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DearReader,
Welcome to your next anticipated edition of Energy and Sustainability Africa (ESA), proudly researched andasyouknow,producedinNamibia
Acrosstheglobe,theconceptoftheblueeconomyisgainingpopularityasnationsstrivetonotonlyreduce theircarbonemissions,strengthenfoodandenergysecurity,butalsodrivesustainableeconomicgrowth Withover38coastalandislandstates,Africaisuniquelypositionedtoharnessitsvastmarineandaquatic resourcesforinclusivedevelopment.
Often called the “Island Continent” due to its expansive coastline, Africa is undoubtedly rich in untapped ocean resources Yet, the continent continues to face significant challenges including slow economic growth,highpovertylevels,foodinsecurity,andlimitedenergyaccess.Withitspopulationexpectedtosoar toatleast2.5billionpeopleby2050,itisessentialthatAfricaembracesinnovativesolutionswhichincludes ocean-basedeconomicactivitiestomeetitsgrowingdemandsustainably
One of the most promising aspects of the blue economy is ocean farming, which aligns environmental stewardship with economic growth. Despite its potential, Africa is currently noted to contribute a mere 3 percent to global aquaculture production Unlocking this sector could be transformative, especially in strengtheningfoodsecurityandrurallivelihoods
As demand for seafood grows and marine ecosystems are disrupted by climate change, access to fishing grounds has become both a geopolitical and economic issue as much as an environmental one The governance of international fishing rights, shaped by complex rules and bilateral agreements, now sits at the heart of regional cooperation and economic stability. Ensuring fair and sustainable access to these resourcesiskeytomaximizingtheblueeconomy’sbenefits,especiallyforcoastalstates.
Beyondfoodsystems,Africa’scoastalnationsalsohaveimmensepotentialtoharnesstidalenergywhichis currently an underexplored renewable energy source. With over 600 million people on the continent still lackingaccesstoelectricity,blueenergytechnologiesliketidalpowercouldplayapivotalroleinhelping sustainablybridgingtheenergygapwhilereducingrelianceonfossilfuels
Inthisedition(June2025),ourresearchersexploreAfrica’sblueeconomythroughmultiplelenses.Wedive into the potential of aquaculture, investigate the dimensions of international fishing rights, and examine howtidalenergycouldreshapeAfrica’senergyfuture WealsolookintotheBatteryAdvancedDiagnostics Evaluation (BADGE) Platform and how it is setting benchmarks in electric vehicle diagnostics, complementingcleanenergytransitionsacrossthecontinent.
The blue economy is not just a slogan, but a call to rethink how the African continent grow, trade, and sustain both the oceans and societies
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Blue Economy: is the sustainable use of ocean and inland water resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of aquatic ecosystems.
The ocean is the world’s largest ecosystem, covering 70 percent of the earths’ surface and playing host to an estimated 80 percent of the planet’s biodiversity.
(UN Environment Programme – Finance Initiative: https://www unepfi org/bluefinance/)
Africa’s coastal land and marine biodiversity is a unique treasure for the region, with eight of the 36 global biodiversity spots, 439 marine key biodiversity areas, and 148 marine and coastal Ramsar sites.
(World Bank (2022): https://thedocs worldbank org/en/doc/213 a25f8770328e39b2ef15e7104a1360320012022/original/Overview.pd
The Blue Economy generated nearly USD300 billion for the African continent in 2018, creating 48 million jobs in the process In West Africa, the coastal zone generated 56 percent of GDP.
(Wold Bank, (2022) https://thedocs worldbank org/en/doc/21 3a25f8770328e39b2ef15e7104a1360320012022/original/Overview pdf)
Eastern African economies earn well over USD10 billion each year from the Blue Economy
(United Nations Economic Commission for Africa https://www.uneca.org/eastern-africa/blueeconomy#:~:text=The%20global%20ocean%20economy%2 0is,in%20West%20Africa%20(ODI))
A sustainable blue economy provides essential benefits for current and future generations; restores, protects and maintains diverse, productive and resilient ecosystems; and is based on clean technologies, renewable energy and circular material flows.
(https://www unep org/topics/ocean-seas-andcoasts/ecosystem-basedapproaches/sustainable-blue-economy)
By 2030, Africa’s Blue Economy is estimated to grow to USD405 billion, including USD100 billion generated by coastal tourism, and will generate 57 million jobs
(Wold Bank, (2022) https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/213a25f8770328e39b 2ef15e7104a136-0320012022/original/Overview.pdf)
AUTHOR:GraceKangotue ChiefResearcher/Economist@ RDJ Consulting
Africa, often referred to as the "Island Continent" due to its extensive coastal borders, is endowed with vast and largely untapped
marine resources Bordered by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans as well as the Mediterranean and Red Seas, the continent boasts over 20 million square kilometres of maritime zones including Territorial Seas (TS), Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and extended Continental Shelves. This aquatic endowment offers a wealth of opportunities to fuel economic transformation, yet Africa’s marine sector remains underutilized and undervalued while poverty levels continue to rise
Of the 54 African nations, 38 are coastal or island states, making marine and aquatic resources pivotal to the continent’s economic blueprint. However, despite this geographical advantage, Africa accounts for only 1 2 percent of global shipping by number of vessels, and less than 1 percent by gross tonnage Its ports handle just 6 percent of global maritime cargo traffic, and a mere 3 percent of worldwide container traffic. This is particularly disheartening given that over 90 percent of Africa’s imports and exports are transported by sea.
