Social Influence and Persuasion Exam Practice Tests - 964 Verified Questions

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Social Influence and Persuasion Exam Practice Tests

Course Introduction

Social Influence and Persuasion explores the psychological principles underlying how individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by the presence and actions of others. The course examines theories and research on conformity, compliance, obedience, and attitude change, highlighting both subtle and overt techniques used to influence individuals and groups. Students will analyze real-world applications in areas such as advertising, politics, and social movements, and evaluate ethical considerations related to persuasive communication. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, participants will develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of social influence and strategies for effective and responsible persuasion.

Recommended Textbook

Exploring Social Psychology 6th Edition by David G. Myers

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Chapter 1: Doing Social Psychology

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to the text book,all of the following are true of most research participants in except

A) they are from democratic cultures.

B) they are from wealthy cultures.

C) they are randomly assigned from both western and eastern cultures.

D) they are from industrialized cultures.

Answer: C

Q2) Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates A) random sampling.

B) sampling bias.

C) random assignment.

D) representative sampling.

Answer: C

Q3) Two essential ingredients in a social-psychological experiment are A) deception and payment for participation.

B) the use of surveys and the use of deception.

C) framing and biases.

D) control and random assignment.

Answer: D

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Chapter 2: Did You Know It All Along

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Q1) When asked who you think will win the next presidential election,you reply that you do not know.However,after the election results are reported,you claim that it was obvious all along.This is an example of the

A) retrospective bias.

B) information bias.

C) prediction bias.

D) hindsight bias.

Answer: D

Q2) When evaluating intelligence errors after the 9/11 tragedy,hindsight bias makes us more likely to:

A) be positively impressed by the overall decision-making process.

B) blame authorities for making what now seem like bad choices.

C) forgive authorities for making understandable mistakes in crises.

D) confirm our existing decision-making strategies.

Answer: B

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Chapter 3: Self-Concept: Who Am I

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Q1) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow t-shirts.Those wearing the t-shirts

A) thought no one would notice them.

B) overestimated how many peers would notice them.

C) underestimated how many peers would notice them.

D) were correct about how many peers would notice them.

Answer: B

Q2) When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions,research indicates that most people

A) excel.

B) experience great difficulty.

C) perform moderately well.

D) either excel or fail, depending on the situation.

Answer: B

Q3) Self-esteem is more personal and less relational in what type of culture?

A) individualistic

B) collectivistic

C) self-centered

D) other-centered

Answer: A

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Chapter 4: Self-Serving Bias

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Sample Questions

Q1) Give an example of false consensus and an example of false uniqueness.Clearly label which is which.

Q2) Which of the following is LEAST representative of a self-serving bias?

A) "I won the election because my opponent didn't try very hard."

B) "I won the election because of my hard work on the campaign trail."

C) "I lost the election because of the political climate, which I couldn't do anything about."

D) "I won the election because of my knowledge and expertise."

Q3) Barbara was really shocked when her candidate was not elected.She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas.This is an example of the

A) false consensus effect.

B) self-serving bias.

C) unrealistic optimism.

D) defensive pessimism.

Q4) Discuss how the self-serving bias is both adaptive and maladaptive.

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Chapter 5: The Power of Positive Thinking

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Q1) ,teen gang leaders,extreme ethnocentrists and terrorists have A) high self-esteem.

B) low self-esteem.

C) high self-efficacy.

D) low self-efficacy.

Q2) A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's A) self-esteem.

B) self-aggrandizement.

C) self-worth.

D) self-efficacy.

Q3) Review the evidence that supports the "dark side of high self-esteem."

Q4) The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called A) depression.

B) low self-esteem.

C) learned hopelessness.

D) learned helplessness.

Q5) Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and self-esteem.

Q6) Compare and contrast the concepts of self-efficacy and locus of control.

Q7) Discuss the differences between internal and an external locus of control.

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Chapter 6: The Fundamental Attribution Error

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Q1) analysis of research on the actor-observer difference,we are more likely to attribute our behavior to the situation when

A) we act badly.

B) we fail.

C) we act intentionally.

D) we act admirably.

Q2) In _______ cultures,people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.

A) individualistic

B) collectivistic

C) religious

D) secular

Q3) We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we observe others from a different perspective than we observe ourselves.This is known as the

A) actor-observer difference.

B) camera perspective bias.

C) changing perspectives trend.

