Trend Prive Magazine - NO.37, VOL.3

TREND PRIVÉ MAGAZINE TrendPriveMagazine.com Issue #37- VOL.3

Addictions Issue

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Founder Catalina Magee CO-OWNER GERARD W. MAGEE Jr. PERFORMANCE MARKETING MANAGER GarretT Mitchell ZIA REHMAN AWAIS

G R A P HI C catalina magee Loura Alemrany

Seniors Adriana DEGIORGI CEO`s Personal Assistant Corinna Schaub Cover Creative Director

editors rachelle david Fashion Director raegan melfe Fashion & Lifestyle Editor

RAZVAN FERIGEANU PR - International

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Erin Schweinsberg Print Senior Beauty Editor

Paige Gilmar Humanitarian Editor

Arnel Ian Dela Gente Senior Runway Photographer- Paris

cheyenne harris Lifestyle & Fashion Intern

C O NTRIBUT O R S Merilee Kern Myra Postolache Sara Rosenthal Veronica Felipe annie Burke Christopher Lawson Eric Millisor samantha bergeson

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Dear TPM Readers, Although I sold Trend Prive Magazine on June 18th, 2019, I am officially saying “Good-bye” to this “first baby”!

I have faith that TPM’s new ownership will hire responsible individuals that will represent TPM well, and treat it as a professional business.

I pray that TPM’s core values will remain transparent and with integrity.

I hope of all our hard work and sleepless years will show for many years to come.

I chose to end my time here for many reasons, but the reason why I`m ending it with an “Addictions” Issue, is because today I am celebrating two and a half years of being smoke-free. This has been the hardest battle, and God knows, I`ve been through some really rough ones.

Winning this has given me the most confidence. I am hoping that this issue will inspire and bring hope to those fighting their “demons”.

Wishing TPM a long, successful journey.

Wishing you all many blessings.

Love,

Catalina Magee

I N T H I S I SS U E #37

What is an addiction?

In terv iew w ith Rom a nia n Celebr it y, Delia How to Help?

Nat iona l Pr e v e n t ion C a m pa ign – Su b sta nc e Use & A buse Understanding Drug Addiction Understanding Alcohol Addiction Understanding Gambling Addiction Understanding Sex Addiction “Midsummer Dream” by Ara Coutts Understanding Work Addiction Understanding Coffee Addiction Understanding Food Addiction “ T o day `s M e n u ” b y D o r o t a P o r ę b s k a Understanding Social Media Addiction

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W H AT I S A N A D D I C T I O N ?

Addiction

What? Why?

Photo by freestocks.org

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Photo by Photo by JOSHUA COLEMAN

Addiction: what it is and how to combat it?

See, no one ever sets out to become an addict. But it happens anyway.

The first time you smoked that cigarette or sniffed that drug, you simply wanted to know what it feels like. Or you wanted to forget that hurt so bad.

Maybe it felt so good, maybe it didn’t.But it certainly felt like something you could try again. Then you upgrade to once in a while.And once in a while becomes every time. Until you recognize that thebehavior is affecting the things you care about and you cannot continue towing the dangerous line. All along, you’re thinking you have it all together. That you can simply take a U-turn whenever you decide to. Butwhen you eventually try, you’re surprised at how difficult it is to stop.That is when it dawns on you that you’re probably addicted.

What is addiction?

Addiction is a problem that is as common as it is complex. It’s a phenomenon that is better explained than defined. A lot of people think addiction is a manifestation of “personal weakness, initiated for self-gratification and continued because of an unwillingness or lack of sufficient will power to stop.” However the scientific and medical communities have come to the understanding that indulging in potentially addictive activities is more about escaping physical or emotional pain.Self-discipline or willpower plays only a minor role, if any at all.

The syndrome model of addiction For a long time, the general assumption was that there are different types of addiction, fuelled by different substances or behaviors. But many addiction experts no longer subscribe to this view. New knowledge has shown that there is an addiction disorder and the disorder can have multiple expressions in different people. For some, the expression may be in the form of psychoactive substances while for others, it’s in the form of behaviors such as shopping, gambling, exercising, etc. The implication of this model is that the object of addiction is not as important as the disorder itself. The object only serves to fuel the disorder. Research into the brain has shown that all addictive substances or behaviors interact with our pleasure centers in the same manner. This is responsible for the similarities in the manifestation and progression of an addictive disorder. Importantly, it could be the key to combatting the disorder.

Photo by JOSHUA COLEMAN

How do you combat addiction?

There is no straight answer to this question.Combatting addiction is a gradual and often harrowing process.It starts with the realization that the implicated substance or behavior is doing more harm than good.

