Social Science Inquiry Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Social Science Inquiry introduces students to the systematic methods and approaches used by social scientists to investigate, analyze, and understand human behavior and societal dynamics. The course covers key research techniques including qualitative and quantitative methodologies, data collection, and analysis while emphasizing critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the interpretation of evidence. Through case studies and practical projects, students gain foundational skills in designing research questions, evaluating sources, and applying social science frameworks to real-world issues across diverse cultures and contexts.
Recommended Textbook
You May Ask Yourself An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist Core 4th Edition by Dalton Conley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction
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Q1) Although positivism originated with Auguste Comte,the person who is often considered to be the first practitioner of positivism is:
A) Émile Durkheim.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Georg Simmel.
D) George Herbert Mead.
Answer: A
Q2) Who criticized Marx for focusing exclusively on economics and social class as explanations for human behavior and advocated sociological analyses that allowed for multiple influences?
A) Auguste Comte
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Georg Simmel
D) Max Weber
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Methods
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Q1) If Jose's study measures religiosity by the number of hours people spend in organized religious activities,while Deidra's study measures religiosity by whether people agree or disagree that religion plays an important part in their life,Jose and Deidra: A) will not be able to compare their research findings. B) operationalize their concepts of religion differently. C) have different hypotheses about the role of religion in their study. D) have very different independent and dependent variables.
Answer: B
Q2) A(n)____________ is an in-depth look at a specific phenomenon or situation in a particular social setting and is common in qualitative research.
A) experiment
B) case study
C) survey
D) participant observation
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Culture and Media
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Q1) Until Europeans came into contact with non-Westerners,they tended to see their culture as:
A) needing change.
B) fluid, based on the social class distinctions.
C) inferior to non-Western cultures.
D) the only way to live.
Answer: D
Q2) If you are a member of a subculture,like the goth subculture,you can be sure that the meaning of certain words and the behavior of the members:
A) can be different within the group.
B) will remain consistent across the group.
C) will differ greatly from the dominant culture.
D) will remain consistent for several years and then change across the groups.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following defines culture?
A) behavior
B) genetics
C) the natural environment
D) the weather
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Socialization and the Construction of Reality
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Q1) If we place nature and nurture at opposite ends on a continuum,most sociologists would fall toward the nurture end of the continuum.Which statement best explains this tendency?
A) Sociologists focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave.
B) Sociologists believe humans are born as blank slates and that the social environment trumps nature.
C) Sociologists believe that our genetic makeup really has very little to do with who we become in life.
D) Sociologists believe there is a complex relationship between heredity and the environment and that we need to give more weight to evolutionary processes.
Q2) According to Charles Horton Cooley,we develop a self-concept by:
A) inheriting genetic characteristics from our parents.
B) learning self-discipline.
C) interpreting our feelings about ourselves.
D) interpreting how others think about us.
Q3) Summarize what sociologists mean by the social construction of reality and give one example.
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6
Chapter 5: Groups and Networks
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Q1) Stigmatized groups,such as gays and lesbians in the United States,are known as:
A) primary groups.
B) secondary groups.
C) in-groups.
D) out-groups.
Q2) If the buying public can be seen as playing two producers off against each other and promoting their self-interest by gaining the lowest price,the buying public could be viewed as playing the role of:
A) the third that rejoices.
B) divide and conquer.
C) mediator.
D) monopoly.
Q3) If stepsiblings are asked to share bedrooms or other possessions,and one of them views such sharing as an intrusion,he or she may have difficulty overcoming the tendency to play the role of ____________ between his or her parent and the new stepmother or stepfather.
A) tertius gaudens
B) divide et impera
C) mediator
D) arbitrator
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Chapter 6: Social Control and Deviance
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Q1) When analyzing U.S.crime rates,your textbook author explains that the best indicator we have of crime is the:
A) drug use rate.
B) murder rate.
C) birthrate.
D) juvenile crime rate.
Q2) Bentham's term for circular buildings in which prisoners are watched by guards or others at all times is:
A) prisons.
B) jails.
C) panopticons.
D) total institutions.
Q3) Explain the basic argument of deterrence theory and distinguish between specific and general deterrence.
Q4) The act of abiding by society's norms is known as which of the following?
A) normative compliance
B) anomie
C) crime
D) division of labor
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Chapter 7: Stratification
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Q1) Which social stratification system was favored in feudal Europe and the American South before the Civil War?
