation to keep on top of clients’ needs.

Our key value proposition is that we have the complete beginning to end product development life cycle covered within the internal resources of our organisation. We are the only Australian aviation SME that can develop complex products and then manage that through the entire life cycle of that product. EDITION 2 • 2019

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aerial imagery and aerial survey camera systems.

What makes InnovAero competitive? Our key value proposition is that we have the complete beginning to end product development life cycle covered within the internal resources of our organisation. We are the only Australian aviation SME that can develop complex products and then manage that through the entire life cycle of that product. Many of our staff have had careers outside the aviation industry, bringing that wider experience into the company. We are small, which also makes us nimble, and we have a substantial breadth of capability so we provide a value proposition that is quite unique in the industry.

How has InnovAero performed in export markets? Over 80% of our revenue is from exports to the US. We actually have a relatively small footprint in the Australian marketplace. With our partners in the US we are looking at developing a range of new products. We leverage off the fact that it is easier to get US approval for modification packages for aircraft products in Australia than it is in the US. Here in WA we have especially easy access to airspace for flight testing. WA also has weather that lends itself well to efficient flight test programs. We have an enviable reputation in the Civil Aviation Safety Authority for the quality of our design, certification and production activities. We have a very good relationship with the regulators here, and

Over 80% of our revenue is from exports to the US. We actually have a relatively small footprint in the Australian marketplace. With our partners in the US we are looking at developing a range of new products. We leverage off the fact that it is easier to get US approval for modification packages for aircraft products in Australia than it is in the US. we work just as hard to maintain a good working relationship with the US Federal Aviation Administration. It’s ironic that we have much better conditions here than

We are growing in a way that means we just don’t become one increasingly large organisation, rather more an aggregation of smaller business units. Each unit does what it does best focusing on delivering the best possible value to our clients. Knowing that each business unit can reach across to the core InnovAero team and to other resources

and capabilities means that effectively all employees become an internal supplier to these other business units. This provides a degree of comfort to our clients because they are not just dealing with a four or six person business, but a four or six person business backed by a 25 person team within the InnovAero group.

Camera systems in final assembly.

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About the

The Special Air Service Resources Fund (SASRF) assists current and former members of the SAS Regiment (as well as dependants of those members) who are in need of relief or support. The Fund was established in 1996 after the Blackhawk helicopter tragedy which claimed 18 lives and rendered one soldier paraplegic. The Fund was set up to fill the gap that existed at that time in Government support. The primary beneficiaries are the dependants of SAS soldiers killed or severely disabled in, or as a result of, operations or training. The Fund also assists the families of other ADF

personnel who are killed or disabled while working alongside the SAS Regiment in SASR controlled operations or training. The Fund provides peace of mind to members serving in the

Australian Special Air Service Regiment. They rest assured in the knowledge that they, and their families, will be looked after in the event of death or injury.

For further information, or to make a donation: www.sasresourcesfund.org.au

INTERVIEW

Aircraft ready for flight test with camera system and air-data instrumentation installed.

in the US to do product development with the sole objective of getting those products into the US market.

To date, what have been the key highlights for InnovAero? Regarding our performance to date, I’m happy with the journey that we have taken. It has been a business that has grown without requiring a lot of debt – it has just been a lot of blood, sweat and tears focusing on client requirements. We have not consciously chosen to pursue industry prominence through awards until relatively recently. In 2014 I attended the Engineers Australia Engineering Excellence Awards because one of our clients in defence received the WA Professional Engineer of the Year Award. What stood out was the projects that were nominated and won were between $20m and many hundreds of millions of dollars. There seemed to be no SME or small project nominees, and I remember thinking that this didn’t reflect what engineering in Australia is all about. Consequently, in 2016, we nominated one of our projects for the Engineering Excellence Awards with our industry-

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leading camera system – and to our delight we actually won! In fact, we won two awards at that event and it was definitely a watershed moment for us. It meant that our small business, at that stage we had 10 staff, could proudly stand up and be seen by the engineering community as equal to companies with hundreds of engineers. The fact that we won two awards at that event was extraordinary. That set the bar for the 2018 Engineering Excellence Awards, where we were competing against a much broader field and we again won a WA award for a different project. The fact that we manage to win a WA state award was hugely rewarding. More recently, we were delighted to be recipients of two awards at the 2019 Avalon Airshow. Here we were judged by peers within our specialised industry, not just by the broader engineering community, confirming we can proudly hold our heads high within the aviation sector.

