Sociology of Canadian Society
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Course Introduction
This course examines the structure and dynamics of Canadian society through a sociological lens. Students will explore key themes such as social class, ethnicity, gender, Indigenous relations, multiculturalism, and regionalism, analyzing how these facets shape everyday life and collective identities within Canada. The course integrates theoretical frameworks and contemporary research to critically assess social institutions, diversity, power, and social change in Canada. Throughout, learners will gain insights into the complexities of Canadian society and develop the tools to think critically about issues of equity, social justice, and inclusion.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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22 Chapters
3272 Verified Questions
3272 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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142 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which important characteristic do symbolic interactionism and queer theory have in common?
A)They focus on macrosocial structures.
B)They sometimes validate unusual and unpopular viewpoints.
C)They consider Verstehen irrelevant to sociological explanation.
D)They consider patriarchy more important than class inequality.
Answer: B
Q2) Which theory emphasizes that humans have agency and can influence their own destinies?
A)conflict theory
B)social Darwinism
C)symbolic interactionism
D)functionalism
Answer: C
Q3) The hometown football team has a tight-knit group of players who care about each other on and off the field.A sociologist would conclude that the team has a high degree of social solidarity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which principle of ethical research was violated in the Canadian government's research into health benefits of nutrition conducted in Aboriginal communities in the 1940s?
A)authenticity
B)privacy
C)harm minimization
D)voluntary participation
Answer: C
Q2) In a probability sample, the units are selected randomly.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Jamie believes that if she steps on a crack in the sidewalk on her way to an exam, she will fail the exam.What form of unscientific thinking is Jamie demonstrating?
A)overgeneralization
B)premature closure of inquiry
C)the exception to the rule
D)mystification
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the argument for Canada being a postmodern culture.
Answer: Canada can be seen as a postmodern culture due to its embrace of diversity, multiculturalism, and the rejection of grand narratives. In Canada, there is a recognition and celebration of various cultural traditions, languages, and identities, which reflects the postmodern emphasis on plurality and difference. Additionally, Canada's political and social institutions have evolved to accommodate and respect this diversity, further exemplifying postmodern values.
Furthermore, Canada's rejection of grand narratives or overarching truths is evident in its approach to history, literature, and art. Instead of promoting a single national identity or historical narrative, Canada acknowledges and explores the complexities and contradictions within its history and culture. This rejection of a singular truth aligns with postmodern skepticism towards metanarratives and a willingness to embrace multiple perspectives.
In conclusion, Canada's emphasis on diversity, multiculturalism, and the rejection of grand narratives align with the characteristics of a postmodern culture, making a strong argument for Canada being considered as such.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the relationship between the flexible self and virtual communities.
Q2) What is the main sociological contribution of Sigmund Freud's theory?
A)that the self emerges during early social interaction
B)that the self provides instant gratification
C)that the self is beyond the pleasure principle
D)that the self is formed in a haphazard manner
Q3) Which of the following comprise your peer group?
A)family members
B)students at other Canadian universities
C)senior employees who mentor you at work
D)professors at your university
Q4) According to Turkle, cyberspace allows individuals to assume new identities and explore new aspects of themselves.What is one consequence of this trend?
A)People can have multiple identities and multiple personal lives.
B)People have become more committed to traditional roles.
C)People have become more responsible for their actions.
D)People undergo inadvertent resocialization.
Q5) Anticipatory socialization is a part of formal education.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years, what emotion have people increasingly been called upon to manage?
A)fear
B)joy
C)anger
D)grief
Q2) According to the textbook, "no fail" school policies foster empathy toward students with all skill levels.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the textbook, which of the following people is likely to be the one who interrupts more in a conversation?
A)Alice, a 20-year-old woman, in conversation with Robert, a 30-year-old man
B)Robert, a 30-year-old man, in conversation with Alice, a 20-year-old woman
C)a child, in conversation with an adult
D)an adult, in conversation with a child
Q4) What is impression management? Give an example of how it works from your own life.
Q5) Explain what status cues are and how they work.
Q6) Summarize the contribution of feminist theory to our understanding of emotions.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately what percentage of Asch's research participants consistently gave the correct answers in the face of group pressure to select a wrong answer choice?
A)25 percent
B)50 percent
C)75 percent
D)100 percent
Q2) In 1933 Germany, 44 percent of marriages involving a Jew were with a non-Jew.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following exemplifies a secondary group?
A)a married couple
B)a high school clique
C)a concert audience
D)elderly parents with adult children
Q4) Define and give an example of a primary group.
Q5) Define bureaucratic dehumanization and bureaucratic ritualism.Give examples.
Q6) Describe the main characteristics of a dyad using an example.
Q7) What role did networks, groups, and bureaucracies play in the Holocaust?
Q8) Describe main characteristics of a social network, using an example.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Knowing that there is a sizeable movement for decriminalization of marijuana in Canada, which of the following types of deviance does smoking marijuana represent?
A)social diversion
B)social deviation
C)conflict crime
D)consensus crime
Q2) White-collar crimes are mostly committed by people from the lower classes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Is incidence of crime, as shown by official statistics and other data sources, different?
