Western Political Thought
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Course Introduction
Western Political Thought explores the evolution of political ideas and theories that have shaped the governance, society, and culture of the Western world from ancient Greece to the modern era. The course examines seminal thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Mill, and Marx, analyzing their contributions to concepts like democracy, justice, liberty, rights, power, and the state. Through critical examination of primary texts and historical contexts, students gain a deep understanding of how foundational political philosophies continue to influence contemporary political systems and debates.
Recommended Textbook
Political Science An Introduction 14th Global Edition by Michael G. Roskin
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Chapter 1: Politics and Political Science
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Q1) Voting for someone who is charismatic but whose policies might not benefit you would be considered __________ behavior.
A)irrational
B)rational
C)legitimate
D)selfish
Answer: A
Q2) If it can be measured using numbers,it can be __________.
A)quantified
B)qualified
C)hypothesized
D)theorized
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following concepts did Machiavelli contribute to the study of politics?
A)social contract theory
B)the role of power in politics
C)the role of wealth in society
D)the connection between race and politics
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Political Ideologies
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Q1) Modern conservatism combines which of these sets of views?
A)Hegel's economic views and Green's social views
B)Burke's economic views and Hegel's social views
C)Green's economic views and Smith's social views
D)Smith's economic views and Burke's social views
Answer: D
Q2) The fact that socialism still exists in a number of countries supports the ideas of Francis Fukuyama.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Why was Titoism ultimately unsuccessful in Yugoslavia?
A)It created an unstable system centered on the charisma of a single leader.
B)It was so ideologically extreme that it failed to gain widespread public support.
C)It rendered the nation vulnerable to exploitation by advanced capitalist countries.
D)It aimed at submerging ethnic identities beneath an overarching nationalist identity.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: States
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Q1) The upper chamber of a parliament usually represents the components of a federal system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which statement best depicts China?
A)Since its reforms,China has become less capitalistic.
B)China has adopted state ownership of the economy,but has democratic political views.
C)China has become more capitalistic economically,but has an authoritarian political structure.
D)China has become democratic politically and more capitalistic.
Answer: C
Q3) Why have U.S.states been called laboratories of democracy?
A)They demonstrate the ideal structure of democracy in a unitary state.
B)They are forced to alter national policies that they disagree with.
C)Democracy is practiced at the state level but not at the national level.
D)States can experiment with new programs,which,if successful,can be copied nationwide.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Constitutions and Rights
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Q1) Limits on free speech in the United States usually connect with __________.
A)religious extremism
B)ideological conflict
C)national security concerns
D)the rise of protest movements
Q2) Why was it significant that the Bush administration deemed suspected terrorists as "unlawful enemy combatants"?
A)It brought U.S.law in line with the Geneva Conventions.
B)It made it intentionally unclear how the suspects would be treated.
C)It allowed the United States to treat these suspects as criminals,which guaranteed them a right to trial.
D)It was the first time the government held prisoners under a different standard than the "clear and present danger" test.
Q3) Which idea did the Code of Hammurabi contribute to the modern concept of constitutionalism?
A)The values of democracy and liberty must be evenly balanced.
B)Constitutions should be easily adjusted to reflect social change.
C)The supreme law of the land should be clear and written down.
D)Constitutions should be vague enough to allow for evolving interpretations.
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Chapter 5: Regimes
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Q1) What evidence would pluralists most likely cite to support their claims that elites are ultimately accountable?
A)the comparative wealth of most members of Congress
B)tax cuts given to the richest 1 percent of the population
C)the millions spent by corporations to back the major political parties
D)the millions of dollars that tobacco firms have paid out in lawsuits and settlements
Q2) After the Arab Spring,Egypt developed a fully democratic regime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) States with which type of government regularly use organized terror and violence against citizens to maintain control and achieve goals?
A)socialism
B)oligarchy
C)totalitarianism
D)illiberal democracy
Q4) Petrostates are not generally ready for democracy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Political Culture
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Q1) Convention delegates tend to be more __________ than average voters.
A)apathetic
B)educated
C)religious
D)mainstream
Q2) Political culture is a combination of deeply held values and __________.
