Dissertation proposal

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Proposal Level 3 Dissertation FASH20032

1. The end of cash is nigh

2. Go go garment Gadget

Fig.1 Berlin Street Art

REBECCA MC LAUGHLIN N0575814

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.04 Preface

CONTENTS .06 Introduction

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The end of cash is nigh

.17 GO GO GARMENT GADGET

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.21 CONCLUSION

.22 ILLUSTRATIONS

.23 REFERENCES

.24 BIBLIOGRAPHY

.28 APPENDIX

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PREFACE “Success is achieved by developing our strengths, not by elwiminating our weaknesses.�

-Marilyn vos Savant Fig.2 Marilyn vos Savant

In preparation for level 3 , I felt it important to reflect on the feedback I have received over the last two years. This will help me pinpoint my areas of strength and weakness so I can capitalise on my strengths by utilising them efficiently, and also so I know what to focus on when improving my skill set.

When analysing the feedback I have received over the last two years, I highlighted repeated comments that were repeated many times in both strengths and weaknesses. It was not long until a pattern began to emerge.

relevant cultural and contextual landscape.

Reoccurring themes in my areas to improve upon focussed on design recipe and layout skills.

It has been noted that there sometimes isn’t a consistent tone of voice throughout my design, and often my design does not convey my topic or idea.

When reflecting on my work, I need to concentrate more on what I would do differently and how I felt about the process rather than giving an account of the project, more reflective and less journal entry.

My sketchbooks need to include a wider range of visual research and image analysis, I also need I found that my writing style conveys information to improve on the documentation of my idea in a clear and concise manner, often making good generation and development process. insights and including good points of reference. I My presentation skills are also another area I can demonstrate a sound understanding of the topic personally feel are a weakness, and this is something I am writing about, and evaluate well on the subject. I strive to improve upon.

It has often been noted that I include a wide range of relevant primary and secondary research sources, which shows an understanding of the

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**Execution PR & Events, editor, videographer, photographer, social media.

Creative Concept Visual Merchandiser,Creative Director

Big Idea Marketing, Online content creator

Context** trend forecaster, researcher, buyer Fig.3 FCP PROCESS

Taking this analysis into account, I have considered the ares of the fcp process that I most enjoy and feel confident with, and thus would consider pursuing possible career roles within.

The initial process of idea generation, brainstorming and thinking outside of the box to come up with new interesting and exciting concepts is something that I am passionate about.

I really enjoy the initial spark of excitement when brainstorming with a team, sharing our ideas and shaping our concept. This all relates well to the context stage of the FCP process, where careers such as trend forecaster, researcher, buyer are all areas I would be interested in pursuing as possible career paths.

Another area I find of interest is the physical execution of concepts. I’ve really gained an interest in the creation of media and events, my skills in videography, photography and postproduction editing, using programmes such as the adobe creative suite, and work experience in festivals have all helped me to realise that possible career paths in the execution sector may also be suited to my skill set and interests. These roles include: PR & Events, editor, videographer, photographer, social media.

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“Without deviation from the norm, progress is not possible�

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Introduction

Fig.4 FRANK ZAPPA

This report outlines two key trends I have researched, that I have found to be engaging,culturally relevant and I have taken a keen interest in undertaking for my third year projects.

We are living in an age where technology is advancing quicker than ever before. this industry is slowly branching out and fusing with every aspect of our lives, including fashion, transport and commerce.

Both of my chosen trends focus on different aspects of new exciting technological revolutions, and are in the early stages of adoption by the consumer, possessing promising prospects for further development and innovation in the future.

To the left, is one of many inspiring quotes from the late Frank Zappa, a seminal artist, composter and thinker, this has been a mantra of mine for many years, and I believe no words ring truer in relation to this project.

Through my research I plan to explore societies transition into the digital era, and how the transition can be aided through consumer trust created though creative marketing and the insurance of the sustainability of products.

