Name Infectious Rhinitis
Description Cause: Adenovirus/ ECHO/ rhinovirus Lead: Secondary bacterial infection
Pathology Edematous nasal mucosa Enlarged turbinate Suppurative exudate (bacterial infection)
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
Cause: Reaction to Allergens IgE mediated immune response
Marked mucosal edema, redness, mucous secretion/ Nasal leukocyte infiltration (Eosinophil)
Cause: Chronic Rhinitis Lead: nasal polyps (Edematous protrusions)
異常／表面光滑
Nasal Polyps
Acute sinusitis
Cause: acute/ chronic rhinitis maxillary sinusitis: periapical infection Lead: spreading- orbit, brain, dural sinus
Inverted papilloma
Cause: local tumor, nose + paranasal sinus Lead: Malignant transformation
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Reactive nodule (vocal cord polyps)
Cause: EBV (non-keratinizing squamous cell/ Undifferentiated Cell) Lead: invasion- skull, cavernous sinus, orbit, nasal cavity, cervical lymph nodes infection Cause: overuse (Singer’s nodule)
Benign/ metaplastic squamous epithelium 表面不光滑
Sessile or pedunculated nodule Covered by intact mucosa
Squamous papilloma
Cause: Single lesion/Adult HPV type 6, 11
Squamous papillomatosis
Cause: Multi lesion/ Child HPV type 6, 11 位在 vocal cord (glottic)
Squamous cell Carcinoma
95% malignant tumor./ 1/3 dies Cause: HPV, Smoking, asbestos Clinical: 吞嚥困難 dysphagia／咳血 hemoptysis Acute, chronic Inflammation Clinic: 小孩／幼兒 Lead: eardrum, mastoid process, cranial vault, abscess
Serous exudate (viral) Suppurative (bacterial: Strep., H. influenza)
Cause: Chronic inflammation, eardrum perforation Squamous epi. Ingrowth and form cyst
Cystic lesion (Keratinized sq. epi. + metaplastic mucus-secreting epi.) Amorphous debris, spicules of cholesterol
Otitis Media
Cholesteatoma（珍珠液瘤）
Nasopharyngeal/ Ear/ Larynx Pathology [2014.01.05] NYMU 10001085