Western Civilization I Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Western Civilization I explores the development of Western society from its ancient beginnings through the Middle Ages. The course examines the political, cultural, intellectual, and economic foundations of Western civilization, including the rise of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, as well as the transformation of Europe through the spread of Christianity, the fall of Rome, the formation of medieval kingdoms, and the emergence of feudalism. Students will analyze key historical events, influential figures, major philosophical and religious movements, and the lasting impact these have had on the modern Western world.
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Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) Compared to Assyrian rule, Persian rule over the Near East was
A) more tolerant of different religions.
B) larger in area.
C) less terrorist.
D) more respectful of local traditions.
E) All of these
Answer: E
Q2) Which religion became the counterpart to Persian political and cultural universalism?
A) Worship of the god Marduk
B) Zoroastrianism
C) Judaism
D) The monotheism of Akhenaten
E) Janism
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) The Philistines who invaded Canaan in the early twelfth century B.C. probably came from
A) the Aegean Islands and the coast of Asia Minor.
B) Mesopotamia.
C) the Western Mediterranean.
D) Persia.
E) Palestine.
Answer: A
Q2) The prophets viewed the disparity between rich and poor
A) as a necessary distinction in all societies
B) as the fault of the Chaldeans
C) as religious sins that would ruin Israel
D) as God's punishment on the lazy
E) as God's reward for the righteous
Answer: C
Q3) Israel
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) In Plato's ideal republic
A) the citizens were to elect a single leader.
B) the philosophers were to rule absolutely.
C) an aristocratic council would elect the leaders.
D) the leader would be determined by divination.
E) the leader was to be elected democratically.
Answer: B
Q2) During the era of the Delian League
A) Athens dominated other Greek states.
B) states could withdraw from the League only after they paid a crushing fine.
C) monies from the League treasury were distributed according to estimated populations of each member state.
D) admiration for Athenian leadership among the Greeks increased.
E) Athenians saw a contradiction between democracy and imperialism.
Answer: A
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) Attila
Q2) During Diocletian and Constantine's reign the empire struggled with all of the following except
A) declining agricultural production
B) lack of food for urban poor
C) rebellions in Judea
D) large army strung out across the frontier
E) invasions across Rhine and Danube
Q3) Julius Caesar's successful campaigns in ____ revealed his exceptional talent for generalship.
A) Spain
B) Germany
C) Gaul
D) Macedonia
E) Asia Minor
Q4) Discuss the establishment of the Roman Empire, evaluating whether each of the following was particularly significant: personality, military strength, or the principle of legitimacy. How would you explain the source of sovereignty during that period?
Q5) Nero
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) The earliest surviving Christian writing(s) is/are
A) the synoptic gospels.
B) Acts of the Apostles.
C) Saint Paul's Epistles.
D) Revelation.
E) the gospel of Saint John.
Q2) Christianity and Stoicism shared similar concerns except
A) brotherhood of man
B) suppressing wild passions
C) expressing concern for others
D) listening to our inner conscience
E) the primacy of reason
Q3) What accounts for the appeal of early Christianity?
A) Roman law that forbade all foreign gods.
B) The era of Diocletian
C) The appeal of a personal relationship between the individual and god.
D) It was especially attractive to the middle classes.
E) The evolution of the pope.
Q4) While persecution of Christians did occur, explain how the Roman Empire actually encouraged the spread of Christianity?
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and
Germanic Traditions
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Q1) In exchange for a Lord's protection and a fief a vassal duties included all except
A) providing lodging if the Lord was travelling
B) supplying knights
C) serving on the Lord's courts
D) only serving one Lord
E) presenting gifts if the Lord's son was knighted
Q2) The economic foundation of Feudalism was
A) Capitalism
B) Merchantialism
C) Manorialism
D) Utopianism
E) Agrarianism
Q3) Abbasid caliphs
Q4) William the Conqueror
Q5) Concordat of Worms
Q6) What was feudalism and why did it develop in medieval Europe?
