Survey of Psychology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Survey of Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores major psychological concepts, theories, and research findings related to topics such as learning, development, motivation, perception, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Students will gain an understanding of the methods psychologists use to investigate questions, the biological bases of behavior, and the applications of psychology in everyday life. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking and the practical relevance of psychological principles across diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Psychology Brain Person Group 4th Edition by Stephen M. Kosslyn
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Section 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology:
History and Research Methods
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Q1) Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
A)the science of behavior
B)the science of mental processes
C)the science of behavior and mental processes
D)the science of human behavior and mental processes
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
A)Participants may not withdraw once they start.
B)Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
C)Participants cannot be subjected to any physically or emotionally painful stimuli.
D)Deception must be justified.
Answer: D
Q3) A case study examines in detail ________.
A)a single participant
B)multiple instances of a situation
C)a set of questions put to participants
D)the relationship between two variables
Answer: A
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Chapter 1: Section 2: Introduction to the Science of Psychology: History and Research Methods
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Q1) The goal of describing rules that determine how particular sensations or feelings may occur at the same time or in sequence is most associated with which of the following schools of psychology?
A)Behaviorism
B)Cognitivism
C)Functionalism
D)Structuralism
Answer: D
Q2) When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ______.
A)case study research
B)naturalistic observation
C)survey research
D)psychometric study
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Section 1: The Biology of Mind and Behavior: the Brain in
Action
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Q1) The thalamus could be thought of as being analogous to a(n)________.
A)airline hub
B)speedway
C)police station
D)bus stop
Answer: A
Q2) ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.
A)Excitatory; inhibitory
B)Inhibitory; excitatory
C)Augmentation; depletion
D)Depletion; augmentation
Answer: A
Q3) Endocrine glands ___________.
A)secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
B)are chemicals released into the bloodstream
C)are an extensive network of specialized cells
D)are a thin layer of cells coating the axons
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Section 2: The Biology of Mind and Behavior:
Brain in Action
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Q1) If a person were to damage the speech center in the brain, the ideal age for this to happen would be
A)2)
B)14.
C)33.
D)61.
Q2) A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a _________.
A)glial cell
B)neuron
C)cell body
D)myelin sheath
Q3) The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)axis may be activated by which of the following stimuli?
A)leukocytes
B)basophils
C)stimulation of the occipital lobe
D)pain.
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Chapter 3: Section 1: Sensation and Perception: How the World Enters the Mind
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Q1) According to the opponent-process theory of color vision, the correct pairings of opposite colors are _________________________.
A)red versus green and blue versus yellow
B)black versus gray and white versus colored
C)blue versus red and green versus yellow
D)blue versus green and red versus yellow
Q2) Sensation is to perception as ________ is to ________.
A)stimulation; recognition
B)awareness; interpretation
C)interpretation; awareness
D)organization; interpretation
Q3) The cilia in the nasal cavity act in a manner similar to taste buds in that they______________.
A)respond to various wavelengths of smell
B)contain pressure-sensitive elements that detect certain molecules
C)contain receptor sites that are stimulated by different molecules
D)only respond to five basic smells
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Page 7
Chapter 3: Section 2: Sensation and Perception: How the
World Enters the Mind
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Q1) Sound waves are simply ___________.
A)the vibration of the molecules of the air surrounding us
B)the impact of acoustrons in the air
C)a form of electronic radiation
D)none of these
Q2) When you enter a darkened room (e.g., a movie theatre)you will find it hard to see at first but shortly afterward you will be able to see much better.This phenomenon is referred to as:
A)color adaptation.
B)cone adaptation.
C)dark adaptation.
D)light adaptation.
Q3) If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper, you will see a greenish image of the object.This phenomenon BEST supports the ______ theory of color vision.
A)Grieco trichromatic
B)opponent-process
C)Helmholtz trichromatic
D)Hering's vibration
Page 8
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Chapter 4: Section 1: Learning: How Experience Changes Us
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Q1) When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.