D) self-awareness phenomenon.

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Chapter 7: The Powers and Perils of Intuition

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Q1) Sharon typically watches televised news stations that support her existing political beliefs.She is less inclined to watch the news on other stations,as it may disprove her preconceptions.Sharon's approach illustrates the

A) confirmation bias.

B) misinformation effect.

C) base-rate fallacy.

D) I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.

Q2) found that those students who scored lowest on tests of grammar and logic were _______ to overestimating their grammar and logic skills.

A) least prone

B) most prone

C) sometimes prone

D) never prone

Q3) Thinking that is deliberate,reflective,and conscious is called A) controlled processing.

B) automatic processing.

C) external processing.

D) intentional processing.

Q4) Compare and contrast overconfidence and the confirmation bias.

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Chapter 8: Reasons for Unreason

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Q1) Assuming most crimes involve violence because the news generally reports on rapes,robberies and beatings is an example of the _______ heuristic.

A) availability

B) representativeness

C) vividness

D) matching

Q2) The statistical tendency for extreme scores or behaviors to return toward average is called

A) the regression heuristic.

B) regression toward the extreme.

C) regression toward the average.

D) reversion.

Q3) Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Q4) The cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory is called the _____ heuristic.

A) availability

B) representativeness

C) vividness

D) matching

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Chapter 9: Behavior and Belief

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Q1) Attitudes include all of the following EXCEPT

A) feelings.

B) behavioral tendencies or actions.

C) beliefs or thoughts.

D) aptitudes.

Q2) Which theory best explains why 40% of smokers in the U.S.judge smoking as not very harmful?

A) self-presentation

B) cognitive dissonance

C) insufficient justification

D) self-perception

Q3) If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such,this would be an example of how

A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined.

B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent.

C) moral attitudes feed moral actions.

D) moral actions feed moral attitudes.

Q4) Explain the attitudes-follow-behavior principle and give an example.

Q5) Compare and contrast cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories.

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Chapter 10: Clinical Intuition

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Q1) Chapman and Chapman had college students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses.They found that A) if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they perceived it, regardless of whether the data was supportive.

B) students and clinicians only saw relationships that were supported by the data. C) professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships. D) students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than 0.75.

Q2) ,clinicians who dealt with pseudo-patients who had faked symptoms to get into mental hospitals demonstrated the error of A) self-serving bias.

B) hindsight bias.

C) self-handicapping.

D) overjustification.

Q3) Define illusory correlation.Provide an example of it from your own life.

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Chapter 11: Clinical Therapy: The Powers of Social Cognition

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Q1) Vanessa is a mildly depressed college student.Considering the research findings presented in the text on depression,she probably

A) suffers from the better-than-average phenomenon.

B) assumes that her behavior is well-accepted by others.

C) demonstrates the sadder-but-wiser effect.

D) is below average in intelligence.

Q2) ,which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious cycle of depression?

A) self-focus

B) self-blame

C) depressed mood

D) defensive pessimism

Q3) In comparison to those in Western cultures,depressed people in Japan are more likely to report feeling

A) guilt and self-blame over personal failure.

B) shame over letting down their family or co-workers.

C) sad about social problems such as poverty and discrimination.

D) hopeless and helpless.

Q4) Identify and explain two social-psychological principles that may be applied to the treatment of psychological difficulties.

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Chapter 12: Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

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Q1) The enduring behaviors,ideas,attitudes and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

A) beliefs.

B) norms.

C) cultures.

D) values.

Q2) Zoe has lived in the United States all of her life,yet her Greek grandmother made sure that Zoe was fluent in the Greek language,so she would understand the Greek way of life.What has Zoe's grandmother passed on to her?

A) a belief

B) a norm

C) a culture

D) a value

Q3) The implications of evolutionary psychology suggest that human success is defined by

A) acquiring wealth.

B) maintaining health.

C) exceeding average life expectancy.

D) having grandchildren.

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Chapter 13: Gender, Genes, and Culture

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Q1) Both men and women desire _______ in their relationships.

A) youth

B) beauty

C) kindness and love

D) resources and protection

Q2) According to a 2003 Gallup poll,___% of American men and ___% of American women reported having cried as a result of the war in Iraq.

A) 10; 0

B) 0; 10

C) 12; 43

D) 43; 12

Q3) In psychology,the characteristics by which people define male and female,whether biologically or socially influenced,is referred to as

A) sex.

