Western Societies: 1500 to Present Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments that have shaped Western societies from 1500 to the present. Students examine the transformative events of the early modern period, including the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution, and analyze how these laid the foundation for modernity. The course also investigates the rise of nation-states, revolutions, industrialization, imperialism, the World Wars, and movements for social and political change. Through primary and secondary sources, students gain a deeper understanding of how Western societies have interacted with, influenced, and been influenced by global dynamics, while critically assessing the legacies and challenges of the modern era.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Swiss religious reformer who established the Protestant Reformation in Zurich was
A) Melenchthon.
B) Hutter.
C) Zwingli.
D) Servetis.
E) Calvin.
Answer: C
Q2) The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was
A) Philip II of Spain.
B) Henry VII of England.
C) Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) Henry IV of France.
E) James IV of Scotland.
Answer: A
Q3) The St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 involved the massacring of nearly 3,000 Huguenots in Paris.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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1500-1800
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Sample Questions
Q1) Portugal's handicap in its attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade was that A) Portugal was too far away.
B) the kingdom was too small, lacking a sufficient population to govern an empire.
C) it was too religious.
D) the Portuguese were satisfied by their control of Brazil, which brought more wealth.
E) it was conquered by France and was incorporated into that kingdom for a long period.
Answer: B
Q2) The conquistador who conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531 was A) Cortez.
B) de Soto.
C) Coronado.
D) de las Casas.
E) Pizarro.
Answer: E
Q3) Ptolemy's Geography
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) What permanent alterations to Europe did the Thirty Years' War make?
Answer: The Thirty Years' War had several permanent alterations to Europe.
1. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended the war and established the principle of state sovereignty, marking the beginning of modern international relations and the concept of nation-states.
2. The war led to the decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg dynasty's power, shifting the balance of power in Europe.
3. It also resulted in significant population loss and economic devastation in many parts of Europe, leading to changes in social and economic structures.
4. The war had lasting effects on religious tolerance, leading to the recognition of Protestantism in many parts of Europe and the establishment of religious freedom in some regions.
5. The war also contributed to the development of standing armies and modern warfare tactics, changing the nature of military conflict in Europe. Overall, the Thirty Years' War had a profound and lasting impact on the political, social, and religious landscape of Europe.
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Page 5
Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following upon Copernicus's heliocentric theories
A) Johannes Kepler used data to derive laws of planetary motion that confirmed Copernicus's heliocentric theory but that showed the orbits were elliptical.
B) Kepler observed the heavens and proved that planetary motion was circular around the sun.
C) Kepler used magic to prove that the earth moved in a manner based on geometric figures, trying to bring harmony of the human soul into alignment with the universe.
D) Galileo and Kepler demonstrated that the motion of the planets is steady and unchanging.
E) Kepler discovered the three laws of thermodynamics.
Q2) All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution except
A) the practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth-century universities.
B) mathematical and naturalistic skills of Renaissance artists.
C) the Hermetic belief in magic and alchemy.
D) the humanists' rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers.
E) the inspired work of a few intellectuals.
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:
A) proper child rearing and human education
B) the best roles for women in making modern society
C) the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament
D) the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons
E) the evils of child abuse.
Q2) Cesare Beccaria
Q3) chapbooks
Q4) Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?
A) Baron Paul d'Holbach
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Denis Diderot
D) Francois Quesnay
E) Voltaire
Q5) Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?
Q6) Rococo
Page 7
Q7) Henry Fielding's History of Tom Jones, A Foundling
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Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) A continuing trend throughout eighteenth-century Prussia was
A) the uncontrollable growth of the royal state bureaucracy.
B) the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility.
C) an avoidance of military entanglements, especially under Frederick the Great.
D) social mobility for the peasants through the civil service.
E) the emergence of the bourgeoisie as the dominant class of society.
Q2) The domestic system of industrial production in Flanders and England became known as the
A) manorial system.
B) cottage system.
C) mercantile system.
D) laissez-faire.
E) the putting-in system.
Q3) At the beginning of the eighteenth century,
A) the old order was under severe attack.
