Sociology 101 Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Sociology 101 provides an introduction to the scientific study of human society, social behavior, and social institutions. The course explores key concepts such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups, deviance, inequality, and social change. Students will examine how individuals interact within various societal contexts, analyze the impact of social forces on behavior, and consider the role of institutions such as family, education, and government. Throughout the course, diverse sociological perspectives and research methods will be introduced, enabling students to develop a critical understanding of contemporary social issues and their own place within society.
Recommended Textbook
SOC 4th edition by Nijole V. Benokraitis
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16 Chapters
1280 Verified Questions
1280 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Thinking Like a Sociologist
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of theories?
A) Theories examine the patterns of individuals' social interaction in specific settings.
B) Theories produce knowledge, guide people's research, and help them analyze their findings.
C) Theories offer explanations that can greatly disrupt the quality of one's everyday life.
D) Theories are proposed explanations, which are made on the basis of limited evidence.
E) Theories are known and proved to be true in all cases.
Answer: B
Q2) In his classic study _____, Durkheim relied on extensive data collection to draw conclusions about social integration.
A) Social Issues
B) Social Assimilation
C) Cohesion
D) Suicide
E) Integration
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Examining Our Social World
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Q1) Michelle is presenting her research at a local conference.She has concluded that the program she reviewed is very effective in its mission.According to the steps in the scientific method, using the deductive approach, Michelle is:
A) selecting the topic for her research.
B) collecting data for her research.
C) analyzing and explaining results of her research.
D) reviewing the previous works related to her research.
E) choosing a research design for her research.
Answer: C
Q2) Data that is collected at one point in time is known as _____.
A) dependent data
B) longitudinal data
C) scientific data
D) cross-sectional data
E) random data
Answer: D
Q3) Causation is also known as correlation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of symbols?
A) They are innately acquired.
B) They are transmitted from one generation to the next.
C) They distinguish one culture from another.
D) They remain consistent over time.
E) They remain consistent across all societies.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following are examples of core U.S.values?
A) Saying "please" and "thank you"
B) Cannibalism, incest, and infanticide
C) Progress, equality, and democracy
D) Consumer protection, student bullying, and pension reform
E) Loss of employment, expulsion from college, and imprisonment
Answer: C
Q3) Diffusion involves exploration and investigation, and results in new products, insights, ideas, or behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture shapes behavior?
A) Evelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband.She was also similarly diagnosed with diabetes at a young age.
B) Audrey underwent sex reassignment surgery when she was fifteen.She, however, never got accustomed to her new gender.
C) Logan and his twin sister were raised by positive, affirming parents.Logan, however, suffered from attention deficit disorder, which is more common among men, while his sister did not.
D) Grace and David were going through a trying period in their marriage.Grace developed an eating disorder, whereas David became short tempered and irritable.
E) Benjie's father, an alcoholic, suffered from liver damage.He advised his son from a young age to avoid such destructive habits, and Benjie grew up to have a healthy lifestyle.
Q2) Elaborate on the reasons that cause the boomerang generation to move back in with their parents.
Q3) Explain the various opinions that arise from the nature-nurture debate.
Q4) Explain the socialization process of teenagers.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Q1) A(n) _____ is a social position that a person attains through personal effort or assumes voluntarily.
A) achieved status
B) assigned status
C) ascribed status
D) attributed status
E) designated status
Q2) Which of the following defines "social interaction"?
A) The process by which a person gains knowledge about a particular topic
B) The process by which a person investigates a phenomenon in a systematic manner
C) The process by which a person acts toward and reacts to people around him or her
D) The process by which an unorganized pattern of behavior governs people's relationships
E) The process by which an organized pattern of behavior governs people's relationships
Q3) Roles are always flexible.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Social Groups, Organizations, and Social Institutions
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Q1) Cynthia is a medical intern who is undergoing six months of training.She aspires to be a successful cardiologist in the future.Who among the following will be her reference group?
A) Her professors in medical school
B) Doctors
C) Her classmates in medical school
D) Nurses
E) Her family
Q2) Charles is a democratic leader.He will generally be controlling and bossy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Lilian, her siblings, and her cousins attend the same school.She had recently joined her school's literary club.Since then, Lilian discusses the books she reads with her two best friends whom she meets every day.Who among the following form Lilian's secondary group?
A) Her siblings
B) Her cousins
C) Her best friends
D) Her family
E) Her literary club members
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the two most important sources of crime statistics.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of Robert Merton's institutionalized means to achieve economic success?
A) Completing college
B) Creating diversity
C) Having cultural strain
D) Being unemployed
E) Being non-adjusting
Q3) Which of the following is a characteristic of deviance?
A) Perceptions of deviance remain the same across all human beings irrespective of age, caste, ethnicity, gender, or religion.
B) If a behavior is once perceived as deviant then it is considered as deviant forever.
C) Perception of deviance is not defined or influenced by laws, but it is defined by every individual.
D) Perception of deviance changes over time.
E) Public attitudes and perception of deviance are independent of each other.
Q4) Public attitudes and behavior affect definitions of deviance.Justify this statement with examples.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification: United States and Global
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Q1) Which of the following is a reason why the poverty level amongst older Americans is comparatively lower than other age groups?
A) Older Americans have had better life chances than most.
B) Divorce rates are higher among older Americans.
C) The economy has remained stable in the recent past.
D) Government programs have generally kept up with the rate of inflation.
E) There has been an increase in high-paying jobs for the aged.