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“...nobody might be able to buy the mark, the name of the wild bea Here is where wisdom comes in: Let calculate the number of the wild b its number is six hundred and sixty

y or sell except a person having ast or the number of its name. the one that has intelligence beast, for it is a mans number; and y-six.�

-.Revelation 13:17,18

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Fig.5 BIG MONEY BY NICOLA ANTHONY

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Concept 1: The end of cash is nigh

Technological innovations are expanding more rapidly than ever. According to ofcom, 66% of UK adults owned a smart phone in 2015, (ofcom, 2016) and with this figure due to steadily increase with the ubiquity of tablets, smart phones and other portable devices has resulted in “the consumer now having an unprecedented amount of computing power at their finger tips” (Rajgopal. K , 2015) In fact, two of the latest iPhone 6s handsets have more memory capacity than the International Space Station.(Dietz, Khanna, and Olanrewaju, 2016) Such innovations have been created as a response to the growing gap in the market that has been created by the consumers ever-growing need for convenience. This need, for many aspects of day to day life to be made more convinient through the use of app services, has continued to grow side by side with the technology of the mobile device. This can be seen from how they order their clothes or food, to how they arrange their transport or book appointment. The answer is conveniently, at the click of a button and increasingly with no hand over of physical cash. In a world of swipes and likes, physical cash seems passé. So it goes without

saying that innovations in currency are to go hand in hand with what has been commonly referred to as the new digital revolution.

Michael J Casey of the Wall Street Journal claims that digital currency is “quite simply one of the most powerful innovations in finance in 500 years.” (Casey, 2015) Today there are a wide range of cashless alternatives available to those in the know.

Digital wallets such as apple pay have become increasingly popular since apples launch in october 2014, Cryptocurrencies are another decentralised alternative, such as the bitcoin and ven, and their has also been a rise in “youth driven, microeconomies” (Bell, 2015) It has been predicted that by the economist, that by 2018, we will be living in a cashless society, and although certain countries are well on track, the uk seems to be lagging behind.

I plan to explore the available advancements that have been made in digital currency, and the the ease of progression from cash to digital payment systems.

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“At its most basic, a trend can be defined as the directing in which something (and that something can be anything) tends to move and which has a consequential impact on the culture, society or business sector though which it moves.” (Raymond 2010, p.13)

Digital wallets Though the creation and analysation of my cartogram,(appendix fig.B) I discovered the major catalyst in the transitional process to wireless currency was the launch of apple pay, this prompted me to research further into the field of digital wallets and and their impact on society.

The term “digital wallet” can be defined as “a software application, usually for a smartphone, that serves as an electronic version of a physical wallet.”(Rouse, 2011) It may comprise of digital versions of bank cards, loyalty cards, forms of identification, tickets or boarding passes that can be used in stores with NFC technology, or online.

From the cartogram we can see that trend drivers in this field include paypal, who’s partnership with eBay brought them success through their monopoly of commercial online commerce, Orange and Barclaycard, who launched “Quick Tap”, the UK’s first contactless mobile phone payment service in May 2011.(Doobay, 2013) Another was the “google wallet”, also launched in 2011, they were both poorly received due to a number of factors, including poor user experience, lack of NFC accepting vendors, and general lack of interest around the innovation at this time.

Why Now? “McKinsey research consistently identifies convenience as the leading factor in adopting mobile payments.”(Rajgopal, 2015)

Fig.6 DIGITAL WALLET

With the all important NCF contactless technology available from a lot more vendors across the country, most major banks have incorporated contactless technology into they debit and credit cards, and according to payments processing company WorldPay, 10% of UK consumers no longer carry cash and contactless is making the biggest gains. (Parker, 2015) This has resulted in what we can see in the trend impact section of the cartogram, which is the more recent launches of new, more advanced wallets such as Apple pay, the Samsung wallet and the 2015 relaunch of the google wallet which have slowly started to gain traction, particularly after the launch of apple pay in July 2015.