A)reactions to current events
B)political cynicism
C)the size of the civil society
D)the prosperousness of a nation's elite
Q3) One plausible explanation for Quebec's desire for separation from Canada is that
A)bilingualism and multiculturalism can lead to national fragmentation
B)mainstream culture is inherently shallow and inferior
C)nations need one national language for true patriotism to take hold
D)the Quebecois became far too liberal to fit in with the rest of Canada
Q4) The parents of peers are a recognized influence in the formation of most people's political values.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Public Opinion
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Q1) Which of these statements about the role of race and ethnicity in politics is the most accurate?
A)The party loyalties of ethnic groups rarely change.
B)Politics based on ethnicity have the potential to be fluid and change over time.
C)Religion is much more important than race and ethnicity in shaping public opinion.
D)Ethnic consciousness has little effect on public opinion in heterogeneous nations like the United States.
Q2) Which pair of independent and dependent variables cannot reasonably be reversed?
A)race (independent)and annual income (dependent)
B)annual income (independent)and level of education (dependent)
C)weekly TV consumption (independent)and party affiliation (dependent)
D)weekly TV consumption (independent)and level of education (dependent)
Q3) Which type of distribution curve is the most dangerous for a democracy?
A)bell-shaped
B)bimodal
C)rightward-skewed
D)unimodal
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Chapter 8: Political Communication
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Q1) The lack of government control over communications in the United States reflects __________.
A)Americans' belief in equality
B)a strong tradition of individualism
C)the widespread commitment to non-paternalism
D)the impact of political deadlock on common-sense regulation
Q2) Most newspaper revenue comes from advertising rather than subscription fees.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is one way in which television influenced the 1960s civil-rights movement that print and radio did not?
A)Television pundits advocated for non-violent resistance.
B)Television directly communicated commentators' opinions.
C)Television showed police attacking peaceful demonstrators.
D)Television allowed news anchors to editorialize about the events.
Q4) Which of these is a difference between newspapers and blogs?
A)Newspapers have less impact than blogs.
B)Blogs offer more verified data than newspapers.
C)Newspapers offer more objective coverage than blogs.
D)Blogs are more likely to include lengthy investigative reporting pieces.
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Chapter 9: Interest Groups
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Q1) Which of these concepts is most strongly associated with Henry David Thoreau,Mahatma Gandhi,and Martin Luther King,Jr.?
A)civil disobedience
B)corporatism
C)racial profiling
D)structured access
Q2) Interest groups in the United States work through the legislative and executive branches but not the judicial branch.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Interest groups and political parties perform the same function in the political system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A government-created interest group is one that results from __________.
A)a schism within a political party
B)passage of campaign-finance limits
C)creation of a government program or bureaucracy
D)the deregulation of private fund-raising activities
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Chapter 10: Parties
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Q1) Which statement describes the long-term trend for political parties in the United States?
A)They are becoming more organized and offering voters a greater variety of choice on election day.
B)They are increasingly prone to interest group influence and the erosion of traditional party functions.
C)They are becoming increasingly centralized and less dependent on outside donors for their financial resources.
D)They are moving toward devotee parties with highly organized subcultures and narrow,highly ideological policies.
Q2) In the current political environment,a party's brand is most likely to be a result of
A)focus group studies
B)the country's system of representation
C)influence from ideologically-pure think tanks
D)clashes between newcomers and the establishment
Q3) Nearly every seat for public office in the United States is highly competitive.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Elections
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Q1) What is one potential downside of relying on independent voters to win an election?
A)Truly independent voters do not vote as often as voters with a party affiliation.
B)Independent voters tend to take unreasonable or extreme policy positions.
C)Independent voters do not have to register to vote before election day,so they are impossible to track and court.
D)Independent voters are more likely to live in states that are already deep red or deep blue.
Q2) Which of the following groups has the lowest voter turnout rates in America today?
A)Latinos
B)African-Americans
C)women
D)Christians
Q3) Opportunistic reaction to events composes much of political life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Legislatures
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Questions
Q1) In the United Kingdom,Question Hour __________.