What are your plans for the future? We have a long-term future with key clients in the US. We are going through a

Building our profile in the Australian market is a focus for us right now – whether that’s supplying products to Qantas, airframe Original Equipment Manufacturers or SMEs involved in GA. We have a niche capability and are looking to leverage that and step out into Australian industry. process of change as we have a capability that is absolutely unique in Australia – we can develop new complex products, certify them, and then manufacture and export them knowing that they’re going to be accepted into US markets. We are also looking at mergers and acquisitions and entering into joint ventures so we can expand the breadth of our organisation, while still maintaining our current projects. Despite our success over the past decade our profile here in Australia has remained low. Building our profile in the Australian market is a focus for us right now – whether that’s supplying products to Qantas, airframe Original Equipment Manufacturers or SMEs involved in GA. We have a niche capability and are looking to leverage that and step out into Australian industry. We are also going through a process of evolving the business with an impressively credentialed corporate advisory group over a period of three years. Delivering products into the defence sector will definitely be a part of that future.

Are you a Serving or Former ADF Reservist? The Defence Reserve Association (WA Branch) invites Serving or Former ADF Reservists to join the Association - the ﬁrst year’s membership is FREE!

Defence Reserves Association Western Australia

What are the aims of the DRA?

• to be involved actively in the welfare and betterment   of serving and former Defence Force members with   speciﬁc attention to those of the Defence Reserves.

• to encourage loyalty to the Commonwealth of   Australia and observance of its laws and statutes.

• to consider and where appropriate seek changes to   the conditions of service, amenities and equipments   relating to Defence Reserves.

• to aid recruiting for the Defence Reserves and assist   in the promotion of their units and squadrons.

• to represent the standpoint of the Defence Reserves in the promotion of an eﬀective tri-service Defence Force.

• to foster and assist the Australian Defence Force with particular emphasis on the Reserves.

• to make and receive gifts and donations.

• to publicise the Defence Reserves by public   relations facilities and activities.

For more information https://dra.org.au Application Form https://forms.gle/kZcgUqHz3NR7Z6E78

The Defence Reserves Association (DRA) is a triservice organisation supporting the Australian Defence Force (ADF), promoting the interests, and safeguarding the concerns of the Defence Reserve component of the ADF.

INTERVIEW

By Serge DeSilvaRanasinghe, Managing Editor,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Simon Louie, Defence Writer,

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

PAUL COLLEY: “TMT IS PROGRESSING SELECTIVELY AND DELIBERATELY INTO THE DEFENCE SECTOR” Possessing a world class subsea technology sector that has serviced the oil and gas sector’s needs, Western Australia is home to a number of the country’s, and indeed the world’s, leading undersea firms. One standout and successful enterprise is Total Marine Technology, a bespoke design and manufacturer of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Speaking exclusively to WA DEFENCE REVIEW, the company’s Managing Director, Paul Colley, gave a detailed breakdown of the firm’s evolution, capabilities and growing profile within the defence sector. When was TMT established and what is most notable about the company?

To accomplish this, we provide custom engineering from our engineering design facilities that include multiple engineering disciplines and manufacturing facilities with the expertise to fabricate to client requirements. We have additional workshops in Malaysia and Brazil as part of our worldwide support structure. The key to TMT achieving success has been our ability to innovate and apply technology to deliver robust, reliable, fit-for-purpose systems that solve real world problems.

How would you describe TMT’s profile and operations in Australia? TMT is very proud to be the only Australian company to manufacture work class ROVs and subsea intervention tooling. We currently operate on a number of facilities on the North West Shelf, Timor Sea and Bass Strait, providing ongoing opportunities for our company and staff. Through our experience and proven track record, we have become a preferred solution provider for our clients, and have established a reputation to design, build and deliver complex systems to tight timeframes.

