Course Introduction
Sociology and Society Exam Practice Tests
Sociology and Society explores the fundamental principles and concepts of sociology, examining how human behavior and social structures shape individual and collective experiences. The course investigates the relationships between individuals and social institutions such as family, education, religion, and the economy, emphasizing the ways society influences identity, values, and interactions. Through analysis of key sociological theories and research, students gain insights into social inequality, culture, socialization, and the dynamics of social change, preparing them to critically assess the complexities of modern societies.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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16 Chapters
1239 Verified Questions
1239 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theorists of __________ such as Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim compared societies to the workings of a human body.
A)functionalism
B)postmodern theory
C)feminist theory
D)Marxism
E)symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
Q2) Anita puts forward the idea that under capitalism,working people and the wealthy will struggle,and from this struggle a new kind of society will emerge.Her thoughts most closely mirror those of which theorist?
A)Karl Marx
B)Émile Durkheim
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Max Weber
E)W.E.B.Du Bois
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,two cultural universals particularly stand out in human societies.They are __________ and __________ .
A)ways of expressing meaning; material goods
B)material goods; money
C)market relations; ways of expressing meaning
D)market relations; money
E)ways of expressing meaning; capital accumulation
Answer: A
Q2) __________is the process by which different cultures are absorbed into a single mainstream culture.
A)Multiculturalism
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Apoliticism
D)Assimilation
E)Cultural relativism
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to George Herbert Mead's theory of socialization,children are not born with __________ but learn to acquire __________ through socialization.
A)a generalized other; an identity
B)intelligence; an identity
C)social consciousness; a social self
D)"me"; "I"
E)an ego; a self
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of television show depicts the highest number of violent acts per episode?
A)children's cartoons
B)comedy sitcoms
C)news programs
D)crime dramas
E)variety shows
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the
Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Edward T.Hall identifies how many zones for personal space?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)infinite, since we define acceptable personal space based on each person we encounter
Q2) Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a specific social position in American society?
A)race
B)doctor
C)gender
D)sexual orientation
E)ethnicity
Q3) Using the example of fans watching a football game at your college stadium,explain how individuals would be engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others.Discuss the appropriate terms used by Erving Goffman and other sociologists to analyze such situations.
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A brother and sister enrolled in a large chemistry class would be considered a(n):
A)triad
B)primary group
C)secondary group
D)social category
E)aggregate group
Q2) According to Robert Putnam,television is the main cause of:
A)an increase in violence
B)an increase in sex among teenagers
C)declining civic participation
D)a declining attention span among young people
E)a decline in family interaction
Q3) Triads are generally more stable than dyads because:
A)three are always better than two
B)the third person relieves some of the pressures on the other two
C)the third person makes the relationship more intense
D)the third person can get jealous
E)the more people in a group, the more fun people have together
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which researcher found that boys in the lower working class who are frustrated with their positions in life often joined together in delinquent subcultures that rejected middle-class values and replaced them with norms that celebrate defiance?
A)Albert Cohen
B)Robert Merton
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Kingsley Davis
E)Talcott Parsons
Q2) Which of the following statements would Émile Durkheim DISAGREE with?
A)People in the modern age are highly controlled by social expectations.
B)Deviance is necessary for society.
C)Deviance can contribute to the stability of society.
D)Deviance in an innovative force.
E)Deviance promotes boundary maintenance.
Q3) Why have efforts to significantly decrease the supply of illegal drugs in the United States failed?
Q4) Compare and contrast differential association theory with control theory.Which theory do you think better explains crime? Explain.
Q5) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karl Marx called those who own the means of production __________ and those who make their living by selling their own labor power for a wage __________.
A)capitalists; the working class
B)producers; consumers
C)merchants; consumers
D)the working class; capitalists
E)employers; employees
Q2) According to Pierre Bourdieu,working-class parents are just as interested in their children's education as middle- and upper-class parents,but they lack the __________ to help their children experience social mobility.
A)social capital
B)cultural capital
C)tuition capital
D)educational capital
E)language capital
Q3) Why do sociologists say we are seeing "the feminization of poverty"? Which social groups are most likely to be represented among poor women? How has this affected the number and percentage of children living in poverty in the United States?
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9
Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do dependency theorists explain global inequality?
Q2) According to the text,all of the following are true about people living in low-income countries EXCEPT:
A)People living in low-income countries tend to have inadequate health facilities compared to people living in high-income countries.
B)People living in low-income countries tend to have higher literacy rates than people in high-income countries.
C)People living in low-income countries often lack proper sanitation.
D)People living in low-income countries often must drink polluted water.
E)People living in low-income countries are more likely to suffer from starvation than people in high-income countries.
Q3) Liu lives in a country that largely provides adequate housing,food,and drinkable water.It is likely that he lives in a __________ country.
