Social Stratification
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Social Stratification examines the structured forms of social inequality that exist within societies, exploring how resources, opportunities, and privileges are distributed among different social groups. The course investigates the historical and contemporary foundations of stratification by analyzing class, race, gender, and other factors that contribute to unequal social positions. Students will study major theoretical frameworks, such as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, as well as the impact of global economic systems on social mobility and life chances. Through case studies and empirical research, the course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how stratification shapes individual experiences and broader social dynamics.
Recommended Textbook
The Family Diversity Inequality and Social Change 1st Edition by Philip N. Cohen
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Chapter 1: A Sociology of the Family
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Q1) What theoretical perspective does the following statement represent? The roles of men and women are part of an "unstable system ripe for . . .change."
A) consensus
B) conflict
C) structural functionalism
D) symbolic interaction
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a family tie formed by legal recognition?
A) a family friend who you refer to as "auntie"
B) your parents
C) adoptive parents
D) a coworker who you see on a daily basis
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a biological family tie?
A) a family friend who you refer to as "auntie"
B) your parents
C) your neighbors
D) a coworker who you see on a daily basis
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Family in History
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Q1) Humans' increased longevity over time is largely the result of:
A) genetic changes.
B) government policy.
C) standard of living.
D) education.
Answer: C
Q2) The increasing diversity of naming practices is indicative of:
A) ethnic diversity in the United States.
B) cultural tradition.
C) personal freedom.
D) individualism.
Answer: C
Q3) A family consisting of two parents and their children,whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection,would be considered a:
A) modern family.
B) companionship family.
C) traditional family.
D) patriarchal family.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Race,Ethnicity,and Immigration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a main factor behind U.S.population change?
A) lower birth rates among new immigrants
B) increasing rates of interracial marriage
C) a shrinking elderly population
D) immigration from Latin America and Asia
Answer: D
Q2) Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs,today's biologists generally see race as
A) something that can be clearly identified through genetics.
B) populations of the different continents.
C) differences that mostly evolved randomly.
D) a way to rank a population's advancement and evolution.
Answer: C
Q3) Family-based immigration may have which of the following consequences?
A) It can decrease the social distance between immigrant groups and the rest of society.
B) It can discourage work among new immigrants.
C) It encourages immigrant families to speak English at home.
D) It ensures that immigrant communities are regularly "replenished."
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Families and Social Class
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Q1) In the text's discussion of poverty in single-parent households,which of the following is NOT one of the types of scarcity mentioned?
A) money
B) time
C) social capital
D) education
Q2) The difference between one's class origin and class destination is known as
A) life chances.
B) social mobility.
C) "rags to riches."
D) social capital.
Q3) The social class gap between those with Internet access and those without is known as
A) digital inequality.
B) Internet inequality.
C) digital gap.
D) digital divide.
Q4) Outline the research findings and theoretical conclusions of Annette Lareau regarding social class and parenting.
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Chapter 5: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study in which children were asked to rate the status and pay of the fictional job of "tenic" demonstrates that
A) females and males are viewed the same when doing the same work.
B) gender expectations lead to more favorable evaluations of jobs associated with men.
C) jobs for women are seen as much more difficult than jobs associated with men.
D) inequality occurs between jobs, but not within them.
Q2) One of the reasons the number of employed women increased rapidly after World War II was because
A) men wanted to stay home and be taken care of financially.
B) women obtained more education and wanted to use their degrees.
C) day-care centers improved so much that women no longer wanted to care for their own children.
D) the government mandated that companies hire as many female employees as male employees.
Q3) Describe two ways in which sex differences support the cultural expectations of women as weaker than men.
Q4) Support or refute the statement that men and women are opposites.
Q5) How are family roles or expectations differentiated by a child's gender?
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Chapter 6: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam is not sexually attracted to either gender and shows little interest in sexual partners.This form of sexual orientation is best described as A) asexual.
B) bisexual.
C) heterosexual.
D) homosexual.
Q2) Sexual identity includes all of the following,EXCEPT
A) frequency of sexual activity.
B) biological identity.
C) sexual orientation.
D) gender identity.
Q3) On average,men report about twice as many sexual partners as women.This is evidence of a A) sexual script.
B) double standard.
C) gender bias.
D) biological distinction.
Q4) Which have more impact on human behavior: biological influences or social influences? Provide examples from the text to support your decision.
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Chapter 7: Love and Romantic Relationships
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Q1) Support or refute the following statement: "Because we are socialized to fall in love with a certain type of person,romantic love is a myth."
Q2) Which of the following issues has been controversial at high school proms in recent years?
A) students bringing a same-sex date to the event
B) schools encouraging students to rent hotel rooms for after parties
C) parents refusing to let young people attend without a date
D) the cost to school budgets to put on these social events
Q3) Evan is the wealthy son of a Minneapolis restaurant owner.He marries Naomi,the daughter of a local physician.Based only on these social characteristics,we can conclude that
A) they married for love and no other reason.
