Sociological Imagination
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Sociological Imagination explores the concept introduced by C. Wright Mills, emphasizing the ability to connect personal experiences with larger social and historical forces. This course encourages students to examine how individual lives are shaped by societal structures, cultural norms, and historical contexts. Through engaging readings, discussions, and case studies, students will develop critical thinking skills to analyze how issues such as class, race, gender, and power influence both private troubles and public issues. By applying the sociological imagination, learners gain a deeper understanding of their place in society and are better equipped to participate thoughtfully in civic life.
Recommended Textbook
The Sociology Project Introducing the Sociological Imagination 1st Edition by Jeff Manza
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2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Imagination
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Q1) A society is a large group of people who live in the same area and participate in a common culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _________,the social sciences began to settle down into organized bodies of knowledge and distinctive professional profiles.
A)In the late Middle Ages
B)Shortly after the American Revolution
C)Between 1880 and 1910
D)In the 1950s and 1960s
Answer: C
Q3) Introductory courses in sociology attempt to give students the tools they need to __________.
A)follow stock market trends
B)find romantic partners
C)analyze how and why our world is the way it is
D)live peaceably with others
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Studying the Social World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it important to conduct a thorough literature review while developing a hypothesis?
Answer: If you do not conduct a thorough literature review,you cannot know what other social scientists before you have said on a subject.If their ideas were contrary to yours,you'd want to know that so that you can properly word your arguments.If their ideas complement yours,you'd want to know that so that you can fit your idea into the existing research.And it is certainly possible that someone else's research already answers the questions that interest you.
Q2) Historical research has always been part of the sociological tradition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The goal of social research is to __________.
A)confirm what researchers already know
B)shore up support for positions researchers already have
C)ask new and interesting questions about the world
D)find evidence that matches researchers' beliefs
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did sociologist Max Atkinson find after studying British politicians?
A)The persuasive skills of highly successful politicians are often completely unique to those individuals.
B)The ability to work a crowd is a social skill that comes from knowing what people need to act together.
C)British politicians possess an entirely different set of persuasive skills from American politicians.
D)British politicians are far more nuanced in their control of audiences than American politicians.
Answer: B
Q2) When we fail at public social performances,such as accidentally dropping a book in class,how do we repair our mistake?
A)Most people immediately stop what they are doing and launch into a detailed apology.
B)Most people signal that all is okay by quietly indicating that they have performed imperfectly.
C)Most people go on as though nothing has happened.
D)Most people involved in the scene will have an embarrassed reaction.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the leading reason for immigration to the United States from the 1880s to the 1920s?
A)jobs in agriculture
B)jobs in manufacturing
C)escape from religious persecutions
D)escape from political persecutions
Q2) Stereotypes rarely result in discrimination against subordinate groups unless the force of law is behind them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the process through which people learn to behave in society or in particular social settings?
A)memorization
B)experimentation
C)localization
D)socialization
Q4) Explain the interplay between social hierarchy and privilege.What role does discrimination play in controlling the opportunities of subordinate groups?
Q5) What are the two key components of social structure and what do they do?
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Chapter 5: Culture, media, and Communication
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Lucy attended an exclusive Ivy League university.She likes horseback riding and snow skiing and dislikes reality television shows.How would a sociologist describe Lucy in cultural terms?
A)Lucy is a cultural omnivore.
B)Lucy's education and preferences represent her cultural capital.
C)Lucy represents the culture industry.
D)Lucy has an ethnocentric mindset.
Q2) Examples of counterpublics include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
A)observatory decks of tall buildings
B)union halls
C)African American churches
D)on-campus LBGT centers
Q3) Every society is full of symbols.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Our future choices and opinions are always guided by our past experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are multiculturalism and cultural relativism? How do these concepts differ from ethnocentrism?
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Chapter 6: Power and Politics
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Q1) Regarding the takeover of Columbia University's President Grayson Kirk's office during the protests in 1968,sociologist Erving Goffman asked the question,__________.
A)"How can human beings do a thing like this?"
B)"How can people behave so horribly?"
C)"Why does this not happen more often?"
D)"Why didn't the police prevent this?"
Q2) In 2007,the top 10 percent of U.S.households received approximately __________ of all income.
A)10
B)25
C)50
D)70
Q3) People's confidence in the government has declined significantly over the past 35 years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Critique the changes to the tax codes that have benefited wealthy Americans.
Q5) Discuss the various components of the state and explain why it is difficult to bring about change in national politics.
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Chapter 7: Markets, organizations, and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sociological study of markets focuses on which factor,or which combination of factors,to explain how markets work?
A)social networks
B)social networks and power
C)social networks and culture
D)social networks,power,and culture
Q2) Monitoring work increases productivity,although it can also produce resistance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Julie opened a bookstore in 1992 and was pleased that it soon became a favorite gathering spot for local college students.As technology rapidly advanced all around her,demanding major adaptations at all the larger bookstore chains in her area,Julie exhibited structural inertia.Which of the following decisions is confirmation of Julie's structurally inert bookstore business?