The maritime sector, if properly harnessed, could be a powerhouse for economic development, job creation, food security, and regional integration With sectors such as the Fisheries and Aquaculture providing millions of Africans, especially those in coastal communities with nutritional food and revenue generation opportunities While the marine transport underpins international trade and opens pathways for economic integration under agreements like the African Continental Free Trade Area
Offshore energy resources, including oil, gas, and renewables, also offer possibilities for economic diversification and energy security Coastal and marine tourism is another growth sector, with the potential to boost African economies and create jobs, particularly when built on the foundation of environmental conservation. Healthy marine ecosystems also provide crucial services like carbon sequestration, flood control, and coastline stabilization, which are essential to building resilience against climate change With these type of benefits, African coastal states will be able to cut some cost of things like decarbonization efforts, flood prevention mechanisms and the likes
Courtesy:https://www brookings edu/articles/africas-blue-economy-can-continue-to-deliver-huge-benefits-to-the-continent/
The African Union has acknowledged the significance of the maritime area through various strategic frameworks. One of the most prominent is the 2050 Africa’s Integrated Maritime Strategy (2050 AIM Strategy) which was adopted in 2015 This strategy aims to foster increased wealth creation from Africa’s oceans and seas through the development of a sustainable, thriving blue economy. Its vision is anchored in the sustainable use of marine resources, environmental protection, maritime security, and economic development.
Complementing the 2050 AIM Strategy is the Africa Blue Economy Strategy, adopted in 2018, which provides practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of marine and aquatic resources. This strategy underscore inclusivity, particularly the empowerment of women and youth in marine related sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture It also prioritizes climate resilience, recognizing the vulnerability of coastal communities to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and other impacts of climate change
Africa’s aquatic economy can become a cornerstone of the continent’s future which supports wealth above and below the waterline
Furthermore, Agenda 2063 which includes the African Union’s long-term development vision, identifies the blue economy as a key driver to accelerate economic growth. It advocates for the development of Africa’s marine resources and energy, ports operations and marine transport, sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation, and sustainable consumption
While the opportunities are massive, the road to a thriving aquatic economy is not without challenges. Many coastal ecosystems in Africa are threatened by unregulated human activities, pollution, and overexploitation of resources Illegal fishing, marine piracy, human and drug trafficking, and maritime insecurity remain persistent issues in several Africa regions. These are some of the factors that hinder Africa from maximizing the economic benefits of its blue economy. Moreover, climate change presents additional threats through sea level rise, storm surges, and the
degradation of marine habitats These challenges, if left unaddressed, risk undermining the sustainability of Africa’s blue economy and the well-being of millions of peoplewhodependonit
Research by others, indicates that there is an urgent need for Africa to invest in marine research, strengthen institutional capacities, and promote responsible governance of marine resources Marine protected areas can play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity while supporting sustainable fisheries At the same time, investment in clean energy, eco-tourism, and infrastructure can create new economic opportunities for coastal populations. To maximize the benefits, a coordinated continental effort supported by strong political will, financing, and international partnerships isessential.
Africa’s maritime sector stands as one of its most promising areas with the potential to drive the continent’s sustainable development and economic transformation From trade and transport to food security and energy, the blue economy offers a pathway to inclusive growth that benefits coastal communities and landlocked nations alike Achieving this potential requiresvision,collaborationeffort,andcommitmentto blue economy sustainability With the right investments and policies, Africa’s aquatic economy can become a cornerstone of the continent’s future which supports wealthaboveandbelowthewaterline
https://archive uneca org/es-blog/maritime-safety-security-anddevelopment-africa
https://www isa org jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ts20 pdf
https://au int/sites/default/files/documents/30929-doc2050 aim strategy eng 0 pdf
https://spinnaker-watches com/blogs/deep-timechronicles/introduction-to-marine-conservation-why-ouroceans-
matter#:~:text=Tourism%20and%20Recreation:%20Coastal%20a nd%20marine%20environments,opportunities%20such%20as%2 0snorkeling%2C%20diving%2C%20and%20beach%2Dgoing https://www acerwc africa/sites/default/files/202407/FACTSHEET%20on%20the%20impact%20of%20climate%20ch ange%20on%20seas%20and%20oceans%20in%20relation%20to %20childrens%20rights pdf
https://www comhafat org/fr/files/actualites/doc actualite 505 11204 pdf
https://au int/en/agenda2063/goals
https://www marinebio org/conservation/marine-conservationbiology/marine-protected-areas-mpas/
contributed by:
The report highlights the mixed experiences African nations that have implemented a continent-wide visa-free policy for their citizens have been facing recently, noting varying impacts on both tourism flows and trade exchanges.
In recent years, African nations have been gradually relaxing visa policies. Yet, the success of these initiatives in boosting intra-regional trade depends
on their combination with significant investments in transport infrastructure, efficient border control procedures, and enhanced security across trans-border corridors, according to a report released on March 25 by Ecofin Pro
Titled "Strengthening Intra-African Trade: Beyond FreeVisa Policies”, the report states that 42 African countries grant visa-free entry to citizens from at least five other countries on the continent, with 33 extending this to citizens of at least ten African countries
Visa-free policies primarily aim to enhance tourism flows, though motives vary from country to country Based on its interests, each state adopts a visa policy targeting specific countries. Initially, some nations sign
bilateral visa exemption agreements to foster economic or commercial relations For instance, in late November 2023, Sierra Leone signed a visa exemption agreement with South Africa for diplomatic and service passport holders to facilitate exchanges among top officials and investors in key sectors like education, food security, energy, mining, and tourism.
