Social and Political Thought in Western Europe Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the evolution of social and political thought in Western Europe, tracing key ideas, thinkers, and movements from the early modern period to the present. Students will examine the development of concepts such as authority, rights, justice, democracy, and revolution, and consider how historical contexts shaped debates over governance, citizenship, and social order. Through critical analysis of influential texts and authors including Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, and others participants will gain a deeper understanding of the intellectual foundations of contemporary Western political and social institutions.
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Western Civilization Ideas Politics and Society Volume II From 1600 11th Edition by Marvin Perry
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State
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Q1) Versailles
Answer: Versailles is a historic palace located in Versailles, France. It was built during the 17th century and served as the royal residence for French kings and queens, including Louis XIV. The palace is known for its opulent architecture, beautiful gardens, and its significance in French history. It is important because it symbolizes the absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime and the power of the French monarchy. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, also played a crucial role in ending World War I. Today, Versailles is a major tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage site, drawing millions of visitors each year to admire its grandeur and learn about its historical significance.
Q2) By the 1660s,France had
A) enjoyed a significant victory in the Thirty Years' War.
B) emerged as Europe's leading power.
C) weathered the Fronde.
D) achieved absolutism.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism
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Q1) Who argued that observation and anatomical dissection were the keys to knowing how the body works?
A) Galen
B) Paracelsus
C) Bacon
D) Vesalius
E) Hippocrates
Answer: D
Q2) Alchemical literature became an important source for
A) scholastic theology.
B) the theory of forms.
C) navigation.
D) military strategy.
E) the theory of atoms.
Answer: E
Q3) Central to the practice of modern science is the experimental method of investigation and testing scientific theories.Who were some of the pioneers of experimental method in the Scientific Revolution,and what were their achievements?
Answer: Answer not provided.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform
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Q1) Immanuel Kant insisted that A) individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority.
B) each individual should reason independently.
C) education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order.
D) there was no conflict between reason and faith.
E) a person should be enlightened by an"inner light."
Answer: B
Q2) Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant lived in A) Austria.
B) Russia.
C) France.
D) Prussia.
E) Italy.
Answer: D
Q3) Locate and label thehome country of the following: Bayle,Locke,Hume,Montesquieu,Rousseau,Voltaire,Diderot,Beccaria,and Kant.
Answer: I'm sorry, I can't assist with that.
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Chapter 4: The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) The Continental System may be best associated with
A) the attempt to destroy Britain's economy.
B) the placement of Napoleon's relatives on thrones.
C) conscription for the Grand Army.
D) control of inflation on the European continent.
E) enthusiastic support from Europe's businessmen.
Q2) The cahiers de doléances refer to
A) revolutionary pamphlets created mainly by philosophes.
B) lists of grievances prepared by the three orders of French society during the election to the Estates General.
C) problems of the bourgeoisie exclusively.
D) lists of potential revolutionaries detained indefinitely in the Bastille.
E) the preamble of the new French Constitution.
Q3) The less liberal side of the Code Napoléon included all of the following EXCEPT
A) denial of equal treatment to workers dealing with their employers.
B) retention of serfdom in some parts of France.
C) provisions giving the husband nearly absolute power over his wife.
D) provisions making divorce harder for women than for men.
E) denying children's rights.
Q4) Locate and label Corsica,Paris,Moscow,and Elba.
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Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation
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Q1) joint-stock company
Q2) The machine identified in the text as fostering slavery was the A) spinning jenny.
B) spinning mule.
C) cotton gin.
D) power loom.
E) McCormick reaper.
Q3) Factory work became much more oppressive than farm work mainly because A) the hours were longer.
B) the work was much more regulated and depended on the pace of the machine.
C) the physical environment was less healthy.
D) it paid less than most farm work.
E) it prohibited socialization.
Q4) mutual aid societies
Q5) Choose either the textile or the iron industry,and explain the nature of major developments influencing the Industrial Revolution in that field.
Q6) "relay system"
Q7) Luddites
Q8) enclosure Page 7
Q9) sabotage
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Locate and label the point of origin of the following ideas: idealism,industrial socialism,technocratic socialism,phalansteries.Alongside each concept,place the name of its originator.
Q2) According to the text,the roots of nineteenth-century liberalism included
A) rationalism and development of democracy in ancient Greece.
B) the Judeo-Christian tradition of individual dignity.
C) seventeenth-century English limited monarchy.
D) the French Enlightenment.
E) all of the above
Q3) The central principle in Jeremy Bentham's political philosophy was
A) God's teaching as set in Holy Scripture.
B) the pragmatic use of tradition.
C) the application of universal standards established by reason.
D) the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
E) majority rule.
Q4) What was German idealism? How was it connected to the other "isms" of the nineteenth century?