B) both considered their parents' wishes prior to marriage.
C) the marriage is characterized by social class endogamy.
D) each will be employed outside the home.
Q4) Explain why high school proms reflect traditional expectations of partner selection.
Q5) Describe the social script for the first day of class.How is this script similar to the script you would follow for a first date?
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Chapter 8: Marriage and Cohabitation
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Q1) Religious leaders,counselors,media,and social workers are some examples of this category of reasons people marry:
A) incentives
B) imitation
C) social pressure
D) belief systems
Q2) The 1993 policy implemented by Bill Clinton to address the issue of gay military recruits was known as:
A) "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"
B) "Heterosexual Recruitment"
C) DOMA
D) Tolerance Policy
Q3) The trend in public opinion indicates that:
A) a majority of Americans have no opinion on gay marriage.
B) attitudes against gay marriage will grow in coming years.
C) the U.S. public will remain divided on this issue for many years.
D) a growing majority will continue to support same-sex marriage rights.
Q4) Evaluate the reasoning and effectiveness of government efforts to encourage marriage among the poor.
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Chapter 9: Families and Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Jose was looking for a job,his father Jesus was able to get him an interview at a friend's company.Which category of skill or resource was Jesus providing to Jose?
A) social networks
B) social bonds
C) socialization
D) social status
Q2) Why are first-generation Latino immigrants more likely to have children than families who immigrated in earlier generations?
A) The American education system lacks a sexual education curriculum.
B) The United States is polluted with environmental toxins that prevent fertility.
C) Latin American culture places high value on having children.
D) Latinos know they can get welfare from the U.S. government.
Q3) What percentage of all pregnancies are identified as "unintended"?
A) 15 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent
Q4) Compare and contrast the ideals of intensive mothering and involved fatherhood.
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Chapter 10: Divorce,Remarriage,and Blended Families
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Q1) Engaged couples who live together prior to marriage are ________ likely to divorce,compared to nonengaged couples who cohabit.
A) more
B) equally
C) less
D) much less
Q2) Father involvement generally:
A) improves children's happiness and well-being.
B) improves financial stability in the family.
C) increases children's risk of negative effects.
D) is important only for boys.
Q3) Couples who cohabit are characterized by:
A) more traditional family views.
B) lower acceptance of divorce.
C) more stable work lives.
D) more moves and relocations.
Q4) Differentiate between the refined divorce rate and the divorce-marriage ratio.
Q5) Summarize the outcome of women working on their likelihood to file for divorce.
Q6) Consider the outcome of living together before marriage for an engaged couple.
Q7) Summarize the positive and negative outcomes of divorce for partners.
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Chapter 11: Work and Families
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Q1) Although patterns that concern care work are developed within families,the institutional setting surrounding families is crucial as well.Describe at least two of the institutional factors mentioned in this chapter.
Q2) Employers are reluctant to embrace a reduction in work hours by shortening the workweek,increasing the number of part-time workers,or offering more time off from work because
A) workers are less dedicated to the company.
B) employees have a more difficult time communicating with each other.
C) work tasks are harder to allocate.
D) they have to train and provide benefits for more workers.
Q3) The three institutional arenas in which we feed and care for children include
A) the family, the market, and the state.
B) the church, the school, and the home.
C) the government, the mall, and the Internet.
D) the media, the nonprofits, and the banks.
Q4) Compare and contrast how single parents and married parents experience work-family conflict.What is one possible solution for work-family conflict proposed for each group?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Family Violence and Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lorena shot her husband after years of physical abuse at his hands.Her behavior is best classified as
A) mutual violent control
B) violent resistance
C) intimate terrorism
D) common couple violence
Q2) Consider the role of peer pressure in rape and sexual assault during college.
Q3) Discuss potential reasons why victims of intimate partner violence might be hesitant to press charges.
Q4) According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey,more women have been raped than A) are on the pill
B) have gone to the beach
C) have smoked cigarettes
D) have taken a college course
Q5) The effects of child abuse are often first noted
A) when the child becomes an abuser
B) in their behavior
C) by a teacher
D) as signs of PTSD
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Chapter 13: The Future of the Family
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Q1) The U.S.foster care system impacts _____________ children.
A) 1.4 million
B) 1.6 million
C) 1.8 million
D) 2 million
Q2) On average,people now marry in their
A) early 20s
B) late 20s
C) early 30s
D) mid-30s
Q3) According to the text,individuals must create a _____________ identity to interact with the economy.
A) citizen
B) worker and consumer
C) family member and relationship
D) sexual
Q4) List the types of families that now make up more than half the U.S.population.
Q5) Examine how a young adult moving in with his or her parents after graduating from college could be considered a middle- or upper-class privilege.
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