Radiologic Physics
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Radiologic Physics focuses on the fundamental principles of physics as they apply to the production, detection, and interpretation of medical images using ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The course covers topics such as the structure of matter, the nature and properties of X-rays and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, radiation interactions with tissue, instrumentation for imaging and radiation measurement, radiation safety, and quality assurance in radiology. Emphasis is placed on understanding how physical concepts are integral to imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound, as well as the biological effects of radiation and strategies for radiation protection in clinical environments.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which digital radiography modality requires a great deal of special technical considerations in order to detect breast cancer?
A) digital mammography
B) digital fluoroscopy
C) conventional fluoroscopy
D) film-screen mammography
Answer: D
Q2) An important element of image and data communications is that of ____________________.
Answer: image compression
Q3) In order to change a(n)____ (optical range and contrast), an additional set of exposure technique factors must be used, thus increasing the dose to the patient from repeated exposures.
A) display medium
B) film screen
C) spatial resolution
D) image display
Answer: D
Q4) Film-based imaging is limited in its ____________________.
Answer: contrast resolution
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where do MRIs acquire data from the patient?
A) spatial frequency domain
B) horizontal location domain
C) horizontal frequency domain
D) spatial location domain
Answer: A
Q2) In digital radiography, which of the following is a numerical representation of the patient?
A) analog image
B) analog-to-digital converter
C) photomultiplier
D) digital image
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is now a routine activity in digital medical imaging, and also an essential tool in the PACS environment?
A) image pre-processing
B) global processing
C) image post-processing
D) low-pass filtering
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some IPs have a(n)____________________ for easy identification.
Answer: barcode
Q2) In general, the greater the bit ____________________, the better the density resolution of the image.
Answer: depth
Q3) Which of the following deals with the technical aspects (rather than the administrative aspects)of equipment performance?
A) CQI
B) QA
C) QC
D) AT
Answer: C
Q4) Which of the following refers to the use of several digital operations for pre-processing and post-processing of the CR image data?
A) image acquisition
B) image plate scanning
C) image processing
D) image display
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) When performing a mobile chest scan, how is the cassette normally oriented?
A) lengthwise
B) crosswise
C) non grid
D) off-level
Q2) The CR cassettes, or imaging plates (IP), are employed in the same manner as screen/film cassettes in existing radiographic units designed to accommodate software.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Currently, each major vendor uses a unique ____________________ indicator whose values indicate the exposure delivered to the plate.
Q4) With screen/film imaging, the ____________________ of the effect of technical factors is normally based on the image appearance rather that on the physics behind the appearance.
Q5) Overexposure implies dark images and underexposure implies light images. A)True
B)False
Q6) The lack of ____________________ generates more scatter that reduces the contrast.
6
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) A higher MTF value at a higher spatial frequency means that the detector provides better spatial resolution than lower MTF values at low frequencies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following addresses the appearance of the image displayed on a monitor for viewing and interpretation by a radiologist?
A) presentation operations
B) pre-processing operations
C) DICOM operations
D) post-processing operations
Q3) With indirect flat-panel TFT digital detectors, what is used to first convert X-ray photons into light photons?
A) scintillator layer
B) k-edge characteristic
C) electrical charge
D) photoconductor
Q4) The charge from each pixel in a row is transferred to the next row and subsequently down all the columns to the final ____________________ row.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do conventional fluoroscopy imaging units use to ensure efficient production of X-rays?
A) image intensifier tube
B) X-ray tube
C) charge-couple device
D) high frequency generator
Q2) A pre-contrast image, referred to as a(n)____________________ image, is first obtained and post-contrast images are then digitally subtracted from the mask image.
Q3) _________________ of the image in conventional fluoroscopy is an important feature of the image intensifier.
Q4) Since the input screen is convex with respect to the X-ray tube, the spatial resolution is much better at the center of the input screen compared to ____.
A) the screen's magnitude
B) the screen's intensification
C) the screen's contrast
D) the screen's periphery
Q5) ____________________ subtraction involves the digital subtraction of images in time.
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) The overall diagnostic accuracy of digital and film mammography as a means of screening for breast cancer is similar, but ____________________ mammography is more accurate in women under the age of 50 years, women with radiographically dense breasts, and premenopausal or perimenopausal women.
Q2) Which of the following algorithms enhances the sharpness of the borders of mass lesions, but may make even an indistinct mass appear more circumscribed?
A) peripheral equalization
B) Trex processing
C) unsharp masking
D) manual intensity windowing
Q3) ____ is defined as radiography of the breast; it is a prime example of soft tissue radiography, since the breast is composed of soft tissues such as adipose (fat), fibrous, and glandular tissue.
A) Chemical imaging
B) Sonography
C) Breast imaging
D) Mammography
Q4) The ____________________ is central to a DM imaging system.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) Current ____________________ technologies for PACS include solid-state memory, magnetic data carriers (disk and tapes), and optical disks.
Q2) The PACS is concerned primarily with image data, and the RIS deals with textual data such as patient demographics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A(n)____ is a computer-based information system used to gather not only medical information about a patient but also all activities related to the hospital's administration, such as billing, accounting, statistics, personnel, budgets, and materials management, to mention only a few.
A) PACS
B) RIS
C) HIS
D) voice-recognition system
Q4) A display and ____________________ workstation used in a PACS environment is a computer workstation consisting of hardware and software to facilitate the display of digital images for diagnostic interpretation and for review purposes.
Q5) PACS workstations and their use is that of workstation ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The results of computer processing can be displayed on monitors for viewing by a human observer.What is this called?
A) storage
B) input
C) processing
D) output
Q2) The term ____________________ is a relatively new term and was derived from the term information.
Q3) ____ is also known as the registration of patients.
A) Order entry
B) Scheduling
C) Report generation
D) Billing preparation
Q4) A(n)____________________ is an electronic machine for solving problems through the use of a number of characteristic elements.
Q5) The vast array of security risks provides a significant rationale for ____________________ methods.
Q6) A(n)____________________ allows several devices to be connected together to utilize data and information.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) If the operator interface to the machine is extremely complex, ____________________ errors will increase exponentially.
Q2) ____ is reduced by the range of radiation levels that are produced by the range of tissue densities and thicknesses of the anatomy included in the radiographic projection.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure factor creep
D) Exposure latitude
Q3) The clinical ____________________ is responsible for equipment life cycle management and is therefore intimately involved in calibrations and service.
Q4) ____ includes all those activities undertaken to get an indication of how well the imaging operation is working.
A) QA
B) AT
C) IT
D) QC
Q5) At extremely high contrast, any DR image will appear ____________________.
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