Understanding Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Understanding Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, personality, psychological disorders, and the influence of social and cultural factors. Through engaging lectures and practical examples, students gain insight into the major theories and research methods used by psychologists to understand and address real-world issues. The course emphasizes critical thinking, application of psychological principles, and self-reflection to enhance personal and academic development.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology in Your Life 1st Edition by Sarah Grison
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14 Chapters
1615 Verified Questions
1615 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing the World of Psychology
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) George is looking for a research project.To get started,he could make use of an existing theory because
A) theories are shown to be true, so subsequent research is successful.
B) one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses.
C) a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers.
D) theories lead to successful research.
Answer: B
Q2) Wilhelm randomly assigns participants to two groups and compares the group that receives a treatment with the group that receives no treatment.The group that gets the treatment is the __________ group.
A) variable
B) confound
C) experimental
D) control
Answer: C
Q3) If you were to choose a career in psychology,which subfield would interest you the most? Briefly explain your chosen subfield and the types of questions that your subfield could help answer.
Answer: Suggested answer: Answers will vary.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Role of Biology in Psychology
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Miranda is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating.The researcher tells Miranda that the rat has a brain lesion.Which part of the brain most likely has the lesion?
A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus
C) frontal lobe
D) brain stem
Answer: B
Q2) Explain the key functions of serotonin.In your answer,be sure to discuss what is associated with a lack of serotonin in the brain.
Answer: Suggested answer: Serotonin is involved in a wide range of psychological processes such as emotional states,impulse control,and dreaming.A lack of serotonin is believed to contribute to sad and anxious moods,food cravings,and aggressive behavior.
Q3) What is the endocrine system and how does it influence behavior?
Answer: Suggested answer: The endocrine system is a communication system that involves glands and hormones.The glands produce and release hormones.These hormones travel through the bloodstream and influence thoughts and actions.
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Chapter 3: Consciousness
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Altered consciousness can be achieved through all of the following EXCEPT
A) hypnosis.
B) psychoactive drug use.
C) meditation.
D) subliminal perception.
Answer: D
Q2) According to the sociocognitive theory,hypnosis
A) is a true, trancelike state.
B) is a state where conscious awareness is dissociated from the mind.
C) causes people to play the role of being hypnotized.
D) causes people to experience altered sleep patterns.
Answer: C
Q3) To be considered a hallucinogenic,a drug must
A) alter sensation and perception.
B) alter behavioral activity.
C) decrease emotional activity.
D) decrease mental activity.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Development Across the Life Span
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tanya looks back on her high school years with fondness because it was the first time she began to find others who dressed and acted like her and who held similar beliefs.Based on this information,Tanya recognizes how her identity was affected by A) her teachers.
B) her clique.
C) her parents.
D) the media.
Q2) John and Danielle want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn son Luke's crib.If they want Luke to see the objects,what should they attach to the strings?
A) pastel-colored stuffed animals
B) large black-and-white shapes
C) pictures of nature
D) brightly colored dolls
Q3) Describe your favorite toy from childhood.Evaluate how well the toy supported your development.Be specific-how did it support your physical,socio-emotional,or cognitive development? Use key terms from the chapter to explain your response.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gustation involves __________ taste buds,all located on the __________.
A) 800 to 1,000; tongue
B) 8,000 to 10,000; tongue, throat, and mouth
C) 800 to 1,000; tongue, throat, and mouth
D) 8,000 to 10,000; tongue
Q2) Which of the following detects temperature and then sends information about temperature to the brain?
A) warm and cold receptors
B) fast and slow fibers
C) cranial and spinal nerves
D) kinesthetic and vestibular senses
Q3) When Jodi walks from the sunlight into a dark theater,her __________ causes her
__________ to enlarge to let in more light.
A) iris; pupil
B) iris; lens
C) eye muscles; lens
D) eye muscles; pupil
Q4) Explain "difference threshold."
Q5) Distinguish between bottom-up and top-down processing.
Q6) Explain the steps involved in touch sensation and perception.
Page 7
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Chapter 7: Memory
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If someone asks you to describe your first day of school,you would most likely retrieve a(n)__________ memory.
A) procedural
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) semantic
Q2) Prospective memory limits the cognitive resources available for other tasks because it
A) reduces the number of items we can maintain in short-term storage.
B) interferes with information retrieval from long-term storage.
C) disrupts the encoding process in short-term storage.
D) interrupts information processing in sensory storage.
Q3) Beth recently changed her e-mail password.For the first few days after changing her password,she kept trying to log in with the old password.Which of the following was Beth experiencing?
A) anterograde amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference
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Page 8
Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your rent is due,but you are short $100.You find a way around this obstacle to meet the goal of paying the rent by offering to clean your friend's house for $100.You now have enough money to pay your rent.To reach your goal,you have just used the thinking strategy of
A) reasoning.
B) decision making.
C) problem solving.
D) framing.
Q2) Which finding is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence?
A) Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together.
B) Adopted children have IQs that are similar to their nonbiological siblings.
C) Siblings raised together have more similar IQs than siblings raised apart.