Q2) Since ascribed characteristics can change, people in open stratification systems can move from one social class to another.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The proletariat are those who own and control capital and the means of production and can amass wealth and power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how demographic factors affect social mobility.
Q5) List two characteristics of prestigious occupations.Support your answer with examples.
Q6) How does wealth differ from income?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) Which of the following is true of abortions?
A) Abortion is most common among women who are in their twenties, white, and never married.
B) Most of the women who get abortions do not have any children.
C) Most women getting abortions belong to upper middle class and upper class.
D) Abortion is specific to certain religions.
E) Most women getting abortions lack even the basic education.
Q2) Lisa has a number of close friends of both sexes.However, she is not attracted to either sex.In this scenario, Lisa is _____.
A) homosexual
B) bisexual
C) heterosexual
D) intersexual
E) asexual
Q3) What are the reasons for the decrease in abortion rates?
Q4) Briefly explain the four types of sexual orientations.
Q5) Define gender.
Q6) Russia is one of the few liberal nations that support homosexuality.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is prejudice? Discuss with an example.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of U.S.racial and ethnic diversity?
A) The number of Americans who identify themselves as being of two or more races is projected to decrease.
B) The foreign-born population in the United States is expected to shrink by 2050.
C) By 2025, more than 70 percent of the U.S.population is projected to be white.
D) The multiracial population in the United States is increasing.
E) The United States is the least multicultural country in the world.
Q3) _____ is an attitude that involves forming an opinion about people beforehand, usually in a negative way.
A) Prejudice
B) Apartheid
C) Genocide
D) Pluralism
E) Ethnocentrism
Q4) What is a minority? Discuss the characteristics of a minority.
Q5) Discuss de facto segregation.
Q6) Discuss the factors responsible for the increase in interracial marriages.
Q7) Discuss how conflict theorists view racial-ethnic inequality.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Economy and Politics
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Q1) A major reason for deindustrialization is that, beginning in the early 1960s, employers easily replaced workers with the lowest skill levels with automation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define capitalism.List the characteristics of a capitalistic economy.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of downward power and upward power?
A) With upward power, state senators can affect their constituents' lives.
B) In upward power, voters can vote politicians out of office.
C) In upward power, state representatives can pass laws on taxes.
D) In downward power, voters can protest.
E) In downward power, voters can refuse to follow laws.
Q4) How does a transnational corporation differ from a transnational conglomerate?
Q5) _____ is power based on the belief that laws and appointed or elected political leaders are legitimate.
A) Traditional authority
B) Downward authority
C) Charismatic-inspirational authority
D) Upward authority
E) Rational-legal authority
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Chapter 12: Families and Aging
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Q1) Mary, a Catholic, is in a romantic relationship with Aaron, a Protestant.They plan on getting married.Mary's family is not happy about her relationship with Aaron because her family has a cultural practice of marrying only Catholics.This practice of marriage followed by Mary's family is an example of _____.
A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) polyandry
D) misandry
E) bigamy
Q2) In a(n) _____, a couple sets up its own residence.
A) patrilocal residence pattern
B) matrilocal residence pattern
C) neolocal residence pattern
D) ambilocal residence pattern
E) matriarchal residence pattern
Q3) Educated women are more likely to have unintended or unwanted pregnancies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain exogamy with an example.
Q5) Discuss the various forms in which family conflict and violence occur.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Education and Religion
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Q1) A cult is a subgroup within a religion that shares its name and traditions and is generally on good terms with the main group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the context of higher education, which of the following statements best describes affirmative action?
A) It refers to the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that people have certain skills, educational attainment levels, or job qualifications.
B) It refers to school practices that transmit nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs.
C) It refers to a system that rewards people because of their individual accomplishments.
D) It refers to the process of assigning students to specific educational programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability.
E) It refers to admission policies that provide equal access for groups, particularly women and minorities that have been historically excluded or underrepresented.
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Chapter 14: Health and Medicine
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Q1) The identification of binge eating as a disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) exemplifies:
A) medicalization.
B) naturalization.
C) denaturation.
D) nullification.
E) regularization.
Q2) Acute diseases develop gradually or are present from birth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is the most common mental health problem among adolescents?
A) Depression
B) Parasomnia
C) Panic disorder
D) Manic episode
E) Down syndrome
Q4) According to conflict theorists, illness and disease are socially constructed.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment
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Q1) _____ is people's movement from rural areas to cities, which results in the increased size of cities.
A) Modernization
B) Localization
C) Urbanization
D) Globalization
E) Colonization
Q2) Ralph believes that urban development is a political tactic and is controlled by laws that favor the rich.Ralph's views represent the _____ perspective.
A) functionalist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict theorist
D) feminist theorist
E) fundamentalist
Q3) If Bryan moved from New Zealand to London, he will be an emigrant in London.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the process of fracking and its impact on water supplies.
Q5) How did the Industrial Revolution promote urbanization?
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Chapter 16: Social Change: Collective Behavior, Social Movements,
and Technology
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Q1) Explain the terms panic and mass hysteria.Examine the impact they have on people.
Q2) A(n) _____ is a highly emotional and disorderly crowd that uses force, the threat of force, or violence against a specific target.
A) clique
B) mob
C) public
D) assembly
E) cult
Q3) Which of the following theories states that social movements offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others?
A)
Symbolic interaction theory
B) New social movements theory
C) Resource mobilization theory
D) Relative deprivation theory
E) Mass society theory
Q4) Critically evaluate the mass society theory and new social movements theory.
Q5) What is a riot? How do riots differ from mobs?
Page 18
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