Statistics for Behavioral Sciences Test Questions
Course Introduction
Statistics for Behavioral Sciences introduces students to fundamental statistical concepts and methods commonly used in the analysis of behavioral data. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, analysis of variance, and non-parametric tests, with an emphasis on application to psychological and social science research. Students will learn how to interpret results, critically evaluate statistical findings, and use statistical software to analyze datasets. The course is designed to equip students with the quantitative skills necessary to understand research literature and conduct independent research in behavioral sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics Excel 2010 Edition 3rd Edition by Neil J. Salkind
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532 Verified Questions
532 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics? Its Up to You
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, statistical procedures were first developed in what field of study?
Answer: Statistical procedures were first developed in the fields of agriculture, astronomy, and politics.
Q2) Which of the following individuals used statistics methods during the 17th century to study the intelligence of his family members?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Francis Galton
C) Isaac Newton
D) Alfred Binet
Answer: B
Q3) Explain the steps in creating a function that would add the data in a range of cells?
Answer: Enter the function in the cell where you want the results to appear, enter the range of cells on which you want the function to operate, and press the Enter key.
Q4) What is a function?
Answer: A function is a predefined formula.
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Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term associated with scores that are at the extreme ends of the distribution?
A) variability
B) outliers
C) skew
D) percentile
Answer: B
Q2) When using the AVERAGE function in Excel, which of these are you calculating?
A) sum
B) mean
C) mode
D) median
Answer: B
Q3) What are the measures of central tendency discussed in the textbook?
Answer: Mean, median, mode
Q4) Determine the median for the following data set: 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 25
Answer: The median is 18.5
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Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
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Sample Questions
Q1) When calculating the standard deviation, what must be done in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the population?
A) subtract 1 from X
B) subtract 1 from N
C) subtract 1 from n
D) add 1 to n
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is the correct function for calculating an unbiased estimate of the variance in the population?
A) AVERAGE(A1:A15)
B) STDEV(A1+A2+A3)/3
C) VAR(A1:A12)
D) STDEV(A1:A10)
Answer: D
Q3) What is the s of the following set of scores? 10, 15, 12, 18, 19, 16, 12
Answer: The standard deviation is 3.6
Q4) What is the s² of the following set of scores? 20, 24, 26, 22, 18, 16, 18
Answer: The variance is 12.95
Page 5
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Chapter 4: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term associated with a range of numbers that spans a set number of scores used when creating frequency distributions?
A) Histogram
B) Polygon
C) Class interval
D) Frequency count
Q2) If you wanted to examine the proportion of students in this class who are male compared to female, which of the following might you use?
A) Bar chart
B) Line graph
C) Pie chart
D) Histogram
Q3) If the mean of a set of scores is greater than the median, what can be said about the distribution?
A) Negatively skewed
B) Positively skewed
C) Platykurtic
D) Leptokurtic
Q4) List the 10 ways to create great figures outlined in the text.
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Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correlation between variable X and variable Y is represented by which of the following?
A) R(xy)²
B) r??
C) r????
D) R?/?
Q2) How do you determine the coefficient of determination and the coefficient of alienation?
Q3) Who is responsible for the invention of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient?
A) Pearson Fisher
B) Karl Pearson
C) Karl Fisher
D) Fisher Pearson
Q4) A correlation coefficient can range in value. Which of the following illustrates this range?
A) -.01 to .01
B) -1.0 to 1.0
C) -2.0 to 2.0
D) -3.0 to 3.0
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Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name four types of reliability and what each type measures.
Q2) High school class rank is highly correlated with college GPA. This is an example of what type of validity?
A) Concurrent validity
B) Predictive validity
C) Content validity
D) Construct validity
Q3) If I can say that my weekly statistics quiz fairly assesses the material covered, what source of validity evidence should I have collected?
A) Criterion validity
B) Content validity
C) Construct validity
D) Concurrent validity
Q4) If you want to know that a test measures some underlying psychological construct, what type of validity evidence would you want to collect?
A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Predictive validity
D) Criterion validity
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Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symbols represents the average score of Group 1?
