Statistics for Social Work Exam Review
Course Introduction
Statistics for Social Work introduces students to the foundational concepts and methods of statistical analysis as applied within the field of social work. Through practical examples and real-world social work scenarios, the course covers descriptive and inferential statistics, probability, sampling techniques, hypothesis testing, and data interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the ethical use of data, understanding statistical results in research articles, and how quantitative evidence supports decision-making, evaluation, and advocacy in social work practice. Students will develop analytical skills to critically assess social data and apply statistical tools to improve outcomes for individuals, families, and communities.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 5th Edition by James Jaccard
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17 Chapters
2466 Verified Questions
2466 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sample is an aggregate of all cases to which one wishes to generalize statements.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the probability of drawing a card with a number from a standard deck of 52 cards? (Do not consider an ace a number card).
A)4/52
B)9/52
C)13/52
D)36/52
Answer: D
Q3) On the basis of observing the population,the researcher makes generalizations to the sample.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) A statistic is based on a ____________________of the population.
Answer: sample
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Chapter 2: Frequency and Probability Distributions
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For any given score,the cumulative frequency is the frequency associated with that score plus the sum of:
A)all frequencies
B)all frequencies above that score
C)all frequencies below that score
D)all frequencies except for that score
Answer: C
Q2) Briefly describe what a frequency distribution is and how to construct one.
Answer: A frequency distribution is a table that lists scores on a variable and shows the number of individuals who obtained each value.We list the score values from highest to lowest.We then derive absolute frequencies by counting the number of individuals who received each score and indicate these frequencies next to the corresponding score values.
Q3) On a graph,the _____ refers to the Y-axis,while the _____ refers to the X-axis.
A)ordinate,abscissa
B)ordinal,abscissa
C)abscissa,ordinate
D)abscissa,ordinal
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 4: Percentiles percentile Ranks standard Scores
and the Normal Distribution
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All normal distributions reflect empirically real phenomena.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Julie took the same psychology exam as John and received a score of 65 what is her standard score?
A)2.5
B)-2.5
C).625
D)-.625
Q3) What proportion of scores in a normal distribution are above z = 1.96 and below z = -2.17?
A).0400
B).0150
C).0250
D).9600
Q4) In a normal distribution,50% of all scores fall between standard scores of -1 and +1.
A)True
B)False
Page 5
Q5) A standard score or Z-score of zero means____________________.
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Chapter 5: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outliers are most likely to produce misleading results when:
A)sample sizes are small
B)sample sizes are large
C)correlation coefficients are small
D)correlation coefficients are large
Q2) An inverse relationship and a ____________________ relationship are the same thing.
Q3) The regression equation for predicting X from Y is not the same as the regression equation for predicting Y from X.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does the slope of a line refer to?
Q5) The defining characteristic of the regression line is that
A)it is the line that is based on the sums of squares criterion
B)it is the line that passes through each data point in the scatterplot
C)it simultaneously calculates the all possible data points in the scatterplot
D)it simultaneously minimizes the distances of all data points from the line
Q7) What is restricted range and how does it affect the correlation coefficient? Page 6
Q6) A single case that can drastically change a correlation coefficient is called an
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Page 7
Chapter 3: Measures of Central Tendency and Variability
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154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Central tendency refers to the "average" score in a set of scores.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Eight psychology students took a well-known I.Q.test and achieved the following scores: 96,98,108,110,115,120,121,142.The median score for these students is _____.
A)96
B)112.5
C)113.5
D)115
Q3) Kurtosis is determined by the ____________________in the distribution.
Q4) It has been reported the mean driving speed in California is 70 mph and the variance is 9.What is the SD?
A)9
B)3
C)8.5
D)None of these
Q5) For the following set of scores compute the mean,mode,sum of squares,variance and standard deviation: 30 32 34 40 50 45 46 47
Q6) What is a central tendency?
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Chapter 7: Estimation and Sampling Distributions
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151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central limit theorem states that a sampling distribution of the mean for a population will approximate that of a normal distribution as ____.
A)the shape of the distribution becomes more bell-shaped
B)sample size increases
C)sample size decreases
D)skewness decreases
Q2) Even when the shape of the underlying population is skewed,the sampling distribution of the mean approximates a ____________________ when sample sizes are large enough.
Q3) Sampling from a finite population _____ is analogous to sampling from an infinite population _____.
A)with replacement;with replacement
B)without replacement;with replacement
C)with replacement;without replacement
D)without replacement;without replacement
Q4) The size of the standard error of the mean is influenced by two factors: the sample size and the variability of scores in the population.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is more powerful--a directional or a nondirectional test?
Q2) The probability for Type I error is equal to _____.
A).05
B)â
C)á
D)1-á
Q3) The set of all standard scores more extreme than the critical values is called a rejection region and constitutes an unexpected result.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When there is exclusive concern that the population mean differs from a value in a specified direction,we should use _____.
A)a nondirectional test
B)a directional test
C)a stringent á
D)both a and c above
Q5) Assume that you are comparing a sample value to a population value of 75.The non-directional alternative hypothesis would be stated as ____________________.
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Chapter 6: Probability
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the observed result of a study is similar enough to the outcome stated in the null hypothesis such that it can reasonably be attributed to chance,we will _____ the null hypothesis.
A)accept
B)reject
C)fail to reject
D)revise
Q2) The ____________________ is the statistical hypothesis that states that any differences observed are merely due to chance.
Q3) The correspondence between the binomial and normal distributions improves as n increases and as p becomes closer to .50.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In factorial notation,the expression 6! equals:
A)6 factorial
B)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)= 720
C)a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q5) The ____________________ is the competing hypothesis to the null hypothesis.