A)Julie offers discounts on children's books at the end of each season.
B)Julie extends her hours of operation for the duration of the summer.
C)Julie takes on a business partner with no prior selling experience.
D)Julie resists selling e-books even though her customers have asked her to do so.
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Chapter 8: Cities and Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) At present,__________ of the world's population lives in urban areas.
A)one-quarter
B)less than one-third
C)one-third
D)more than one-half
Q2) Why do cities have higher rates of artistic innovation,higher rates of crime,and more "extreme" lifestyles than rural areas?
Q3) Why did researcher Mike Davis label the Los Angeles metropolis a "fortress of exclusion"?
Q4) Why has Burgess's concentric zone model of urban formation and growth been deemed inadequate with respect to the segregation of African Americans in American cities?
Q5) What was the main reason for the population growth in England's cities during the period of rapid industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
Q6) Burgess's model of urban ecology is a model of __________
A)concentric zones spreading outward from a central business district
B)concentric zones spreading outward from a central zone of transition
C)linear arrays spreading across different types of residential zones
D)linear arrays spreading outward from a factory zone
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Social Stratification, inequality, and Poverty
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a designation of class that considers income,occupation,and salary.
A)Life chance
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Consumption utility
D)Class analysis
Q2) The higher the income share of the wealthiest 10 percent in a society __________.
A)the more equal that society is likely to be
B)the less equal that society is likely to be
C)the less efficient that society is likely to be
D)the more efficient that society is likely to be
Q3) Why is it difficult to get an accurate count of the homeless?
A)Many of the homeless may temporarily live with friends and family.
B)Many of the homeless are adept at hiding from researchers.
C)Many of the homeless are in and out of hospitals.
D)Many of the homeless live in areas too dangerous for researchers to visit.
Q4) Discuss the connection between globalization and outsourcing.
Q5) How is inequality of opportunity measured?
Q6) Discuss the criticisms of the talent justification.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acts of racial or ethnic discrimination can be classified as __________.
A)individual or intentional
B)individual or institutional
C)institutional or intentional
D)institutional or structural
Q2) Over the last three decades,from 1980 and 2010,the rates at which African Americans dropped out of high school __________.
A)increased by nearly a quarter
B)increased by nearly half
C)shrunk by nearly a quarter
D)shrunk by nearly half
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court struck down state laws banning interracial marriages in 1957.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In 2010,the median income of the average black household was 60 percent of the median income of white households.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what is meant by institutional discrimination and give an example.
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a random-assignment experiment?
Q2) Researchers attribute the incidence of births outside of marriage among individuals with lower levels of income and education to __________.
A)inconsistent use of birth control
B)promiscuity
C)religious censure
D)ethnic differences
Q3) Analyze and describe ways in which men's lives have been affected by the gender revolution.
Q4) Marcus has been ridiculed and harassed at school for being gay.His classmates shun his company and he has been the victim of numerous threats.Marcus is fearful for his life.He is the victim of __________.
A)heteronormativity
B)a double standard of sexuality
C)homophobia
D)stereotyping
Q5) In hookups women less often experience orgasm than men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Immigration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that immigrants who expect to stay permanently in the United States are more likely to learn English and move out of ethnic enclaves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated national origins quotas on immigration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Among the following factors,which is generally NOT considered a factor that influences decisions to migrate?
A)economic hardship in the sending country
B)political strife in the sending country
C)shared history and borders between sending and receiving country
D)higher wage rates in the sending country
Q4) Temporary migrants are more likely to send remittances than permanent residents.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What would make remittances even more valuable to their recipients?
Q6) How do sociologists access the extent to which immigrants may have help in assimilating when researching immigrant assimilation?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Families and Family Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert and Sarah both work full-time jobs.They take turns cooking dinner and taking their children to their extracurricular activities.Their relationship can best be described as
A)egalitarian
B)traditional
C)polarized
D)inequitable
Q2) Sonia is concerned that the American family is in disarray.She is concerned that people are marrying less,cohabitating more,and forgoing committed relationships in favor of serial ones.Sonia's concerns best align with those of the __________ of family change.
A)family decline perspective
B)economic restructuring perspective
C)gender restructuring perspective
D)family ties perspective
Q3) Marriage rates have declined most steeply among __________.
A)white men
B)white women
C)the less educated
D)the college educated
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Chapter 14: Sociology of Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do sociologists usually mean by secularization?
A)that the world is becoming less mystified
B)that people are becoming more superstitious
C)that people are abandoning religion as unscientific
D)the religion has less and less authority over parts of people's lives
Q2) What are the two principal sects of Islam?
A)Sunni and Shi'a
B)Sunni and Wahabbi
C)Shi'a and Wahabbi
D)Wahabbi and Tawhid
Q3) No god or gods are part of the Buddhist belief system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In "the Unity of the Three Religions" Chinese religious scholars taught that __________ were equivalent and complementary.