Q4) Critics argue that police units investigating white-collar crime are too small and inadequately funded.With which of the following theories is this view consistent?
A)conflict theory
B)functionalist theory
C)symbolic-interactionist theory
D)postmodernist theory
Q5) Define white-collar crime and give an example of it.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to tastefully use language and images and impress, influence, and persuade others is known as social capital.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Functionalists justify social inequality by the length and cost of training necessary for some occupations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Some politicians present welfare policies as wasteful, unfair, and not worthy of serious consideration.In Weber's terms, what are they trying to achieve by presenting policies of their opponents in this way?
A)power
B)authority
C)charisma
D)instrumental rationality
Q4) How do social policies affect poverty in Canada?
Q5) Compare intragenerational and intergenerational mobility.Give one example of each.
Q6) Define "the culture of poverty" and main objections to this explanation.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tammy's professor has told the class that, if Ethiopia would simply adopt a more Western style of thinking and behaving, that nation would cease to be poor.What theory is Tammy's professor proposing?
A)dependency theory
B)world systems theory
C)modernization theory
D)new international division of labour theory
Q2) Which of the following regions have experienced opposing trends in inequality since the 1980s?
A)China and India
B)India and Brazil
C)sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil
D)China and sub-Saharan Africa
Q3) Carolina lives in a semiperipheral capitalist country.Which of the following countries is her home?
A)Japan
B)Guatemala
C)Israel
D)Germany
Q4) Describe trade regionalization.Which aspect of globalization does it contradict?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, which of the following characteristics of the portrayal of Muslims in the series Little Mosque on the Prairie is sociologically accurate?
A)They are essentially similar to other groups.
B)They are less religious than other groups.
C)They are more religious than other groups.
D)They are more likely to be politically extreme than other groups.
Q2) What has been the outcome of Canadian-U.S.differences on the retention of immigrant culture following immigration?
A)American immigrants are more likely to acquire citizenship.
B)Canadian immigrants are more likely to acquire citizenship.
C)American immigrants are much more successful economically.
D)Canadian immigrants are much more successful economically.
Q3) Race is a useful biological concept, but it is useless in sociology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A significant reason why Canada's Aboriginal peoples have failed to integrate is internal colonialism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the textbook explain occupational sex segregation in Canada?
A)by women's choice of programs of study
B)by women's choice to interrupt their careers for childbearing
C)by undervaluation of women's skills
D)by gender discrimination in hiring
Q2) Which of the following refers to people who wish to alter their bodies, through surgery and hormone therapy, to become neither conventionally male nor conventionally female?
A)transsexuals
B)transgendered people
C)transvestites
D)transculturals
Q3) What legal principle guides pay of both men and women in Canada?
A)equal pay for equal work
B)equal pay for equal work stress
C)equal pay for work of equal value
D)equal pay for work of equal importance
Q4) Define essentialism and give examples of it.
Q5) Describe the impacts of long-distance warfare and conquest on gender relations.
Page 13
Q6) Define gender ideology and give examples of it.
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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Sample Questions
Q1) North American-born children of immigrants are usually shorter than their parents who were born abroad.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Abigail was obsessed with the perfect bodies found in fashion magazines and Playboy centrefolds and was determined to achieve the same body mass index (BMI) even if it was considered to be underweight.What BMI was Abigail striving for?
A)BMI of 18
B)BMI of 18.5
C)BMI of 19
D)BMI of 19.5
Q3) What is a gerontocracy?
A)a society in which the aged have very little prestige or status
B)a society where the eldest are treated with disdain
C)a society that is ruled by the older citizens
D)a society that reveres the young and tolerates the old
Q4) What is ableism?
Q5) Link personal body weight to social class.
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Q6) Identify and explain two reasons for the increase of elderly citizens in Canada.
Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the middle of the 1800s, Willie was forced to close his blacksmith shop and get work in the new textile mill.According to the stages of labour market development model, which stage does Willie's situation characterize?
A)worker resistance
B)labour homogenization
C)labour market segmentation
D)initial proletarianization
Q2) Jean is a tenured university professor.Which of the following does she belong to through her work?
A)a trade union
B)a worker cooperative
C)a professional association
D)an expert council
Q3) Which of the following democratic socialist nations are among the 10 most competitive nations in the world?
A)Sweden and Switzerland
B)Sweden and Norway
C)Germany and France
D)Germany and Finland
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a precondition of liberal democracy?
A)postindustrialism
B)urbanization
C)economic equality
D)technological innovation
Q2) When power is widely diffused, we can speak of pluralist theory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What do we call violent armed conflict between politically distinct groups who fight to protect or increase control of a territory?
A)conquest
B)war
C)political opposition
D)genocide
Q4) What evidence do critics of pluralism have to counter the pluralist theory? Which position do you support and why?
Q5) Discuss the postmaterialism school of thought and the links to voting behaviour and unorthodox political action on the part of many Canadians.
Q6) How is state-centred theory different from power resource and elite theories?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2001, Mary Kate and Ashley were excitedly planning their marriage to each other.What country were they living in?
