Women's Studies Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Women's Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the roles, experiences, and contributions of women across cultures and throughout history. The course explores topics such as gender identity, social and political rights, representation in media, and intersections with race, class, and sexuality. By analyzing feminist theories, social movements, and key historical events, students gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by women and the ongoing efforts toward gender equality. Through critical analysis and discussion, Women's Studies encourages students to reflect on societal structures and envision pathways to a more equitable world.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Q1) The proportion of male-only studies has ________ since the 1970s.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) stayed the same
D) alternately increased and decreased
Answer: B
Q2) When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having a(n) ________ sample, but little explanation is given for an ________ sample.
A) all-male; all-female
B) mixed-sex; all-male
C) all-white; all-black
D) all-female; all-male
Answer: D
Q3) In a research process, a researcher should start by
A) collecting and analyzing data so that patterns of results become clear.
B) generating a question to be answered by gathering information systematically.
C) devising materials such as questionnaires or laboratory setups.
D) choosing research participants.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Q1) Zimmerman & West (1975) found in male-female conversations that
A) interruptions were equally divided between the speakers.
B) over 95 percent of interruptions were by male speakers.
C) over 75 percent of interruptions were by female speakers.
D) men did not use conversation to assert their status.
Answer: B
Q2) To avoid being called names by the men working for her, Mikhala goes out of her way to appear warm and friendly. She is utilizing ________.
A) a double bind
B) visual dominance
C) a gender management strategy
D) neosexism
Answer: C
Q3) When people become gender-typed, they
A) become aware of their biological sex.
B) realize their biological sex is permanent.
C) ascribe to themselves cultural traits, behaviors, and roles normative for people of their sex.
D) realize their gender is permanent.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Q1) Which of the following is measured as the proportion of the overall image devoted to the face when the media represent men and women?
A) face-ism
B) body-ism
C) man-ism
D) woman-ism
Answer: A
Q2) According to Fredrickson and Roberts (1997), when a woman is objectified, she is being
A) treated as a body or a collection of body parts.
B) considered as a person with thoughts and feelings of her own.
C) valued only if she is knowledgeable about linguistic sexism.
D) treated at par with her male counterpart.
Answer: A
Q3) An example of linguistic sexism in English is the
A) use of the term "suffragist."
B) description of a woman versus a man as a professor.
C) use of terms such as "poet" or "actor" for both sexes.
D) use of the term "man" to refer to humans in general.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Q1) Describe the differences between cultures that value an independent self versus those that value an interdependent self.
Q2) Which of the following helps children learn what it means to experience an emotion, what others expect them to perceive, and how they are supposed to recognize emotions in others?
A) feeling rules
B) display rules
C) the differences tradition
D) the similarities tradition
Q3) In general, the cognitive ability and skills of males and females can be described as A) similar.
B) very similar in a few areas but quite dissimilar in others.
C) very dissimilar in most areas.
D) dissimilar.
Q4) Briefly describe the process of meta-analysis and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Is meta-analysis a value-free methodology? Why or why not?
Q5) What are display rules? Provide examples in your discussion.
Q6) Explain why women's "emotionality" is rooted in a sociocultural context.
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the Intersex Society of North America?
A) It is a nonprofit organization.
B) It is dedicated to ending shame, secrecy, and unwanted genital surgeries on people born with an anatomy that someone decided is not standard for male or female.
C) It was founded by Cheryl Chase in 1993.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Under normal circumstances, the biological aspects of sex (chromosomes, hormones, internal organs, genitals, etc.) and the social aspects of gender (assigned sex, gender identity, etc.) are congruent. Discuss cases in which they are NOT congruent and how gender is socially constructed in these cases.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a possible result of intersexuality?
A) An individual with a penis and testicles happens to menstruate.
B) A person who has lived as a man happens to have a baby.
C) A person has both a penis and a vagina.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Explain Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner syndrome in terms of chromosomal abnormalities, reproductive capabilities, and external appearances.
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) In a longitudinal study that followed 587 White and Latina girls from the ages of 13 to 18, Impett et al. (2011) found that during the high school years, ________.
A) the interest in getting cosmetic surgery increased
B) self-esteem dropped
C) depressive symptoms increased
D) body objectification dropped
Q2) Martin and Halverson (1983) conducted an experiment in which 5- and 6-year-old children saw pictures of boys and girls doing stereotype-consistent activities and stereotype-inconsistent ones. Which of the following results was found when they tested the children's memory for the pictures a week later?
A) The children tended to misremember the stereotype-inconsistent pictures.
B) The children tended to forget the stereotype-consistent pictures.
C) The boys in the group were more likely than the girls to remember the pictures in which the girls performed stereotype-inconsistent activities.
D) The girls in the group were more likely than the boys to remember the pictures in which the boys performed stereotype-inconsistent activities.
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Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) Sexual scripts operate at ________ levels.
A) societal, interactional, and individual
B) intimate, subjective, and objective
C) interpersonal and intrapersonal
D) sociocultural and cultural
Q2) Define the term "lesbian." Identify some of the problems that are encountered while trying to produce a definition of such women.
Q3) According to Opperman et al. (2014), both men and women experienced better orgasms when they
A) ignored each other's sexual preferences.
B) refrained from engaging in sexual fantasies while masturbating.
C) were comfortable with their partner.
D) engaged in casual sex relationships through booty calls.
Q4) Are egalitarian heterosexual dating relationships possible? Are they possible at your college or university? Discuss.
Q5) Explain why teens don't use condoms consistently despite the fact that they know about condom effectiveness for preventing pregnancy and STIs.
