Sociology of Crime and Deviance
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Sociology of Crime and Deviance examines the social origins, patterns, and consequences of criminal behavior and societal responses to deviance. The course explores key theories explaining why individuals and groups violate norms, including structural, subcultural, and interactionist perspectives. Students analyze how definitions of crime and deviance vary across cultures and time periods, and assess the roles played by institutions such as the legal system, law enforcement, and media in shaping public perceptions and policies. The course also addresses issues of power, inequality, and social control, with a focus on how factors such as class, race, gender, and age influence both the commission of crime and societal responses to it.
Recommended Textbook
Deviance Conformity and Social Control in Canada 4th Edition by Tami M. Bereska
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "deviance dance" is of particular interest to deviance specialists who lean toward the subjective end of the objective-subjective continuum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What are the limitations of defining deviance on the basis of harm?
A)perceptions of harm can be subjective
B)perceptions of harm rarely change over time
C)behavioural expectations are frequently characterized by power and vested interests
D)typical behaviours are sometimes perceived as "deviant" in society
E)the reactions of some groups of people in society often carry more weight than do the reactions of other groups
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Explaining Deviance: the Act
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lauritsen (1994),for which of the following groups of adolescents does strain increase the frequency of unprotected sexual activity?
A)African-American females
B)African-American males
C)Caucasian females
D)Caucasian males
E)African-American females and males
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following theories best explains why university students who place a high value on academic work,but have GPAs below 3.0 and score high on measures of depression,are most likely to use "homework drugs"?
A)differential opportunity theory
B)Agnew's general strain theory
C)self-control theory
D)social learning theory
E)Merton's strain theory
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Explaining Deviance: the Perception, Reaction,and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Postmodern theories suggest that "truth" exists,despite the massive social changes that have occurred since World War II.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) According to labelling theory,deviance is a label attached to some people,but that label has little impact on their subsequent actions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) According to Becker (1963),a deviant label assumes the level of master status,which contributes to the individual's exclusion from the conforming world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Deviance 20: the Role of the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Highlight the three issues that Shade and Lithgow have with media ownership and discuss why these are an issue for our society.
Q2) Compare the difference between administrative and critical research in studies of media.Provide an example of each.
Q3) Outline what correctional and experimental research attempt to answer when researching media violence.
Q4) An advertisement where a woman stares out at the camera with an apparent absence and detachment would be an example of the ritualization of subordination.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One of the biggest issues to having misrepresentations continually in the media of various ethnic backgrounds is that the young members of that society are socialized to believe that those characteristics are truth.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In 2011,6 corporations held the majority of media power globally.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Deviant and Normal Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the Colonial era,sexually "deviant" men were more likely to be physically punished (e.g.whipping),while sexually "deviant" women were more likely to be fined.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Although the role of the State in regulating sexual deviance declined in the early 19<sup>th</sup> century,by the end of the century its role had increased once again,due to the efforts of moral entrepreneurs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical perspective?
A)the manner in which elite discourses govern sexuality
B)the meaning of "the closet" to gays and lesbians
C)Iranian immigrants' understandings and perceptions of Canadian sexuality
D)exotic dancers' understandings of themselves and their jobs
E)the nature/nurture debate in relation to homosexuality
Q4) Describe the main issues behind the debates regarding whether adolescents who text or email nude photos of themselves should be charged with child pornography.
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Chapter 6: The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth
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Q1) During which era was adolescence described as characterized by sturm und drang?
A)Ancient Greece
B)turn of the 20<sup>th </sup>century
C)1950s
D)1970s
E)1990s
Q2) The research surrounding parenting characteristics that lead to improved child development could arguably connect right into the social bonds theory as to factors that assist a child in resisting deviant choices.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the elements of a moral panic?
A)Volatility
B)Disproportionality
C)heightened concern
D)hostility directed at society by the offending group
E)consensus regarding the level of perceived threat
Q4) Briefly describe the research surrounding drug use in youth.Analyze whether the programs similar to "Just Say No' are effective,based on both what you know and what theories tell you.
8
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Chapter 7: Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance
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Q1) Discuss the consequences of socially controlling body image.
Q2) Describe how hyper-muscular women are perceived,and explain why some women may choose to become hyper-muscular.
Q3) When cultures that value plumpness become exposed to American media influences,people's perceptions of the "ideal" body size tend to become even plumper in order to prevent the Americanization of their indigenous cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Women who are hyper-muscular (i.e.,competitive bodybuilders)are perceived as being less likely to be good mothers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Apply the following concepts to a discussion of body modification: front stage self; back stage self; impression management.
Q6) Among 12-18 year olds,tattoos and piercings are more prevalent among females than among males.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Mental Disorders
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Q1) Physical illnesses are more likely to remain undiagnosed in people with mental disorders,in part because their doctors attribute the physical symptoms being experienced to the mental disorder itself.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ramon is born into an upper-middle class family.At the age of 18,he develops schizophrenia.Because of difficulties with controlling his disorder,he is unable to keep a job,and eventually ends up living in an inner city rooming house.Which of the following hypotheses best explains Ramon's economic experiences?
A)social selection hypothesis
B)social contract hypothesis
C)social subordination hypothesis
D)social causation hypothesis
E)social stigmatization hypothesis
Q3) As of 2006,Canada was the only G8 nation to lack a national mental health policy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly discuss 3 social factors that are known to impact mental health status.
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Chapter 9: What Do You Believe Religion, science, and Deviance
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Q1) The phenomenon by which clinical drug research is done by commercial centres hired by pharmaceutical companies is know as
A)the normative structure of science
B)junk science
C)cooking
D)post-academic science
E)pseudo-science
Q2) "Science" consists of
A)belief systems.
B)technologies.
C)claims about the nature of reality.
D)ethical/moral claims.
E)belief systems, technologies, claims about the nature of reality, and ethical/moral claims.
Q3) A survey of more than 2,000 researchers revealed that more than one-third of incidents of scientific misconduct of which they were personally aware were never reported to anyone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Distinguish among the characteristics of ecclesia,churches,sects,and cults.
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Chapter 10: The Deviance Dance Continues
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Q1) Discuss how we determine whether someone is conforming or deviant.What do we do to differentiate between the two? How do we let them know which group we have placed them in?
Q2) Discuss the fact that deviance can be positive.How is the existence of some deviance benefiting our society? If it is positive,why is it still considered deviant? Provide examples to support your position.
Q3) Formal and informal social control measures are part of the ___________component of the social typing process.
A)evaluation
B)Prescription
C)Description
D)Tagging
E)Dramaturgical
Q4) For several years during the 1930s,the Canadian government admired the success of Nazi eugenics.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give three examples of how perceptions of deviance change over time.
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