Many people have been able to overcome addiction by transforming this realization into action. However, quite a number of people have not been that lucky. It doesn’t mean they are weaker than others, it simply means they need more help. The help may come from a social network such as asupport group or from therapy- drugs and/or behavioral. Relapse is a common occurrence in many victims of addictive disorder. You successfully stay off for a bit and think you’re fine. And then bang! You go back again and all the progress you have made vanishes. This could leave you frustrated and helpless. But it shouldn’t be the end of the road. Overcoming addiction could require many attempts and every experience should be considered a learning curve. Whatever is responsible, the good news is that addiction is treatable. A lot of people have escaped the dungeons of addiction and they’re celebrating years of sobriety. The journey may the arduous, the road may be long and twisted, but there is hope. And that’s the most important thing an addict needs to hear.

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DELIA Artist Delia Matache Photo Bogdan Petrice Styling Hilke Muslim Hairstyle Sorin Stratulat Makeup Alexandru Abagiu Florist Nicu Bocancea - Iris Flowers Shop PR Monica Munteanu

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We are honored to have you on the cover of our “Addictions” issue. This is also the last issue published under Catalina Magee`s ownership; therefore, it is a very special issue to us.

Tell us something about you. What age were you when you decided that you wanted to become a singer?

Delia: Life has brought me to the point I am today. I really felt that it was what I had to do. It all came to together and to fruition.

Who inspired or influenced you the most and how?

Delia: Inspiration is given to me from everything I live and experience. Travels ... love ... people...

We`re informed that you love classical music. Who is your favorite musician?

You`re very fashionable. Who is your favorite designer of all times?

Delia: Margiela, Ashish, Manish Arora..

If you could meet anyone (dead or alive), who would it be and why?

Delia: Jesus. I`d ask Him if there is any truth in everything that is said these days.

If you could change one thing with the world, what would it be and why?

Delia: I would change the stupid way in which man was taught to think, which is as a species of a race. I would make him less greedy and less selfish.

Are there any global issues you`d like to see end?

Delia: Yes. Global warming.

Delia: I don`t necessarily love classical music ... but I studied it quite a lot during high school, at Dinu Lipatti. I`ve studied Mozart and Bach, and somehow I they get me nostalgic.

Do you have a favorite humanitarian cause or organization? Which one and why?

What was the best and worst phase in this career journey?

How do you think you`re contributing to a better world, or inspiring the young generations to do and be better?

Delia: I don`t remember going through a moment that was extremely difficult. Of course, not everything is always great, but this can be a source of inspiration to me. The moments that are not necessarily great, something feed my creativity.

Delia: Greta Thunberg.

Delia: I do not know if I am a great example for it, but I think that by being true and responsible, I can influence somehow. I think they can learn to be more relaxed, to love themselves more, and not worry about fitting in or those types of clichés.

They can learn to just be free spirited.

Have you ever considered acting as well?

If yes, what genre of movies would you play a role in?

As for our “Addictions” issue, how do you think we can help the young generations quit their vices?

Delia: Yes, that thought crossed my mind and it’s in the plan. I`d like to play the role of a person with mental problems. I don`t know why.

Delia: My only vice is smoking. I’m not a good example.

What`s your all-time favorite movie?

What about actor and actress?

Delia: “Gravity”...Anthony Hopkins and Meryl Streep.

Anything you`d change about yourself, your life right now?

Delia: I would like if nobody knew me. For nobody to know who I am.

Are there any tips to success that you`d recommend?

Delia: I do not give tips, but I can advise to just be creative! It`s the only thing that differentiate us from being robots.

Much thank you to: Interview by Razvan Ferigeanu Interview Coordinator: Bogdan Petrice Interview translation by Adriana DeGiorgi

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HOW TO HELP?

Help!

Your road

Understand it is hard to

quit

Photo by Simon Migaj

“It’s your road and yours alone. Others may walk it with you, but no one can walk it for you.”

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How to help a quitter Watching a loved one smoke their lives away could be a painful sight. Considering the dangers inherent in smoking, you know it’s only a matter of time before the lifestyle takes its toll. But there seems to be very little you can do to help.

You might have tried talking them out of it, or even encouraged them to consider therapy, but all your efforts seem to yield little result.

You should know you’re not alone in this struggle. There are a thousand and one friends, family members, colleagues or better halves, who like you, are trying to help their loved one quit smoking.

Although quitting is a hard and long process, having a good support system makes the journey easier. This should tell you that giving up is not an option. The more active you are on that journey, the higher the chances that your loved one would give up cigarettes for good. Below are a few ways through which you can help a quitter.

Realize that the decision is theirs It doesn’t matter how badly you want them to quit, they won’t quit except they want to. While this may seem hard to swallow, it’s the bitter truth about quitting smoking, or any other form of addiction. There must be an element of selfishness about the decision because the addict has to believe quitting would benefit them more than anyone else. If they quit smoking for your sake, there is a high chance they’ll suffer a relapse in no time at all. The famous Rumi’s quote best captures this; “It’s your road and yours alone. Others may walk it with you but no one can walk it for you.”