“The launch of Apple Pay is expected to significantly build interest in mobile payments and adoption,” says Jonathan Vaux, executive director Visa Digital in Europe. “The UK and Europe is a region with a highly mature, mobile-ready payments infrastructure already in place both instore and online.” Visa has more than 2.6 million contactless terminals active in stores across Europe, including over 510,000 in the UK (wgsn.com , 2015) which means the digital wallet system is a lot more vcommercially viable now than it has been in the past.

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Fig.7 MINTEL INFOGRAPHIC

So What? “Digital wallets still struggle to attract mainstream interest, but almost three quarters of those who use the technology do so almost every time they have the opportunity. this suggests that the service can actually offer compelling benefits to users, and that continued usage should naturally pick up if consumers are encouraged to sign up and incentivised to initially use it with dedicated initiatives.�- (sara ballaben, technology analyst, 2016) According to the mintel digital trends spring report, fig. 6. shows that less than a sixth of smart phone users have signed up to a digital wallet. just 12% of smartphone owners had signed up to a digital wallet, but an additional 32% were interested in using the service.(mintel, 2016) This presents the issue that the industry currently faces which is how to motivate consumers to alter their current payment behaviour in favour of digitally based methods. Through my proposed research I plan to devise investigate further the implementation of the digital wallet, its benefits, risks and how to speed the shift of opinions towards a cashless future.

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Primary Insights “as more and more people are relying on their digital devices to do everything so I think slowly the idea of using physical currency will die out and everything will be done digitally.�

To begin my primary research on this topic I conducted a short survey to gauge the digital payment landscape amongst my peers and local community on a smaller scale.

I received responses from 47 precipitants, ranging in age from 18 - 64.

96% of which owned smart phones, but only 60% have heard of the term digital wallet, and of these respondents, 28% didn’t know exactly what the term meant, and only one person was signed up to apple pay and the rest had no affiliation with any form of digital wallet.

When asked if they could digital cash taking over in the next 5 years (as predicted by the economist) Responses were varied, some seemed optimistic about the idea, giving statements such as in fig. 7 above Where as others felt that it was less likely, the main reoccurring topic being that the older generations were not fond of change or technology.

Fig.7 & 8 SURVEY RESULTS

What next?

What I have concluded from these responses is that although 38% of respondents had a positive opinion on the change to a cashless society, only 1% had actually adapted that change.

This presents the issue that the industry currently faces which is how to motivate consumers to alter their current payment behaviour in favour of digitally based methods. Through my proposed research I plan to devise investigate further the implementation of the digital wallet, its benefits, risks and how to speed the shift of opinions towards a cashless future.

During the summer I plan to examine this topic further through conduction several primary research investivations, as outlined in the methodology table Figure A in the appendix.

This research will include a focous group, with roughly 5 - 10 participants that fit into my consumer profile.

I also plan to conduct ethnographic research in stores with strongly established digital wallet system, such as starbucks, noting the volume of customers who use this system in the pace of an hour, this investigation could possibly lead to further interviews with subjects who use the system, and also with employees, discussing the effectiveness of the digital wallet.

#15 Fig.9 CONSUMER PROFILE

Consumer PRofile

Our consumer is typical of the millennial generation. She is a digital native, growing up totally immersed in a world of technology, has shaped her identity and created lasting political, social and cultural attitude.

She is an aspiring graphic designer with a flare for interior design. She is a savvy online shopper, asos being her go , she relates to their marketing and pays attention to their editorials,but sometimes nothing beats a good in store endorphin rush, especially during the mid season sales.

Whilst she is enjoying the sales, she always hits Starbucks for an iced coffee, she’s on her third free coffee this year thanks to their fabulous rewards system, she tracks her points through her convenient iphone app.

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Fig.10 BUBELLE DRESS

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Concept 2: GO go Gadget Garment

In relation to the ideas spoken about in my previous proposal, the digitally revolutionised landscape is effecting more aspects of our day to day lives than just our portable devices.

The term wearable technology , (or ‘wearables’ for short) refers to technology that is built into either a wearable device such as a watch, a pair of glasses, an item of jewellery or a garment.