A) estate system
B) class system
C) hierarchy system
D) elite-mass hierarchy
Q2) Pareto believed in a society in which status and mobility are based on individual attributes and ability,called:
A) meritocracy.
B) intelligence.
C) morals.
D) biology.
Q3) The upper class is composed primarily of CEOs,government officials,celebrities,and very successful professionals.What percentage of the population does this represent,according to the textbook?
A) 1 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 50 percent
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender
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Q1) Dr.John Money claimed that a genetic male could be raised successfully as a girl.The David Reimer story showed that Money's claims were:
A) wrong.
B) accurate if hormonal treatment was used.
C) biologically impossible.
D) helpful to David and his family.
Q2) According to the textbook,prison rape is usually about power,and a man who commits a homosexual act within prison:
A) generally takes on a homosexual identity to match his homosexual behaviors.
B) does not necessarily view himself as a homosexual.
C) is viewed by all the other prisoners as having a homosexual identity.
D) sees himself as powerless.
Q3) Because dichotomous thinking rules our lives,we spend a great deal of our time pointing out the differences in the ways men and women act.Using this line of reasoning,explain what Cynthia Fuchs Epstein means by deceptive distinctions,and give an example of why it might be deceptive.
Q4) Explain why John Gray's book Men Are from Mars,Women Are from Venus can be considered essentialist.How might a sociologist view the same phenomenon?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Race
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Q1) Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century,when they were transported from:
A) Africa as slaves.
B) South America as immigrants.
C) China as indentured servants.
D) the West Indies.
Q2) The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____________ than people commonly believe.
A) more random
B) more important
C) smaller
D) greater
Q3) Which group,led by Sir Francis Galton,believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out?
A) sociologists
B) geneticists
C) biologists
D) eugenicists
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Chapter 10: Poverty
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Q1) Explain the official poverty line of the United States,which was created by Mollie Orshansky.Is this a good way to measure poverty? Why or why not?
Q2) You are a policy maker interested in reducing behavioral problems among school-age children on Native American reservations.Based on results of a study of the Cherokee Nation,which of the following proposals will you make?
A) implement a program of alcohol and drug counseling among expectant mothers
B) legalize gambling, and allow the tribe to retain the profits
C) raise the minimum wage on the reservation
D) make the work requirements for receiving welfare more stringent
Q3) What was the problem with the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program?
A) There weren't enough houses for all the families.
B) It produced no improvement or changes.
C) Families brought destructive behaviors from the ghetto to the new neighborhood.
D) Participants were self-selected.
Q4) The parenting stress hypothesis is a paradigm that looks at the psychological aspects of poverty and its effects on children's life chances.Discuss this and apply it to Marlin's situation growing up in poverty.What might be some ways to avoid Marlin's problems?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Health and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fee-for-service means physicians are:
A) reimbursed per office visit or procedure by insurance agencies.
B) paid per the number of permanent patients that physician has.
C) paid only after a patient has been declared well.
D) reimbursed by the number of procedures they do in a year.
Q2) A professional who attempts to make a client happy at the expense of the esteem of his or her peers is known to sociologists as:
A) a professional.
B) ethical.
C) a quack.
D) a faker.
Q3) Physicians in ancient Rome tended to have lower prestige.This was because:
A) only lower-status people got ill.
B) most were men.
C) the surgeons evolved from barbers.
D) they were seen as evildoers by the nobility.
Q4) Define the diagnostic model of psychiatry.What publication (created by whom)is used to make diagnoses? How does the diagnostic model of psychiatry benefit pharmaceutical companies?
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Chapter 12: Family (in Core edition)
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Q1) Recent trends in marriages between people from different races or ethnic groups indicate a:
A) growing acceptance of exogamy.
B) growing acceptance of endogamy.
C) declining acceptance of exogamy.
D) declining acceptance of endogamy.
Q2) The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?
A) the pre-Depression era
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) the post-World War II economic boom
Q3) Give your opinion of one of the specific findings from Daniel Patrick Moynihan's (1965)study,The Negro Family: The Case for National Action.Support your opinion with direct links to at least two specific findings.
Q4) Approximately what percentage of U.S.marriages ends in divorce?
A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 75 percent
14
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Chapter 13: Education
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Q1) With regard to biological or genetic differences between people,sociologists have found that:
A) differences in IQ tests between minorities and nonminorities likely result from genetic differences between groups.