A) \(H _ { 1 }\)
B) \(\mu 1\)
C) \(\bar { X } 1\)
D) \(H _ { 0 }\)
Q2) Which of the following symbols represents the first research hypothesis?
A) \(H _ { 1 }\)
B) \(\mu 1\)
C) \(\bar { X } 1\)
D) \(H _ { 0 }\)
Q3) What test would you want to use to test a nondirectional research hypothesis?
A) One-tailed test
B) Two-tailed test
C) Nonparametric test
D) Frequency test
Q4) When might you use a one-tailed test, and when would you want to use a two-tailed test?
Q5) Using the symbols from the text, write a directional research hypothesis equation where 9th graders are hypothesized to score better 12th graders.
Page 9
Q6) Explain what is meant by the fishing trip approach to doing research.
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Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal? Probability and Why It
Counts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of probability is the basis for the normal curve and the foundation for what type of statistics?
Q2) Which of the following is true of z scores that fall below the mean?
A) They are positive
B) They are equal to the mode
C) They are negative
D) They are in the upper half of the distribution
Q3) What is the basis for the normal curve and inferential statistics?
A) Mean
B) Asymptotic
C) Probability
D) Symmetry
Q4) If the null hypothesis claims that there is no difference between groups, what is the likelihood of no difference occurring assumed to be?
Q5) How many standard deviations are included in a normal distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 10?
Q6) How is the T score calculated?
Q7) What are the characteristics associated with the normal curve?
Q8) What do standard scores allow researchers to do that raw scores cannot? Page 10
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Chapter 9:
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?
A) Reject the null hypothesis
B) Accept the null hypothesis
C) Set a higher p value
D) Increase your sample
Q2) Complete the following table:
\[\begin{array} { l | | c | c }
\hline & \text { "ru!l! True } & \text { "ruul!" False } \\
\hline \hline \text { Reject "rru!l!" } & & \\
\hline \text { Retain "ruLl!" } & & \\
\hline
\end{array}\]
Q3) What is the definition for significance level?
Q4) Which of the following is a statement of equality?
A) Research hypothesis
B) Directional hypothesis
C) Nondirectional hypothesis
D) Null hypothesis
Page 12
Q5) Under the normal curve, if the obtained value falls to the left of the critical value, under what percent of the normal curve did it fall?
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Chapter 10: Only the Lonely
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Sample Questions
Q1) A test is conducted for H?: ? = 34, with ? = 5. A sample size of 100 is selected. Calculate the standard error of the sampling distribution.
Q2) Excel can apply the Z tests to data arranged in rows or in columns, but the statistical packages present the results typically by.
A) Rows
B) Columns
Q3) Excel differentiates z-scores and z-values by identifying one sample test by using what function?
A) FTEST
B) CHITEST
C) TTEST
D) ZTEST
Q4) A good reason to use a one sample Z-test is to know if the sample values are different from a given?
A) sample
B) value
C) collection
D) population
Q5) If the n is less than 30, what should the distribution be?
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Chapter 11: t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents degrees of freedom?
A) fd
B) df
C) d
D) f
Q2) What does the Excel function TTEST compute?
A) t value
B) Probability of the t value occurring
C) Critical t value
D) Obtained t value
Q3) What is another name for a dependent samples t test?
A) Paired sample
B) Two sample
C) Independent sample
D) Freed sample
Q4) What does t stat represent?
Q5) When using the Amazing Analysis ToolPak to compute t value for dependent samples, which test should you select?
Q7) What does P(T<=t) two-tail represent? Page 14
Q6) What is the formula for calculating a t value for a dependent samples test?
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Chapter 12: t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What Excel function requires that you enter the t value, degrees of freedom, and the number of tails?
A) TTEST
B) TEST2
C) TDIST
D) TDIST2
Q2) In a t test for dependent samples that examines the difference between a pretest and posttest, what type of hypothesis is used?
A) Nondirectional
B) Directional
C) Null
D) Research
Q3) Given the following, what should you conclude? t???? = 2.001 and tc??t?c?l = 1.94
Q4) When using the Amazing Analysis ToolPak to compute t value for dependent samples, which test should you select?