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Since 1999, TMT has continued to provide specialist design and engineering solutions to the oil and gas sector. Our specialty is to undertake design and manufacturing of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and systems for harsh ocean environments. TMT currently have teams deploying ROVs in Australia and overseas. Leveraging off the design of our ROV, we have branched out into other areas of subsea tooling. We aim to meet and overcome the challenging requirements of our clients by engineering innovative solutions to reduce risk, task time or offer new capability at depths up to 3000msw and beyond.

TMT designed and manufactured subsea compensation units.

In order to accomplish this, we have deliberately developed an engineering department that strategically covers many engineering disciplines including: structural, mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and naval architecture. We have a production department called ‘The Hub’ that has the capability to plan, schedule and manage manufacturing at the TMT site In addition, they act as Verification and Validation engineers to ensure that all items are tested according to the requirements needed and manage the ISO9001 documentation process for each manufactured item. The majority of manufacturing takes place in our own workshop where we have skilled technicians completing all the required machining, fabrication (aluminium, stainless steel and mild steel) and hydraulics assembly. We also have a full electrical and electronics workshop enabling us to meet all specifications and needs.

TMT CEO Paul Colley and the TMT Submarine Rescue Project Team.

Tell us about TMT’s products and services and the industry sectors the company supports. To date, TMT has predominantly serviced the oil and gas market with products and services. Generally, all our contracts have a hardware and operator component, which reflects the complexity of the type of service we provide. TMT have a Design, Engineer, Manufacture and Operate (DEMO) capability to ensure we deliver successful outcomes and not just another piece of equipment that fails during deployment due to a lack of continuity or understanding. We see this philosophy as having application across multiple industry sectors, including offshore oil and gas and terrestrial mining operations. TMT is progressing selectively and deliberately into the defence sector. Our experience positions us well for entry into the defence sector and we are thankful and excited to be selected by the Prime contractor to be part of the consortium in developing the SEA1354-1 for the Royal Australian Navy’s submarine rescue system. Our supply of ROVs to various countries in 2016 has led to our current involvement in SEA1354-1 for the provision of submarine rescue equipment to Navy, where TMT was selected to design and fabricate Navy’s ROV. Further involvement requires us to design and supply the external propulsion and electrical systems for the Remotely Operated Rescue Vehicle as well as the Submarine Rescue Bell. The scope of TMT’s contribution includes the supply of TMT designed simulator software and hardware that can be used to train ROV pilots on job for task specific requirements, prior to the expense and effort of putting the ROV into the ocean. This cost saving and highlevel virtual training environment assists

in maximising the operational readiness of people to perform challenging tasks in compressed timeframes. While this is not the only element of supply, it demonstrates how TMT engages with our clients through the whole of product lifecycle. This project is a great example of Australian ingenuity further enhancing sovereign capability and increasing Australian jobs in the technology sector. TMT is enthusiastic to apply the knowledge and capability gained from 20 years’ experience in the oil and gas sector. This is an exciting project to be working on considering the importance it will have in an operational environment. This rescue system will be just one of four air transportable systems in the world with the primary mission of the system to deliver rescue capabilities to Navy’s submarine fleet, however, it will also be capable of supporting submarines in other countries if the need ever arises.

To what extent are exports key to the company’s growth? As the only manufacturer of work class ROVs in Southeast Asia, and with several key technology patents, we see our future includes further expansion outside of Australia. We have had previous success in exporting, including a Special Commendation in the WA Manufacturing Export Award category at the 2014 WA Industry and Export Awards. However, we believe our current offering of products and services have global application, and the further development of strong partnerships in markets of interest are lifting the profile of TMT and generating new interest in our products.

In the foreseeable future, what key initiatives does the company have planned? TMT will continue to work on the

Our experience positions us well for entry into the defence sector and we are thankful and excited to be selected by the Prime contractor to be part of the consortium in developing the SEA1354-1 for the Royal Australian Navy’s submarine rescue system.

