Speech and Language Development
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Speech and Language Development explores the typical processes through which children acquire speech sounds, vocabulary, grammar, and communicative skills from infancy through adolescence. The course examines biological, cognitive, and social foundations of language development, emphasizing major theories, milestones, and individual differences. Students will learn to identify normal patterns of language acquisition, assess factors that influence speech and language growth, and discuss the implications of atypical development. Topics also include bilingualism, cultural influences, and current research trends in the field, providing a comprehensive understanding of how language skills are shaped and refined across childhood.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Language 5th Edition by David
W. Carroll
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14 Chapters
471 Verified Questions
471 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/995 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction-Themes of Psycholinguistics
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/19553
Sample Questions
Q1) The study of the relationship between the brain and language is termed:
A) aphasia
B) psycholinguistics
C) sociolinguistics
D) neurolinguistics
Answer: D
Q2) The way we construct and articulate utterances is known as:
A) language comprehension
B) language production
C) language acquisition
D) language development
Answer: B
Q3) The way we perceive and understand speech is known as:
A) language comprehension
B) language production
C) language acquisition
D) language development
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Linguistic Principle
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A representation of how words in a sentence are grouped into larger phrases (i.e., constituents) is known as:
A) lexical insertion
B) phrase structure
C) transformational grammar
D) recursion
Answer: B
Q2) The relation between phoned and up in the sentence John phoned the woman with the curly hair up is handled within transformational grammar by the:
A) passive transformation
B) particle-movement transformation
C) deep structure
D) surface structure
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Psychological Mechanisms
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Within cognitive psychology, modularity refers to:
A) the degree of independence of the language system from the general information processing system
B) the belief that language processing strategies are "wired in"
C) the notion that working memory, automatic processing, and related concepts play a major role in language comprehension and production
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Memories of childhood vacations are stored in:
A) semantic memory
B) working memory
C) episodic memory
D) secondary memory
Answer: C
Q3) ________ models are inspired by patterns of neural activity in the brain.
A) Parallel distributed processing
B) Modularity
C) Visuospatial sketchpad
D) Autonoetic
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Perception of Language
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies by Warren and colleagues indicate that if a speech sound in a sentence is replaced by a cough, listeners still perceive the sound. This is called:
A) categorical perception
B) phonemic restoration
C) shadowing effect
D) rate normalization
Q2) VOT is a(n) __________ and ___________ cue to voicing in stop consonants.
A) unreliable; variable
B) unreliable; invariant
C) reliable; variable
D) reliable; invariant
Q3) The use of pitch to signify different meanings is:
A) stress
B) rate
C) intonation
D) prosody
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Chapter 5: The Internal Lexicon
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are involved when a bound morpheme is added to a free morpheme to create new words, such as -ness turning good (an adjective) into goodness (a noun).
A) Inflectional morphemes
B) Functional morphemes
C) Substantive morphemes
D) Derivational morphemes
Q2) The process by which we activate meanings from the internal lexicon is called:
A) language comprehension
B) lexical access
C) morphological analysis
D) parsing
Q3) The fact that the term spinster tends to convey the notion of a person that is old and stodgy is part of the term's:
A) denotation
B) sense
C) reference
D) connotation
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Chapter 6: Sentence Comprehension and Memory
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the metaphor Billboards are warts on the landscape, the tenor is:
A) billboards
B) warts
C) landscape
D) ugly protrusions on some surface
Q2) The sentence, The florist who sent the flowers was very pleased is grammatical because it contains a(n):
A) embedded relative clause
B) proposition
C) conceptual metaphor
D) late closure
Q3) The late closure strategy of parsing states that:
A) we prefer to attach new items to the current constituent
B) we prefer to make decisions about each word immediately, as we encounter it
C) we prefer to use the fewest syntactic nodes possible
D) we prefer to postpone interpretations of words until the sentence meaning is clear
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8
Chapter 7: Discourse Comprehension and Memory
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By replacing (rather than repeating) a lexical item in a sentence, we are using the form of cohesion known as:
A) ellipsis
B) anaphor
C) lexical
D) antecedent
Q2) Cross-cultural investigations of story recall have found that:
A) cultures differ significantly in what constitutes a good story
B) recall patterns are very similar across cultures
C) oral cultures tend to prefer shorter stories
D) children in all cultures recalled stories better than adults
Q3) The sentences The woman lost track of her little boy at the mall. She became very worried illustrate what type of cohesion?
A) substitution
B) lexical
C) ellipsis
D) reference
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Chapter 8: Production of Speech and Language
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Levelt (1989), there are four major stages in language production. Which of the following is not one of these stages?