Q7) On a Map of Europe, label the modern day nations resulting from the Treaty of Verdun.
Q8) Muhammad Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) How does Marsiglio's critique anticipate modern political thought?
A) Theocracies are best to enforce Christian values.
B) States and their principles have nothing to do with religious commands.
C) Political systems deal with supernatural
D) State laws originate from a higher realm.
E) Political thinkers should attempt to make the earthly realm confirm to the articles of faith.
Q2) In what ways did Roman law influence the Middle Ages?
Q3) On the map of Europe, locate approximately where the troubadours of courtly love were prominent. Locate the University of Bologna.
Q4) Which of the following was not a factor in the cultural flowering of the twelfth century?
A) The Carolingian Renaissance was rejected for new ideas.
B) The end of invasions permitted more travel and more political stability.
C) There was recognition of the importance of classical contributions.
D) There was increasing commerce and the literacy skills associated with it.
E) Contacts with Islamic and Byzantine cultures led to the translation into Latin of ancient Greek works.
Q5) Conciliar Movement
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Individualism
Q2) Giotto's contributions to art include
A) using alterations in light and shade.
B) creating a three dimensional figure to show space.
C) using space in a painting to tell a story.
D) using illusion of movement for dramatic effect.
E) All of these were Giotto's contributions to the art of painting.
Q3) On the map of Italy, locate each of the following: Florence, where the revolt of the Ciompi occurred; Venice, which served as a model of republican government; and Lodi, where a peace treaty was signed.
Q4) The lower classes in Germany in the sixteenth century
A) were no worse off than those of England.
B) were allied with the nobility against wealthy townsmen.
C) disavowed the Holy Roman Emperor.
D) saw Luther as their ally against their oppressors.
E) revolted against their Lords with the full support of Martin Luther.
Q5) How may one argue that the Italian city-states contributed to the advance of political concepts?
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Q6) Discuss the ideas of Machiavelli. Do you think he offers a cogent message for contemporary leaders?
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) Which of the following countries chartered the United East India Company in 1602?
A) France
B) Spain
C) Belgium
D) England
E) The Dutch
Q2) The United States ended the external slave trade in
A) 1787.
B) 1800.
C) 1808.
D) 1833.
E) 1865.
Q3) Ferdinand Magellan
Q4) Louis XIV
Q5) "forced loans"
Q6) Francisco Pizarro
Q7) Referring to Map 9.1, shade in the areas that were Catholic, Protestant, and Calvinist
Q8) open-field system
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Rousseau's Emile was written about
A) political reforms.
B) slavery.
C) prison reforms.
D) economic reforms.
E) educational reforms.
Q2) The element of the American political system that aligns most with Montesquieu is
A) its election of officials by the people.
B) its Constitution established a Supreme Court
C) the core of American political power lies with the executive, legislative and judicial departments.
D) it is based on human rights and natural law.
E) a people have the right to overthrow a despotic government
Q3) Who published The Social Contract?
A) Locke
B) Hobbes
C) Diderot
D) Rousseau
E) Adam Smith
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) Why did Robespierre fall from power?
Q2) Fighting in Vendéans occurred during which period of the French Revolution?
A) Reign of Terror
B) Napoleonic Wars
C) Storming of the Bastille
D) Thermidorean Reaction
E) National Assembly
Q3) The sans-culottes feared that after the aristocracy had fallen the _______ would replace them in power due to their wealth.
A) Jacobins
B) monarchists
C) Girondins
D) bourgeoisie
E) émigrés
Q4) Thermidor
Q5) Grand Duchy of Warsaw
Q6) "the nation of shopkeepers"
Q7) Concordat of 1801
Q8) How was the French Revolution an outgrowth of the Enlightenment? Page 15
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) All of the following are true of Britain in the nineteenth century except A) it was a constitutional monarchy with many limits on the powers of the king and state.
B) it was a truly democratic state.
C) landed aristocrats dominated both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
D) the middle class and working class slowly gained the right to vote.
