Secondary Education Methods Study
Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Secondary Education Methods explores the theories, strategies, and practical approaches for effective teaching in middle and high school classrooms. The course emphasizes curriculum development, instructional planning, assessment techniques, and classroom management tailored to adolescent learners. Students will examine diverse learning styles, differentiated instruction, and the integration of technology to enhance student engagement. Through observations, discussions, and micro-teaching experiences, participants will develop the skills and confidence necessary to create inclusive, supportive, and academically challenging learning environments for secondary students.
Recommended Textbook
Adolescence 16th Edition by John W Santrock
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13 Chapters
1560 Verified Questions
1560 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define the three major issues in studying adolescent development.
Answer: The three important issues raised in the study of adolescent development are nature and nurture,continuity and discontinuity,and early and later experiences.The nature-nurture issue involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture.Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance,nurture to its environmental experiences.The continuity-discontinuity issues focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual,cumulative changes (continuity)or distinct stages (discontinuity).The last issue focuses on the importance of earlier experiences in the child's life,and whether or not later experiences can make up for deficits or poor early experiences.Proponents of the earlyexperience doctrine believe that development will never be optimal if infants are not given warm,nurturing care in the first year of life.Proponents of the later-experience view argue that children and adolescents are malleable throughout development,and that they can compensate for less than optimum early experiences with quality later experiences.
Q2) List Jeffrey Arnett's five key features of emerging adulthood.
Answer: The five key features that characterize emerging adulthood are identity exploration,especially in love and work;instability;self-focus;feeling in-between;and the age of possibilities,a time when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Puberty, Health, and Biological Foundations
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The emerging view of the role of genetics and environment is that many complex behaviors likely have some
A)complex environment experiences.
B)genetic loading.
C)environment experiences of nature and biological encounters.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Answer: D
Q2) Recent research on body image in adolescence has found all of the following EXCEPT
A)adolescent boys become more satisfied with their bodies as they move through adolescence.
B)overall health is not affected by body image.
C)boys who rated their appearance more positively were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior.
D)lack of parental support is related to body image issues in adolescents.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: The Brain and Cognitive Development
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Bressler,an English literature teacher,wants to encourage his students' creativity.Which of the following activities will DISCOURAGE critical thinking?
A)brainstorming ideas as a group
B)ask the students questions with no single clear or correct answer
C)encouraging internal motivation
D)giving the students rewards for creative ideas
Answer: D
Q2) What did William Perry and Gisela Labouvie-Vief describe as changes in thinking that occur in early adulthood?
Answer: William Perry argued that as youth age into adulthood,they move away from absolutist thinking,as they become aware of the diverse opinions and multiple perspectives of others.Thus,the absolutist,dualistic thinking of adolescence gives way to the reflective,relativistic thinking of adulthood.Labouvie-Vief recently proposed that the increasing complexity of cultures has generated a greater need for more reflective,complex thinking that takes into account the changing nature of knowledge and challenges.She also emphasizes the considerable variations that characterize the thinking of emerging adults,with the highest level of thinking attained only by some.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Self, Identity, Emotion, and Personality
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How effective are family cohesiveness and family communication at increasing adolescent self-esteem?
A)quite effective;families that are close and have good communication tend to have adolescents with high self-esteem.
B)not very effective;adolescent don't like to spend too much time with their families.
C)effective in girls but not very effective in boys.
D)effective in boys but not very effective in girls.
Q2) Parker reacts negatively to many situations and is slow to accept new experiences.Parker could be classified as a(n)_____ child.
A)difficult
B)easy
C)unattached
D)slow-to-warm-up
Q3) Poor emotional regulation can lead to problems with A)eating disorders.
B)drug use.
C)delinquency.
D)All of these choices are correct.
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6
Chapter 5: Gender
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) William Pollack,author of Real Boys,argues that the "boy code" tells boys that they should
A)express anger but not positive emotions like love.
B)express positive emotions,but suppress anger and anxiety.
C)express all of their emotions in moderation.
D)show little,if any emotion,as they are growing up.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding television and gender is TRUE?
A)Men are portrayed as more powerful than women in many TV shows.
B)Female characters on music videos are shown as passive.
C)Women are overrepresented in prime-time commercials.
D)None of these choices are correct.
Q3) Social role theory contends that psychological gender differences are mainly due to
A)biological dispositions.
B)similar roles of males and females.
C)contrasting roles of males and females.
D)innate psychological dispositions.
Q4) What does research conclude are the cognitive differences exist between males and females?
Q5) Describe evolutionary views of the differences between males and females.
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Chapter 6: Sexuality
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and explain John Conger's four recommendations for reducing the high rate of adolescent pregnancy.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding genital herpes is NOT true?
A)It is spread by direct contact with the sores.
B)It is caused by bacteria.
C)It can be spread via contraceptive foam and creams.
D)It has no known cure.
Q3) Which of the following statements about AIDS is TRUE?
A)A higher percentage of adolescent AIDS cases than adult cases are acquired through IV drug use.
B)A special set of legal and ethical issues is involved in testing and informing partners and parents of adolescents.
C)Adolescents have less access to contraceptives and are less likely to use them than are adults.
D)A higher percentage of African-American and Latino AIDS cases occur in adolescence than in adults.
Q4) Describe why rape is so pervasive in American culture.List three characteristics of rapists.