B) the old order still remained strong.
C) republicanism was in ascendant.
D) enlightened absolutism had proved to be a failure.
E) democracy was spreading.
Q4) Thomas Gainsborough
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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122 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) fraternite
Q2) Maximilien Robespierre
Q3) The phrase "politically quiescent" captures the mood of the late eighteenth century.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the French Revolution with previous revolutions in England and America.
Q5) As First Consul and as Emperor, Napoleon both destroyed and preserved aspects of the revolution.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Declaration of Pillnitz
Q7) escape to Varennes
Q8) Georges Danton
Q9) First Consul and Emperor
A)True Page 9
Q10) Napoleon's greatest victory was over the Russians and the Austrians in 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar.
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Page 10
Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to Britain, American industrialization was a capital-intensive endeavor because
A) Britain had more unskilled laborers.
B) there was a skilled labor surplus in the U.S.
C) there was a skilled labor surplus in Britain.
D) there was a larger pool of unskilled laborers in the U.S.
E) there was a labor surplus in the U.S.
Q2) Britain's Poor Law Commission
Q3) Edwin Chadwick
A) was a leader in expressing the dislike of the middle class for the working poor.
B) wrote the Treatise on the Iron Law of Wages.
C) advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britain's first Public Health Act.
D) was representative of the new entrepreneurial, industrial class.
E) opposed any and all government involvement in economic and social issues.
Q4) James Hargreaves' spinning jenny
Q5) Luddites
Q6) Chartism and the People's Charter
Q7) the factory
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Sample Questions
Q1) At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism
A) sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.
B) became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.
C) sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.
D) was never popular among the political elite of Europe.
E) championed individual rights and laissez-faire government.
Q2) Germanic Confederation
Q3) Thomas Malthus
Q4) What might be political romanticism? Define it and give examples from the first half of the nineteenth century.
Q5) Klemens von Metternich
A) supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B) thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C) had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D) was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E) believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.
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Q6) During the 1830s and 1840s, did Britain undergo a silent revolution of laws and gradual shifts?
Chapter
10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1871, William I was proclaimed Kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in
A) Berlin.
B) Frankfort.
C) Paris.
D) Versailles.
E) Rome.
Q2) As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck
A) instituted vital liberal land reforms.
B) largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization.
C) was totally dependent on the Prussian military.
D) was extremely unpopular among ordinary Germans.
E) opposed any wars, always relying upon diplomacy as alternatives.
Q3) Like most of the other nations of Europe, Britain experienced a violent revolution in 1848, a revolution that resulted in the urban working classes taking control of Parliament in the elections of 1849.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dmitri Mendeleyev
Q5) "iron and blood" and Realpolitik
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was a major development in British politics before 1914?
A) the continual growth of political democracy
B) the peaceful and successful settlement of the "Irish question"
C) the transformation of the Fabians into the Conservatives
D) the reduction of the power of the House of Commons
E) the strengthening of the monarchy after the death of Queen Victoria
Q2) Which of the following statements best applies to Austria-Hungary before World War I?
A) Both Austria and Hungary had working parliamentary systems.
B) The Magyars dominated politics in Austria under Emperor William II.
C) The nationality problem remained unresolved.
D) Prime minister Count Edward von Taafe was ousted in 1893 by the Slavic minorities for his failure to make concessions to them.
E) By 1900 it had become a federal state, with seven different constitutional regions enjoying domestic self-rule.
Q3) internal combustion engine
Q4) Reform Act of 1884
Q5) music halls and dance halls
Q6) Wilbur and Orville Wright
Page 14
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Chapter
12: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914
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Q1) Camille Pissarro and Claude Monet
Q2) Who said, "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections."
A) David Lloyd George
B) Cecil Rhodes
C) Otto von Bismarck
D) Leopold II
E) Henry Stanley
Q3) The Boer War was fought by the British in
A) Australia.
B) China.
C) Zimbabwe.
D) Botswana.
E) South Africa.
Q4) Modernism in music included all of the following elements except A) attraction to the exotic.
B) the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.
C) nationalist themes.
D) folk music.
