Radiological Physics
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Radiological Physics focuses on the fundamental principles of radiation and its interaction with matter, particularly in the context of medical imaging and radiation therapy. The course covers topics such as the nature and properties of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, radioactive decay, production of X-rays, radiation measurement and detection, and dosimetry. It also explores the biological effects of radiation, radiation protection standards, and the safe use of radiological equipment in clinical settings. Students gain a comprehensive understanding of the physical basis underlying various radiological techniques and their applications in diagnosing and treating diseases.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Statkiewicz Sherer
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15 Chapters
366 Verified Questions
366 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
A)U.S.Food and Drug Administration
B)Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.
C)American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
D)The Joint Commission
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
A)ALARA
B)BERT
C)ORP
D)NEXT
Answer: B
Q3) The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA)is synonymous with the term
A)background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
B)equivalent dose (EqD).
C)diagnostic efficacy.
D)optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a result of technologic advances since the 1970s and strict regulations imposed within the United States by the FDA regarding consumer products containing radioactive material,the radiation exposure of the general public from such produces may now be considered
A)substantial.
B)moderate.
C)very slight.
D)negligible.
Answer: D
Q2) What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers?
A)1 year
B)5 years
C)7 years
D)15 years or more
Answer: D
Q3) Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below,which source remains fairly constant from year to year?
A)Manmade
B)Natural Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although coherent scattering is most likely to occur ____________,some of this unmodified scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range and may result in small amounts of radiographic fog.
A)at less than 10 keV
B)between 30 keV and 60 keV
C)between 60 keV and 90 keV
D)above 100 keV
Answer: A
Q2) The symbol Z indicates
A)atomic number of an atom.
B)atomic weight of an atom.
C)fluorescent yield.
D)the number of vacancies in an atomic shell.
Answer: A
Q3) Compton scattering is synonymous with
A)coherent scattering.
B)incoherent scattering.
C)photoelectric absorption.
D)photodisintegration.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) In therapeutic radiology what SI units are now routinely used to specify absorbed dose?
A)Coulomb per kilogram and roentgen
B)Air kerma and microgray
C)Gray and centigray
D)Sievert and millisievert
Q2) What do radiation weighting factors take into consideration?
1)The overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation
2)Both the internal and external dose measurements
3)The fact that some types of radiation are more efficient at causing biologic damage than other types of radiation for a given dose.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) Beta particles are actually
A)gamma rays.
B)high-speed electrons.
C)protons.
D)x-rays.
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following instruments generally has a check source of a weak,long-lived radioisotope located on one side of its external surface to verify its constancy daily?
A)Pocket dosimeter
B)Proportional counter
C)Geiger-Muller survey meter
D)Ionization chamber-type survey meter
Q2) Medical physicists use ionization chambers connected to electrometers to perform the annual standard measurements required by state,federal,and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices.These annual measurements include
1)x-ray output in Gy or mGy.
2)fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min.
3)kVp setting accuracy.
4)exposure time exactness.
5)half-value layers,or beam quality
A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which of the following subphases of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle?
A)Anaphase
B)Metaphase
C)Prophase
D)Telophase
Q2) Inorganic materials are compounds that
A)contain only very small amounts of carbon.
B)contain moderate amounts of carbon.
C)contain large amounts of carbon.
D)do not contain carbon.
Q3) How many different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis in humans?
A)7
B)15
C)22
D)39
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Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following humans is most radiosensitive?
A)A mature adult
B)An embryo-fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy
C)A fetus during the third trimester of gestation
D)A 5-year-old child
Q2) A periodic blood count is not recommended as a method for monitoring occupational radiation exposure because
1)biologic damage from ionizing radiation cannot be determined from a blood test.
2)biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in the blood count.
3)a traditional blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate exposures of less than 10 cGy.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)2 and 3 only
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Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on factors such as 1)radiosensitivity.
2)reproductive characteristics.
3)growth rate.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) What determines the rate of production of chromosome aberrations?