A)high-income
B)highly homogenous
C)middle-income
D)complete hunter-gatherer
E)low-income
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Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Navajo culture,the nádleehí,male-bodied people with feminine natures:
A)are considered especially honorable
B)are devalued
C)cross-dress because they consider cross-dressing erotic
D)do not actually exist; it is simply a myth
E)were banned from Navajo society
Q2) Which perspective focuses on the interaction of race,class,and gender in the disadvantages faced by women?
A)liberal feminism
B)radical feminism
C)black feminism
D)Parsonian functionalism
E)Marxism
Q3) Comparable worth policies would be a strategy most likely to be supported by which type of feminism?
A)liberal feminism
B)radical feminism
C)black feminism
D)Parsonian functionalism
E)Marxism
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Which of the following statements concerning racism is NOT true?
A)Racism is a form of prejudice focusing on physical variations between people.
B)Racist attitudes became entrenched during the period of Western colonial expansion.
C)Racist attitudes rest on mechanisms of prejudice and discrimination found in human societies today.
D)Racism can refer to explicit beliefs in racial supremacy such as the systems established in Nazi Germany, before the civil rights movement in the United States, and in South Africa under apartheid.
E)Racism resides in the individual conscious only.
Q2) The term that describes cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart is:
A)ethnicity
B)ethnocentrism
C)race
D)racism
E)heredity
Q3) What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Is discrimination always preceded by prejudice?
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12
Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals in which category have the highest probability that their first cohabitation will become a marriage within five years?
A)white women
B)Hispanic women
C)black women
D)Hispanic men
E)black men
Q2) Which group has a strong commitment to family interdependence,family and friend networks that help members financially,and higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites?
A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Puerto Rican Americans
E)African Americans
Q3) Does cohabitation lead to divorce? If so,explain how.
Q4) Discuss the differences in family patterns between white and black families.Discuss the research of Carol Stack in your answer.
Q5) According to Andrew Cherlin,what are the effects of divorce on children?
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the connections between education and employment?
Q2) Luis believes that it is the responsibility of Christians and the Catholic Church to be activists and advocates for the poor.This idea is referred to as:
A)Christian fundamentalism
B)secularism
C)humanism
D)religious nationalism
E)liberation theology
Q3) What are some of the competing solutions offered for the problem of illiteracy in the United States?
Q4) Donal thinks that religions are best studied as being in competition with one another for followers.Sociologists call this view:
A)dialectical materialism
B)idealism
C)religious economy
D)followers theory
E)sectarianism
Q5) What are some theories for why schooling has developed as it has in modern society?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Q1) Using the concept of division of labor,describe the key differences in the nature of work in traditional versus modern societies.
Q2) According to the text,what are three types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship?
Q3) Premodern,as opposed to modern,systems of production were based above all on:
A)agriculture
B)heavy industry
C)technology
D)communication
E)globalization
Q4) According to the text,why is voter turnout so low in the United States?
Q5) Stan just turned eighteen.His parents are both fifty-five.Stan's father expresses continuing trust in government,but Stan and his mother are highly suspicious of government.According to the text,which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A)Stan's parents are more concerned about environmental issues than their son.
B)Stan is more likely to vote than his mother.
C)Stan is more likely to vote than his father.
D)Stan is more likely to vote than both his mother and father.
E)Stan's father is more likely to vote than Stan's mother.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mathilda is morbidly obese.She regularly has problems interacting with her family,friends,and strangers due to the stereotypes that abound regarding her illness.She even lost a job once because she could no longer accept the degrading comments made by her coworkers and boss regarding what they perceived as her moral failings for being so obese.What term would sociologists use to refer to her obesity since it is devalued and labeled by society as undesirable?
A)a disadvantage
B)a stigma
C)a dogma
D)a relativity
E)a sick role
Q2) What are some social consequences of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)epidemic in developing nations?
Q3) What is sexual orientation?
Q4) Compare complementary and alternative medicine.
Q5) Provide at least two explanations for the gender gap in health.
Q6) How do social class and race affect health?
Page 16
Q7) Why are infectious diseases more common in developing nations than in the United States today?
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most populous cities in the world include over 10 million inhabitants,but even more people may live in a cluster of cities and towns forming a continuous network called:
A)a megalopolis
B)a metropolis
C)a conurbation
D)urbanization
E)gentrification
Q2) Why are developing countries experiencing urbanization at such a rapid pace? What social,economic,and environmental challenges do those cities face in dealing with this rapid urbanization?
Q3) The average number of live-born children that the average woman has is known as:
A)the crude birth rate
B)fertility
C)fecundity
D)the crude fertility rate
E)the rate of population growth
Q4) Describe the process of suburbanization as it has occurred in the United States and explain the role of the U.S.government in shaping the process and the outcomes/problems of suburbanization.
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Charles Tilly,mobilization is one of the main factors of collective action.Mobilization is:
A)how word of social protests spreads
B)a type of social protest
C)the size of the crowd
D)how people are transported to protest sites
E)the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible
Q2) The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today.What is?
A)the consumption of material goods
B)the development and dissemination of information and knowledge
C)agriculture
D)warfare
E)fishing
Q3) According to Ulrich Beck,globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?
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