A)exemplifies the direct accountability of the government to the people
B)illustrates how democratic accountability is dependent on partisan advantage
C)demonstrates how the executive branch is responsive to the legislative branch
D)shows how the executive branch has oversight over both the courts and the legislature
Q2) Which of the following is one effect of Congress's fragmentation into committees and subcommittees?
A)It delays elections.
B)It delays agreement.
C)It consolidates power in the executive branch.
D)It makes it more difficult for constituents to reach their representatives.
Q3) What distinguishes the U.S.Congress from most of the world's other bicameral parliaments?
A)It is a bicameral legislature in a unitary system.
B)The lower house is more powerful than the upper house.
C)The upper house is more powerful than the lower house.
D)The two chambers have equal power over the legislative process.
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Chapter 13: Executives and Bureaucracies
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Q1) Parkinson's Law states that procrastination makes work take at least twice as long as necessary.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was a consequence of making top Soviet bureaucrats a privileged elite?
A)The Soviet bureaucracy was very conservative.
B)It was very easy to reform the bureaucracy when communism ended.
C)The Soviet bureaucracy was better able to protect the interests of the general public.
D)Soviet bureaucrats worked harder and were more efficient than bureaucrats in Western democracies.
Q3) In what way is the bureaucracy in the United States different from most other bureaucracies in the world?
A)It operates in a strictly hierarchical fashion.
B)It is made up primarily of the president's supporters.
C)It has a greater amount of influence over policy makers.
D)It has more layers at the top made up of political appointees.
Q4) President Reagan was considered a hands-off president.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Judiciaries
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Q1) The work done by a British barrister is most similar to the work done by an American
A)administrator
B)judge
C)legislator
D)prosecutor
Q2) British judges are nominally appointed by the prime minister,but the choice is really the monarch's,based on recommendations of the lord chancellor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which factor contributed most to the development of common law?
A)a synthesis of Roman law and natural law
B)a steady rise in disputes between private parties
C)the lack of power courts had in relation to legislatures
D)the absence of formal rules that applied to most court cases
Q4) The Supreme Court has the final word on interpreting the U.S.Constitution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Political Economy
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Q1) In 2014,the federal poverty line was set at __________.
A)$14,505
B)$17,060
C)$23,550
D)$29,950
Q2) Entitlements differ from welfare because __________.
A)entitlements cost less
B)entitlements benefit the wealthy
C)welfare is more efficient to administer
D)welfare is a form of discretionary spending
Q3) President Clinton's 1996 welfare reform effort would be seen as a failure by liberals if it resulted in which of the following?
A)People got off welfare but not necessarily out of poverty.
B)Welfare dependency was replaced by reliance on entitlements.
C)Welfare recipients opted to stop receiving payments without enrolling in workfare.
D)A reduction in the tax base occurred that increased deficit spending on remaining welfare programs.
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Chapter 16: Violence and Revolution
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Q1) By the 1980s,revolutionary systems around the world were __________.
A)collapsing due to economic globalization
B)inspiring more successful revolutions in neighboring countries
C)failing or backing away from their radical ideals
D)becoming even more extremist
Q2) What is the crux of radical revolutionary thinking?
A)an economic plan to back up political idealism
B)the belief that it is possible to remake society
C)the belief that violence is an end in itself
D)the willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good
Q3) The Chinese government believes that minor reforms and __________ will prevent discontent from developing into a revolution.
A)economic growth
B)aggressive efforts to reduce pollution
C)middle-class tax cuts
D)charismatic leadership
Q4) In practice,reforms are hard to apply to corrupt regimes because the elites in power have much to lose.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: International Relations
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Q1) How is the Iranian effort to acquire nuclear capabilities an example of the problem of sovereignty?
A)Iran could potentially use a nuclear weapon to attack another sovereign nation.
B)Iran does not have the legitimate authority to break international atomic energy agreements.
C)Iran is powerless to stop other nations from imposing economic sanctions to stop its nuclear program.
D)Iran has no obligation to comply with the desire of other nations to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Q2) The recent global contraction brought a new wave of __________.
A)offshoring
B)outsourcing
C)isolationism
D)protectionism
Q3) Following 9/11,NATO forces worked to stabilize Afghanistan.
A)True
B)False
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