Q5) mechanism
Q6) New Harmony
Q7) utilitarianism Page 9
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Chapter 7: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848
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Q1) Who was the minister in Louis Philippe's government who declared "Get rich,then you can vote" when criticized about the narrow franchise?
A) Lamartine
B) Guizot
C) Ledru-Rollin
D) Michelet
E) Michelin
Q2) At mid-century,where did revolutionary discontent erupt even before the Parisians rebelledin the February Revolution?
A) Baden Baden
B) Sicily
C) Hungary
D) Piedmont
E) Papal States
Q3) Reform Bill of 1832
Q4) Comment on the dissatisfaction of the working class of Europe in 1848.Were the problems confined to specific areas?
Q5) democratic idealists
Q6) Five Glorious Days
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Chapter 8: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism and Social Criticism
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Q1) Writers and artists in the dominant realist movement modeled themselves on A) the great romantics.
B) scientists.
C) the writers and artists of classical Antiquity.
D) on scholastics and medieval artists.
E) common individuals and their simple, hard lives.
Q2) With regard to women in Western society during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
A) Enlightenment thinkers made women's equality possible though most philosophes were against it.
B) some prominent men did support equal rights for women.
C) there persisted a very strong sentiment that women by nature should be subordinated to men and that their profession was married life.
D) the movement for women's equality increasing developed a political element: the fight to grant women the vote.
E) all of the above
Q3) Explain Marxism and its popularity in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Q4) Index of Forbidden Books
Q5) Social Darwinism
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Chapter 9: The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism
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Q1) When Theodor Mommsen wrote,"They listen only to their own envy and hatred,to the meanest instincts," he was referring to
A) socialists.
B) the working class.
C) nationalists.
D) anti-Semites.
E) the clergy.
Q2) How did Bismarck unify Germany?
A) Bismarck provoked and won a war with Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein.
B) Bismarck provoked and won a war with Austria.
C) Bismarck created a federation of North German states.
D) Bismarck provoked and won a war with France.
E) all of the above
Q3) realpolitik
Q4) How and why did extreme nationalism offer ordinary Europeans a sense of certainty in a time of social turmoil and economic dislocation?
Q5) Zollverein
Q6) extreme nationalism
Page 13
Q7) Locate and label those territories given to Napoleon III: Savoy and Nice.
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Chapter 10: The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization
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Q1) Which of these is NOT an accomplishment of Russia post-1850?
A) construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
B) end of Serfdom
C) defeat of Japan in the Russo-Japanese War
D) growth of industrialization
E) the flowering of Russian literature and thought
Q2) After 1870,the working class changed because
A) artisans and skilled laborers continued to lose their semi-independent economic status.
B) peasants continued to be pushed off the land, becoming urban workers as a result.
C) men replaced women and children.
D) workers' purchasing power rose because prices for food and other items dropped.
E) all of the above
Q3) Locate and label at least five cities that had one lakh or more inhabitants between 1800 and 1900.
Q4) urbanization
Q5) "Russian soul"
Q6) suffrage
Page 14
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Chapter 11: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance
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Q1) What were the effects of the new imperialism in India? How did the new imperialism alter previously established relations between India and the West?
Q2) British rule in India brought all the following EXCEPT
A) a powerful state with a single system of law, administration, and language.
B) an English educated elite and an end to centuries of war and disorder.
C) modern railroad and communications systems.
D) improvement in public health, sanitation, water and flood control, and reliability of the food supply.
E) great economic benefits to the Indian masses.
Q3) What features of Western society facilitated European intrusion into other areas of the world? How did targeted societies respond to the threats posed by industrialized states?
Q4) During World WarI,the Ottoman Empire
A) rebuilt its empire in the Balkans.
B) joined Germany and its allies (the Central Powers).
C) remained neutral until the last days of the war.
D) joined the Allies.
E) underwent a major revolution.
Q5) extraterritoriality
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Chapter 12: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Compare and contrast Freud's ideas with the goals,values,and attitudes of the Enlightenment tradition.
Q2) Which artist's work,which includedThe Starry Night,expressed his tumultuous temperament?
A) Van Gogh
B) Picasso
C) Kandinsky
D) Mondrian
E) Matisse
Q3) Almost the moment it was created (by the introduction of universal manhood suffrage in many European states in the late nineteenth century),modern democracy came under attack from political theorists.What are some of the attacks described in this book? Which of them do you find convincing,and which do you not?
Q4) Nietzsche declared that
A) the world is absurd and godless.
B) life is filled with cruelty, injustice, uncertainty, and powerlessness.
C) the true forces of life are instinctual desires.
D) happiness comes from the attainment of power.
E) all of the above
Page 16
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Chapter 13: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Why did many Europeans see the coming of war in 1914 as a cause for celebration?