A)Buddhism,Confucianism,and syncretism
B)Buddhism,Confucianism,and Taoism
C)Confucianism,syncretism,and Taoism
D)Confucianism,Christianity,and Buddhism
Q5) Briefly describe Sikhism and Jainism.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify several specific ways that students who don't have readily home access to the internet are disadvantaged.
Q2) One factor that might help girls perform better in school is that they tend to spend more time on homework and are less likely to have disciplinary problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percentage of U.S.college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?
A)85 percent
B)75 percent
C)65 percent
D)55 percent
Q4) Teachers of high-track students spend more time on discipline than teachers of low-track students.
A)True B)False
Q5) Discuss the rising trend of home-schooling and its implications on standardized test scores.
Q6) Is schooling equally available to all children around the world?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Crime, deviance, and Social Control
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Q1) "Defining deviance downward" means that the powerful define ordinary behavior of the weak as deviant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an element of state deviance?
A)violating international law
B)government surveillance
C)political ideology
D)war crimes
Q3) What is the difference between statistical deviance and social deviance?
Q4) Which would most likely be a root for the discomfort described by Goffman (1963)in explaining the "norm of engagement"?
A)Weber's Protestant work ethic
B)Marx's belief in the capitalist dis-ease for exploitation
C)Durkheim's social contract
D)Freud's theory of the guilt complex
Q5) Define sanctions and the two forms discussed in your textbook.Include examples.
Q6) What does the author of this chapter identify as two important shapers of the perception that people of color commit the most crime?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Movements and Revolutions
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Q1) Describe at least two social movements that have become more global in scope.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of democracy in shaping social conflict?
A)Democracy generally quells the temptation to rebel against the government because of the knowledge that new elections are but a few years off and,with them,the chance to cast out unpopular rulers.
B)Democracy reduces the likelihood of revolutionary change because it brings about social justice.
C)Democracy eliminates all social conflict.
D)Movements for social justice rarely arise in democratic contexts.
Q3) One way to undermine the credibility of an opponent is __________.
A)using bullhorns effectively
B)in a packed courtroom
C)organizing street protests outside their headquarters
D)using the media (press releases,faxes,Twitter,television)
Q4) Roe v.Wade was a defeat for the antiabortion countermovement.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When organizing a protest,how are tactical choices typically made?
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Chapter 18: Environmental Sociology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a "throwaway society"?
A)a society that is not working toward sustainability
B)a society that uses Styrofoam
C)a society that uses products for convenience and disposability
D)a society that does not have enough landfills
Q2) We cannot expect the majority of people to regulate themselves as long as the negative consequences of their actions will not be apparent until far in the future.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fair trade movement was formed by communities joining together to increase their wages and improve their working conditions,while growing food in ways that promote the health of the surrounding ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When we say that Marx and Engels are determinists in the environmental sense,what is meant?
Q5) The world's supply of oil is known and should last only a few more centuries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Population, aging, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists have produced empirical evidence that suggests that people who are obese __________.
A)are more likely to make choices privately to eat more than people who are not obese
B)are more likely to have friends who are obese
C)are more likely to eat alone
D)are more likely to be in the 18- to 24-year-old age group
Q2) Current estimates,rounded to the nearest million,put the number of legal immigrants in the United States at 21 million and the number of illegal immigrants at 11 million.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One approach to understanding gender differences in health is the biological approach.What does it consider? What is one of its limitations?
Q4) Of the following countries,which has the highest physician-to-population ratio?
A)Cuba
B)Germany
C)Spain
D)the United States
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21
Chapter 20: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Capital-intensive industry involves a lot of what?
A)high-technology machinery
B)outsourcing
C)value chains
D)manual labor
Q2) An economic system in which the market for produced goods is limited is said to be
A)antecapitalist
B)metacapitalist
C)precapitalist
D)protocapitalist
Q3) In union-organizing drives at places of work in the United States,what tactic has been particularly successful at countering organizers,according to a study commissioned by the U.S.Trade Deficit Review Commission?
A)plant closure
B)threat of flight to other locations
C)threat of strike
D)consistent communication across different media channels
Q4) What did the railway and the steamship do to bring about globalization?
Q5) What is meant by price convergence?
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Chapter 21: Social Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which of the following statements about globalization would a neo-Marxist agree?
A)Capitalism is an economic system that exists only within countries.
B)In the capitalist world system,rich countries are able to exploit poor countries.
C)Globalization helps save capitalism from its own worst tendencies.
D)Marxist models of globalization do not fit modern capitalism very well.
Q2) The foundations of modern sociology began to emerge in the middle of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which social theorist would be most likely to make this statement: The discourse surrounding a topic essentially defines the parameters for how we understand it.
A)Simone de Beauvoir
B)James Coleman
C)Michel Foucault
D)Robert Merton
Q4) Summarize the contributions of feminist theory to our sociological understanding.
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