INTERVIEW

design, engineering and manufacturing within the SEA1354-1 project. However, we are keen to explore more opportunities with the defence industry where our expertise may be able to provide solutions to other challenges. To this end we endeavour to attend local industry events and will be present at the Pacific 2019 International Maritime Exposition to meet with Primes and SME’s, and other prospective clients to discuss opportunities. TMT is very interested in putting its focus on the defence sector as the engineering and design capabilities which have been honed and matured in the oil and gas sector are well-suited to Defence requirements. We believe our engineering teams have the capability to deliver value and innovation to the defence sector and we’re ready to showcase their abilities to this sector. As for other key initiatives, we are currently building our new Mk4-6000 ROV. This is part of the CRC-P grant to develop a 6000-meter ROV system. We believe this program will assist TMT to enter the deepwater research and telecommunications cable repair markets, which are both currently experiencing high levels of investment and will have ongoing needs well into the future. In the areas of exploration, Defence, telecommunications and even food production, the importance of our oceans will continue to grow in significance. Our goal is to ensure TMT is a relevant technology provider in all those markets, to provide an ongoing benefit to Australia, in terms of capability and as an employer, and not just for the next 12-24 months, but for many years to come.

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COMMENTARY

By the Hon. Darren Chester MP,

Minister for Veterans and Defence Personnel, Australian Government

VETERANS’ AFFAIRS

THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF THE AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE: CENTRAL TO ALL WE DO I am delighted to have been reappointed as the Minister for Veterans and Defence Personnel following the recent Federal election, and I am determined to keep putting veterans and their families first.

VETERAN HEALTH Some of the government’s key priorities over this term will be continuing to improve support for our Australian Defence Force (ADF) members transitioning to civilian employment, progressing the ongoing transformation of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA), and building on the work we have already done to improve the mental health and wellbeing of veterans and their families. While there has been a considerable progress made in the last year transforming DVA, streamlining claims processes and ensuring our serving, and former, personnel and their families are at the heart of all we do, and in this respect there is more work to be done. When it comes to improving mental health outcomes in any community, be it a military base, a household, a friendship circle, it is up to all of us to do our part. With over 3000 Australians taking their lives each year, suicide is a national tragedy and there is no single solution to this sad and complex issue. Families, friends, employers, community organisations, the ex-service community and the government all have a role to play. In June, I convened a Veterans’ Mental Health and Wellbeing Summit at Parliament House with leading experts in mental health and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This was the first stage of talking to, and more importantly listening to, ex-service organisations, veterans, families and service providers. This will continue over coming months as we develop a National Action Plan and a renewed Veteran Mental Health and Wellbeing strategy. On 27 June 2019 the government received the final report of the Productivity Commission into the compensation and rehabilitation of

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veterans titled A Better Way to Support Veterans. The government is committed to ensuring that serving and former ADF members have access to the right support, at the right time, and we welcome this comprehensive report which we are considering carefully. I am looking forward to working with the Defence Minister, Senator Linda Reynolds CSC, and continuing to work with the Service Chiefs in my role as Minister for Defence Personnel to deliver the capability to keep Australians safe. Defence members perform a unique role on behalf of Australia, often in dangerous circumstances. The health and wellbeing of all those who serve, and their families, has a direct impact on capability and as such, it is central to all we do. The government has acted on this through significant investment in research, education, awareness, and the provision of mental health services and initiatives, spending more than $230m a year on veteran mental health services. From 1 July 2019, all ADF personnel leaving full-time service can access a fully-funded comprehensive health check from a GP every year for the first five years of their separation from service. For those who are still serving, Defence has been working hard to challenge the stigma of mental illness and to educate ADF members to better recognise mental health issues in themselves and their colleagues.

OUTREACH & SUPPORT Members and their families have access to a range of telephone helplines that provide triage services, including mental health support. These helplines include 1800-IM-SICK, the All-Hours Support Line (1800 628 036), the Reserve Assistance Program (1300 687 327) and the Defence Community Organisation

The government is committed to ensuring that serving and former ADF members have access to right support. Defence Family Helpline (1800 624 608). For those in need, Open Arms Veterans and Family Counselling Service can be contacted 24/7 (1800 011 046). Through various mental health promotion and awareness programs, Defence is educating and encouraging ADF members and their families to seek help as early as possible. We have seen the rates of uptake in these services exceeding community and international standards in veterans and military mental health, and we are committed to continuing this work. The ongoing transformation of DVA has also continued, with $500m committed to comprehensively reform DVA’s service delivery so that it is easier for ADF personnel and veterans to access support and services. I encourage anyone, whether they’re serving ADF, transitioning into civilian life, or are a family member, to take full advantage of the services available to you. Please go to www.dva.gov.au. Australians can be assured that Defence and DVA are working closely together to improve services for serving and former personnel and their families, but I do not shy away from the fact that there is still much to be done. I look forward to ensuring our people are at the heart of our focus as we continue to address these challenges.