E) the lure of the primitive.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) In World War I, the participating states gave industrialists and businessmen greater freedom and independence from government regulations under the assumption that laissez-faire capitalism would be more efficient and productive in achieving the hoped-for victory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Leon Trotsky
Q3) soviets
Q4) Which pair of nations had not practiced conscription prior to World War I?
A) Germany and Austria-Hungary
B) Great Britain and the United States
C) France and Great Britain
D) Italy and Germany
E) Russia and France
Q5) The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent
A) America's entry into the war.
B) war.
C) a prolonged two-front war.
D) a war of attrition.
E) a European-wide war.
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Woman into the home"
Q2) Which one of the following states first adopted fascism?
A) Germany
B) Spain
C) Italy
D) Russia
E) Canada
Q3) How many Italians are estimated to have died during World War I
A) zero (as they did not participate)
B) 1 millions
C) 700,000
D) 100,000
E) 50,000
Q4) Walter Gropius was best known for his
A) "socialist realism" paintings.
B) atonal, experimental music.
C) revolutionary directions in theater.
D) post-modern architectural designs.
E) ideas of functionalism in architecture.
Q5) Ataturk and Mohandas Gandhi
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who bears responsibility for the enactment of the "Final Solution"?
Q2) Blitzkrieg
Q3) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the main priority for the United States was
A) defeating Japan as quickly as possible.
B) recovering the Hawaiian Islands.
C) defeating Germany first and then turning its great naval war machine against Japan.
D) to remain neutral, while buying time to build up industrial and military supplies.
E) defending "Fortress America" from the expected combined Japanese and German invasion of the United States.
Q4) Munich Conference
Q5) Luftwaffe
Q6) Who became the new prime minister of Great Britain in May, 1940?
A) Neville Chamberlain.
B) Gordon Brown.
C) Winston Churchill.
D) Harry Truman.
E) Benjamin Disraeli.
Q7) Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cuban Missile Crisis
Q2) Berlin Wall
Q3) Yugoslavia from World War II through the 1960 was characterized by
A) its close alliance with the West in the Cold War.
B) a strict adherence to Stalinist-style Communism.
C) the leadership of Tito, who asserted Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union.
D) its adoption of a Maoist rather than the Stalinist model of communism.
E) its complete rejection of Marxian economics.
Q4) NATO and COMECON
Q5) Jackson Pollock and Abstract Expressionism
Q6) Truman and his Western European allies responded to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 by
A) building the Berlin Wall.
B) airlifting supplies into Berlin.
C) bombing Moscow.
D) sending a UN force to reopen the access routes.
E) threatening nuclear war.
Q7) Bay of Pigs
Q8) Warsaw Pact
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World,
1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) the "evil empire"
Q2) Allen Kaprow and "happenings"
Q3) After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon relied upon a
A) sunbelt strategy.
B) beltway strategy.
C) white collar strategy.
D) southern strategy.
E) rainbow coalition strategy.
Q4) What major economic problems and consequences that plagued the West during the 1970s?
Q5) An important figure in the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL was
A) J.Robert Oppenheimer.
B) Karl Barth.
C) Grace Hopper.
D) William Gates.
E) Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Q6) "peace and love"
20
Q7) punk rock and the Sex Pistols and hip-hop and Grandmaster Flash
Q8) the "four olds" and "permanent revolution" and the Red Guards
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which party won nearly 50 percent of the vote in East Germany's 1990 election?
A) the Nazis
B) the Communists
C) the Christian Democrats
D) the Green Party
E) the Libertarians
Q2) In the immediate aftermath of 9/11, the United States initially waged war in A) Iraq.
B) the Persian Gulf.
C) Iran.
D) Pakistan.
E) Afghanistan.
Q3) global warming/greenhouse effect
Q4) Under Vladimir Putin's presidency, all of the following occurred except A) power was centralized in the federal government.
B) Russia ended its war in Chechnya.
C) as many as 40 percent of the population lived in poverty.
D) the economy grew significantly and the government had a budget surplus.
E) the economy significantly depended upon exports of oil and natural gas.
Q5) Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds
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