In October 2023, Ghana and South Africa signed a visa exemption agreement for all citizens of the two countries to enhance business and tourism exchanges Also, several states have announced visa exemption measures for citizens of other nations to accelerate the continent's integration process, which has entered an active phase since the signing of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement For example, Botswana signed bilateral visa exemption agreements in 2023 for citizens of Namibia and Zimbabwe
Noting that four countries have implemented a visa-free policy for all African citizens (Benin, Gambia, Rwanda, and Seychelles), the report also indicates that the experiences of the three main pioneer countries remain mixed
The Seychelles was the first country on the continent to lift visa requirements for African visitors, aiming to boost its tourism sector. However, no African country ranks in the top 10 or even top 15 tourist-sending countries to the Seychelles
In Benin, the adoption of a visa-free policy for all African citizens has also not impacted the ranking of its primary tourist markets, notably Nigeria, Niger, and Togo.
The commercial impacts of visa-free policies are difficult to measure In 2022, data from the World Bank revealed that the Seychelles, the first African nation to adopt such a policy, saw just 5 percent of its total merchandise imports coming from Sub-Saharan Africa in 2020, a decline from 7.16 percent in 2018. The percentage of exports to the region remained nearly unchanged at 0.96 percent, the same as in 2018.
The easing of visa regimes thus appears insufficient to address the problem of free movement of Africans across the continent and to develop intra-regional economic exchanges. One of the main obstacles to free movement between African countries remains the lack of infrastructure that allows for smooth exchanges not only from one territory to another but also within the same territory
In Africa, the transport sector is largely dominated by roads, accounting for 80 to 90 percent of passenger and goods traffic. Yet, a significant part of the road network remains underdeveloped According to the African Development
Bank (AfDB), Africa needs an annual investment of between USD130 and USD170 billion to address its infrastructure deficit.
The free movement of people across several regions of the continent is also hampered by the complexity of border control procedures, compounded by extortion by border post agents. Additionally, insecurity along some trans-border corridors and conflict zones are further challenges.
The report also notes that significant tasks still await the states, including the Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons, signed by 32 African countries This agreement, which aims to progressively liberalize the right of entry, residence, and establishment, has so far been ratified by only four countries
Experts believe that concerns over national security, border management, and control of national migration policies have likely slowed the ratification process, along with misunderstandings about the obligations and implementation timeline.
And last but not least, a pooling of efforts in the air transport sector should accompany visa policies, given that intra-African travel is also hindered by the high cost of flights. The air transport market on the continent remains fragmented, with taxes sometimes representing up to 100 percent or more of the actual fare charged by airlines to each customer Additionally, the continent continues to face the highest fuel costs for aircraft, with a nearly 20 percent price gap compared to North American countries
AUTHOR:NaemiShoopala Researcher&Analyst:EnergyEconomics
Courtesy:https://wwwnationalgeographiccom/foodfeatures/aquaculture/
As the world faces challenges with climate change, food insecurity, and the degradation of natural resources, the search for sustainable solutions is
becoming increasingly urgent One of the most promising developments in this effort is ocean farming, a key component of the blue economy which is an approach to cultivating food and resources at sea that aligns economic growth with environmental stewardship.
Ocean farming, also known as marine aquaculture, involves cultivating marine organisms such as shellfish, fin fish, and seaweed in controlled marine environments Africa’s extensive coastline, stretching over 30,000 kilometres and bordering the Atlantic and Indian Oceans as well as the Mediterranean Sea, presents immense untapped potential for ocean farming.
Among the African countries, 38 of them are coastal countries, with marine ecosystems which are diverse and rich in biodiversity, creating ideal conditions for cultivating seaweed, kelp, mussels, oysters, and other low-impact species. Seaweed farming has multiple value chains, from food and pharmaceuticals to cosmetics and bio fertilizers, while mussels and oysters offer a sustainable protein source with minimal feed input and high export potential
Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has rapidly expanded to meet global demand, but despite this expansion, the aquaculture industry in Africa only accounts for about 3 percent of global aquaculture production Seaweed leads marine aquaculture production across the continent with over 2,200 recorded species, including red, green, and
brown algae. Although seemingly small, Excluding Asia, Africa has significantly outperformed other continents since 2002, particularly with the production of the carrageen producing red algae
Seaweed has a long history of use in many parts of the world, notably as fertilizer in northern Europe and as a dietary staple in East Asia, especially China, South Korea, and Japan. It provides essential nutrients like iodine and bioactive compounds with health benefits Recently, seaweed-derived hydrocolloids such as agar, alginates, carrageenan have gained importance as thickeners and stabilizers in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical They are also present in many household, industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
The production of marine aquatic plants in Africa is currently concentrated in Zanzibar, Tanzania, which is widely recognized as Africa’s most efficient and productive seaweed farming nation, followed by Madagascar and South Africa. Other countries, however, including Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia and Senegal, are all still either currently producing or have previously produced seaweeds in the past few years The map below shows the countries involved in seaweed farming:
Seaweed farming in Tanzania, particularly in the Zanzibar Archipelago, has been a cornerstone of the local economy since its introduction in the late 1980s. Initially, the cultivation of Eucheuma species was promoted to boost income for coastal communities Over time, this practice expanded, and by 2012, Tanzania was producing over 15,000 tons of dried seaweed annually, making it the third-largest marine export after tourism and cloves. The industry now employs around 30,000 farmers, 88 percent of whom are women. The farming activities are usually small-scale and carried out in the intertidal zones largely in marine conservation areas, near mangroves and coral reefs
Despite its position as Africa’s most successful seaweed producer, Tanzania’s seaweed farming industry in Zanzibar, faces growing challenges such as declining productivity linked to climate induced warming of shallow waters Other challenges include the spread of bacterial infections affecting imported Eucheuma strains, and limited access to scientific support and resilient local species. To sustain and grow the industry, Tanzania would have to invest in research and development of climate-resilient native seaweed strains, adopt deeperwater or floating farming systems to counter rising temperatures, and enhance value addition locally through processing and innovation
As Africa’s marine aquaculture sector matures, there is growing interest in expanding beyond seaweed and shellfish to include marine fauna, particularly fin fish, crustaceans, and bivalves to diversify blue economy outputs and boost food security Countries like South Africa, Namibia, and Mauritania are beginning to explore or expand the farming of species such as cobia, sea bass, abalone, and prawns, using both land-based and offshore systems. These species are well suited to local waters and offer high market value both domestically and internationally Abalone farming in South Africa, for example, has become a major export industry, supplying Asian markets and creating jobs in coastal communities
SeaweedFarming
Courtesy:https://panoramasolutions/en/solution/seaweed-farming-zanzibar-addressing-common-challenge-aquaculture-and-marine-conservation
Courtesy:https://wwwhikcoza/
South Africa boasts the most developed marine aquaculture industry in Africa, and is particularly known for its cultivation of high-value species such as abalone, mussels, oysters, and finfish like yellowtail kingfish and cobia These species are farmed through a mix of landbased and ocean-based systems, supported by scientific research and public-private partnerships that have positioned South Africa as a model for marine aquaculture innovation in Africa
The Western Cape Province is home to many operational mariculture farms due to its suitable environmental conditions and established infrastructure. The success of this sector is driven by strong demand from international markets, government support, and efficient aquaculture technologies The industry is small, but the country is nevertheless the third-largest producer worldwide, after China and South Korea, with Abalone farming stands out as a high-value niche industry, earning the nickname “white gold” due to its lucrative export potential.
In addition to abalone, South Africa has made notable strides in farming Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) These bivalves are typically cultivated using longline systems in sheltered bays such as Saldanha Bay, where nutrient-rich waters and minimal freshwater inflow create ideal growth conditions. Mussels and oysters are environmentally friendly to farm, requiring no feed and contributing to water filtration Their short production cycles, typically 12 to 18 months also make them attractive from a sustainability and investment perspective
However, despite its strengths, South Africa’s aquaculture industry faces significant challenges, including limited overall production volumes, climate change pressures, and regulatory constraints Moving forward, the country can expand its impact by scaling up production, diversifying cultivated species, improving access to aquaculture technologies, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Strengthening partnerships between government, industry, and research institutions will be key to maintaining its lead in marine aquaculture innovation in Africa
Although Africa’s marine aquaculture sector is still in its early stages,the potential is enormous With its vast coastline, ecological diversity, and growing population, the continent is well-positioned to lead the next wave of sustainable ocean farming From Zanzibar’s thriving seaweed farms to South Africa’s high-value abalone operations, Africa is laying the groundwork for a blue economy that aligns ecological sustainability with socio economicdevelopment However,realizingthisvisionwill require greater investment in research, inclusive policy frameworks, climate-resilient practices, and robust local value chains. These initiatives not only support food security and climate resilience but also create jobs and economicopportunities,especiallyforwomen.
https://www worldatlas com/articles/countries-in-africa-with-thelongest-coastlines html
https://www.mapsofworld.com/africa/thematic/coastalcountries html
https://umr-marbec fr/en/the-projects/afrimaqua/ https://collaboration.worldbank.org/content/sites/collaborationfor-development/en/groups/aquainvestplatform/documents entry html/2023/04/16/seaweed farming ina fricacurrentstatusandfutu-I9iC.html
https://www afdb org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/ prospects for developing green aquaculture in africa 0 pdf https://collaboration.worldbank.org/content/sites/collaborationfor-development/en/groups/aquainvestplatform/documents entry html/2023/04/16/seaweed farming ina fricacurrentstatusandfutu-I9iC.html
https://link springer com/article/10 1007/s10811-021-02676w/figures/2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365034767 The Seawe ed Sector in Zanzibar A Multimethod Approach to Value Chain Analysis
https://link springer com/article/10 1007/s10811-021-02676-w https://panorama solutions/en/solution/seaweed-farmingzanzibar-addressing-common-challenge-aquaculture-and-marineconservation?utm source=chatgpt com
https://saimi co za/news/saimi-news/aquaculture-skills-in-thespotlight/
https://core ac uk/download/pdf/62634432 pdf
https://www globalseafood org/advocate/south-africa-abalonefarming-goes-gold/
https://www dffe gov za/sites/default/files/reports/research/fishe ries/aquacultureyearbook2017 pdf
https://faolex fao org/docs/pdf/saf149497 pdf
Data Source: www mme gov na, theglobaleconomy com
AUTHOR:BuruxaAribes ResearchandWriting @RDJConsulting
Off the rugged coast of Scotland, deep beneath the frigid waters of the Pentland Firth, an unseen revolution is taking place Massive underwater
turbines, anchored to the seabed, silently spin with the tides, delivering clean, consistent electricity to the grid above Unlike wind or solar farms, these machines don’t rely on the whims of weather Their rhythm is guided directly by the moon itself