E) many towns continued to be governed by corrupt groups.
Q2) Each of the following refers to aspects of the Industrial Revolution except A) creation of successful labor unions.
B) new forms of power, particularly steam, replaced animal strength and human muscle.
C) better ways of obtaining and using raw materials.
D) a new way of organizing production and workers.
E) technology moved from triumph to triumph with a momentum unprecedented in human history.
Q3) What are the significant societal effects that occurred due to the Industrial Revolution?
Q4) Chartists
Q5) The Factory Act (1847)
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Johann Gottfried Herder
Q2) E. J. Hobsbawm
Q3) Which of the following remarked, "over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign...."?
A) de Maistre
B) Burke
C) David Hume
D) Lemercier
E) John Stuart Mill
Q4) What is meant by the term romanticism? hHow did the romantics differ from the philosophes?
Q5) The romantics were among the first to attack
A) human imagination.
B) industrial capitalism.
C) folk culture.
D) creative capacities inherent in emotions.
E) humanism.
Q6) Horst von Maltitz
Q7) Friedrich Schlegel
Q8) Explain the connection between romantic thought and the growth of nationalism. Page 18
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) Young Italy
Q2) The Italian leader most associated with the Risorgimento was_______.
A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) Giuseppe Garibaldi
C) Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
D) King Victor Emmanuel
E) Louis Napoleon
Q3) Which of the following leaders allowed Pope Pius IX to return to Rome?
A) Louis Napoleon
B) Cavour
C) Mazzini
D) Garibaldi
E) Victor Emmanuel
Q4) Victor Emmanuel
Q5) The Franco-Prussian War ended with the
A) crowning of William I of Prussia as Kaiser William I.
B) defeat of Austria forces by French and Prussian armies.
C) enforcement of Metternich balance of power foreign policy.
D) defeat of Prussia by Napoleon III.
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E) the unification of Germany but at the cost of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social Criticism
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Q1) Which of the following were supporters of Social Darwinism?
A) Albert Beveridge and William Smith
B) Charles Darwin and Erasmus Darwin
C) Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill
D) Auguste Comte and Leo Tolstoy
E) Albert Beveridge and Thomas Hill Green
Q2) Émile Zola
Q3) Historians would agree that Social Darwinism
A) led some to believe that the extinction of so-called "inferior races" was a good thing.
B) contended that through evolution, states would eventually eliminate war.
C) applauded the cosmopolitanism of the philosophes.
D) continued Enlightenment traditions.
E) strengthened Christian belief.
Q4) Seneca Falls
Q5) War and Peace
Q6) Madame Bovary
Q7) Thomas Hill Green
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Q8)
Q9) Gustave Flaubert
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John Stuart Mill
Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) On a map of Europe, designate those areas that may be associated with the following: home rule, Communards, Easter Rebellion, the Kulturkampf, and the Irish question.
Q2) The attitudes of the imperialists illustrated that they thought of themselves as superior to the peoples of other areas of the world. Offer some examples.
Q3) Opium War
Q4) Mao Zedong
Q5) Which area was divided by Russia and Britain at the turn of the century?
A) Egypt
B) India
C) Korea
D) Turkey
E) Persia
Q6) Russo-Japanese War
Q7) Designate, on a world map, those areas you associate with these places: Meiji Empire, the Congo Free State, and Muslim Pakistan.
Q8) Adolphe Thiers
Q9) Kulturkampf
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Q10) Taiping Rebellion
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, Human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Which pairing is incorrect
A) William Roentgen and X-rays
B) J.J. Thomson and electrons
C) Max Planck and quantum theory
D) Niels Bohr and theory of relativity
E) Werner Heisenberg and principle of uncertainty
Q2) The authors of your text contend that Freud
A) never vacillated in his basic support of reason.
B) believed that recognizing the similarity of the unconscious among human beings would lead to a confirmation and affirmation of self.
C) affirmed that the study of the unconscious would lead to a great human pride.