A) conceptualizing
B) formulating
C) articulating
D) rephrasing
Q2) The vocal cords or vocal folds are included in which system of production?
A) respiratory
B) laryngeal
C) supralaryngeal
D) none of the above
Q3) A Freudian explanation of speech errors is that:
A) speech is produced in separate stages, each devoted to a single level of linguistic analysis
B) multiple speech plans occur simultaneously and plans compete for dominance
C) multiple speech plans occur, but speech errors solely represent conflict at the articulatory level
D) there is only one speech plan; speech errors are used to mask a speaker's disturbing thoughts.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Conversational Interaction
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zimmerman and West (1975) observed that in conversations between men and women:
A) * men tend to interrupt women more than vice versa
B) women tend to delay their minimal responses more than men
C) men tend to use overlaps more than women
D) women don't view interruptions as violations of turn-taking rules
Q2) Reformulation in therapeutic discourse refers to:
A) clients rephrasing their thoughts into clearer form
B) * therapists transforming client discourse into a specific problem
C) therapists repeating client statements in psychological jargon
D) therapists applying a specific clinical term to a client's problem or symptoms
Q3) In conversation, typically:
A) turn order is decided ahead of time
B) turn length is decided ahead of time
C) both turn order and turn length are decided ahead of time
D) * neither turn order nor turn length are decided ahead of time
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11
Chapter 10: Early Language Acquisition
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child who says baba for basket is illustrating:
A) reduction
B) coalescence
C) assimilation
D) reduplication
Q2) Which of the following reflects the sequence of children's early vocalizations?
A) crying, babbling, assimilation, cooing
B) babbling, cooing, coalescence, ideomorphs
C) cooing, babbling, idiomorphs, holophrases
D) cooing, babbling, holophrases, assimilation
Q3) According to the text, the most likely reason why children make phonological errors is that:
A) they simply cannot produce the sounds correctly
B) they cannot discriminate perceptually between the various sounds
C) the demands of spontaneous speech overload their information processing capacity
D) they prefer gesturing to speech
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Chapter 11: Later Language Acquisition
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brown's (1973) study of grammatical morphemes found that the _____ morpheme was the earliest acquired.
A) possessive
B) present progressive
C) plural
D) past tense
Q2) The use of a regular morpheme in a word that is irregular, such as goed, is referred to as a(n):
A) overextension
B) overregularization
C) underextension
D) none of the above
Q3) Gleitman, Gleitman, and Shipley (1972) found that children's first attempts to judge the acceptability of sentences focused on:
A) simple, declarative sentences
B) wh- questions
C) semantic factors
D) holophrases
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13
Chapter 12: Processes of Language Acquisition
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general, speech directed at young children is _____ than adult-directed speech.
A) longer, higher in pitch, and more intonationally exaggerated
B) shorter, lower in pitch, and spoken in a monotone
C) shorter, higher in pitch, and more intonationally exaggerated
D) longer, lower in pitch, and spoken in a monotone
Q2) Early exposure is _________ condition for normal language development.
A) a necessary and sufficient
B) neither necessary nor sufficient
C) a sufficient
D) a necessary but not a sufficient
Q3) An auxiliary language that arises when speakers of several mutually unintelligible languages are in close contact defines a:
A) creole
B) bioprogram
C) pidgin
D) subdialect
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Chapter 13: Biological Foundations of Language
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a specialty of the right hemisphere?
A) visuospatial functions
B) facial recognition
C) holistic tasks
D) language processing
Q2) Aphasics who display category-specific dissociations:
A) are unable to read or write
B) are unable to recognize faces
C) are unable to process certain types of words or word categories
D) cannot perform tasks that have a spatial component
Q3) Which of the following has not been proposed to explain language origins?
A) Spoken language evolved from gestures
B) Spoken language evolved from primitive vocalizations, such as grunts and danger calls
C) Spoken language evolved from birdsong
D) Spoken language evolved as a byproduct of developing non-linguistic cognitive processes
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Chapter 14: Language, Culture, and Cognition
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on cross-cultural color naming __________ the _______ version of the Whorfian hypothesis.
A) supports; weak
B) supports; strong
C) refutes; weak
D) refutes; strong
Q2) Rosch's research with the Dani found that:
A) the Dani learned the names for color categories best when focal colors were at the center of the categories
B) the Dani preferred nonfocal colors to focal colors
C) focal colors influenced the performance of English speakers but not Dani subjects
D) nonfocal colors are more perceptually salient than focal colors
Q3) Berlin and Kay (1969) referred to the most representative basic colors (such as blue) as:
A) referential
B) primary
C) absolute
D) focal
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