For this proposal I will be focusing on the smart clothing aspect of wearable technology.

Smart clothing has been around for several years, but has yet to fully take hold of the market, but this could all be soon to change as “according to industry analysts, in the near future, wearables will simply be known as ‘clothes’.” (Bell, 2016) In this chapter I’m going to explore the concept of smart clothing. Discussing their background and the early adaptors, the advancements that have been made, and possibilities for the future applications of smart clothing.

The concept of smart clothes have been around since the mid 00’s, but so far consumer expectations have been low. They have been perceived as idyllic projections for the future, or one off flashy

prototypes created by brands to display at trade shows for publicity, and importantly, what they have not been perceived as, is a viable option. According to Caitlin Stewart of marketreasearch.com, there costs were high, and expectations for accuracy were not always met. “Wearable devices held a 30 percent return rate and high product abandonment after six months.” (Stewart. C, 2016) But this industry is soon scheduled to rise into fruition, as “26 million smart garments are expected to ship in 2016.” (Bell, 2016) This sudden progression is due to a multitude of factors, such as: advancements in fabric and sensor technology though major investment from tech giants such as Google, Intel and samsung who have partnered with leaders in the fashion world such as Levis, Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger to create visually stunning, functional garments.

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“Today, digital Jacquard looms can translate digital data into complex woven structures, and the advances in digital technology for knitting, embroidery, or printing enable new processes in the creation of textiles.”

(Seymour. S , 2010 p.172)

Project Jacquard One example of these advances, as seen in the trend impact section of the cartogram (appendix Fig. C) is Google’s Project Jacquard, launched 2015.

This is a project working on developing conductive yarns that can be woven into everyday materials and connected to miniature processors that will fit into a coat button, and is even safe to put through the washing machine.

According to google, This technology is a blank canvas for the fashion industry, enabling designers and developers to join forces.

“Designers can use it as they would any fabric, adding new layers of functionality to their designs, without having to learn about electronics while the developers will be able to connect existing apps and services to Jacquard-enabled clothes and create new features specifically for the platform.” (atap.google.com,

Fig.11 PROJECT JACUARD

Samsung Samsung have also developed a collection of smart wearables which can be seen in the futures section of the cartogram (appendix. Fig. C), featuring their ‘Smart Suit’ joined by the the Welt smart belt and Body Compass 2.0 athletic wear. What is important about the samsung collection, is that they all look and feel like clothes you’d actually wear.(Pachal, 2016) unlike many of the other prototypes by other companies, such as the “PING” social networking garment, that looks like a costume designed for a movie set in the 31st century. (electricfoxxy.com, 2015)

2015)

The first partner google have joined forces with to move into the trend futures category, are Levis.

They are in the process of creating ‘The Levi’s Commuter x Jacquard by Google Trucker Jacket’, which promises to allow its users to answer calls, get directions and play music with the touch of an arm, a tap of a cuff, or a press of a coat button. (wgsn, 2016) The jacket goes into beta testing this autumn and is expect it to go to market in both menswear and womenswear options next spring in in the us, before release here in Europe and Asia later in the year.

Fig.12 SAMSUNG SUIT

#19 Fig.13 CONSUMER PROFILE 2

Consumer PRofile

Our consumer is of the millennial generation. He is a young trendy professional, often considered by his friends an early adaptor of trends, whom they take inspiration from, especially in relation to new technology and fashion brands.

He’s all about quality over quantity, he’d rather make his own coffee than stop for a take away from starbucks or costa. Sustainable design is his forte, bamboo socks and artisanal up cycled furniture. Always plugged into his mobile device, on his lunch break he often reads articles from publications such as GQ, Wired and Mashable.

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Whats NExt The big Hype From analysing gartners ‘emerging technology hype cycle’ we can se that wearable tech is just past its peak of inflated expectations, and is still early of adaption, with an estimated 5-10 years until mainstream adoption.We must consider the social,economical anf ecological climate of this forcasted time to understand what drives our consumer.