Q6) What is meant by the terms "sexual scripts" and "sexual double standard"?
Q7) Describe a few ways in which different cultures control women's sexuality.
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) What social and economic factors account for the current trend of marrying later in the United States and Western Europe?
Q2) Which of the following is a reason why lesbians share more leisure time than heterosexual couples?
A) Only lesbians can find a same-gender friend and a spouse in the same person.
B) Most people need a same-gender "best friend."
C) Women are socialized to have more common interests with other women than with men.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) It has been argued that marital satisfaction changes over the life cycle of a marriage. Explain what this statement means.
Q4) What factors contribute to greater male power in marriage and dating relationships? In what ways are changes in women's lives affecting the traditional power balance?
Q5) Suggest two or three factors accounting for the increased rate of divorce in the United States over the past 40 years.
Q6) Compare equality in lesbian relationships with equality in heterosexual relationships.
Q7) What are the factors responsible for women losing out financially with divorce?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Q1) What are the pros and cons of using anesthetics during labor?
Q2) In the context of mothering, which of the following is an ideology that assumes that having children is a natural human instinct and a normal part of heterosexual adulthood?
A) reproductive freedom
B) pronatalism
C) the motherhood mystique
D) geneticism
Q3) What are additional strains on lesbian couples who have children? How are children affected by having lesbian parents?
Q4) ________ is a concept that includes a range of issues, such as the right to comprehensive and unbiased sex education, access to safe and reliable contraception, an end to forced sterilization and forced birth control for poor and minority women, and access to safe and legal abortion.
A) Pronatalism
B) The motherhood mystique
C) The myth of equality
D) Reproductive freedom
Q5) Define pronatalism. Discuss the major issues related to this ideology.
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Q1) Which of the following results in less severe cases and lower rates of sexual harassment?
A) when workplaces have clear, well-publicized policies on sexual harassment
B) when supervisors support sexual harassment policies
C) when supervisors punish harassers
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) What are the characteristics of high-achieving women? What are the factors that affect women's career development?
Q3) In the context of hostile environment harassment, which of the following qualifies as a hostile climate?
A) an occasional sexist remark
B) a supervisor asking an employee to go out on a date
C) a casual sexist joke over coffee
D) sexist behavior interfering with work
Q4) What are the consequences resulting from sexual harassment in the workplace?
Q5) Which of the following is an example of tokenism?
A) a solo woman in an otherwise all-male group
B) a lone man in an otherwise all-female group
C) a single Black in an otherwise all-White group
D) All of these answers are correct.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Q1) Identify a true statement about ageism.
A) Most people accept ageism and age gracefully without resistance.
B) Medical care and employment are the only areas free of ageism.
C) Middle-aged people hold the most ageist attitudes.
D) Ageism is limited to only disabled seniors.
Q2) What are the costs and rewards of caregiving for women?
Q3) About ________ of all poor older adults in the United States are women.
A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) half
D) two-thirds
Q4) According to research, who among the following does NOT generally provide elder care?
A) women who are disabled themselves
B) women who are too stressed
C) women who are married or have children
D) Asian American men
Q5) What are the additional strains on the surviving member of a lesbian couple?
Q6) What are the stresses and problems typically faced by widows? How well do widows cope compared to widowers, and why?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Q1) The idea that men are unceasingly and unapologetically violent in abusive relationships
A) is belied by the cyclical pattern of most domestic violence.
B) holds up under research.
C) is true primarily in White relationships.
D) is true primarily in teen relationships.
Q2) Describe the research on rape and sexual assault. How does it differ from stereotypes about sexual attacks?
Q3) In the United States, the most common form of rape involves an assault by a
A) stranger.
B) gang.
C) friend or former intimate partner.
D) drug fiend.
Q4) ________ is sexually themed material including violence, dehumanization, degradation, or abuse toward women.
A) Pornography
B) Erotica
C) Sexually explicit media
D) XXX
Q5) Differentiate between common couples violence and patriarchal terrorism.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Q1) Which of the following is true of a number of women with eating disorders?
A) They also have depression.
B) They also have anxiety.
C) They are socially rewarded for their low weight.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Until 1973, ________ was included in the DSM as a mental illness.
A) self-defeating personality disorder
B) menstruation
C) hysteria
D) homosexuality
Q3) Studies of the relationship between depression and gender reveal that
A) gender roles may be more important than biological sex in affecting women's behaviors associated with depression.
B) biological sex may be more important than gender roles in affecting behaviors associated with depression among men.
C) biological sex may be more important than gender roles in affecting behaviors associated with depression among women.
D) gender roles and biological sex are similarly related to behaviors associated with depression.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Q1) Identify a true statement about the second wave of feminist activists.
A) They included suffragists who achieved the vote for women in the early 1900s.
B) They aimed at eliminating global trafficking in girls and women.
C) They were depicted by political cartoonists as ugly, cigar-smoking, angry women who foist their babies off on men.
D) They worked on issues such as workplace equality and nonsexist child raising.
Q2) In an ethnically diverse sample of nearly 500 college students, psychologist Kristin Anderson and her colleagues (2009) found that feminists
A) had significantly less hostility toward men than non-feminists.
B) were more likely to have non-feminist mothers than non-feminists.
C) were less likely to take women's studies courses than non-feminists.
D) had more problems seeing through and rejecting unrealistic ideals for women than non-feminists.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of feminists?
A) They are often portrayed as lesbians.
B) They are often portrayed as man-hating women.
C) They are often portrayed as fighting with each other.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) How will you deal with the backlash and stereotypes that are faced by feminists?
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