Q5) Discuss the sexual initiation of African American,Asian American,and Latino
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Chapter 7: Moral Development, Values, and Religion
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of Erikson's three stages of moral development?
A)specific moral learning in childhood
B)ideological concerns in adolescence
C)ethical consolidation in adulthood
D)identity development in emerging adulthood
Q2) According to Freud,children develop the superego by
A)identifying with their opposite-sex parent.
B)identifying with their same-sex parent.
C)projecting their basic hostility onto their siblings.
D)internalizing their own anxiety.
Q3) In a cognitive moral education program,teachers act as A)directors.
B)instructors.
C)coaches.
D)facilitators.
Q4) Describe situations in which students are likely to cheat,and explain some of the strategies that can be implemented to decrease cheating behavior.
Q5) Describe Freud's psychoanalytical view of moral development.
Q6) Describe at least four positive outcomes of religion for adolescents.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Families
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship?
A)decreased idealistic thought
B)puberty
C)changes in schooling
D)violated expectations
Q2) Which of the following statements about the timing for beginning parenthood has been found to be TRUE?
A)Parents who delayed childbearing have less egalitarian relationships with their adolescents than parents who had children earlier in life.
B)Men who delayed having children until their early thirties were less involved in child care than those who became fathers earlier.
C)The number of adolescent pregnancies increased considerably in the 1970s and 1980s.
D)In the last two decades women have had children earlier than they did 50 years ago.
Q3) Define the term autonomy,and discuss gender and cultural differences that have been found in adolescents' autonomy.
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Chapter 9: Peers, Romantic Relationships, and Lifestyles
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe some situations in which adolescents would be particularly vulnerable to loneliness.
Q2) Girls' friendships in adolescence are more likely than boys' to focus on A)intimacy.
B)shared activities.
C)excitement.
D)ego support.
Q3) Purnima is an adolescent living in Iran.If her experience is typical of adolescent girls living in Arab countries,Purnima will
A)have limited opportunities for peer interactions.
B)attend a sex-segregated school.
C)be severely restricted or even prohibited from socializing with males.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q4) Researchers have found links between romantic relationships and A)academic success.
B)adolescent friendships.
C)quality of sibling relationships.
D)socioeconomic status.
Q5) Describe the link between dating and romantic relationships and adjustment in adolescence.
11
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Chapter 10: Schools
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List the main characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Discuss gender differences,trends in diagnosis,and treatment options.
Q2) Some experts in the area of adolescent giftedness believe that the inadequate education of gifted adolescents has been compounded by _____,which focuses on underperforming students at the expense of the gifted.
A)IDEA
B)No Child Left Behind
C)I Have a Dream program
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) ADHD is best treated with A)medication and behavior management.
B)behavior management without medication.
C)stimulant medications.
D)antidepressant medications.
Q4) New treatments for ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT
A)Biofeedback
B)Exercise
C)Neurofeedback
D)Horseback riding.
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Chapter 11: Achievement, Work, and Careers
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88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement?
A)behavioral approaches
B)humanistic approaches
C)psychoanalytical approaches
D)existential approaches
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding paid work and adolescents in other countries is TRUE?
A)In many countries,boys often spend more time in paid work than girls.
B)In many countries,girls often spend more time in unpaid work than boys.
C)U.S.adolescents are more likely to participate in paid labor than are European adolescents.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q3) Which of the following statements about anxiety is TRUE?
A)Anxiety is a specific,focused feeling of fear.
B)Many successful students have extremely high levels of anxiety.
C)Anxiety decreases across the school years.
D)Moderate levels of anxiety can be found in many successful students.
Q4) Discuss the important social contexts that influence career development in adolescence.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Culture
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the problems associated with prejudice and discrimination,the most likely outcome is
A)Mental health problems.
B)Delinquency
C)School-related problems
D)Over-reliance on parents and family
Q2) Margo sees her new classmate,Fotima,a recent immigrant from Haiti,put all of the extra bread,rolls,butter,and cookies into her backpack at lunchtime.Margo imagines that food may have been scarce for Fotima in Haiti,so she is "stockpiling" it now.Margo is demonstrating
A)sympathy.
B)perspective-taking.
C)analytical observation.
D)cultural competence.
Q3) Describe the major trends,as well as age and individual differences in the use of media by adolescents.
Q4) List and describe the four criteria that are used to determine socioeconomic status.
Q5) Compare and contrast individualism and collectivism as they relate to culture.
Q6) Describe how adolescents typically use the Internet.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Problems in Adolescence and Emerging
Adulthood
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding alcohol use among U.S.adolescents is NOT true?
A)Sizeable declines in adolescents' alcohol use have occurred in recent years.
B)Females engaged in more binge drinking than males.
C)Binge drinking has declined overall.
D)Drinking may increase slightly during the transition from high school to college as adolescents perceive that drinking is largely accepted,or even expected,by their peers.
Q2) Adolescent researcher Joy Dryfoos has identified three common components of successful programs for preventing or reducing adolescent problems: early identification and intervention,individualized attention,and
A)mandatory psychotherapy,either individual or family.
B)concurrent programs for parents and/or guardians.
C)community-wide,multiagency,collaborative programs.
D)the appointment of a case manager who will coordinate all of the needed services.
Q3) Discuss the risk factors for adolescent obesity.
Q4) Describe the physical and psychological problems associated with cigarette smoking.
Q5) Describe the antecedents of juvenile delinquency.
Page 15
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