Tidal energy is one of the most predictable and powerful, but still largely overlooked, form of renewable electricity. As the world accelerates its shift to cleaner fuels, attention has understandably focused on solar panels glinting in desert sun and wind turbines turning on remote hillsides But in the shadows of these energy giants, a quieter force has begun to stir. Driven by the gravitational dance between the Earth, moon, and sun, tidal energy is said to offer an unrivalled level of reliability and energy density And yet, it remains a niche
player on the global stage That could be about to change
“For grid managers and energy planners, that kind of reliability is gold”
What makes tidal energy so compelling isn’t just its origin, it is also its clockwork precision. Tides can be forecasted decades in advance. For grid managers and energy planners, that kind of reliability is gold Tidal power works by capturing the kinetic and potential energy of moving water The most established approach, the tidal barrage, functions much like a dam; trapping water at high tide and releasing it through turbines as the tide falls. Other methods include tidal stream turbines, which resemble underwater windmills, and tidal lagoons, which store water in coastal basins On the horizon is dynamic tidal power, a bold new concept involving long
dams stretching out from coastlines to exploit complex tidal flows. Each technology brings different challenges and advantages, but they share a common goal which is ‘harnessing the tides to generate stable, zero-emission electricity’
What makes tidal energy particularly powerful is the medium itself. Water is about 800 times denser than air, meaning underwater turbines can generate more electricity in a much smaller footprint compared to wind farms With a lifespan that often exceed 75 years, tidal installations offer durability that outclasses most other renewables In some cases, tidal infrastructure offers a double benefit, a coastal protection Sea walls and lagoons can defend vulnerable shorelines against storm surges and sea-level rise, marrying environmental resilience with energy production
Despite its many advantages, tidal energy faces formidable challenges, chief among them, cost Building underwater is expensive Maintaining submerged equipment requires specialized materials and expertise. And unlike solar or wind, tidal power hasn’t yet achieved the kind of global deployment needed to bring prices down through economies of scale There’s also geography to contend with Only certain coastlines have the necessary tidal range or current speeds to make projects viable. Environmental concerns also remain one of the key challenges flagged. Large infrastructure like barrages can disrupt marine ecosystems, fish migration, and natural sediment flows, although modern designs increasingly aim to minimize these impacts
Still, the tides may be turning in tidal’s favour. A new wave of innovation, literally, is pushing the field forward. Floating and modular turbines are making installations easier and more adaptable Dynamic tidal power, if proven viable, could open up vast new regions for development Hybrid systems combining tidal power with batteries or hydrogen production could make energy more dispatchable and grid-friendly. Governments in the UK, Canada, and South Korea are ramping up support with grants, research initiatives, and pilot projects. At the same time, private investors, drawn by the promise of stable long-term returns, are beginning to take notice
One of tidal energy’s greatest strengths may be its ability to complement other renewables. While solar and wind are intermittent, tidal is consistent. This makes it ideal for filling the gaps, balancing supply and demand, reducing strain on storage systems, and enhancing grid stability For island nations and coastal regions looking to reduce reliance on imported fuels, tidal offers not just energy but energy independence
The theoretical global potential of tidal energy exceeds 3,000 gigawatts In reality, due to geographic, economic, and ecological constraints, only about 120 to 500 gigawatts are practically extractable Still, that’s a massive figure, especially for a source that doesn’t flicker with the weather. A few nations have already taken the plunge. South Korea’s Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station is currently the world’s largest, producing 254 megawatts (MW) France’s La Rance facility, operating since 1966,
continues to generate more than 0.5 terawatt-hours annually In the United Kingdom, the MeyGen project has become a symbol of tidal stream success, feeding 10 GWh of electricity in 2023 into the UK national grid and drawing international interest These projects are not just proof of concept, they are also evidence that tidal power can deliver long-term, large-scale results.
Africa, particularly Sub Saharan regions, possesses substantial tidal energy potential due to its extensive coastlines and favorable coastal indicators; wide continental shelves, deltas, estuaries, and macro tidal ranges (e.g., parts of Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Coast, Mozambique Channel, Rufiji Delta, South Africa). Despite this, no operational tidal power plants exist in Africa today
The primary barriers include prohibitively high upfront capital costs, limited financial resources, underdeveloped marine surveys and grid infrastructure, and technical challenges in turbine design and system integration. Additionally, political and economic constraints, such as lack of supportive policies, subsidies, and long term tariffs, further hinder progress While promising projects are in feasibility or conceptual stages in countries like Mozambique, Kenya, Tunisia, and South Africa, realizing this potential requires robust government backing, targeted surveying, innovative financing mechanisms, and technological adaptation to local coastal conditions.
Though tidal energy may never match solar or wind in total global capacity, it doesn’t need to Its role is different and vital, particularly for zones where solar is
limited As the world races to decarbonize and decentralize its energy systems, the ocean's tides could provide the rhythm we need to keep the lights on Although, it has taken decades for tidal energy to find its footing, the next decade could determine whether it remains a niche solution or becomes a foundational pillar intherenewablerevolution.
The moon has been pulling at our oceans since the beginningoftime.Itmaybetimetopullsomethingback.
https://bkvenergy com/learning-center/what-is-tidal-energy/ https://education nationalgeographic org/resource/tidal-energy https://www ormazabal com/en-gb/tidal-energy-what-is-and-howdoes-it-work/
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19 June 2025 – Driven by its commitment to the sustainable development of the country, NamPower held a media groundbreaking ceremony to officially mark the commencement of the construction of the 100 MW Sores |Gaib Power Station - situated 33 km northwest Rosh Pinah.