B) stigmatized minorities in all countries have lower IQ scores, lower educational attainment, and lower occupational status, indicating that these minorities are biologically less able to succeed.
C) stigmatized minorities in all countries have lower IQ scores, lower educational attainment, and lower occupational status, indicating that social processes of stratification and stigmatization affect the life chances of these groups.
D) differences in educational attainment between minorities and nonminorities are due to a combination of genetics and negative stereotyping.
Q2) What was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools?
A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Kozol v. Board of Education
C) Coleman v. Board of Education
D) STAR v. Board of Education
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Chapter 14: Capitalism and the Economy
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Q1) Adam Smith argues that money is inherently social because:
A) it requires an employment relationship between an employer and employee.
B) it requires complex social and governmental institutions to ensure that markets work properly.
C) any and all economic exchange requires two partners.
D) economic activity involves cooperation and even collusion among many participants.
Q2) What happened to many serfs as a result of the enclosure movement?
A) Their daily lives were more closely monitored.
B) They were evicted.
C) They had more land to use for grazing and planting.
D) They had to pay more rent.
Q3) An honorarium is similar to a:
A) wage; you get paid for what you produce.
B) gift for something you have agreed to do for someone, like giving a speech.
C) salary; you always know what you can expect in the form of money for your service.
D) scholarship; you are paid before you have performed your service.
Q4) Karl Marx felt that workers in a capitalist society were alienated in four ways.List these four ways and give examples of each.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Authority and the State
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people living within a state have certain rights as citizens of that nation,called ____________ rights.
A) public
B) private
C) citizenship
D) social
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an interest group?
A) a presidential campaign
B) a corporation lobbying to win a government contract
C) a book club
D) an individual needing social services
Q3) The theory of logic of industrialism states that ____________ cause(s)the needs provided for by social welfare systems.
A) liberal policies
B) industrialization
C) contributory programs
D) extravagant wages
Q4) Define the three theories-logic of industrialism,neo-Marxist theory,and state-centered approaches-that explain how and why the welfare state developed.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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Q1) Explain the concept supernatural compensators and provide a modern-day example of the phenomenon.
Q2) According to Weber,which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism?
A) Jainism
B) Protestant Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Judaism
Q3) With regard to gender and religion,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Women's groups exist in a third of all congregations; men's groups exist in about a quarter.
B) Women tend to be more religious than men.
C) Women's organizations in churches have maintained their numbers even as women have entered the workforce in greater numbers since the 1970s.
D) Traditional religious beliefs tend to be correlated with traditional gender roles.
Q4) Why have black churches played a stronger role in the secular lives of their congregations than white churches?
Q5) What is the sect-church cycle? How can this help us understand social change?
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Chapter 17: Science, the Environment, and Society
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Q1) One global warming prediction is that as ocean levels rise:
A) many more people will move away from the coast.
B) more people will move to the coast.
C) more people will leave the mountains.
D) more people will move to the suburbs.
Q2) Sometimes meat and poultry aren't labeled organic even though they come from free-range animals raised without growth hormones or antibiotics.This is because:
A) small farmers are moving into cities and leaving their organic farms behind.
B) the guidelines as to what is an organic farm have not yet been established by the government.
C) maintaining an organic farm with U.S. Department of Agriculture certification is expensive; many farmers can't comply because of this.
D) it is difficult to keep cattle and chickens fenced in; therefore, they could be contaminated by other animals.
Q3) What are organic foods? How do organic products influence social status both for the individual consumer and for the farms that produce them? What are some ways that large organic farms are NOT "green"?
Q4) What are the sociological effects of genetic information related to race?
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Collective Action, Social Movements, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) An accident occurs on a busy street,and a pedestrian immediately starts pulling people from cars and instructing others on what to do.This person would be an example of which collective action theory?
A) convergence
B) contagion
C) emergent norm
D) mass collective
Q2) What is a social movement? Describe the four types of social movements and give examples.
Q3) There have been several attempts at explaining the emergence and sustenance of social movements.The earliest model,the classical model,incorporates some psychological aspects.Give an example of a social movement and use the classical model in its emergence and sustenance.Discuss the criticisms associated with the classical model.
Q4) During the modern period,science competed with ____________ as the primary source for knowledge.
A) religion
B) theory
C) capitalism
D) philosophy
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