Understand it’s hard to quit Smoking is more than your regular bad habit. It’s an addictive disorder and the implication is that the victim is unable to control the impulse to smoke. Even if they decide to quit, you should understand that they’ll struggle for a few months, or even years. Often, they’ll need more than one attempt to quit successfully. When you understand this, you’re likely to put less pressure on them and support them to quit at their own pace.

Listen and show that you care There is a high chance that deep down, that smoker knows as well as you do that smoking is bad for their health. So, this is not a period for lectures. Take time to listen to what they have to say and show them that you care. Realize they’re the main actor in this movie and you’re only a supporting cast. When you try to lecture them or boss them around, you’re only likely to build resentment.

Show them a better way Part of showing that you care is offering distractions, helping them plan activities they can do aside smoking. It could be going to the movies, taking a walk or hanging out with other friends. This step is simply about showing them another way to deal with stress and forget life’s worries. While you do this, it’s important to remember that different people have different triggers. Wherever possible, you should help your loved one avoid the trigger, especially at the early stage of the quitting journey.

Celebrate their successes Recognizing important milestones on the journey provides some confidence boost. Did they stay smoke-free for a day, or perhaps a week? How about one month, six months or one year? You can send flowers or buy a gift for every milestone. It’s simply a way of reminding them you are around to cheer them, every step of the way.

Remember, putting down the cigarette is not as hard as staying off it. Smokers that are trying to quit feel very strong cravings and a good number of them start smoking again. Understand that this isn’t a result of indiscipline or a lack of will.

As long as you’re sure they’re fighting hard, let them know that every attempt is a giant step in the right direction. And every slip would only make the next try a tad bit easier. Let them know you are around for the long haul. For your continued support could be all the motivation they need.

Photo by Chester Wade

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NATIONAL PREVENTION WEEK CAMPAIGN 2019 FOR MORE, PLEASE JOIN @HUMANITYVIP ON INSTAGRAM

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Thank you, Dallas.

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Thank you, William Toth.

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Understanding Drug Addiction and How to Help

Drugs

Photo by Thomas Bjornstad

It’s easy to think drug addicts remain addicted, because they are morally bankrupt or lack the willpower to stay off drugs. However, this is far from the truth.

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Understanding drug addiction and how to help It’s easy to think drug addicts remain addicted because they are morally bankrupt or lack the willpower to stay off drugs. However, this is far from the truth. Drug addiction is a complex, chronic disease and those fighting to stay off drugs are some of the strongest people around.

Unfortunately, drugs cause some changes in the brain that make it very hard to quit.

The affected individuals find it impossible to control the impulse to take drugs despite being fully aware of the harmful consequences. At that stage, willpower or good intentions would most likely prove insufficient.

What goes on in the brain of drug addicts?

Drugs and other addictive substances or behaviors affect the brain’s reward system. The first time you take an addictive drug, it floods your brain with dopamine and some other ‘feel good’ chemicals. These chemicals are responsible for the euphoria and the general pleasure you feel after taking the drugs.

The problem is that the brain reward’s system is wired to motivate you to repeat the behaviors that activate it, even if that behavior is unhealthy.

As you continue to use drugs, your reward system starts to tolerate the drug. Soon, the euphoria you feel decreases and you’d need more drug to achieve the same feeling. At some point, you might need an entirely different albeit stronger substance.

Due to the changes in the brain, the activities you once considered pleasurable such as eating, recreation, or sex would no longer be able to activate your reward system.

The result is that you become entirely dependent on that drug for pleasure and you’re unable to stop taking the drug.

All the while, the drug is messing with important brain areas that coordinate activities such as learning, decision-making, memory, behavior, etc.

What are some of the signs of drug addiction?

If you or anyone you know shows any of the following warning signs, you should suspect drug addiction.

• Feeling an almost permanent urge to use the drug Photo by Jaroslav Devia

• Being unable to function properly without using the drug • Always having the drug around and striving to buy it even when you can’t afford it • Taking more drugs that you want to • Feeling sick whenever you’re off the drugs, whether inevitably or intentionally • Using the drug even at the detriment of your relationship or work Is drug addiction curable?

You could think of drug addiction like you would asthma or diabetes. In theory, it’s not exactly curable. However, there are treatments that can help you manage the disease. Even if your drug-seeking behavior is well under control, there is always a risk of relapse. Thus, the journey of sobriety is a lifelong one. And while there may be bumps on the road, staying on course for the rest of your life is an achievable feat.

What are the available treatment options?

While a few people are able to overcome drug addiction on their own, a lot of drug addicts require external help.

The following are some of the treatment options that have proved successful in the management of drug addiction: • Therapy: Behavioral therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy • Medications • Medical devices or applications for treating withdrawal symptoms • Treating co-occurring mental health issues • Long-term monitoring and follow-up to prevent relapse If you think you or anyone you know might be addicted to a drug, it is important to seek help early from a mental health professional. They would discuss the available treatment options with you and decide the one(s) that best suit your condition.