A)CR fading
B)extinction
C)habituation
D)generalization fading
Q2) "If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated.If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of ________________.
A)the law of positive reinforcement
B)Rescorla's cognitive perspective
C)Thorndike's Law of Effect
D)Garcia's conditional emotional response
Q3) A _____________________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.
A)primary
B)negative
C)positive
D)secondary
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Chapter 4: Section 2: Learning: How Experience Changes Us
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Q1) In Bandura's Bobo doll study, children who observed an adult ignore the Bobo doll
A)showed as much aggression to the doll as those who never saw an adult in the playroom
B)showed more aggression to the doll than those who never saw an adult in the playroom
C)showed less aggression to the doll than those who never saw an adult in the playroom
D)were, surprisingly, the most aggressive group of children in the study
Q2) Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?
A)Fixed interval
B)Fixed ratio
C)Variable ratio
D)Variable interval
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Chapter 5: Section 1: Memory: Living With Yesterday
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Q1) Jamal is trying to buy something over the phone.He asks his partner to read him his credit card number.However, when he tries to repeat it to the sales clerk on the other end of the line, he can't remember all the numbers.Jamal is coming up against ______.
A)the decay of numerical memory
B)the extinction of auditory traces
C)George Miller's magic number 7, plus or minus 2
D)the limits of procedural memory
Q2) Automatic processing, compared to controlled processing, involves less ________. A)attention
B)memory space
C)neurotransmitters
D)procedural skills
Q3) When people hear a sound, their ears turn the vibrations in the air into neural messages from the auditory nerve, which makes it possible for the brain to interpret the sound.This process is called ________________.
A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)evaluation
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Page 11
Chapter 5: Section 2: Memory: Living With Yesterday
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Q1) Which of the following distinguishes sensory memory (SM)from short-term memory (STM)?
A)STM holds only a small amount of separate pieces of information
B)STM holds a large amount of separate pieces of information
C)SM holds a large amount of separate pieces of information
D)STM holds a small amount of uniform information
Q2) Distributed practice in studying means to ________.
A)study in short sessions spread out over time
B)study in extended sessions
C)send out study sessions to others
D)study all of the material at one time
Q3) Retrograde amnesia is to anterograde amnesia as ________.
A)mild is to severe
B)severe is to mild
C)remembering old is to learning new
D)remembering new is to learning old
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Chapter 6: Section 1: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence:
What Humans Do Best
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Q1) Criticisms of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences include ________.
A)the fact that it relies too heavily on g
B)there are no concerns
C)it appears to describe only those with brain damage
D)concerns over measuring and whether these intelligences only refer to talents and skills.
Q2) Suppose Maria's mental age is 20 and her chronological age is 10.What is her IQ?
A)320
B)80
C)200
D)100
Q3) Young children sometimes literally interpret sentences like "Do you know where your mommy is?" by answering "Yes." They failed to understand the ________ of the question.
A)pragmatics
B)propositional representation
C)syntax
D)nativism
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Chapter 6: Section 2: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence:
What Humans Do Best
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Q1) The fact that microenvironments influence intelligence suggests that ________.
A)only genetic factors determine what is viewed as an appealing environment
B)it is impossible to understand how the environment impacts intelligence
C)even though identical twins have more genes in common than do siblings, both groups tend to have similar microenvironments
D)your genes help shape aspects of the environment itself
Q2) Jordan is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 8 years.His IQ would be
A)80
B)100
C)125
D)140
Q3) One advantage of learning the grammar of a foreign language early in life is that it becomes ________.
A)a flashbulb memory
B)a working memory
C)automatic
D)declarative knowledge
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Chapter 7: Section 1: Emotion and Motivation: Feeling and Striving
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Q1) Which statement about motivation is true?
A)Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B)We are always aware of motivational processes.
C)There is only one type of motivation.
D)Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.