Q5) What does t stat represent?
Q6) What does t critical one-tail represent?
Q7) What does the t test for dependent samples allow you to examine?
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Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many? Try Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects of gender and socioeconomic status (i.e., high, medium, and low) on a test of student achievement?
A) Simple ANOVA
B) One-way ANOVA
C) 2 × 3 ANOVA
D) 3 × 3 ANOVA
Q2) When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the within-group estimate calculated?
A) n - 1
B) k - 1
C) N - k
D) n/k
Q3) How are the F statistic and t statistic related?
Q4) What is the sum of squares total?
Q5) When interpreting F??, ??? = 8.80, p < .05, what is the between-groups df?
A) 30
B) 27
C) 3
D) 2
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Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to examine whether the attitude toward learning differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) and level of parent involvement, what is the dependent variable of interest?
A) Grade level
B) Students' attitudes
C) Parents' attitudes
D) Level of parent involvement
Q2) What is a multivariate analysis of variance?
Q3) What is an analysis that examines one dependent variable or outcome known as?
A) Multivariate ANOVA
B) Simple ANOVA
C) One-way ANOVA
D) Univariate ANOVA
Q4) Create a 3 × 2 factorial design ANOVA.
Q5) Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table?
A) ANOVA table
B) Source table
C) Effects table
D) Output table
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Q6) What is a univariate analysis of variance?
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Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends? Testing
Relationships Using the Correlation Coefficient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Measures that occur over a period of time are known as?
A) Predictive measures
B) Longitudinal measures
C) Concurrent measures
D) Consecutive measures
Q2) What are the considerations/requirements one must follow in order to know that a test of the correlation coefficient is the appropriate statistic?
Q3) If you think that there is a positive correlation between two variables, is the test one-tailed or two tailed? If you hypothesize that there is a negative correlation between two variables, is the test one-tailed or two-tailed?
Q4) If the correlation between two variables is .496, how much of the variance has not been accounted for?
A) 24.6%
B) 49.6%
C) 50.4%
D) 75.4%
Q5) What are the null and research hypotheses for testing a correlation coefficient?
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Q6) How do you calculate the degrees of freedom when testing the correlation coefficient?
Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using
Linear Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) What can be used as the basis for prediction?
A) t test
B) Correlation
C) F test
D) Cohen's d
Q2) What is the distance between each data point and the regression line called?
A) Error of estimate
B) Standard error of estimate
C) Standard deviation
D) Standardized error
Q3) What must be done to categorical variables in order to use them in a regression analysis?
A) Nothing
B) Dummy coding
C) Problem coding
D) Categorical coding
Q4) Explain what the regression line represents by naming three things that it allows us to examine.
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Q5) In order to use two predictor variables, what must be the case concerning the variables?
Chapter
Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Which of the following is the most commonly used nonparametric test?
A) t test
B) ANOVA
C) Mann-Whitney
D) Chi-square
Q2) What is a parametric test?
Q3) How is a nonparametric test different from a parametric test?
Q4) The obtained value must be compared against which of the following?
A) Test value
B) Critical value
C) Expected value
D) Observed value
Q5) Why is "goodness of fit" a commonly used name for the one-sample chi-square test?
Q6) What does the CHIDIST function in Excel compute?
Q7) How are the degrees of freedom associated with the one-sample chi-square calculated?
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Q8) What do the symbols in the one-sample chi-square test represent?
Q9) Name two other nonparametric procedures, and explain when they would be used.
Q10) What is the formula for calculating a one-sample chi-square?
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Chapter 18: Some Other (Important) Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a way to look for patterns in sets of data, which was first used by the business community looking at (and for) financial trends?
A) data mining
B) repeated measures
C) path analysis
D) factor analysis
Q2) In order to equalize groups on initial differences, which analysis should be used?
A) repeated measures
B) covariance
C) path analysis
D) ANOVA
Q3) For which of the following procedures can you use the Excel Data Analysis Toolpak procedure ANOVA: Two Factor with Replication?
A) ANOVA
B) ANCOVA
C) Repeated measures
D) MANOVA
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