References 1. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Available at https://www. drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approachesdrug-addiction 2. WebMD, What is drug addiction? Available at https:// www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/drug-abuseaddiction#1 Trend Privé Magazine 37

Understanding Alcohol Addiction

Alcoh ol Addic tion

Photo by Erik Mclean Also known as alcoholism, alcohol addiction is one of the most common addictions in America.Every year,more than 88,000 people lose their lives directly or indirectly to alcohol,making it the second most preventable cause of death in the country.

Globally, the death toll soars to 3.3 million. Like all other expressions of addiction disorder,alcoholism causes changes in the brain and personality of the affected person.

Photo by Rachael Henning

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Photo by Thư Anh

The legal status of alcohol and the fact that it’s a socially acceptable commodity could make alcohol addiction more difficult to recognize. And probably more difficult to treat. However, this is not to say it is untreatable. A lot of people have recovered from alcohol addiction, either on their own or with the help of therapy.

The key statistics • The average adult drinks 6.2 liters of pure alcohol every year. Only about 38% of adults drink, implying that the average consumer drinks about 17 liters every year.

• In a 2015 survey, over 65 million American adults admitted binge drinking in the past month • In 2014, alcohol-impaired driving accounted for more than 30% of all driving fatalities • More than 15 million Americans have an alcohol use disorder • More than 10% of children in the United States live with parents who have an alcohol use disorder How do you identify alcohol addiction?

As mentioned earlier, drinking is a social norm and this could make denying alcohol addiction easy. It’s hard to tell at a glance if someone simply likes to enjoy a few pints of beer or if they have a drinking problem. However, the following are some pointers that may help identify someone with an alcohol addiction problem: • Ability to consume large quantities of alcohol without experiencing a hangover • Increased frequency or quantity of use • Taking alcohol at times or places you would normally consider inappropriate • Hiding alcohol or preferring to drink in secret • Refusing to talk about the potential problem or getting angry whenever the topic comes up • Experiencing challenges at home or at work due to drinking • Difficulty bonding with people who do not drink • Inability to function well without alcohol • Inability to stop drinking even at the expense of a worsening health An addiction disorder is likely to get worse over time. This is why it is important to recognize the early warning signs and seek help.

Although alcoholism, at any stage, is treatable, early treatment increases the chances of beating the disease. Importantly, it could be key to avoiding the numerous health complications that come with the disease.

What are the available treatment options?

If you think you or anyone you know is addicted to alcohol, it is important to seek help as early as possible. The first step is recognizing there is a problem and deciding you want to get sober. Sad as it is, the decision cannot be forced. No treatment plan can be successful if the person with alcohol addiction does not want to get sober.

While some people are able to achieve sobriety without professional help, quite a number of people with alcohol addiction have not been so lucky. It is imperative to note that this is not a question of desire or willpower. Alcohol addiction is capable of causing changes in the brain that may take a while to reverse. The following are some of the common treatment options: Psychotherapy and rehabilitation A rehabilitation program may take place in an outpatient or inpatient setting. Rehabilitation programs usually feature numerous psychotherapy sessions that are channeled towards helping the addicted individual overcome alcohol dependence and cope with the withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient programs are necessary for addicts who require strict monitoring. The program may last up to a year or more in extreme cases.

Support groups A typical alcohol support group would comprise former addicts and fellow strugglers who come together to help people recover from alcohol dependency. Support groups usually hold group sessions and encourage members to lean on each other on their journey towards sobriety.

Other treatment options that can be explored include drug therapy and nutritional changes.

Recovering from alcohol addiction is a lifetime journey. Many people on the sobriety journey admit that getting off alcohol is only the first step. Staying sober is perhaps more difficult, but is still very possible. Even if you experience a relapse, it is not reason enough to give up. There’s always room to pick yourself up and continue fighting.

References • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

• World Health Organization (WHO). Alcohol. 2015. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs349/en • CDC - Fact Sheets-Alcohol Use and Health - Alcohol.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Jan. 2018.

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Understanding Gambling Addiction and How to Help.

Gambling Addiction

help, help help ...

You first think that occasionally indulging in gambling, is a great avenue for easing stress and promoting social bonding. That is how it all starts!

Photo by Kay

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Photo by Keenan Constance

If you are, however, finding it difficult to control the impulse to gamble, you might have a gambling problem or addiction.

What is gambling addiction and problem gambling?

Gambling addiction is often confused with problem gambling. The National Council on Problem Gambling defines problem gambling as, “Gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life: psychological, physical, social or vocational.” Problem gambling is not necessarily an addiction disorder. Gambling addiction, on the other hand, is an impulse control disorder. It’s a severe form of problem gambling where the affected individual gambles compulsively even when it comes at a great cost. It follows that all gambling addicts have a gambling problem but not all problem gamblers have a gambling addiction.