THE LINKEDIN GROUP FOR DEFENCE SECTOR PROFESSIONALS

POLICY BLOG

An independent network connecting senior decisionmakers and professionals across the spectrum of politics, government, defence, industry and academia – WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM is a moderated community for members who are active in or involved with Australian defence or security. A daily newsfeed – populated by a stable of defence writers, with announcements and insights from allied sector practitioners – enables an enhanced networking and information sharing experience.

JOIN THE CONVERSATION To become part of the conversation on the WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM, please visit:

WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/ GROUPS/10320957

Operating as an exclusive hub with all members vetted prior to entry. WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM provides updates that include industry events in WA and across Australia, Government announcements and regional defence sector news.

ENDORSEMENTS

The WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM is a much-needed addition to the defence industry discussion. For too long, most of the debate around Defence has been led and dominated by voices on the East Coast. This portal will assist players across industry and in the broader community with our collective efforts to give a voice to Western Australian defence interests and shape the national debate.

The WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM comes not a moment too soon. With the reorientation of defence industry policy, back to strategic spending critical for self-reliant sustainment, massive new opportunities are opening up to WA’s heavy industry and SMEs, but we are behind in advocacy to ourselves and the Commonwealth. With regard to the latter, they only take seriously those who take themselves seriously. The Forum plays a critical support role for State Government and Industry Associations who are now energised to the task and will alert many who are not engaged to the chances that await them.

The WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM provides an important conduit for building relationships between defence industry leaders and government. It also assists in raising awareness of opportunities arising out of the Federal Governments unprecedented investment in defence capability including the Continuous Build Program for the RAN, Army and Air Force acquisitions, and sustainment opportunities. The portal is a great initiative and will go great lengths to ensure WA industry is at the forefront of national conversations around defence.

As the Managing Director of a growing defence company I find the WA DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM to be a useful avenue for insights into the defence industry sector and a great way of sharing information and learning from others. This Forum is a first for WA and it reinforces the increasing importance of defence industry in this State. There are many benefits to be gained from communicating with other defence industry companies and this Forum is an ideal way to initiate those conversations.

WA DEFENCE REVIEW POLICY BLOG features quality original commentary from defence sector decision-makers and analysts in Australia and overseas.

Hon. Paul Papalia, CSC MLA, Minister for Defence Issues, Government of Western Australia

Senator Linda Reynolds CSC, Liberal Party of Australia

Mike Deeks CSC, Agent General, Government of Western Australia

Hon. Kim Beazley, AC Former Minister for Defence

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WA DEFENCE &

INNOVATION FORUM

THE LINKEDIN GROUP FOR DEFENCE SECTOR PROFESSIONALS

An independent network connecting senior decisionWA DEFENCE & INNOVATION FORUM is an independent, makers and professionals across the spectrum of politics, moderated community for members who are active in, or involved government, defence, industry and academia – WA DEFENCE with, the Australian defence, innovation and critical infrastructure SECTOR FORUM is a moderated community for members who sectors. This forum provides a much-needed portal for businesses are inprofessionals or involved to with Australian defence or abreast security. and active industry engage, interact and keep ofdaily thenewsfeed latest developments acrossofthe spectrum of politics, A – populated by a stable defence writers, with announcements and insights fromindustry allied sector practitioners – enables an enhanced networking government, and academia. and information sharing experience. Operating as an exclusive hub with all members vetted prior to entry, the WA DEFENCE Operating as an exclusive hub with all members vetted prior to entry. WA DEFENCE & INNOVATION FORUM provides updates that include industry events in WA and across SECTOR FORUM provides updates that include industry events in WA and across Australia, government announcements and defence sector news. Australia, Government announcements and regional defence sector news.