Fig.14 GARTNER HYPE CYCLE

From research into the future of this technology and from producing the consumer profile, one of the main questions that has arisen to me is the sustainability of wearable technology.

The consumer of the forcasted time projected by garteners ‘hype cycle’ (fig. 1) is becoming increasingly concerned with sound design of a high quality, that they can incorporate into their proactive, healthy lifestyle rather than fast fashion focussing on micro trends.

Although aspects of wearable technology lend themselves freely to the sustainable movement such as minimal waste producing 3d printing of garments or garments incorporating solar panels, the fact is that the average life span of most portable devices produced by companies such as apple or samsung have a limited life span, according to a question and answer section published on Apple’s site, outlining the company’s environmental targets, Apple estimates the life expectancy for various devices under their first owner, along with the amount of greenhouse gases they are expected to contribute in that time, Apple has revealed that it expects users will replace their iPhone after just three years. (McGoogan, 2016)

Primary Research For my primary research, I’m in the process of conducting a survey but unfortunately have not received a sufficient number of respondents to analyse the data, questions included in appendix (fig.d) During the summer I plan to interview Sarah McDaid, System and user interface development specialist former lecturer at UAL with whom i had organised an interview to include in this report, but unfortunately she had to reschedule to a later date. I have also contacted the creators of the blog electricfoxxy.com, requesting a written interview.

I also plan to carry out a focus group with a sample of 5-10 participants aged 20-40, mid-high income professionals, who would be within the target market for wearable technology.

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Conclusion To conclude, Key points from my two concepts focus on our societies quickly evolving technological landscape, and how we must evolve as a culture in order to keep up with this change.

As both of these concepts are relevant and topical subjects within the field of innovative technologies, I look forward to delving into further investigation on them.

As they are both in the early stages of the innovation cycle, it will be incredibly interesting to see the inevitable advancements that are made over the course of my research over the summer.

As I continue to gain a wider spectrum of understanding in both of these fields, I am sure that i will develop a stronger viewpoint and opinions that will enable me to refine my dissertation question to be more tailored to fit through the fcp lens.

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ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 MC LAUGHLIN, R. (2016) .OWN IMAGE. MONKEY PHOTOGRAPH [PHOTOGRAPHY]. .

Fig. 2 Marilyn Vos Savant (2016) Available at: http://top10for.com/ wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Most-Intelligent-People-in-the-World1. jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 3 MC LAUGHLIN (2016b) FCP TRIANGLE .

Fig. 4 PUTLAND, M. (1970) FRANK ZAPPA Available at: http:// michaelputland.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Zappa-12281500x1000.jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 5 Anthony, N. (2012) Big Money Available at: http:// nicolaanthony.squarespace.com/storage/post-images/IMG_4418.jpg?__ SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1342016008706 (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Fig. 6 Digital Wallet (2015) Available at: http://latd.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/passbook.jpg (Accessed: 30 May 2016).

Fig. 7 BALLBEN (2015) MINTEL INFOGRAPHIC Available at: http:// http://academic.mintel.com/download/pdf/report_infographic/747972/, http:// (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 8 MC LAUGHLIN (2016c). OWN IMAGE. SURVEY RESULTS [INFOGRAPH]. .

Fig. 9 MC LAUGHLIN (2016a) CONSUMER PROFILE .

Fig. 10 Prossnitz, L. (2013) Bubelle-Blushing Dress Available at: http://www.web2carz.com/images/articles/201311/bubelle_ dress_1384889817_300x400.jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 11 GOOGLE (2015a) jacquard technology Available at: http:// cdn.androidcommunity.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Google-LevisProject-Jacquard-smart-fabric-3.jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 12 Samsung (2015b) Samsung suit Available at: http://o.aolcdn. com/hss/storage/midas/3ddf373ceb4357f66d6e74e0fc0e405f/203237072/ Samsung+booth+fullbleed.jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Fig. 13 MC LAUGHLIN (2016a) CONSUMER PROFILE .