Key statistics • About 15 out of every 100 Americans gamble at least once a week • About 7 million Americans meet the criteria for problem gambling • About 6% of college students have a gambling problem • People who start gambling early are at greater risk of developing a gambling problem. More than 40% of those with a gambling problem started gambling before their 17th birthday • The cost associated with gambling problem is estimated at $17 billion annually What are the symptoms of gambling addiction Unlike alcohol and drug addiction, gambling addiction may be much more difficult to notice because it comes with zero physical signs. Often, gambling addicts live in denial, refusing to face the problem themselves and hiding it from their loved ones. The following are some signs that should make you suspect a gambling problem • Gambling even when you are broke • Having trouble controlling the impulse to gamble even when you want to stop • Hiding your gambling behavior or gambling in secret • Feeling irritable whenever you think about stopping or cutting down on gambling • Gambling to relieve sadness or escape problems • Believing gambling is the only way you can win back your lost money If left unattended, a gambling problem could result in serious complications such as relationship, financial, and legal problems. You should also know that there is a close association between gambling addiction and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety disorder. A lot of gambling addicts are also known to have suicidal thoughts and some of them end up attempting suicide. It is important to seek help early if you think you or anyone you know is a gambling addict.

What are the available treatment options Like all other expressions of addiction disorder, the first component of treatment is admitting there is a problem. While gambling addiction could be difficult to treat, a lot of progress would already be made once the addict admits there is a problem. The following are the common treatment options for people with problem gambling.

• Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy can help you identify the gambling triggers in the hopes of replacing them with healthy and positive coping skills. Therapy may involve an outpatient tor inpatient program depending on the severity.

• Medications: Because gambling addiction induces pathological changes in the brain and neurochemistry, some gambling addicts may need medications to help them overcome the problem.

• Support groups: Talking with other people who have a problem and those who have been able to overcome the problem might help the treatment process.

Even after successful treatment, the possibility of relapse can never be eliminated. That is why treatment for an addiction disorder is considered a lifetime process. Having a relapse doesn’t make you weak or indiscipline. It only means you need to try harder and listen to your mental health specialist the more. Whatever happens, you must continually strive to do better and stick to the path of sobriety.

References 1. What Is Problem Gambling? – Key differences between recreational gambling and problem gambling. (British Columbia Responsible & Problem Gambling Program). Available at https://www.bcresponsiblegambling.ca/problem-gambling/what-problem-gambling 2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

3. Van Holst, R.J., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D.J., & Goudriaan, A.E. (2010). Brain Imaging Studies in Pathological Gambling.

Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(5), 418-425.

4. Karen F., Gambling Addiction Statistics. Available at https://addiction.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Gambling_and_Addiction_in_Las_Vegas_ Interview

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SEX ADDICTION

Sexual Addiction Photo by MR WONG

Let’s talk about Sexual Addiction In many circles, talking about sex is hard enough.

One can only imagine how difficult it would be to talk about sexual addiction.

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If anything, our reluctance to discuss an issue that affects up to 30 million Americans points at hypocrisy. Whether we like it or not, sexual addiction is real and it may not be as far away as you think. The only way to demystify the topic and possibly help those that may be affected by sexual addiction is by improving our knowledge on the topic.

What is sexual addiction?

Sexual addiction is one of the many presentations of addictive disorder. It involves an abnormal and compulsive obsession with sex or sexual activities that may affect an individual’s personal life, social life, work, relationships or finance. Like any other presentation of addictive disorder, the victims are unable to stop even when they make genuine efforts to.

Many experts prefer using the term ‘hypersexual disorder’ when describing sexual addiction. This is because there are no known diagnostic parameters for the disorder and its similarities with other types of addiction remain unclear.

However, there is no denying that it’s a real problem that affects a huge number of people.

Symptoms of sexual addiction Sexual addiction can manifest in a wide range of behaviors or activities, making it even more difficult to diagnose. Some of the common symptoms that may suggest sexual addiction include • Intense sexual urges that are difficult to control • Engaging in risky sexual behavior such as one-night stands, multiple sexual partners, etc • Compulsive masturbation • An inability to respect boundaries when it comes to satisfying sexual urge • Feeling of guilt or shame after every sexual encounter • Prioritizing sexual satisfaction over everything else, including work, family, relationships, etc.

• Failed attempts at controlling or stopping the behavior • Some people may experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to stop the behavior

What are some of the treatment options for sexual addiction?

More research is still needed to determine the treatment options that work best for sexual addiction. The current mainstay of treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy.

This may take place in an inpatient or outpatient setting.

Additionally, self-help programs and support groups are also known to help addicts on their journey to sobriety. Physicians may also recommend drugs that may decrease sexual urge or drugs used in the treatment of OCD. Overcoming sexual addiction could be a difficult process but it’s very possible. As long as the addict is willing to give up the behavior, a proper treatment program and a good support system would work wonders.