1)The total radiation dose given to a somatic cell
2)The total radiation given to a genetic cell
3)The period of time in which radiation dose was delivered
A)1,and 2 only
B)1,and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the Chernobyl disaster in 1986,an attempt was made to prevent thyroid cancer in Poland and some other countries,resulting from the accidental overdose of iodine-131._______________ was administered to children as a substitute to block the gland's uptake of iodine-131.
A)Potassium bromide
B)Sodium chloride
C)Sodium bicarbonate
D)Potassium iodide
Q2) Which of the following are sources of low-level radiation exposure?
1)X-rays and radioactive materials used for diagnostic purposes.
2)Employment-related exposure in medicine and industry.
3)Natural background radiation.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effective dose (EfD)limit for the lens of the eye is
A)5 mSv.
B)15 mSv.
C)50 mSv.
D)150 mSv.
Q2) To provide a low-exposure cut-off level so that regulatory agencies may consider a level of effective dose as being of negligible risk,an annual negligible individual dose (NID)of ________________ per source or practice has been set.
A)0.001 mSv/year
B)0.01 mSv/year
C)0.1 mSv/year
D)1.0 mSv/year
Q3) Which of the following terms involves a random effect of ionizing radiation?
A)Early tissue reactions
B)Change in white blood cell count
C)Reddening of the skin
D)Stochastic event
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luminance is determined by measuring the concentration of light
A)at only one particular point on the field of view.
B)over a particular field of view.
C)at only one particular point on the field of view and then squaring the number.
D)over a particular field of view and then squaring the number.
Q2) In standard image intensification fluoroscopy,an x-ray beam half-value-layer (HVL)of 3 to 4.5 mm aluminum is considered acceptable when kVp ranges from
A)50 to 60.
B)60 to 70.
C)70 to 80.
D)80 to 100.
Q3) Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?
A)Cone
B)Collimator
C)Filter
D)Extension cylinder
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Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the U.S.Public Health Service,the genetically significant dose (GSD)for the population of the United States is approximately
A)1.00 mSv.
B)0.80 mSv.
C)0.40 mSv.
D)0.20 mSv.
Q2) Which of the following are considered to be benefits of an aggressive repeat analysis program?
1)Increased awareness among staff and student radiographers of the need to produce optimal quality recorded images from the start.
2)Radiographers become more careful in producing radiographic images because they are aware that images are being reviewed.3.When the repeat analysis program identifies problems or concerns,in-service education programs covering these specific topics may be designed for imaging personnel.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Q1) With higher radiation exposure to the patient during a computed tomography examination,there is
A)a decreased associated cancer risk because the radiation is more penetrating.
B)an increased associated cancer risk.
C)a negligible associated cancer risk because the radiation is less penetrating.
D)an extremely large cancer risk.
Q2) In CT when a series of adjacent slices is obtained,some radiation will also scatter from the slice being made into the adjacent slices.What is this radiation called?
A)Forward scatter
B)Backscatter
C)Interslice scatter
D)Side scatter
Q3) In the early 2000s various publications calculated individual and population risks of cancer from CT based upon risk estimates from studies of which of the following groups of people?
A)Atomic bomb survivors
B)Early radiologists and radiographers
C)Patients undergoing treatment for thyroid cancer
D)The general public who were exposed to natural background radiation
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ is essentially the radiation output weighted time that the unit is actually delivering radiation during the week.
A)Control designation
B)Occupancy
C)Use factor
D)Workload
Q2) For primary radiation,what is the term that represents a portion of beam-on time that the x-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week?
A)Occupancy factor
B)Workload factor
C)Distance factor
D)Use factor
Q3) To ensure that the lifetime risk of occupationally exposed persons remains acceptable,an additional recommendation is that the lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed
A)the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
B)5 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
C)10 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
D)20 times the occupationally exposed person's age in years.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) The National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health maintain a website that contains a wealth of information on dealing with radiation emergencies.It contains which of the following?
1)Both basic and advanced methods for decontamination
2)Methods to reduce exposure
3)Specific medical emergency procedures for various situations
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Each Fluorine-18 (¹ F)nuclear transformation by positron decay yields two highly penetrating _________ photons.
A)250-keV
B)472-keV
C)511-kev
D)777-keV
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