Q2) Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen was associated with which new technology employed to devastating effect in World War I?
A) poison gas
B) barbed wire
C) the machine gun
D) artillery
E) the airplane
Q3) Black Hand
Q4) Was Germany primarily responsible for the outbreak of World War I?
Q5) "sacred anger"
Q6) Comment on the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war.Explain why it waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q7) Paris Peace Conference
Q8) Triple Entente
Q9) Explain the end of the First World War and the peace that followed.
Q10) Verdun
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Q11) Why was the replacement of General Robert Nivelle by General Pétain particularly significant?
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Chapter 14: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) On its way to becoming a one-party state,interwar Austria
A) repeatedly demonstrated a lack of support for a union with Germany.
B) experienced continuous stress between the Viennese working class who were anticlerical and socialist, and peasants who were Catholic and antisocialist.
C) the middle class came to see themselves as partners with the Social Democrats.
D) was unable to introduce social reforms to assist the working class.
E) experienced an economic boom both in agriculture and industry.
Q2) Upon securing the Enabling Act,the Nazis
A) disbanded their greatest opponent, the Social Democratic party.
B) faced great resistance from the legislatures of the various German states.
C) placed the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (SA) into high political offices.
D) renegotiated collective bargaing agreements with labor unions to increase incentives for productivity.
E) shut down the civil service.
Q3) totalitarianism
Q4) Lateran Accords
Q5) Gestapo
Q6) What challenges and obstacles undermined the Weimar Republic?
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism
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Q1) Writer D.H.Lawrence was the son of
A) an aristocrat.
B) a liberal politician.
C) an illiterate coal miner.
D) a union organizer.
E) a disgraced general.
Q2) historicists
Q3) In Jean Paul Sartre's philosophy,a person is determined by
A) material forces such as the economy.
B) unconscious drives.
C) history.
D) the choices that person makes.
E) an interaction of genes, environments, and luck.
Q4) When Erich Fromm spoke of a "burden of freedom," he meant
A) the disintegration of all artistic rules.
B) the problems faced by political refugees.
C) feelings of doubt and aloneness in a world without purpose.
D) the responsibility of an individual to vote in states that had suffrage.
E) in a free society, each person is responsible for everyone's well-being.
Q5) surrealists
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Chapter 16: World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) Seeking security after World War I,France created a series of alliances in the 1920s with
A) Britainand its imperial territories.
B) the United States.
C) the new states of Eastern Europe.
D) Italy and Spain.
E) the Soviet Union.
Q2) Hopeful signs of improved international relations in the 1920s included all the following EXCEPT
A) smooth functioning of the new League of Nations.
B) the 1921-22 Washington Naval Conference, which produced a ten-year moratorium on new naval battleship or heavy cruisers.
C) the 1925 Locarno Pact in which Germany guaranteed not to violate the borders of any of its neighbors.
D) the admission of Germany into the League of Nations in 1926.
E) the renunciation of war by most powers in the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact.
Q3) Holocaust
Q4) Maginot Line
Q5) Manchukuo
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Chapter 17: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Between the 1950s and the 1980s
A) production in Western Europe and the United States was record-breaking.
B) a drastic increase in oil prices resulted in a setback in the postwar economic boom.
C) economic successes in the West have supported constitutional democracies.
D) unemployment remained high in the 1980s, despite economic growth.
E) all of the above
Q2) Describe the major points of development that led to the establishment of the European Community.
Q3) Stalin's death brought
A) the aborting of a campaign against Jews.
B) an outpouring of grief from many of the people.
C) a feeling of relief among his advisers.
D) a "thaw" that emptied Stalin's forced-labor camps.
E) all of the above
Q4) Choose two of the following countries and explain the nature of problems facing each of them in the postwar era: France,Great Britain,Italy,and West Germany.
Q5) "socialism with a human face"
Q6) Cold War
Page 22
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Chapter 18: The Troubled Present
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Q1) extreme poverty
Q2) What are some of anxieties felt in prosperous West European societies about the increasing power and reach of the European Union and about loss of identity in general?
Q3) Since 2009,Taliban militants have bombed more than 800 of which of the following,believing them to be a sign of the encroachment of Western ideals and decadence?
A) shopping malls
B) Christian churches
C) factories
D) girls' schools
E) grocery stores
Q4) All of these are true of Kosovo EXCEPT
A) the region possesses holy Orthodox shrines.
B) it is the site of a famous battle between Ottoman Turks and Serbs.
C) many Serbs consider it to be the birthplace of Serbian nationalism.
D) is predominantly Serbian ethnically.
E) NATO forces were sent there to prevent further ethnic strife.
Q5) "shock therapy"
Q6) Taliban
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