B) gender.

C) orientation.

D) culture.

Q4) Explain the hindsight criticism of evolutionary psychology.Provide an example of this type of thinking in evolutionary psychology.

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Chapter 14: How Nice People Get Corrupted

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Q1) In Milgram's research,when the experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person,full obedience

A) dropped to zero.

B) dropped to 21 percent.

C) dropped to 50 percent.

D) increased to 73 percent.

Q2) As an example of the liberating effects of group influence,___% of the participants in a variation of Milgram's study conformed to the confederate's behavior when the confederates defied the experimenter.

A) 90

B) 45

C) 20

D) 10

Q3) Discuss the ethics of Milgram's study.

Q4) The most famous and controversial experiments in social psychology were conducted by

A) Sherif.

B) Milgram.

C) Asch.

D) Watson.

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Chapter 15: Two Routes to Persuasion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Fear-arousing messages work best when they

A) do not suggest a solution.

B) try to prevent a bad outcome, such as cancer.

C) try to promote a good outcome, such as fitness.

D) are framed in a positive manner.

Q2) Sally is interested in purchasing a DVD player,and is overwhelmed by the many different models available at her local electronics store.She decides to consult a magazine devoted to reviewing the quality of home electronics.After reading a number of articles stating the pros and cons of each model,she decides on a DVD player.Sally has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the _______ route to persuasion.

A) peripheral

B) central

C) logical

D) image

Q3) when does resistance to attitude change peak?

A) In adolescence

B) In early adulthood

C) In midlife

D) In late adulthood

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Chapter 16: Indoctrination and Inoculation

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Q1) Persuasion can be resisted by

A) keeping one's own opinions private.

B) making a public commitment to one's own position.

C) attacking the opposite position.

D) being closed to all arguments.

Q2) A cult has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A) a distinctive ritual and beliefs that are related to its devotion to a god or a person.

B) the use of mind-altering drugs.

C) isolation from the surrounding "evil" culture.

D) a charismatic leader.

Q3) Explain attitude inoculation and how it affects persuasive appeals.

Q4) Cults like Jim Jones's People's Temple typically recruit and retain members by using A) the sleeper effect.

B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

C) the recency effect.

D) attitude inoculation.

Q5) Explain the principles and techniques you would use to become a cult leader.

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Chapter 17: The Mere Presence of Others

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Q1) Increased arousal enhances performance

A) only on easy tasks.

B) only on complex tasks.

C) on dominant responses.

D) on all responses.

Q2) On exam day,a student you do not know sits near you.This person is best described as a(n)

A) confederate.

B) co-actor.

C) ingroup member.

D) comrade.

Q3) Triplett conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel.The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children.Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it

A) the groupthink effect.

B) the social facilitation effect.

C) social loafing.

D) deindividuation.

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Chapter 18: Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

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Q1) At your factory job,output was measured at the end of every day by how much the team of workers you belonged to produced.Because of this evaluation procedure,your behavior was characterized by _______; now that a new manager has taken over and each individual worker's output is measured by a computer,your behavior is now characterized by _______.

A) deindividuation; groupthink

B) groupthink; deindividuation

C) social loafing; social facilitation

D) social facilitation; social loafing

Q2) _______ refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

A) Social facilitation

B) Social loafing

C) Deindividuation

D) Mere presence

Q3) Compare and contrast social loafing and social facilitation.

Q4) When is social loafing least likely and most likely to occur?

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Q1) A review of studies on deindividuation showed that physical anonymity makes one _______ to cues presented in a situation,whether negative or positive.

A) more responsive

B) less responsive

C) suddenly responsive

D) ambivalent

Q2) found that cultures with depersonalized warriors were

A) more likely to be victorious.

B) less likely to be victorious.

C) less likely to brutalize their victims.

D) more likely to brutalize their victims.

Q3) A loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension,which can occur in group situations,is called

A) groupthink.

B) social loafing.

C) group polarization.

D) deindividuation.

Q4) "Self-awareness is the opposite of deindividuation." Explain this statement.

Q5) In what situations is deinviduation most likely to occur?

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Chapter 20: How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

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Q1) Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group.This is an example of A) social facilitation.

B) groupthink.

C) minority influence.

D) group polarization.

Q2) Group polarization occurs when group discussion _______ group members' initial inclinations.