A)the United States
B)Canada
C)the Netherlands
D)Sweden
Q2) If people worry that the family is in decline, what type of reform are they most likely to pressure government for?
A)stronger penalties for criminals and young offenders
B)changes to child tax and family allowance benefits
C)changes to divorce and abortion laws
D)a return to traditional education curriculum
Q3) What is polygamy?
Q4) What do we call living together as a couple without being legally married?
A)cohabitation
B)civil union
C)alternative marriage
D)coexistence
Q5) Describe the dominant family patterns in Canada in the 15 years after World War II.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud, how do people acquire religious beliefs?
A)Religion is genetically encoded; we are " wired for God."
B)Religion is something that must be forced on people.
C)Religion is very much a learned phenomenon.
D)Religion is something we adapt to without much reflection.
Q2) Roman Catholicism in Canada, Judaism in Israel, and Hinduism in India are all examples of which of the following?
A)a sect
B)a cult
C)an ecclesia
D)a church
Q3) Using Émile Durkheim's ideas about religion and religious practice, explain the Stanley Cup.
Q4) According to the text, what is a religious sect?
A)It is a segment of an established religion consisting of very devout members.
B)It is a religious group that is more atheistic in its perspective.
C)It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.
D)It is a portion of the clergy, such as ministers, monks, deacons, or elders.
Q5) What is the future of religion in Canada?
Q6) Who scores highest on measures of religiosity in Canada today and why?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before the rise of Protestantism, merchants and tradesmen held a virtual monopoly on literacy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the differences between educational attainment and educational achievement.
Q3) Around 1900, which two countries were the first to create systems of universal education for youth?
A)Germany and France
B)the United Kingdom and Ireland
C)Italy and Japan
D)Canada and the United States
Q4) Lori cannot wait for her son Oscar to begin primary school so that she can return to paid work full-time.Which of the following functions of education will Lori be engaging in?
A)a lateral function
B)a manifest function
C)a latent function
D)a collateral function
Q5) Explain how cultural capital advantages some children.
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert believes that mass media perform many functions that make social order possible.Which theory do his ideas reflect?
A)functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)postmodernism
Q2) Ownership of the mass media has become more widely distributed over time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wanda lives in Canada and feels passionately that Canadian culture is in danger of being overwhelmed by American cultural values as imported via mass media.What is Wanda worried about?
A)cultural diffusion
B)media imperialism
C)cultural convergence
D)media conglomeration
Q4) The Internet penetration rate in Canada is second only to that of the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is health defined?
Q2) Besides higher rates of illness and mortality, what else increases as income decreases?
A)stress
B)public education
C)physical activity
D)prescription drug use
Q3) Americans spend almost twice as much on health care as in Canada and nearly three times more than in Japan.Which of the following would account for the fact that Americans are not as healthy as Canadians or the Japanese?
A)The United States has an insufficient health care system.
B)The United States has a shortage of properly trained medical staff.
C)The United States has a large population of poor people.
D)The United States lags behind in medical research.
Q4) Define infant mortality.
Q5) What accounts for unevenly distributed health risks in the human population?
Q6) How does lack of knowledge influence health and longevity?
Q7) M.J.Coldwell is regarded as the "father of medicare" in Canada.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Karl Marx, what creates the problem of overpopulation?
Q2) One of the criticisms against Louis Wirth's urban way of life is that he placed too much emphasis on social intimacy and networks of involvement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bill has lived all his life in a place where his neighbours get together every weekend to barbecue after church and where most of the community goes out to support the local hockey team when they play games against other communities.According to Louis Wirth, what is Bill's experience typical of?
A)urban life
B)suburban life
C)rural life
D)social life
Q4) What is the theory of gentrification, and how has this process transformed the landscape of many North American cities?
Q5) What is the Malthusian trap?
Q6) Outline the theory of human ecology as the Chicago school has applied this theory to urban settings.
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1960s, the New Democratic Party (NDP) was able to convince the government of the day to extend full union rights to which of the following groups?
A)manufacturing workers
B)national banking employees
C)medical care professionals
D)public-sector workers
Q2) In the 1970s, the United States was the most strike-prone country in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following derailed the textbook author's efforts to initiate a protest about pulp mill pollution among students in a New Brunswick high school?
A)resource immobilization
B)elite authority
C)elite social control tactics
D)frame alignment problems
Q4) The violation of norms (sometimes called strain) is an aspect of breakdown theory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laura is working on a project at her university that, if successful, may create enormous profits for the investors while being potentially harmful to some animal species.According to the textbook, what is she most likely to suffer from in this situation?
A)a moral quandary
B)a risk society
C)a normal accident
D)a technological dilemma
Q2) What do Canadian surveys on environmental issues demonstrate about the Canadian public?
A)They are clearly cognizant of the issues.
B)They feel hopeless in the face of environmental problems.
C)They believe that governments should pass more protectionist laws.
D)They are willing to pay significantly higher taxes to protect the environment.
Q3) What does the increased use of fossil fuels, especially in industry, cause?
A)genetic pollution
B)global warming
C)acid rain
D)a decrease in biodiversity
Q4) What is a risk society?
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