THE LINKEDIN GROUP FOR DEFENCE, INNOVATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROFESSIONALS

JOIN THE JOIN THE CONVERSATION To become part of the CONVERSATION conversation on the WA DEFENCE To become part of the SECTOR FORUM, please visit: conversation on the WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/

GROUPS/10320957 WA DEFENCE & INNOVATION FORUM,

please visit:

WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/ GROUPS/10320957/

ENDORSEMENTS ENDORSEMENTS

TheWA WADEFENCE DEFENCE & The SECTOR INNOVATION FORUM FORUM is a much-needed provides to anthe important addition defence conduit for building industry discussion. For too relationships between long, most of the debate defence industry leaders around Defence has been led and government. It also and dominated by voices on assists in raising awareness the East Coast. This portal will of opportunities arising out assist industry of theplayers Federalacross Government’s and in the broader unprecedented investment community with our collective in defence capability efforts to give a voice to including the Continuous Western Australian defence Build Program for the interests andand shape Navy, Army Air the Force national debate. acquisitions, and sustainment opportunities. The portal is a Hon. Paul Papalia, great initiative and will go to CSC MLA, Minister great lengths to ensure WA for Defence Issues, industry is at the forefront Government of national conversations of Western Australia around defence.

Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds CSC, Minister for Defence, Australian Government

TheWA WADEFENCE DEFENCE & The SECTOR INNOVATION FORUM FORUM comes not a moment comes notWith a moment too too soon. the soon. With the reorientation reorientation of defence of defence industry policy, industry policy, back to back to strategic spending strategic spending critical for critical for self-reliant self-reliant sustainment, sustainment, massive new massive new opportunities opportunities are opening up areWA’s opening upindustry to WA’sand heavy to heavy industry and SMEs, but we SMEs, but we are behind in are behindtoinourselves advocacyand to advocacy ourselves and the the Commonwealth. With Commonwealth. With regard regard to the latter, they only to theseriously latter, they only taketake take those who seriously those who take themselves seriously. The themselves The forum plays seriously. a critical support Forum critical support role forplays StateaGovernment and role industry for State associations Governmentwho are energised to the task andnow Industry Associations and who to arethe whowill are alert now many energised not engaged to the chances task and will alert many who that await them. to the are not engaged The Hon.that Kimawait Beazley AC, chances them. Former Minister for Defence Hon. Kim Beazley, AC Former Minister for Defence

WWW.WADEFENCEREVIEW.COM.AU

I find the WA DEFENCE The WA DEFENCE SECTOR & to be INNOVATION FORUM FORUM provides an important aconduit useful for avenue for insights building into the defence industry relationships between sector and a great way of defence industry leaders and sharing information and government. It also assists in learning from others. This raising awareness of forum is a first for WA and opportunities arising out of it reinforces the increasing the Federal Governments importance of defence unprecedented investment industry in this State. There in defence capability including are many benefits to be the Continuous Build gained from communicating Program fordefence the RAN, Army with other industry and Air Force acquisitions, companies and this forum is andideal sustainment an way to initiate those opportunities. The portal is a conversations. great Deeks initiative and will go Mike CSC, great lengths to ensure WA Agent General, industry is at the forefront of WA Government national conversations around defence. Senator Linda Reynolds CSC, Liberal Party of Australia

The WA DEFENCE & As the Managing Director INNOVATION FORUM of a growing defence is a much-needed company I findaddition the WA to the defence industry discussion. DEFENCE SECTOR FORUM For too long, most of the to be a useful avenue for debate around defence has insights into the defence been led and dominated industry sector and a great by voices on the east coast. way of sharing information This portal will assist players and learning from across industry andothers. in the This Forum is a first WA broader communityfor with our and it reinforces the collective efforts to give a increasing importance of voice to Western Australian defence thisshape State. defence industry interestsinand There are many benefits to the national debate. be fromPapalia Thegained Hon. Paul communicating with other CSC MLA, defence companies Minister industry for Defence Issues, and Forum is an ideal WA this Government way to initiate those conversations. Mike Deeks CSC, Agent General, Government of Western Australia

EVENTS

2017 EVENTS SPEAKER EVENT:

SPEAKER EVENT:

THE CUTTING EDGE: FUTURE OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS & INDUSTRY INNOVATION – APRIL 2017

SYNERGIES WITH THE DEFENCE & RESOURCES SECTORS: PROSPECTS FOR COLLABORATION – OCTOBER 2017

SPEAKER EVENT:

COCKTAIL FUNCTION:

CLOSING THE GAP: FUTURE OF DEFENCE & INDIGENOUS ENGAGEMENT – AUGUST 2017

COCKTAIL FUNCTION WITH DEFENCE MINISTER – NOVEMBER 2017 SITE VISIT: TOUR OF SAS HISTORICAL COLLECTION – NOVEMBER 2017

Future of Special Operations & Industry Innovation – August 2017

Future of Defence & Indigenous Engagement

Cocktail function with former Defence Minister Senator the Hon. Marise Payne

Synergies with the Defence & Resources Sectors

EDITION 2 • 2019

135

EVENTS EVENTS

2018 EVENTS SITE VISIT:

SPEAKER EVENT:

TOUR OF THE AMC – FEBRUARY 2018

FUTURE OF DEFENCE INNOVATION AND STARTUPS: INSIGHTS FROM WA INDUSTRY – AUGUST 2018

ROUNDTABLE DIALOGUE: STRATEGY, DEFENCE & DIALOGUE – FEBRUARY 2018 SPEAKER EVENT: LA CAMARA PARTNER WITH DEFENCE WEST & WA DEFENCE REVIEW TO HOST SPANISH AMBASSADOR & NAVANTIA AUSTRALIA CEO – MARCH 2018 ROUNDTABLE DIALOGUE: STRATEGY, DEFENCE & INDUSTRY DIALOGUE – MAY 2018 SITE VISIT: TOUR OF JFD – JUNE 2018 SITE VISIT:

SITE VISIT: TOUR OF FREMANTLE ARMY MUSEUM – AUGUST 2018

La Camara partners with Defence West & WA DEFENCE REVIEW to host Spanish Ambassador & Navantia Australia CEO

ROUNDTABLE DIALOGUE: STRATEGY, DEFENCE & INDUSTRY DIALOGUE – SEPTEMBER 2018 SITE VISIT: TOUR OF BAE SYSTEMS’ HENDERSON SHIPYARD – MAY 2018 COCKTAIL FUNCTION: INAUGURAL LAUNCH OF WA DEFENCE REVIEW ANNUAL PUBLICATION – NOVEMBER 2018

Tour of JFD

TOUR OF HOFMANN ENGINEERING – JULY 2018

Tour of BAE Systems’ Henderson Shipyard

Tour of Fremantle Army Museum

Tour of the AMC

Tour of Hofmann Engineering

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EDITION 2 • 2019

EVENTS

WA DEFENCE REVIEW

Inaugural launch of 2018 WA DEFENCE REVIEW Annual Publication

organises a variety of highprofile defence sector events throughout the year. Please contact us if you are interested in sponsoring or collaborating on future events.

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue, February 2018

WA DEFENCE REVIEW organises a variety of high

profile defence sector events throughout the year. Contact us if you would like to sponsor or be included in future events.

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue, May 2018

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue, September 2018

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue – September 2018

Strategy, Defence & Dialogue – February 2018

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue, September 2018

WWW.WADEFENCEREVIEW.COM.AU CAPTION

EDITION 1 • 2018

Strategy, Defence & Industry Dialogue – May 2018

CAPTION

137

EVENTS

2019 EVENTS SPEAKER EVENT:

SPEAKER EVENT:

2019 FEDERAL ELECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR WA’S DEFENCE SECTOR – FEBRUARY 2019

WA & THE ACT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEFENCE INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT – JUNE 2019

LUNCHEON: INVITE-ONLY LUNCHEON FOR LTGEN PETER LEAHY (RTD) – FEBRUARY 2019 SPEAKER EVENT: FUTURE OF THE DEFENCE SECTOR IN THE SOUTH WEST: THE CITY OF FREMANTLE – JUNE 2019 SITE VISIT: TOUR OF THE AMC WITH HON. KATE LUNDY, ACT DEFENCE ADVOCATE – JUNE 2019