Sores |Gaib, which in Khoekhoegowab means “Power of the Sun” , will be NamPower’s largest Solar PV Power Station to date. Upon completion, the power station will contribute significantly to the national energy mix, displacing a significant amount of imported energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, Sores |Gaib will play a pivotal role in fostering economic development, enhancing energy independence, and strengthening climate resilience in Namibia.
NamPower’ s total investment in this project stands at N$1,6 billion.
The project is funded through a combination of a loan from KfW (German development bank, equivalent to about N$1,3 billion) and the remainder from NamPower’s own reserves. This loan was facilitated within the framework of the intergovernmental agreement, underscoring the enduring partnership and cordial relations between the Government of Namibia and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Pictures1&2:RepresentativeoftheEPCContractor-ChinaJiangxi InternationalCorporationandChintNewEnergyDevelopment JointVenture;ManagingDirectorofNamPower,MrKahenge Haulofu;RegionalCouncilloroftheOranjemundConstituency, HonourableLazarusNangolo
Picture3:RegionalCouncilloroftheOranjemund Constituency,HonourableLazarusNangolowith EPCContractorteam
During the construction phase of this project, over 300 direct jobs are expected to be created with the aim of employing local labor and thereby promoting skills development In addition, the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractor has made a commitment to allocate 25 percent of the Contract Price, equivalent to N$356 million, towards Local Content NamPower has prioritized local content participation and skills development as integral components of its implementation strategy
Also, through the project’s Environmental and Social Management Plan, the company has made firm commitments to preserve the integrity of the environment through protecting biodiversity and promoting responsible labor and community engagement practices
NamPower’s mandate has always been clear: to generate, transmit, and where required distribute electricity in a manner that is reliable, affordable, and sustainable. In recent years, however, this mandate has gained greater significance as the world responds to the challenge of climate change and the urgency of energy transition. NamPower Managing Director Kahenge Haulofu emphasized that the 100 MW Sores |Gaib Power Station Project represents progress and a long-term commitment to the sustainable development of our country. “Our country has abundant sun and we as a nation are ready to seize the opportunities that renewable energy offers. The 100 MW Sores IGaib Power Station is a critical step in fulfilling that potential” , he stated in his speech at the groundbreaking event.
The commercial operation date of the power station is set for June 2026.
AUTHOR:BuruxaAribes ResearchandWritingIntern@RDJConsulting
Courtesy:https://wwwtheglobaleducationprojectorg/earth/fisheries-and-aquaculture/global-aquaculture-and-fisheries
On any given day, far beyond the horizon, a silent struggle plays out across the world’s oceans. Giant industrial trawlers comb through
international waters Satellite signals blink as they cross into the exclusive zones of poorer nations. Nearby, local fishers in wooden boats cast nets passed down through generations; only to return with smaller and smaller catches From Dakar to the South China Sea, this is the new global contest: the battle for fishing rights
As demand for seafood surges and climate change scrambles marine ecosystems, the fight over who gets to fish, and where, is no longer just an environmental issue It’s a geopolitical and economic fault line At the heart of this growing tension lies an elaborate system of rules and deals that govern access to ocean resources These “fishing rights” are regulated through national laws and international treaties, the most important of which is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which defines who controls what waters. Under UNCLOS, coastal nations hold exclusive rights to resources within 200 nautical miles of their shores, territories known as Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)
What sounds like a tidy legal framework is anything but The oceans are vast, borders are contested, and enforcement is expensive. While the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea set the legal groundwork, the real world runs on bilateral agreements, licensing schemes, and cash deals Developed nations with powerful industrial fleets pay for access to the waters of less-developed coastal states, often promising money for development or fisheries management in return. But beneath the surface, these arrangements can stir resentment and raise questions of equity, sovereignty, and sustainability
Take West Africa, a region with some of the richest marine biodiversity on Earth The European Union, China, and Russia all operate fleets in this part of the Atlantic. In Mauritania, a fisheries deal with the EU nets the government €57 5 million per year, with additional funding for governance reforms In Senegal, the EU contributes around €3 million annually under a similar protocol On paper, it's a win-win But on the ground, small-scale fishers often feel pushed aside, struggling to compete with industrial trawlers that deplete stocks and damage habitats. Protests have erupted. Tensions rise every time a new deal is signed
Additionally, the West Africa is far from alone In the Pacific, small island nations lease their tuna-rich waters to distant fleets, sometimes at great benefit, sometimes at great cost. In Asia, overlapping claims in the South China Sea have turned fishing grounds into potential flashpoints In Latin America, illegal fishing has led to the seizure of foreign vessels and rising diplomatic friction From Argentina to Indonesia, coast guards are increasingly called to patrol not just borders, but the invisible lines of access and exploitation.
Even countries that cooperate can fall into dispute In the Indian Ocean, a recent rift between Mauritius and Seychelles over the Saya de Malha Bank, a jointly managed fishing area, shows how delicate these arrangements can sometimes be. After years of collaboration, tensions flared when Mauritius sought to raise license fees and introduce environmental levies Seychelles, heavily reliant on its tuna fleet, resisted these ideas
Mauritius also pushed for stricter oversight to combat illegal fishing, claiming enforcement was being overlooked. Though the nations avoided open conflict, the disagreement revealed how even friendly neighbours can clash when resources, and livelihoods are on the line
Beneath all this lies a deeper truth: the oceans are being emptied. Overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change are taking a toll. And as fish migrate or vanish, competition only intensifies Everyone, from artisanal fishers to global seafood giants, is chasing the same shrinking supply The very agreements meant to share the oceans fairly are increasingly tested by ecological limits.
