Research Methods in Anthropology
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Anthropology introduces students to the core techniques and approaches used in anthropological research. The course covers both qualitative and quantitative methods, including participant observation, interviews, surveys, ethnography, and data analysis. Students learn how to formulate research questions, design fieldwork, navigate ethical considerations, and interpret findings within various cultural contexts. By engaging with real-world case studies and hands-on projects, students gain practical skills for conducting and evaluating anthropological research, preparing them for advanced study or professional work in the discipline.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 9th Edition by Howard Lune
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12 Chapters
180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The twenty-statement test is created to empirically measure the self-designation of an individual through defining categories of self-concepts.Breaking down a research concept into a definition and a way to measure it is referred to as A)anthropology.
B)participant interviewing.
C)operationalizing.
D)participant observing.
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher examines the naturally occurring language and meanings that people give to their life experiences with a focus on emotions,motivations,symbols,and empathy.What methodology is this researcher using?
A)Qualitative research
B)Triangulation
C)Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D)Iowa School symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) An operational definition is composed of two parts:
A)concrete meaning used in study and criteria to empirically measure concept.
B)problem statement and research questions.
C)cognitive reality and physical reality.
D)research and literature review.
Answer: A
Q2) Amanda,a graduate student in sociology,is studying gender and job prestige.She uses a sampling technique that requires every element of the entire population studied to be enumerated.Amanda is using
A)simple random sampling.
B)probability sampling.
C)purposive sampling.
D)snowball sampling.
Answer: A
Q3) Common tendencies that represent typical and expected forms of action are A)laws.
B)patterns.
C)concepts.
D)propositions. Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Lucero moves into an apartment in a low-income neighborhood in Washington,D.C.He is interested in studying coping strategies of the working poor.He remains immersed in the neighborhood for a long period of time,watching and recording the activities of the residents without engaging in them.This situation is an example of
A)complete participant.
B)participant as observer.
C)observer as participant.
D)complete observer.
Answer: D
Q2) A researcher makes his or her intentions to study a group known,and then engages fully in the group's activities.This carries the risk of limiting rapport with original members of the group and "going native," or losing researcher objectivity through identification with the meanings of the group.What research role is the researcher taking on?
A)Complete participant
B)Participant as observer
C)Observer as participant
D)Complete observer
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Q1) The care that an interviewer takes to prepare actions,lines,roles,and routines in advance of the interview to put forth a specific planned appearance to the person is called
A)researcher reactivity.
B)self-conscious performance.
C)social interpretations.
D)full-channel communication.
Q2) Dr.Gray asks a very long question that makes her interviewee unable to respond to the question in its entirety easily and simply.This question is a(n)
A)double-barreled question.
B)overly complex question.
C)affectively worded question.
D)overly simplified question.
Q3) When interviewers use what they have heard to block their actions and control the interview process,they are performing the role of
A)interviewer as interviewer.
B)interviewer as actor.
C)interviewer as director.
D)interviewer as choreographer.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Q1) Dr.Quinlan is conducting a focus group among 5 kindergartners.Which technique should she use?
A)Role playing
B)Intentional probes
C)Open-ended questions
D)Multiple choice questions
Q2) The information collected during the course of a focus group is ______________.
A)a collective brainstorm
B)raw data
C)a synergistic group effect
D)group think
Q3) What technique can be used to unite spatially and temporally separate participants in a text-based group discussion via email?
A)Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
B)Virtual Focus Groups
C)Web-Based In-Depth Interviewing
D)Email-Based In-Depth Interviewing
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Brady is conducting an ethnography on people who frequent a local pub.She drinks heavily to gain greater acceptance among the group.She understands her alcohol consumption could trigger conflict,violence,or hostility from others in the pub.This situation is an example of
A)situational risk.
B)ethnographic danger.
C)ambient risk.
D)unnecessary risk.
Q2) When should field notes be recorded?
A)Before an encounter with a subject
B)During an excursion into the field
C)During a chance meeting with a research subject
D)Immediately following any contact with subjects
Q3) What does disengagement depend upon?