SITE VISIT: TOUR OF CIVMEC WITH JOHN O’CALLAGHAN, VICTORIAN DEFENCE ADVOCATE – JULY 2019 SPEAKER EVENT: THE DEFENCE SECTORS IN WA & VICTORIA: PROSPECTS FOR COLLABORATION – JULY 2019

The Defence Sectors in WA & Victoria: Prospects for Collaboration

Future of the Defence Sector in the South West: The City of Fremantle

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2019 Federal Election: Implications for WA’s Defence Sector

WA & The ACT: Opportunities for Defence Industry Engagement

EVENTS

Future of the Defence Sector in the South West: The City of Fremantle

The Defence Sectors in WA & Victoria: Prospects for Collaboration

Invite-only Luncheon for LTGEN Peter Leahy (Rtd)

Tour of Civmec with John O’Callaghan, Victorian Defence Advocate

Tour of the AMC with Hon. Kate Lundy, ACT Defence Advocate

Acknowledgements: WA DEFENCE REVIEW wishes to graciously thank all our corporate sponsors for their support. We also extend our gratitude to the following people and organisations who in a variety of ways meaningfully contributed to making the 2019 Annual Publication a major success. They include: Ross Louthean, Dr Stephanie Koorey, Chad van Heemst, Lyndle Stokes, Sean Gough, Stephen Bunce, CDRE Brett Dowsing, Professor Michael Evans, Derek Parks, Dr Andrew Dowse, Hon. Kim Beazley, Senator the Hon. Linda Reynolds, Hon. Melissa Price MP, Hon. Paul Papalia, RADM Raydon Gates (Rtd), LTGEN Peter Leahy (Rtd), Hon. David Johnston, MAJGEN Jeff Sengelman (Rtd), VADM Peter Jones (Rtd), Matt Moran, Michele Clement, James McMahon, Colleen Yates, Greg Salotti, Angelino Schintu, Terry Booth, Valerie Latimour, Simon Louie, Jessica Garcia, James Bear, Peta Magorian, Alannah Wilson, Aleisha Banner, Aaron Schier, Chris Blackwell, Defence Media, Defence West, AIDN-WA, Henderson Alliance, RDA-Perth, Innovate Australia, Perth Convention Bureau and the CORE Innovation Hub. EDITION 2 • 2019

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VIDEO CHANNEL EXPERTS IN BESPOKE

ENGAGE US TO GAIN A COMPETITIVE EDGE FOR YOUR ORGANISATION WITH OUTREACH TO GOVERNMENT, DEFENCE AND INDUSTRY

FEATURE INTREVIEW – THE HON. KIM BEAZLEY AC, FORMER DEFENCE MINISTER

EVENT HIGHLIGHTS – THE CUTTING EDGE: FUTURE OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS & INDUSTRY INNOVATION

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TOUR HIGHLIGHTS – TOUR OF JFD AUSTRALIA BIBRA LAKE FACILITY

CAPABILTIES: •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Marine and Accommodation (Ship Outfitting) – furniture, bulkheads, linings, doors and ceilings Deck Coverings Door and Hatches Reverse Osmosis Water treatment systems Supply and Installation of insulation both Thermal and Acoustic Manufacture and installation of thermal insulation blankets Machining Mechanical Fitting Fabrication – Steel and Aluminium including duplex and exotic materials Sheetmetal Abrasive Blast and Protective coatings HVAC Duct Fabrication and Install Application of Limpetite Coatings Fabrication and Install of GRP Piping Electrical Services CNC Machining and Routing Services Project & Contract Management Design and Engineering Australian OEM Representative for a number of international products Australian Industry Content Partner

ACCREDITATIONS: • • • • • • • •

LOCATIONS: 51 Burlington St, Naval Base WA 6165 (Head Office) 9 Nebo Rd, East Arm NT 0822 1/155 Waymouth Street, Adelaide SA 5000

DNV-GL ISO 9001:2015 DNV-GL ISO 18001:2007 DNV-GL ISO 14001:2015 DNV-GL AS/NZS 4801:2001 Weld Australia ISO 3834.2:2008 Department of Defence – Letter of Recognised Supply Painting Contractor Certification Program WA and NT Electrical Contractors License

CONTACT: P: +61 8 (0) 9410 0787 E: projects@l2se.com.au W: l2se.com.au