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Chapter 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical
Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major goal of research design is to create alternative explanations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following applies to a disturbance variable?
A)it is unrelated to the independent variable.
B)it influences the dependent variable.
C)it increases sampling error.
D)all of these
Q3) The normality and homogeneity of variance assumptions relate only to samples,not to the populations from which the samples were drawn.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A cross-sectional design is the same as a longitudinal but the latter takes longer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how random assignment helps to control for alternative explanations.
Q6) What three assumptions are important or essential to parametric test?
Q7) Distinguish between parametric and nonparametric statistics.
Q8) Explain the difference between Confounding variables and disturbance variables. Page 12
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Chapter 10: Independent Groups T -Test
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149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an estimated pooled variance?
A)the weighted average of the variances estimates
B)the variance of the difference between the sample means
C)the sum of the two variances estimates
D)the variance of the populations from which the samples were drawn
Q2) The null hypothesis in the independent groups t test is that a population mean has a specific value,specified by the investigator.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Like the standard error of the mean,the standard error of the difference is positively skewed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The procedure which produces a pooled weighted estimate of the sample variances combines the individual estimates in a manner which is ____.
A)proportional to their mean difference
B)unaffected by sample size
C)proportional to their degrees of freedom
D)proportional to the size of difference between the variance estimates
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Chapter 11: Correlated Groups T-Test
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of mean difference scores is referred to as the standard error of the difference.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Using Appendix
A)87
B)36
C)53
D)23
E)1,find the sample size that is need to detect a population eta<sup>2</sup> of .10,with a power of.80 and á=.05,nondirectional test.
Q3) Explain why it is possible to observe a strong relationship between two variables based on the value of eta-squared without obtaining a statistically significant t value.
Q4) What is meant by the sensitivity of a statistical test?
Q5) The ____________________in a correlated groups t-test is similar to the sampling distribution of the difference between two independent means in a independent groups t-test.
Q6) What are the assumptions of the correlated groups t test?
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Chapter 13: One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
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140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for the denominator of the F test will always be _____ in the repeated measures case than in the between-subjects case.
A)less
B)larger
C)more accurate
D)none of these
Q2) The _____ is the component that differentiates the repeated measures design and the between-subjects design.
A)sum of squares within groups
B)sum of squares between groups
C)sum of squares across subjects
D)sum of squares error
Q3) In order to test the null hypothesis of equivalent population means,it is necessary to calculate mean squares for the IV,error,and across subjects components.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Under what circumstances might repeated measures analysis of variance actually be less powerful than between-subjects analysis of variance?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nature of the relationship in a correlation analysis is determined by examining
A)r<sup>2</sup>
B)the sign of r
C)a Tukey HSD test
D)inspection of group means
Q2) If X helps to predict Y,then the estimated _____ will be smaller than the estimated _____ of Y.
A)standard deviation;standard error of estimate
B)standard error of estimate;standard deviation
C)standard error of estimate;slope
D)error scores;standard deviation
Q3) If the researcher suspects that the strength of the relationship between two variables in the population is .15,as indexed by the correlation coefficient squared,what sample size should he use in a study involving an alpha level of .05,nondirectional test,in order to achieve a power of .99?
A)97
B)111
C)131
D)145
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Chi-Square Test
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is Fisher's Exact Test?
Q2) Although the issue is controversial,statisticians generally recommend the use of the correction for continuity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each unique combination of variables in a contingency table is referred to as a cell.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There are different chi-square distributions depending on the degrees of freedom associated with them.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When the marginal frequencies of both variables under study are random,the test is known as the chi-square test of:
A)heterogeneity
B)dependence
C)independence
D)homogeneity
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Chapter 16: Nonparametric Statistics
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the null hypothesis is rejected using a nonparametric statistic applied to more than two groups,how is the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables assessed?
Q2) Friedman analysis of variance by ranks is the nonparametric counterpart of one-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Distinguish between parametric and nonparametric statistics.
Q4) One factor that is important in deciding whether to use a parametric or non-parametric test is the decision about what aspect of the distribution of the independent variable one wishes to focus on.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is typically used to analyze the relationship between two variables when:
A)scores on the dependent variable are in the form of ranked differences
B)the independent variable is within-subjects in nature
C)the independent variable has two and only two levels
D)all of these
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Chapter 17: Two-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance
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117 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When dealing with sample data,the existence of a given population main effect or interaction can be affirmed only by a:
A)visual inspection of sample means
B)visual inspection of slopes
C)significant statistical test
Q2) In order to determine whether there is a relationship between the IV and the DV in a two-way ANOVA,the ____________________ statistic is calculated.
Q3) As the number of groups in the factorial design increases,_____ becomes increasingly problematic.
A)homogeneity of population variances
B)heterogeneity of population variances
C)non-normality
D)error variance
Q4) Discuss the analysis of main effects in terms of the nature of the relationship in two-way analysis of variance.
Q5) What problem might arise in using interaction contrasts to determine the nature of an interaction effect?
Page 20
Q6) Under what conditions is the two-way between-subjects analysis of variance used?
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Chapter 18: Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the correct circumstances a nonparametric tests can be as powerful as a parametric test.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a dependent variable turns out to be highly skewed,then it might be decided to focus on a _____ rather than a _____ to analyze the relationship between two variables.
A)mean;median
B)median;mean
C)mean;mode
D)mode;Pearson correlation
Q3) If means are the focus,then a _____ test is usually the analysis of choice.
A)chi square
B)log-linear
C)parametric
D)nonparametric
Q4) Multiple regression involves two or more
A)criterion variables.
B)predictor variables.
C)dependent variables.
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