References 1. Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377–400. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/19937105 2. Carnes, P. J. (2001). Out of the Shadows: Understanding Sexual Addiction. (3rd ed.). Center City, MN: Hazelden.

3. Hagedorn, W. B., & Juhnke, G. A. (2005). Treating the sexually addicted client: Establishing a need for increased counselor awareness. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 25(2), 66–86. Available at http://pegasus.cc.ucf. edu/~drbryce/Treating_the_Sexually_Addicted_Client.pdf

What happens if sexual addiction is left untreated?

Untreated sexual addiction could greatly affect mental health. The individual is left in a constant state of guilt and low self-esteem. This could lead to mental health illnesses like anxiety and major depressive disorder. Other consequences may include: • Financial problems arising from overspending to achieve sexual gratification • Sexually Transmitted Illnesses • Legal problems • Difficulty maintaining any form of relationship.

Photo by Henri Meilhac

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Understanding Work Addiction

P hoto by Simon Migaj

Addiction to work is like other forms of addiction and at the same time, unlike other forms of addiction.

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Photo by Helloquence

Studies have confirmed that people that are addicted to work share similar behavioral patterns with other addicts. They are driven by an uncontrollable urge to engage in the behavior despite the detrimental physical and mental health consequences. Unlike other types of addiction, however, the behavior (working) is an integral part of people’s lives and excessively engaging in the behavior may have its own benefits. It’s the reason why work addiction, like exercise addiction, may be described as a ‘mixed blessing’ addiction.

It is important to note that the said benefits are only short-lived. If left untreated, the negative consequences of the addiction would eventually trump whatever benefit it comes with.

How many Americans are addicted to work?

A lot of people throw the word ‘workaholic’ around but being addicted to work is many steps above being a workaholic. Available evidence shows that about 5-10% of the working population in America meets the diagnostic criteria for work addiction. Given the relatively high prevalence and its potentially detrimental effects, there is no gainsaying that this is an issue that cannot be swept under the carpet.

What are some of the signs of work addiction?

Factors like the nature of the job and the lack of a clear boundary between work time and personal time for some workers could make it hard to tell the difference between a work addict and a dedicated worker. However, a common feature of work addicts is working many more hours that the job requires and doing so at the detriment of other aspects of their life. Another classic sign of work addiction is a low level of satisfaction with their jobs, despite all the hours put in. Curiously, their productivity declines as the addiction gets worse. Other signs you may be addicted to work include: • Spending time thinking about how you can free up more time to work • Using work as a means of escape or coping with negative emotions • Developing tolerance to work. You’ll need to spend more time working in order to achieve the same level of satisfaction • Ignoring suggestions about cutting down your work time from your boss, colleagues, or friends • Working more and more without a commiserate increase in productivity • Becoming stressed or anxious whenever you are unable to work • Trying to cut down the time you spend working but to no avail What are the available treatment options?

Work addiction is considered the most socially acceptable form of addiction. Thus, a lot of people might feel there is no need for treatment. However, the addiction could lead to a host of other mental and physical health issues if left untreated.

The fact that work addiction is poorly understood even among mental health professionals makes seeking help difficult. You’ll need to find a therapist who understands work addiction. The addiction could get worse if the treatment is not properly tailored to address the addiction.

Inpatient and outpatient treatments focusing on cognitive behavioral therapy are available for people that are addicted to work.

Inpatient treatment is unusual when targeting work addiction alone. It is commonly employed when work addiction presents with other addictions or mental health illness.

Support groups like Workaholics Anonymous and similar resources could also be a valuable resource for people seeking treatment for work addiction. They may supplement therapy or serve as continuing care after you might have completed therapy.

When treating work addiction, total abstinence or sobriety is not the goal. Rather the treatment seeks to help manage the impulse to overwork, such that work doesn’t have a negative impact on other aspects of the individual’s life as observed with work addicts.

References 1. Quinones, C. & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Addiction to Work: A Critical Review of the Workaholism Construct and Recommendations for Assessment. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 53(10), 48–59. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/26489104.

2. Freimuth, M., Waddell, M., Stannard, J., Kelley, S., Kipper, A., Richardson, A. & Szuromi, I. (2008). Expanding the Scope of Dual Diagnosis and Co-Addictions: Behavioral Addictions. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 3(3-4), 137–160. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Adriana_Kipper-Smith/publication/233364411_Expanding_the_Scope_of_Dual_Diagnosis_and_CoAddictions_Behavioral_Addictions/links/566795af08aef42b57877d5c.pdf.

3. Sussman, S. (2012). Workaholism: A Review. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, (1). Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835604/ 4. Berglas, S. T. (2004). Treating workaholism. Handbook of Addictive Disorders. A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment.

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U n d e rs t a n d i n g Co f fe e Ad d i c t i o n

Addicted to coffee?

5 signs you might be addicted to coffee For many, the morning does not start without a cup of hot, frothy coffee. And what’s not to like about the world’s most consumed beverage?