Fig. 14 gartner (2015c) Hype Cycles Emerging Technologies 2015 Available at: http://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/newsroom/images/HC_ ET_2014.jpg (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

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REFERENCES WGSN (2015) MOBILE PAYMENTS & DIGITAL WALLETS: UK UPDATE. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/ content/board_viewer/#/59881/page/1 (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

WGSN (2016) LOCKING IN THE CUSTOMER VIA MOBILE WALLETS. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_ viewer/#/65189/page/1 (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

Ballaben, S. (2016) Digital trends spring - UK - march 2016. Available at: http://academic.mintel.com/ display/747972/ (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Bell, A. (2016) The Buzz - Smart Clothes. Available at: https:// www.wgsn.com/content/board_ viewer/#/63967/page/2 (Accessed: 21 May 2016).

Casey, M.J. (2015) Bitcoin and the digital-currency revolution.

Available at: http://www.wsj.com/ articles/the-revolutionary-powerof-digital-currency-1422035061 (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Dietz, M., Khanna, S. and Olanrewaju, T. (2016) Cutting through the noise around financial technology. Available at: http:// www.mckinsey.com/industries/ financial-services/our-insights/ cutting-through-the-noise-aroundfinancial-technology (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Doobay, D. (2013) Ashurst / publications / pay-buy-mobile – NFC coming to a store near you (Communicati. Available at: https:// www.ashurst.com/publication-item. aspx?id_Content=6087 (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

McGoogan, C. (2016) Apple expects iPhone owners to replace their phones every three years. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ technology/2016/04/15/its-confirmed-

your-iphone-has-a-limited-lifespansays-apple/ (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Ofcom (2016) Facts & figures Communications market report.

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Pachal, P. (2016) Samsung’s smart clothes are wearables you’d actually wear. Available at: http://mashable. com/2016/01/09/samsung-smartfashion/#d8FUbHOd_iqC (Accessed: 17 May 2016).

Parker, T. (2015) Footer primary UK. Available at: http://www.worldpay. com/uk/about/media-centre/2015-05/ contactless-is-king-as-worldpaytransactions-soar-past-2-billion (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Ping (2014) Available at: http:// www.electricfoxy.com/ping (Accessed: 18 May 2016).

Rajgopal, K. (2016) The future of digital wallets. Available at: https://www.theclearinghouse.org/ publications/2015/2015-q3-bankingperspective/future-of-digitalwallets (Accessed: 1 May 2016).

Raymond, M. (2010) The trend forecaster’s handbook. London: Laurence King Publishing.

Rouse, L. (2011) What is digital wallet? - definition from WhatIs. Com. Available at: http://whatis. techtarget.com/definition/digitalwallet (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Stewart, C. (2016) The market for smart clothing and textiles.

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technology (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

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Harrison, V. (2015) This could be the first country to go cashless. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/02/ technology/cashless-society-denmark/ (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

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McGoogan, C. (2016) Apple expects iPhone owners to replace their phones every three years. Available at: http://www. telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/04/15/ its-confirmed-your-iphone-has-a-limitedlifespan-says-apple/ (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Mowers, D. (2016) Cashless society war Intensifies during global Epocalypse.

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Ofcom (2016) Facts & figures Communications market report. Available at: http://media.ofcom.org.uk/facts/ (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

Pachal, P. (2016) Samsung’s smart clothes are wearables you’d actually wear. Available at: http://mashable. com/2016/01/09/samsung-smartfashion/#d8FUbHOd_iqC (Accessed: 17 May 2016).

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Bibliography Parker, T. (2015) Footer primary UK. Available at: http://www.worldpay. com/uk/about/media-centre/2015-05/ contactless-is-king-as-worldpaytransactions-soar-past-2-billion (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Philips, S. (2016) Digital wallets: Barclays partners with Circle money transfer app. Available at: http://academic.mintel.com/ display/771021/?highlight (Accessed: 20 May 2016).

Ping (2014) Available at: http://www. electricfoxy.com/ping (Accessed: 18 May 2016).