A)Level of engagement
B)Researcher interest
C)Institutional demands
D)Peer pressure
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Chapter 7: Participatory Action Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed and motivated for change in which people with a variety of similar interests or agendas meet to discuss particular issues is called
A)focus groups.
B)in-group forums.
C)informal meetings.
D)agency.
Q2) Dr.Lindstrom is conducting an analysis of collected data on leadership structures in a school district.Which question(s)will she ask to focus in on specific actors,events,and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
A)What and how
B)Why
C)Who,where,when
D)Whether
Q3) Why does participant action research sometimes fail?
A)The participants are all trained researchers who argue.
B)The causes investigated are often unimportant.
C)The recommendations from the research are sometimes ignored.
D)The issues rarely have conflicting perspectives.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) Dr.Parker is examining which books in a library are the most popular.She is looking at which books show the most wear and tear.This situation is an example of which measure?
A)Official documentary records
B)Accretion
C)Physical erosion
D)Archival strategies
Q2) Dr.Luiz is working on an ethnography.Which type of official documentary record is most likely to use today?
A)Videotaped records
B)Voting records
C)Police blotters
D)Newsletters
Q3) The private archival material that is geared for a dual audience,and must involve a consideration of the social roles and personal relationships of both the writer and the reader,is the
A)letter.
B)diary.
C)autobiography.
D)blog.
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) Which term indicates the retelling of comfortable past pleasantries,events,or situations,and lacks research rigor?
A)Nostalgia
B)Historical research
C)Historiography
D)History
Q2) Brynn witnesses a wildfire starting near her home.She draws a picture of the wildfire.This is an example of which type of source?
A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary
Q3) A Web site run by a nonprofit company that seeks to identify and archive billions of Web pages to help researchers seek historical information on a variety of topics and areas is called
A)Internet Archive.
B)Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer's Project.
C)What Did You Do in the War,Grandma?
D)Hogan Jazz Archive.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a key difference between case studies and typical research interviewing?
A)Case studies gather interviews from multiple sources connected to the key subject,while typical research interviewing focuses on a general topic and interchangeable subjects.
B)Case studies enact a complex set of interviewer roles to set the subject at ease,while typical research interviewing enacts a singular interview role.
C)Case studies maintain strict interviewer/informant anonymity,while typical research interviews do not guarantee anonymity.
D)Case studies hold interviews in small groups of participants,while typical research interviews hold interviews only one-on-one.
Q2) When do case studies often take place?
A)Prior to a staged event to observe planning dynamics
B)During a naturally occurring social event
C)During a staged event planned by researchers
D)After the event occurs
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12
Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) Which type of coding has the goal of developing concepts?
A)Open coding
B)Coding by topic
C)Descriptive coding
D)Analytic coding
Q2) Dr.Grisham is conducting a content analysis on the classic Hardy Boys books.He is looking at the entire series and its messages to young people.This situation is an example of which unit of analysis?
A)Semantics
B)Characters
C)Concepts
D)Items
Q3) Which content analysis technique involves beginning with existing words and phrases from the raw data,and then extending the exploration to understand latent meanings and themes apparent in the data?
A)Directed content analysis
B)Summative content analysis
C)Conventional content analysis
D)Narrative content analysis
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Writing Research: Finding Meaning in Data
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Q1) Which writing pitfall typically involves several fragments spliced together into several confusing lines that may force the writer to use passive voice?
A)Lazy word beginnings
B)Similar word confusions
C)Vague referrals
D)Long run-on sentences
Q2) Which section of a research paper interprets what the data mean in the context of the study and offers projections for what this research might mean beyond the context of the study?
A)Methodology
B)References,notes,and/or appendices
C)Discussion and/or conclusions
D)Findings or results
Q3) Which writing pitfall limits your comments to very current observations and documentation,or obsolete past periods?
A)Date stamping
B)Passive voice
C)Vague referrals
D)Long run-on sentences
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