Photo by Nathan Dumlao

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Photo by Nathan Dumlao

The rich aroma of a well-brewed cup of coffee activates the senses in a way nothing else can and the bitter-sweet taste is always something to savor. But for every cup you down, you’re taking not to small amounts of caffeine, a potentially addictive drug. Although the socially acceptable nature of coffee and caffeine makes it easy to live in denial, it’s possible to be addicted to coffee. Here are five signs that you may be a coffee addict 1. You’re grumpy before your morning fix If coffee is the only thing that can set your morning straight, you might just be a coffee addict. Caffeine is known to stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain, giving you that ‘feel good’ factor you constantly crave. If your brain is already used to the early morning stimulation, you might struggle to ‘feel good’ without it.

2. You get a headache when you miss a cup Feeling grumpy is one thing, having a pounding in the head is another thing entirely. A lot of people experience ‘coffee headaches’ if they fail to take coffee at their regular time.

Caffeine constricts the blood vessels in the brain, leading to a reduction in cerebral blood flow. If you don’t take your regular cup of coffee, the blood vessels open up and more blood flows into the brain. Your brain would need time to adjust to the sudden change, hence the headache.

3. You find yourself taking more coffee to achieve the same effect When you just got initiated into the coffee cult, a cup a day was probably all you needed. Soon, you graduated to two cups a day but that only sustained you for a while.

Now, you’re on a five cup a day routine and it seems like you’re gunning for the coffee drinking hall of fame. If this describes you in any way, you should know your body might be building a tolerance to coffee. And this put you at crossroads. Do you keep drinking more to achieve the same effect? Or do you cut back and struggle with the withdrawal symptoms?

4. You can’t concentrate without caffeine Foggy brain is a symptom that’s commonly experienced by many caffeine addicts. Caffeine boosts the production of adrenaline- the hormone responsible for maintaining focus and alertness. If your body is already used to that boost, you may experience difficulty concentrating when you go without coffee.

5. Giving up coffee doesn’t even sound like an option It’s hard for anyone to imagine a world without coffee. But if the thought of giving up coffee sends chills down your spine, you may just be addicted to coffee.

While there is little doubt about the addictive nature of caffeine, it is important to note that it is not in the ilk of other notorious drugs. Caffeine addiction does not have the same effect on your family, work, finances, relationships, and mental health as other addictive drugs. Furthermore, the withdrawal symptoms are not as severe.

All in all, taking coffee regularly isn’t exactly bad. Some studies even suggest that it may be beneficial to your health. But like any other thing, too much of coffee could be detrimental to your health. But too much in this context is relative. If you think you may be addicted to coffee, you should try cutting down on the frequency of consumption as well as quantity. A gradual reduction has been shown to be more beneficial than going cold turkey.

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H ow t o O ve rco m e Fo o d Ad d i c t i o n

Food Addiction

Photo by Clem Onojeghuo

5 signs you might be addicted to coffee For many, the morning does not start without a cup of hot, frothy coffee. And what’s not to like about the world’s most consumed beverage?

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Photo by gbarkz

There is increasing evidence that some people ‘get high’ on overeating. Yes, you read that right! Numerous studies have confirmed that food has the same effect on the pleasure centers of food addicts as crack would on a drug addict’s.

It’s particularly true for highly palatable foods that are rich in sugar, fat or salt. The stimulation of the pleasure center leads to the release of feel-good chemicals such as dopamine, activating the reward pathway and ultimately leading to a compulsive seeking of that behaviour.

At some point, they may develop tolerance to food; they’ll need to eat more and more to achieve the same level of satisfaction. Many food addicts struggle with obesity although some of them are able to maintain a normal weight. This may be due to increased physical activity or in other cases, their body is just capable of handling calories better.

How common is food addiction?

There is a dearth of quality statistics on the prevalence of food addiction. This is mainly due to the lack of standard diagnostic criteria. Asides the fact that food addiction leads to some brain changes similar to those found in other addictions, there is little that distinguishes food addiction from eating disorder such as binge eating, compulsive overeating, bulimia nervosa, and other unhealthy relationships with food.

How do you know you have food addiction?

General hallmarks of addiction such as compulsion, tolerance, and withdrawal can also be observed in food addicts. To make food addiction easier to diagnose, Researchers at the Yale University’s Center for Food Science and Policy developed the food addiction questionnaire.

Some of the questions that are contained therein include: • Do you end up eating more than planned when you start eating certain foods?

• Do you keep eating certain foods even if you’re no longer hungry?

• Do you eat to the point of feeling ill?

• Do you worry when certain foods are not available or go out of your way to obtain them?

• Do you worry about not eating certain types of foods or worry about cutting down on certain types of foods?

• Do you prioritize eating certain foods over your work, family, or recreational activities?

• Do you avoid social situations because you do not want to feel embarrassed by your eating habits?

• Do you have problems at work or school because of your eating habit?