Q2) According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Jose complies with instructions to look angry, it is most likely that ____________.
A)he will be amused to be simulating anger
B)he will be pleased that he does it so well
C)his positive feelings will decrease
D)his reaction will depend on his age
Q3) Some obese people have been able to lose large amounts of weight and keep it off.Which is the best explanation of how they did it?
A)low carbohydrate dieting
B)low fat dieting
C)gastric bypass surgery
D)healthy eating and exercise
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Chapter 7: Section 2: Emotion and Motivation: Feeling and Striving
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Q1) One factor in hunger seems to be the increase in _______, which causes blood sugar levels to eventually drop several hours after we eat.
A)cholesterol
B)lipoproteins
C)insulin
D)glucose
Q2) According to your text, the science of dieting is indisputable: to lose weight all you have to do is ________.
A)reduce your fat intake and walk 1/2 mile per day
B)restrict your carbohydrates and drink 8 glasses of water per day
C)reduce your caloric intake and exercise more
D)exercise just 15 minutes each day
Q3) Which of the following behaviors is not an example of drive theory?
A)getting some food when you are hungry
B)going to sleep when you are tired
C)getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D)going jogging when you are bored
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Page 16
Chapter 8: Section 1: Personality: Vive La Différence
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Q1) In contrast to women, men tend to score lower on ________.
A)extraversion
B)neuroticism
C)openness
D)conscientiousness
Q2) Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office.Later, she felt guilty for stealing it so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took.Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior.
A)id
B)unconscious mind
C)ego
D)superego
Q3) According to Freud, the result of conflict between the ego and the id or superego is ___________.
A)libido
B)depression
C)psychosis
D)neurosis
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Chapter 8: Section 2: Personality: Vive La Différence
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Q1) Which statement is true regarding male and female personality comparisons?
A)There are significant differences between males and females compared to differences among people within each sex.
B)Men are more likely to have an internal locus of control than women.
C)Women are more likely to be reflective.
D)Men score higher on individuality and autonomy.
Q2) Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see.What type of test would psychologists call this?
A)dynamic
B)projective
C)objective
D)predictive
Q3) According to Rogers, which of the following people is most likely to have a healthy personality?
A)someone with a strongly developed superego
B)someone with an extraverted personality
C)someone brought up with conditional positive regard
D)someone brought up with unconditional positive regard
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Chapter 9: Section 1: Psychology Over the Life Span:
Growing Up, Growing Older, Growing Wiser
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Q1) In a __________design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.
A)cohort
B)longitudinal
C)behavior genetics
D)cross-sectional
Q2) Which of the following statements about an adolescent's peer relationships is true?
A)Both young men and women who have a more positive relationship with their mother later have more positive intimate relationships with others.
B)Military service tends to reduce the ability to form intimate relationships.
C)Gay young men tend to have more male than female friends.
D)Girls can effectively use direct aggression to exclude other girls from their social circle.
Q3) Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of ______.
A)cognitive development
B)perceptual development
C)language development
D)physical development
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Chapter 9: Section 2: Psychology Over the Life Span:
Older,
Wiser
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Q1) ________ psychology encompasses the study of human growth and change over the life span.
A)Social
B)Developmental
C)Applied
D)Health
Q2) Professor Sanchez is interested in studying development of motor skills.She collects data from 200 1-year-olds and follows and assesses them for a period of 5 years.What type of research design is Professor Sanchez using?
A)cohort design
B)longitudinal design
C)behavior genetics design
D)cross-sectional design
Q3) Assimilation is to accommodation as ________.
A)necessary is to optional
B)help is to hinder
C)hinder is to help
D)using is to changing
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Chapter
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Q1) Adelaida hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert.Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises.According to Hans Selye, she is in the___________.
A)chronic stress phase
B)alarm phase
C)exhaustion phase
D)resistance phase
Q2) Eric has an overinflated, unjustified positive view of himself.He thinks that he is good at everything he does.He would be considered a(n)________.