Posner, H. (2011) Marketing fashion.

London: Laurence King Pub. Profis, S. (2014) Everything you need to know about NFC and mobile payments.

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Rajgopal, K. (2016) The future of digital wallets. Available at: https://www.theclearinghouse.org/ publications/2015/2015-q3-bankingperspective/future-of-digital-wallets (Accessed: 1 May 2016).

Rampell, A. (2016) Why your wallet is becoming the next platform. Available at: http://techcrunch.com/2016/04/24/ why-your-wallet-is-becoming-the-nextplatform/ (Accessed: 14 May 2016).

Raymond, M. (2010) The trend forecaster’s handbook. London: Laurence King Publishing.

Rouse, L. (2011) What is digital wallet?

- definition from WhatIs.Com. Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/ definition/digital-wallet (Accessed: 16 May 2016).

Seymour, S. (2010) Functional aesthetics: Visions in fashionable technology. Austria: Springer Verlag GmbH. Statt, N. (2015) Google wallet relaunches as a Venmo and square cash rival. Available at: http://www. theverge.com/2015/9/9/9298845/googlewallet-relaunch-android-pay (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

Stewart, C. (2016) The market for smart clothing and textiles. Available at: http://blog.marketresearch.com/ the-market-for-smart-garments-andtextiles?utm_campaign=2016_01%20 Industry%20Updates&utm_medium=Press%20 Release&utm_source=PRNewswire (Accessed: 18 May 2016).

Stone, Z. (2011) Ten high tech fashion designers to watch. Available at: http://www.chipchick.com/2011-02-techfashion.php (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Walker, R. (2015) Fashion’s big brands follow the money to join the wearable tech revolution. Available at: https:// www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/ feb/14/fashion-phones-wearabletechnology (Accessed: 19 May 2016). wgsn (2016b) Project Jacquard. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/news/?p=1305661 (Accessed: 19 May 2016).

Wolff, M., Partners, M.V. and Contributors, I. (2014) Digital wallets: End of the beginning or beginning of the end? Available at: http://www.wired.com/ insights/2015/02/digital-wallets-end-ofthe-beginning-or-beginning-of-the-end/ (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

Citations, Quotes & Annotations WGSN (2015a) MOBILE PAYMENTS & DIGITAL WALLETS: UK UPDATE. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/content/board_ viewer/#/59881/page/1 (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

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(2016a) arenamedia (2014) The future of fashion: High street style is getting high-tech - arena UK. Available at: http://www. arenamedia.co.uk/the-future-of-fashionhigh-street-style-is-getting-high-tech/ (Accessed: 27 May 2016).

(2014) Ballaben, S. (2016) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DIGITAL TRENDS SPRING UK, MARCH 2016.

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(Ballaben, 2016) BBC (2009) S Korea ready to hang up on cash. Available at: http://news. bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7882229.stm (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

(BBC, 2009) Bell, A. (2015) The Buzz – Cool Currency. Available at: https://www. wgsn.com/content/board_viewer/#/62971/ page/1 (Accessed: 15 May 2016).

(Bell, 2015) Bell, A. (2016) The Buzz - Smart Clothes. Available at: https://www.wgsn. com/content/board_viewer/#/63967/page/2

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Bibliography Profis, S. (2014) Everything you need to know about NFC and mobile payments.

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(Profis, 2014) Rajgopal, K. (2016) The future of digital wallets. Available at: https://www.theclearinghouse.org/ publications/2015/2015-q3-bankingperspective/future-of-digital-wallets (Accessed: 1 May 2016).

(Rajgopal, 2016) Rampell, A. (2016) Why your wallet is becoming the next platform. Available at: http://techcrunch.com/2016/04/24/ why-your-wallet-is-becoming-the-nextplatform/ (Accessed: 14 May 2016).

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Austria: Springer Verlag GmbH. (Seymour, 2010) Statt, N. (2015) Google wallet relaunches as a Venmo and square cash rival.