A) challenges

B) reverses

C) neutralizes

D) strengthens

Q3) ,it is human nature to want to evaluate our opinions by A) comparing ourselves with others.

B) designing everyday tests of validity.

C) engaging in frequent introspection.

D) actively studying the results of scientific research.

Q4) Describe the ways to prevent groupthink.

Q5) view of how groupthink symptoms contributed to the Iraq war.

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Chapter 21: Power to the Person

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Q1) The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is known as A) rebellion.

B) disobedience.

C) resistance.

D) reactance.

Q2) The high rate of underage drinking may be related to

A) social roles.

B) psychological reactance.

C) a drive for uniqueness.

D) informational influences.

Q3) Which of the following does NOT strengthen minority influence?

A) defections from the majority

B) self-confidence

C) consistency

D) open-mindedness

Q4) Explain transformational leadership.

Q5) Provide an example of how social control and personal control interact.

Q6) List and provide examples of each of the three determinants of minority influence.

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Chapter 22: The Reach of Prejudice

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Q1) An institutional practice that subordinates people of a given sex is called A) sexism.

B) prejudice.

C) discrimination.

D) a stereotype.

Q2) According to survey research conducted in the U.S.,racial prejudice toward African-Americans

A) is worse than ever today.

B) has decreased since the early 1940s.

C) has actually increased since the early 1980s.

D) decreased from 1940 to 1960, then increased until 1980, and has since stabilized.

Q3) Provide an example of hostile sexism and an example of benevolent sexism.

Q4) Since the Iraq war,Americans have developed negative views of A) Muslims.

B) Iraqis.

C) Democrats.

D) Jews.

Q5) Summarize the research on racial attitudes in the U.S.from the 1940s to current times.

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Chapter 23: The Roots of Prejudice

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Q1) When the cause of our frustration is intimidating or unknown,we often redirect our hostility.This phenomenon is known as

A) discrimination.

B) displaced aggression.

C) realistic group conflict.

D) institutional supports.

Q2) The just-world phenomenon can lead people to think that A) the winners of a lottery actually deserved their good fortune.

B) sick people are not responsible for their illness.

C) poor people deserve better.

D) rape victims acted in a provocative manner.

Q3) found that a Black in an otherwise White group,a man in an otherwise female group,or a woman in an otherwise male group seem

A) less prominent than the others in the group.

B) less influential.

C) to be uninvolved in the group.

D) more prominent and influential.

Q4) Explain how a belief in the just-world phenomena might affect social services for people in poverty.

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Chapter 24: The Nature and Nurture of Aggression

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Q1) Of the following,which is the best example of instrumental aggression?

A) An angry football player tackles a quarterback after he attempts a long pass.

B) A jealous wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both.

C) A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him.

D) A man smashes his TV set after he cannot get it to work.

Q2) Within U.S.subcultures,

A) cities and areas populated by southerners have much higher White homicide rates than those populated by northerners.

B) cities and areas populated by Midwesterners have much higher White homicide rates than those populated by southerners.

C) White southern men are less likely to own a gun.

D) White southern men are half as likely as rural Midwesterner White men to support wars.

Q3) According to the social learning theory,whether we act aggressively depends on

A) the aversive event.

B) the anticipated consequences.

C) the role of the parent.

D) bodily symptoms.

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Chapter 25: Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

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Q1) Viewing sexually violent movies _______ men to brutality and results in _______ for domestic violence victims.

A) sensitizes; less sympathy

B) sensitizes; more sympathy

C) desensitizes; less sympathy

D) desensitizes; more sympathy

Q2) Which fact is TRUE?

A) The presence of guns in the home does not affect levels of violence.

B) In the BoBo doll experiments by Bandura, watching the adult pound the doll on TV had the same effect as watching it live.

C) Violent video games do not have the same effect as violence on TV.

D) There is no relationship between the introduction of TV into a community and murder rates.

Q3) found that those who viewed pornography more frequently over a 30 day period were

A) more likely to physically assault their friends.

B) more likely to physically assault their romantic partners.

C) more aggressive toward another student in a lab experiment.

D) All of these.

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Chapter 26: Who Likes Whom

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Q1) Rosalinda,who is attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status,marries Jorge,who is also attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status.Their relationship is best understood as an example of A) the ingratiation effect.

B) complementarity.

C) the mere-exposure effect.

D) the matching phenomenon.