A)aggressive person
B)person with low self-esteem
C)narcissist
D)optimist
Q3) The field of psychoneuroimmunology focuses on ________.
A)the ways in which thoughts and feelings states affect the immune system
B)the ways in which mental states suppress our circulatory system
C)the pattern of brain activity in normal functioning adults
D)the pattern of responses from our brain
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Q1) _________ is the term used to describe physical and psychological responses to events that are threatening or challenging.
A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Dysphoria
D)Distress
Q2) What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?
A)resistance, alarm, exhaustion
B)exhaustion, resistance, alarm
C)alarm, exhaustion, resistance
D)alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Q3) Imagine that you have just flunked a class.You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about.Next you decide to repeat the class in summer school.You have made __________.
A)a primary appraisal only
B)both a primary and a secondary appraisal
C)a stress-related decision
D)a hassle-related decision
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Chapter 11: Section 1: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems
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Q1) As Carol and Ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For their entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot.Carol's doubt about turning off the coffee pot is a(n)________.
A)obsession
B)compulsion
C)both an obsession and a compulsion
D)neither an obsession nor a compulsion
Q2) Aaron Beck (1967)proposed the idea of ________ to explain the negative view of the world, the negative view of themselves, and the negative view of the future in the thoughts of depressed people.
A)cognitive distortions
B)the negative triad
C)the positive triad
D)rumination
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Chapter 11: Section 2: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems
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Q1) Which of the following is a criticism of the most recent version of the DSM?
A)There are far too few disorders included in the manual.
B)Categories define medical problems as psychological disorders.
C)The manual fails to provide too loose of a boundary between normal and abnormal behavior.
D)The manual takes into consideration cultural factors
Q2) False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______.
A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions
Q3) Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of_____________.
A)global assessment of functioning
B)clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
C)psychosocial and environmental problems
D)personality disorders and mental retardation
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Page 24
Chapter 12: Section 1: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing
Words
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Q1) Sylvia, who is undergoing client-centered therapy has been told that she experiences an incongruence between her ________self and her _______self.
A)conscious; unconscious
B)possible; future
C)working; current
D)real; ideal
Q2) Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy.
A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)person-centered
D)Gestalt
Q3) Most psychological professionals today take a(n)______ view of psychotherapy.
A)group treatment
B)humanistic
C)eclectic
D)behavioral
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Chapter 12: Section 2: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing
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Q1) According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______.
A)our behaviors
B)our irrational beliefs
C)the events that happen to us
D)other people's irrational beliefs
Q2) Dinah, a therapist, works with her clients to help them change their problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new, more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones.Dinah uses what type of therapy?
A)behavior therapy
B)cognitive-behavior therapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered therapy
Q3) According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities.
A)ideal self
B)real self
C)ego
D)id
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Chapter 13: Section 1: Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds
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Q1) Dave believes all college professors are irritable, impatient, and uninterested in whether students learn.His belief is an example of _______________.
A)consensus
B)impressions
C)an attitude
D)a stereotype
Q2) Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one's own preference, is called ______.
A)obedience
B)submission
C)conformity
D)compliance
Q3) You observe a person at the grocery store get angry and yell at the cashier.Which of these attributions illustrates the fundamental attribution error?
A)the yeller is a mean, angry person
B)the cashier is overworked
C)the yeller has had a bad day
D)the cashier has had a bad day
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Chapter 13: Section 2: Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds
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Q1) Conformity stemming from a desire to be correct tends to occur when a situation is
A)causing the person anxiety
B)expected
C)highly positive
D)ambiguous
Q2) The tendency of people to comply with a second, larger request after complying with a small request is called the ______ technique.
A)lowball
B)door-in-the-face
C)foot-in-the-door
D)response cue
Q3) Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?
A)You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes.
B)You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode.
C)You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health.
D)You are polite and civil to people you dislike.
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