D) Identical twins raised together have more similar IQs than identical twins raised apart.
Q3) A.Describe the representativeness heuristic.
B)Explain the relationship between it and base rates.
C)Give a real-life example of the representativeness heuristic.
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One day,Bill surprises his friend Ted by jumping out from behind a tree.Ted is startled and falls backward,hitting his head on a rock.The next day,Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible.Ted may have damaged the _______ in his brain.
A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus
C) frontal lobe
D) hippocampus
Q2) Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person's facial expressions.Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona's A) hippocampus.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) thalamus.
D) amygdala.
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Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is an effect of chronic smoking?
A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumors
Q2) A BMI should be calculated before you can accurately conclude that a person is A) depressed.
B) obese.
C) a smoker.
D) malnourished.
Q3) The generalizability of the flight-or-fight response to stress has been questioned by researchers.Specifically,some believe that women respond to stressors in ways that are different from men.Discuss the way women respond to stressors and how this may have adaptive benefits for them.
Q4) If you want to increase your life span by a few years,which of the following pieces of advice is recommended?
A) Pamper yourself.
B) Increase your social support network.
C) Spend more time interacting with nature.
D) Spend more time on hobbies.
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Victor has not started his paper,which is due tomorrow.He asks his friend Christy if she will write the first sentence.Then he asks her to write the next sentence.Next,he asks if she will write the next paragraph.Finally,he asks her to outline the whole paper and she agrees.Victor has just used the __________ technique to get Christy to help him.
A) foot-in-the-door
B) door-in-the-face
C) lowballing
D) obedience
Q2) The more that Edward sees Bella on campus,the more positive his attitudes become toward her.Edward's attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of
A) the mere exposure effect.
B) attitude accessibility.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) the elaboration likelihood model.
Q3) a.Explain what implicit and explicit attitudes are.
b.Describe one way to measure implicit attitudes.
Q4) a.Explain the differences among conformity,compliance,and obedience.
b.Name and describe one strategy used to induce compliance.
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Chapter 12: Self and Personality
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rich is an interactionist.This means that he believes that behavior is determined by
A) the interaction of traits and genetics.
B) both traits and biological processes.
C) the interaction of different traits.
D) both situations and traits.
Q2) a.Define self-schema.
b.Then explain at least two ways in which your self-schema influences how you process information.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a psychosexual stage of development?
A) oral
B) phallic
C) latency
D) erogenous
Q4) a.Explain the purpose of defense mechanisms.
b.Pick two defense mechanisms,define,and provide an example of each.
Q5) a.Describe the research findings on twin and adoption studies looking at personality.
b.What do these findings tell us about how genetics influence personality?
Q6) Describe the relationship between the self-schema and the working self-concept.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noelle is adamant that he is the greatest painter who has ever walked the face of the earth.Although his artwork more closely resembles the artwork of a 2-year-old,he insists on finding an art gallery in his hometown that will sell his paintings and works on writing biographical articles to put in the local paper describing his greatness.
a. Describe Noelle's behavior in psychological terms. What is a delusion? What type of delusion is Noelle experiencing? List and define two other types of delusions that people with schizophrenia could have.
b. How might you be able to confirm that Noelle is experiencing a delusion?
c. How do cognitive processes influence Noelle's delusions?
Q2) Sherry is distrusting of the government and is suspicious that they have had her apartment bugged to hear what she is doing when she is at home.Sherry's odd behavior is consistent with personality disorders in the eccentric cluster,specifically __________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) schizoid
C) histrionic
D) paranoid
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Page 14
Chapter 14: Psychological Treatments
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When treating bipolar disorders,the drug lithium
A) has side effects that intensify over time.
B) is more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) shows a reduction in side effects over time.
D) is less effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Q2) The textbook discusses two basic,general approaches that can be used to treat clients with mental health disorders.These approaches are
A) psychoanalysis and behavior modification.
B) cognitive therapy and group therapy.
C) dream analysis and electroconvulsive therapy.
D) psychotherapy and biological therapy.
Q3) Currently,the most effective treatment of borderline personality disorder includes A) therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques with a mindfulness approach.
B) behavioral modification through the use of modeling appropriate relationships.
C) prescription of antipsychotic medications.
D) controlled operant procedures that help by rewarding adaptive behaviors.
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15
Chapter 6: Learning
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rayvonte,a recent college graduate,is impressed when his cousin puts his résumé on their university's job board and then receives many job interviews.Rayvonte decides to post his résumé in hopes of finding his first professional job.He most likely posted his résumé on the job board as a result of _______.
A) latent learning
B) vicarious conditioning
C) observational learning
D) positive reinforcement
Q2) Advertisers use classical conditioning in their commercials by showing ads.For example,they pair something that reflexively elicits pleasant feelings,such as the face of the actor Brad Pitt,with a product,such as the perfume Chanel N<sup>o</sup> 5.If Brad Pitt elicits a response from you that is innate and does not require any prior learning,he is being used as a(n)_______.
A) unconditioned response
B) conditioned response
C) conditioned stimulus
D) unconditioned stimulus
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