D) had a limited vision because he thought that the irrational could never be studied by the rational mind.
E) never wavered in his support for the irrational.
Q3) the steel cage
Q4) Pablo Picasso
Q5) Paul Klee
Q6) the id
Q7) Emile Durkheim
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) One of the first mistakes of the German Empire after 1890 was to
A) return Alsace and Lorraine to France.
B) seek friendship with Austria.
C) disavow Italian diplomatic initiatives.
D) withdraw from alliance agreements with Russia.
E) seek friendship with France.
Q2) Which of the following statements does NOT describes how European nations viewed the reign and actions of Wilhelm II?
A) Britain was concerned that Germany was a major trade rival.
B) German emphasis on colonial territory threatened England's colonial power
C) Wilhelm was set on having the greatest navy in the world overtaking England.
D) Europe saw Germany as the greatest potential in stopping the spread of communism.
E) France allied with Russia giving it potential military ability to surround Germany.
Q3) Gavrilo Princip
Q4) Using different colored pencils, fill in on a map of Europe the Triple Entente powers, the Allies of the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers.
Q5) Fourteen Points
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) In what ways did the work of Lenin contribute to an ideology of world revolution?
Q2) The Spartacists
A) attempted to establish a soviet government in Germany in 1919.
B) overthrew the weak liberal government in Italy in 1920.
C) fought Mussolini in order to protect liberty in Italy.
D) took power in Berlin and held power until Hitler was named Chancellor.
E) remained loyal to the Weimar Republic after the burning of the Reichstag.
Q3) Karl Jaspers
Q4) Kristallnacht
Q5) The results of Stalin's collectivization included which of the following?
A) More peasants owned land.
B) Kulaks became important local political leaders in the Ukraine.
C) As patriots, peasants embraced the idea of collectivization.
D) Grain was exported from the Ukraine although it meant it left little food for the starving Ukrainians.
E) The system destroyed all vintages of serfdom.
Q6) D. H. Lawrence
Q7) How would you explain the basic outlook of Oswald Spengler?
Q8) Max Beckmann
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) Munich Conference
Q2) The Japanese defeat at __________ serves as the turning point in the Pacific.
A) Philippines
B) Iwo Jima
C) Midway
D) Guadalcanal
E) Guam
Q3) Stalingrad
Q4) Following the invasion of Ethiopia, Mussolini continued to receive oil, particularly from
A) the Saudi Arabian government.
B) the Soviet government.
C) American suppliers.
D) British oil companies.
E) Russian oil companies.
Q5) On a map of East Asia, note the following sites: Midway Island, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
Q6) Final Solution
Q8) What was Hitler's New World Order? Page 28
Q7) How did the war change the role of women?
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Marshal Tito led what European country on its own non-Soviet aligned communist path?
A) Yugoslavia
B) Bulgaria
C) Romania
D) Greece
E) Hungary
Q2) The extensive economic aid the United States provided to Western Europe is generally referred to by what term?
A) The Truman Doctrine
B) The Containment Doctrine
C) The Warsaw Pact
D) The Marshall Plan
E) The London Plan
Q3) The Truman Doctrine was the centerpiece of the new policy of A) consensus.
B) concentric.
C) containment.
D) co-operation.
E) contradiction.
Page 30
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Boris Yeltsin
Q2) In May of 2004 all of the following countries joined the EU except A) Hungary.
B) Romania.
C) Latvia.
D) Estonia.
E) Poland
Q3) Third World
Q4) Which of the following describes the concerns of some Europeans toward the European Union?
A) Will the uniqueness of each nation and its people become extinct?
B) How much national power will be lost to the Union?
C) How much control will American have in the organization?
D) How will a governing body that is headquartered in a foreign nation be able to relate to each individual nation and its unique concerns and problems?
E) Each of these situations gave the Eurocrats some concern and whether they should approve the Union's new constitution.
Q5) Tony Blair
Q6) The Dayton Agreement
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