Solutions exist, but they require more than just diplomacy Coastal nations need investment in enforcement, satellite surveillance, and data systems Transparency in access agreements is essential And perhaps most critically, the voices of local fishing communities; too often left out of these deals; must be heard.
The future of global fisheries isn’t just about preserving the ocean It’s about who gets to shape that future, and
who benefits The world is waking up to the reality that fishing rights are no longer just legal contracts or trade deals. They are a test of global cooperation, environmental stewardship, and economic justice.
https://www un org/depts/los/convention agreements/ texts/unclos/unclos e pdf
https://www fao org/documents/card/en/c/cc0461en https://www pew org/pl/research-and-analysis/factsheets/2025/02/how-the-international-communityregulates-fisheries-across-theocean#:~:text=How%20does%20The%20Pew%20Charita ble,meaningful%20consequences%20for%20non%2Dco mpliance
https://www oecd org/agriculture/topics/fisheries/ https://marketac eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/DGMARE-Publication-EU-Sustainable-FisheriesPartnership-Agreements.pdf
https://ejfoundation.org/resources/downloads/Chinahidden-fleet-West-Africa-final pdf
https://cris unibo it/retrieve/e1dcb333-64bc-7715-e0531705fe0a6cc9/GLOBAL%20ILLEGAL%2C%20UNREPORTE D%20AND%20UNREGULATED%20%28IUU%29%20FISHIN G%20IN%20WEST%20AFRICA%20RECENT%20TRENDS%2 0AND%20HISTORICAL%20LEGACIES.pdf
https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/T opics/Environment/Sunken%20Billions%20Revisitedweb-2 pdf
https://globalfishingwatch org/ https://oceans-andfisheries.ec.europa.eu/fisheries/internationalagreements/sustainable-fisheries-partnershipagreements-sfpas/mauritania en
https://www eeas europa eu/node/410399 tr?utm https://www un org/Depts//los/clcs new/submissions f iles/musc08/smsrec pdf
http://www seychellesnewsagency com/articles/16270/ Seychelles+and+Mauritius+agree+on+new+terms+for+s ustainable+fishing
https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstre ams/1c8c1e5d-e8ae-47a1-9e06-a6716c19859d/content https://mofbe gov sc/wpcontent/uploads/2022/09/Agreement-Between-theGovernment-of-the-Republic-of-Mauritius-and-theGovernment-of-the-Republic-of-Seychelles-on-Fishingin-Mauritius-Waters-3.pdf
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In this episode, we meet Chiagozie Obuekwe, a Consultant at the World Bank Chiagozie Obuekwe shares his story of how hegotstartedintheenergyindustry,detailinghisinitial
challenges and offering invaluable advice to fellow young professionalsseekingtheirpathinthisdynamicindustry.
Tell us about your journey
MyjourneyintotheenergyindustryactuallystartedwhenIwasa child. I’ve always had a deep passion for public policy, science, and the environment, whether it was learning about ecosystems or thinking about how policies could shape the world for the better. As I grew older, I pursued my interest academically, earning a bachelor’s degree in microbiology. Balancing my love for science with my growing interest in policy, I enrolled in a master’s program in environmental sciences, specializing in environmentalpolicy Aftergraduating,Idoveintoworkthatsits rightattheintersectionofsustainabilityandenergy Mygoalhas always been to contribute to solutions that promote clean and affordableenergywhilebuildingamoresustainableworld Along the way, I’ve had the privilege of working across a variety of sectors including private, nonprofit, and international organizations,eachofwhichhasshapedmyunderstandingofthe complexchallengesandopportunitiesinenergy
Inmycurrentrole,Isupportglobaleffortstoprovideelectricityto millions of people in developing countries that lack access to energy Specifically, I provide technical guidance to ensure that clean energy investments are economically transformative and supportgood-payingjobsandlivelihoods
Myworkisalwaysamixofdifferenttasks,andnotwodaysarethe same. At the heart of what I do is research, where I dive into various topics related to energy. This involves gathering data, identifying trends, and interpreting insights to help guide decision-makinginameaningfulway.Onsomedays,I’mfocused on program management. This means keeping track of multiple projects,makingsureeverythingisontrack,liaisingwithpartners toensuresmoothimplementation,andwritingprogressreportsto communicateupdatestostakeholders.
Othertimes,Ishiftgearsintoknowledgemanagement.Thiscould involvewritingreports,creatingcontentforknowledgeproducts, ororganizingworkshopswherepeoplefromdifferentsectorscan cometogether,shareideas,andcollaborateonsolutions Every
day brings something new, and I love the variety and challenge thatcomeswithbalancingallthesedifferentaspectsofmyrole
"The most rewarding part of my work is knowing that what I do helps make a real difference in communities”
-ChiagozieObuekwe
What is the most fun thing you love about your work?
The most fun thing about my job is getting to meet and interact withlike-mindedprofessionalsthatarepassionateaboutcreating positivechangeintheworld
Imakeaconsciousefforttomaintainahealthywork-lifebalance, ensuringthatIsetasidetimeformyselfoutsideofwork.Whether it's exploring new hobbies, spending time with loved ones, or simply relaxing, I believe these moments help me recharge and stayfocused,bothpersonallyandprofessionally
What are the core hard skills someone in your field should have?