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(Wolff, Partners, and Contributors, 2014)

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Appendix A. Methodology Research Method Survey (Digital Wallets)

Sample 47

Survey (wearable tecnology)

Purpose

Streng

Examine individuals attitudes,beliefs and knowledge on the topic of e-commerse and digital wallets.

Valid, timely, relevant s Direct consumer insight i audience, realible figures

Gague potential target consumers awareness and oppinion on the applications of wearable technology

Real-time relevant inform designed and tailored to matter and gain accurate quantative research metho

Ethographic (Digital Wallets)

50

To observe current transaction habits of consumers in starbucks whos digital payment & loyality system is firmly in place, & possibly leading to a short interview with customers as they enjoy their coffee.

This ethnographic method efficiencey and mass of th the digital wallet system lead to a more indepth di customers who have adapte

Focous group

5-10

To investigate and discuss ideas relating to the topic

People may feel more comf setting, conversation may insights and oppinions.

Interviews

1-10

To gain relevant insight into the oppinions, knowledge and mindset of relevant persons to each topic.

If chosen correctly, inte provide valuable insight speciality and may shed n or give an insightful alt

gths

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Appendix Weaknesses

Outcomes

statistics. into the target s due to sample size.

Answers may be impared due to lack of knowledge on the subject. surveys only allow limited information to be gathered.

The survey demonstrateda a range of oppinions and practices differing through specific age ranges, supports theroy of e-wallet marketing issue.

mation, spesifically suit the subject results. effective od.

Closed questioning can lead to unintentionally prompted answers. Cannot guarntee participants full attentiton or engagement.

N/A

will demonstrate the he current use of m, And may possibly iscussion with some ed this technology.

Observation may be restricted by establish- N/A ment or lack of digital wallet users in attendance.

fortable in this y entice further

There is the possibility that one person N/A may dominate the focous group and the other participitiants may follow suit.

erviewees may into their topic of new light on an idea teriar viewpoint.

Onsided oppinion based information will not N/A always hold merit or be a valued sourse.

of ion nt C gy e F inv N olo hn tec

of ion nt D g e inv 3 ntin i Pr

ic lta n vo ntio o t o ve Ph ll in ce

Trend Innovators

ic let th irt” t a sh iF rs art m “s

e 3d mad is c s es ran ti r D y F on b Bit

umers Cons ning grow for need nce inie conv

e nc le ta b or aina p im ust rgy s e of en

Trend Drivers

ed ialis ec rts g o nin p s io it nd co sp

Go ‘pr ogle jac ojec s qa t rd’

Solar clothing line

Trend Impact

wearable spesific vendors

Health & fitness wearables

rk

r sola ear w Wo

Trend Consequences

intergrated fitness tracking

google + Levis

Su sta sm ina clo art ble thi ng

Trend Futures

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Appendix

g un ms rt Sa sma et k jac

Charles Walton

?

Walton Invented the basis of “NFC” technology in 1983, that was the basis of all wireless

hi Satos oto m Naka

The alias of the unknown person or group of persons who invented bitcoun/ blockchain

c Re

n 8 ‘0 ssio e

Barclaycard Introduced the first contactless card into the uk in 2008

pal Pay Bay + e 02 20

and chip Uk ’04 pin

a ore thK Sou 09 In 2009 All south 20 Koreas banks agreed on a nation wide standard for mobile banking.

Trend Drivers

ing ard Bo ses + pas ality Loy rds ca

+ pay ple Ap sung Sam allet w

llet wa gle h o o c G laun Re

Trend Impact

ial s Soc rencie Cur

Trend Consequences pe r & sona loy lisa alit tion y An tex gela fro tiles Math m ma is ca de sh

Trend Innovators

d lize ba cey Glo rren Cu

f e o tary Ris one es i n-m nc no urra c

d ne m li ea str tore nce ins peria ex

rity ents cu se cem n va ad

Trend Futures

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Appendix

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Appendix

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Appendix

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Appendix

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Appendix

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Appendix

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Appendix