• Do you suffer symptoms such as depression, anxiety, agitation, etc. when you try to cut down your intake of certain foods?

• Do you need to eat more food when you’re feeling sad or angry?

If the answer to all or most of these questions is yes, you might have a food addiction.

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When left untreated, food addiction could lead to complication such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes. It could also have a negative effect on your body image, self-esteem, and mental health in general.

What are the treatment options for food addiction?

Recovering from food addiction may be slightly tougher than other addictions because it’s impossible to completely abstain from food. But like other addictions, it starts with a willingness to quit on the part of the addict.

People with food addiction are often advised to make a list of all the trigger foods and replace them with healthy alternatives.

But it’s not always that simple.

You may have to enlist the help of a psychologist, nutritionist, or doctor who knows about food addiction.

Furthermore, there are many support groups with fantastic programs for people who are addicted to food. Some of them include Overeaters Anonymous, Food Addicts Anonymous, GreySheeters Anonymous, etc.

N E X T: “ TO DAY ` S M E N U ”

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I s s o c i a l m e d i a a d d i c t i o n a re a l thing

P hoto by Alicia Steels

Is social media addiction a real thing?

Social media is one of the precious presents of the digital age.

so c ia l m ed ia ad d i c t io n

Platforms like Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, Tinder, and a host of others have radically changed the way we connect and communicate.

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Despite their immense benefits, they do not come without their shortcomings. Among the numerous ills of social media is its potentially addictive effect. Yes, you heard that right. Social media has been tipped to have the same effect as cigarettes and gambling. But is social media addiction really a thing?

What is addiction?

The syndrome model of addiction appears to be the current working hypothesis among many psychologists and clinicians. This model presents addiction disorder as a complex problem that could have multiple presentations.

The disorder occurs whenever an individual becomes compulsively attached to a substance or behavior despite harmful consequences. With the syndrome model of addiction, it is highly plausible that some people may be addicted to social media.

Viewing social media through the lens of addiction For some time now, there have been numerous debates about the negative impact of social media on mental health. Still, we are yet to have any official medical recognition of social media addiction as a disease or disorder.

There is little argument that what social media does to us is beyond normal or natural, just like other presentations of addiction. This is especially true for heavy users. In a recent survey, about 61% of Facebook users admitted feeling the need to check their Facebook feed at least once every day. If anything, this is a sign of compulsion.

The term ‘social media reversion’ was famously coined

by Cornell Information Science, following their research into how hard it is for people to quit social media, even when they want to. It describes social media relapse- a common feature of addictive disorder. Many people find themselves deleting their Facebook account only to go back again after a very short time. As described by travel video blogger, Jax Austin, Facebook is “like that crazy ex that never forgets about you.”

On taking a closer look at social media platforms, we’ll arrive that they are set up to make us addicts. The UX design employed by the platforms has been likened to a “maze of dark patterns and cues borrowed from the world of gambling.” To them, users are an infinite source of data and it is in their interest that we never log out.

Unfortunately, millions of people might have fallen into this trap, consciously or unconsciously.

What does research say?

Numerous studies have reported a correlation between high social media use and poor mental health.

Mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, Photo by Marc Schäfer

poor self-esteem, feelings of loneliness and even suicidal thoughts appear commonplace among those who use social media excessively (although the term ‘excessively’ is largely subjective).

Interestingly, some researchers have shown not just correlation but causation, as exemplified by two separate studies from the University of Pennsylvania and York University, Canada. For those who may struggle to understand, causation is only a step above correlation.

While correlation implies that two variables occur together, causation implies the existence of one variable brought about the other.

Why does the classification matter?

In the wake of more calls for the inclusion of social media addiction as one of the presentations of addictive disorder, it’s natural to wonder why the classification matters so much. For one thing, an official classification means we would all become more conscious and deliberate about social media use. The recent WHO classification of gaming addiction as a disorder provides a workable precedence.

Researchers and clinicians would also be motivated to work more around the subject in the hopes of developing ways of helping addicts. On their own part, governments would, perhaps, respond better to calls that these platforms should be perhaps, more regulated. Anything that affects the mental health of the population should not be handled with levity.

Whatever we do, it’s important to understand that social media has come to stay. Any attempt to abandon, restrict or censor these platforms is likely to turn out counterproductive. Our main focus should be on living with it and protecting ourselves from getting ‘addicted’.

References

Photo by Gian Cescon

Eric P.S. et al (2015). Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion. Social Media + Society. Available at https:// journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305115614851 Roisin Kiberd (2019). Social media addiction is not natural or normal but is it really a disease? The Guardian. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2019/mar/19/social-media-facebookaddiction-not-natural-normal-disease Hogue J.V., Mills J.S. (2019). The effects of active social media engagement with peers on body image in young women. Body Image, Volume 28. Available at https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174014451730517X#!

Hunt M.G. et al (2018). No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression.

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