Research,dataanalysisandprojectmanagement.
What soft skills should someone in your field have?
Teamwork,communicationandproblem-solving
ChiagozieattheUS-AfricaLeadersSummitinWashington,DC
The most rewarding part of my work is knowing that what I do helps make a real difference in communities Being able to contribute to projects that tackle some of the world’s biggest challengesgivesmeadeepsenseofpurpose It’sinspiringtosee howtheworkwedocancreatepositive,lastingchange,whether it’s helping communities access cleaner energy or supporting initiatives that promote sustainability The impact we’re driving isn’tjustaboutbig-picturegoals;it’saboutimprovinglivesonthe ground and making the world a better place for future generations Thatsenseofmakingameaningfuldifferenceiswhat keepsmemotivatedeveryday.
Throughoutmycareer,I’vehadmanyexcitingmoments,butone of the most consistent highlights is being invited to speak to studentsandyoungpeopleaboutenergyaccessandmypersonal journey. It’s incredibly fulfilling to share my experiences and insights with the next generation, especially when I see their enthusiasm and curiosity about the field. I always try to inspire thembyshowinghowdiverseandimpactfulacareerinthisfield can be, and how they have the potential to shape the future. Whether it’s sharing the challenges I’ve faced, the lessons I’ve learned, or just offering practical advice, I find it energizing to connectwithyoungpeoplewhoareeagertomakeadifference
"Being able to contribute to projects that tackle some of the world’s biggest challenges gives me a deep sense of purpose. " -ChiagozieObuekwe
Outside of work, I am passionate about playing sports, volunteeringandfixingcars
Theenergysectorgloballyisevolvingrapidly;therefore,Ibelieve the work that I do in supporting strategic energy planning and delivering innovative projects that are both technically and economically feasible plays a crucial role in achieving a net zero future
What advice do you have for someone new to the industry?
1 Stay informed The energy sector is vast and constantly evolving,sotakethetimetounderstandthefundamentalsofyour area, whether it's renewable energy or energy policy. Learn the terminology, trends, and challenges shaping the industry. Stay curious and keep up with the latest developments. This knowledgewillnotonlyhelpyoucontributemeaningfullybutalso earnyoucredibilitywithyourpeers.
2.Beconfident.It’snormaltofeelabitoutofyourdepthatfirst, butdon’tletthatholdyouback.Trustinyourabilitytolearnand adapt.Speakup,askquestions,andshareyourperspectivewhen you can. Confidence doesn’t mean you need to have all the answers,it’saboutbeingwillingtoengageandlearnasyougo.
3. Network. Relationships are everything in this industry. Attend conferences,industryevents,andwebinars Introduceyourselfto peopleinthefield,askabouttheirexperiences,andlistentotheir advice Networkingisn’tjustaboutexchangingbusinesscards;it’s about building genuine connections that can support and guide you throughout your career And remember, people love helping thosewhoareenthusiasticandeagertolearn!
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African Union Commission - Ethiopia
Description: Individual Consultant to Support the Review and Development of the Programme Action, Preparation of the Logical Framework Matrix and Performance Based Budget for the African Union Partnership Performance Acceleration Programme
Closing date: 02 July 2025 at 15h00 Local Time
https://au int/sites/default/files/bids/44888-Bidding Document -TOR AUPPAP - REV pdf
Kenya Power Pension Fund
Description: Provision of Strategic Development Consultancy Services.
Closing date: 10 July 2025 at 11h30
https://tenders go ke/storage/Documents/1748940145936-tender-docuemnt pdf
Eastern Water and Sewerage Company Limited - Zambia
Description: Tender for Construction of a Water supply system in Magazine Area in Chipata District- CDF Support Project
Closing date: 14 July 2025 at 14h00
https://eprocure.zppa.org.zm/epps/cft/prepareViewCfTWS.do?resourceId=16266041
Public Private Partnership Commission (PPPC) - Malawi
Description: Supply, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of Portable ID Biometric Registration Kits for National Registration Bureau
Closing date: 22 July 2025 at 10h00 AM Local Time
https://ppda.mw/storage/documents/opentenders/SPN%20%20Supply,%20Installation,%20Commissioning%20and%20Maintenance%20of%20ID%20Biometric%20Registration%20Kits% 20for%20NRB.pdf
Ministry of Health - Uganda
Description: Establishment of a framework contract for the maintenance and repair of Oxymat Oxygen plants
Closing date: 11 July 2025
https://egpuganda.go.ug/index/278953875 egp
Saudi Fund for Development – Republic of Tunisia
Description: Civil works
Closing date: 06 October 2025 at 12h00
https://www sfd gov sa/en/tenders/civil-works-6
DAVID JARRETT
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SILPA KANGHONO COORDINATOR:DIGITALMARKETINGAND EVENTS @RDJPUBLISHING
NAEMI SHOOPALA RESEARCHER&ANALYST: ENERGYECONOMICS
CHILOMBOOLGAPRISCILA CONTRIBUTINGAUTHOR @RDJGROUP
NICOLE FELIX CHIEFDESIGNER (LAYOUTANDDESIGN)
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GRACE KANGOTUE CHIEFRESEARCHER/ECONOMIST DEPUTYEDITOR @RDJCONSULTING
RENEEJARRETT EXECUTIVE-ADMINISTRATION @RDJGROUP
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