Q2) Ruth is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale),but Naomi is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale).Research suggests that if Ruth makes $35,000 a year on her job,Naomi will probably make _______ doing the same job.

A) slightly less money

B) the same amount

C) more money

D) significantly less money

Q3) An example of implicit egotism is our tendency to

A)like What we associate with ourselves.

B)make friends with people older than us.

C)prefer attractive people.

D)like what we associate with ourselves.

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Chapter 27: The Ups and Downs of Love

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Q1) Research on the two-factor theory of love supports which of the following conclusions?

A) "Absence makes the heart grow fonder."

B) "Arousal requires emotion."

C) "Birds of a feather flock together."

D) "Adrenaline makes the heart grow fonder."

Q2) ,growth-promoting listeners have all of the following qualities except

A) they are genuine in revealing their own feelings.

B) they are more interested in companionate than passionate relationships.

C) they are empathetic reflective listeners.

D) they are accepting of others' feelings.

Q3) According to the two-factor theory of emotion,being aroused by _______ should intensify passionate feelings.

A) pornography on video or in magazines

B) sight and smell

C) any source

D) exercise

Q4) Describe the characteristics of marriage that are most likely to last,and contrast those with predictors of marital dissolution.

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Chapter 28: Causes of Conflict

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Q1) Attempting to explain other's behavior dispositionally is a characteristic of

A) the Prisoner's Dilemma.

B) the Commons Dilemma.

C) both dilemmas.

D) neither dilemma.

Q2) Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma?

A) One party's wins necessarily equals the other party's losses.

B) Participants tend to commit the fundamental attribution error.

C) Participants' motives change in the course of the entrapment.

D) Both are non-zero-sum games.

Q3) In playing the laboratory version of the Prisoner's Dilemma,you would personally obtain the best payoff on any given trial if you _______ and the other person

A) confess; does not confess

B) confess; confesses

C) do not confess; confesses

D) do not confess; does not confess

Q4) Describe an example of a social dilemma that you have learned about in the news.

Q5) Compare and contrast the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons.

To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 30

Chapter 29: Blessed Are the Peacemakers

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33 Verified Questions

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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/55143

Sample Questions

Q1) After their town was ravaged by a disastrous tornado,two rival community groups set aside their differences and worked together on repairing the damage.This cooperation best illustrates the importance of A) mediation.

B) the GRIT strategy.

C) superordinate goals.

D) the jigsaw technique.

Q2) David and Julie fought over what to name their new puppy,until finally they went to their children for a decision.David and Julie relied on _______ to resolve their conflict.

A) mediation

B) bargaining

C) conciliation

D) arbitration

Q3) Disputing groups usually prefer to settle their differences

A) with arbitration.

B) without mediation.

C) without arbitration.

D) without bargaining.

Q4) Define and provide an example of each of the C's of peacemaking.

To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 31

Chapter 30: When Do People Help

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Sample Questions

Q1) Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter,Sharon weighs the costs (e.g.,getting up at dawn)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about herself)of doing so.This strategy can be predicted by the

A) empathy-altruism hypothesis

B) social-exchange theory.

C) social responsibility norm.

D) social comparison theory.

Q2) Review the research on the role of the number of bystanders in helping.Be sure to include a discussion of noticing,interpreting and assuming responsibility.

Q3) A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack.According to Darley and Latané,what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

A) You must recognize the event as life-threatening.

B) You must assume responsibility for helping.

C) You must notice the stranger.

D) You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help.

Q4) Define altruism and provide an example of it.

To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.

32

Chapter 31: Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

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47 Verified Questions

47 Flashcards

Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/55141

Sample Questions

Q1) According to the _______,feelings of success,failure,satisfaction,and dissatisfaction are relative to prior experiences.

A) relative attainment hypothesis

B) achievement motivation syndrome

C) social prestige principle

D) adaptation-level phenomenon

Q2) People with more money

A) perceive more control over their lives.

B) have a higher stress level.

C) are less happy in poor countries.

D) are more likely to reduce their consumption.

Q3) In the United States correlation between increased individual income and personal happiness is

A) surprisingly strong.

B) moderately strong.

C) about 0.30.

D) surprisingly weak.

Q4) Describe the effects of global warming.

Q5) Why does materialism fail to satisfy?

Q6) What does Myers say about whether or not rich people are happier?

To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 33

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Social Influence and Persuasion Exam Practice Tests - 964 Verified Questions by Quizplus - Issuu