Radiation Protection in Medical Imaging Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course covers the principles and practices of radiation protection as they apply to medical imaging. Students will gain an understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation, regulatory requirements, and dose limits for patients and healthcare personnel. The curriculum includes risk assessment, methods for minimizing exposure, and the safe operation of imaging equipment in modalities such as X-ray, CT, and nuclear medicine. Emphasis is placed on the application of the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, the use of protective barriers and personal shielding, patient communication, and the implementation of quality assurance protocols to ensure safety and compliance with international standards.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Statkiewicz Sherer
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15 Chapters
366 Verified Questions
366 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1)Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2)Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3)Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: A
Q2) The millisievert (mSv)is equal to
A)1/10 of a sievert.
B)1/100 of a sievert.
C)1/1000 of a sievert.
D)1/10,000 of a sievert.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first decay product of radium is A)cesium.
B)radon.
C)strontium.
D)x-ray.
Answer: B
Q2) Electromagnetic radiation travels or propagates through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy called a photon.This dual nature is referred to as
A)wave attenuation capability.
B)wave-particle interchange ability.
C)wave-particle duality.
D)wave-particle phenomena.
Answer: C
Q3) A flight on a typical commercial airliner results in an equivalent dose rate of
A)0.001 to 0.005 mSv/hr.
B)0.005 to 0.01 mSv/hr.
C)0.02 to 0.04 mSv/hr.
D)0.05 to 0.09 mSv/hr.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit,the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy
A)less than the energy that holds the atom together.
B)10 times as great as the energy that holds the atom together.
C)as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
D)equal to or greater than 1.022 MeV,regardless of the energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
Answer: C
Q2) Since the density of air is approximately _________________ than that of soft tissue,a given volume of air will interact with far fewer x-ray photons than adjacent regions of soft tissue,thereby permitting more radiation to reach the image receptor.
A)1000 times smaller
B)1000 times larger
C)100 times smaller
D)100 times lager
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) What theory relates the ionization produced in a small cavity within an irradiated medium or object to the energy absorbed in that medium as a result of its radiation exposure?
A)Air kerma
B)Bragg-Gray
C)Committed dose
D)Tissue kerma
Q2) Which of the following units of measure are not SI units?
1)Roentgens
2)Coulombs per kilogram,grays,sieverts
3)Rads and rems
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1 and 3 only
Q3) Cataract formation,fibrosis,reduced fertility and sterility are classified as
A)early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
B)late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
C)hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
D)stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) Medical physicists use ionization chambers connected to electrometers to perform the annual standard measurements required by state,federal,and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices.These annual measurements include
1)x-ray output in Gy or mGy.
2)fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min.
3)kVp setting accuracy.
4)exposure time exactness.
5)half-value layers,or beam quality
A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 5 only
D)1,2,3,4,and 5
Q2) Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?
A)Digital ionization dosimeter
B)Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
C)Pocket ionization chamber
D)Thermoluminescent dosimeter
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the human body mineral salts are necessary for 1)proper cell function.
2)creation of energy.
3)conduction of impulses along nerves.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Cytosine bonds only with A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)nitrogen.
D)thymine.
Q3) Which of the following cause an increase in cellular activity that in turn causes biochemical reactions to occur more rapidly to meet the needs of the cell in stressful situations?
A)Acetic acids
B)Enzymes
C)Hormones
D)Nucleic acids
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Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A biologic reaction is produced by 4 Gyt of a test radiation.It takes 16 Gyt of 250-kVp x-rays to produce the same biologic reaction.What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)of the test radiation?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)12
Q2) A periodic blood count is not recommended as a method for monitoring occupational radiation exposure because
1)biologic damage from ionizing radiation cannot be determined from a blood test. 2)biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in the blood count.
3)a traditional blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate exposures of less than 10 cGy.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)2 and 3 only
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?
A)Carcinogenic syndrome
B)Hematopoietic syndrome
C)Gastrointestinal syndrome
D)Cerebrovascular syndrome
Q2) Atrophy refers to
A)aging of the skin from radiation exposure.
B)shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received.
C)necrosis of the hypodermis from radiation exposure.
D)wrinkling of the skin from radiation exposure.
Q3) Attempts have been made to measure chromosome aberrations after diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures
A)and these studies have been very successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
B)but successful results have not been achieved in these studies.
C)but these studies have only been moderately successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
D)these studies have only been minimally successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to
A)calcium.
B)potassium.
C)phosphorus.
D)sodium.
Q2) Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans
A)prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects.
B)prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects.
C)are both contradictory and inconclusive.
D)prove conclusively that radiation does not cause genetic effects.
Q3) What is the mean value of the radiation doubling equivalent dose for humans,as determined from studies of the children of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
A)1.00 Sv
B)1.56 Sv
C)3.00 Sv
D)5.67 Sv
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms involves a random effect of ionizing radiation?
A)Early tissue reactions
B)Change in white blood cell count
C)Reddening of the skin
D)Stochastic event
Q2) Upper boundary radiation exposure limits for occupationally exposed persons are associated with risks that are similar to those encountered by employees in other industries that are generally considered to be reasonably safe.These industries include 1)manufacturing.
2)trade.
3)government.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Current federal standards limit entrance skin exposure rates of general-purpose intensified fluoroscopic units with maximum technique factors engaged to a maximum of ________________,as measured at tabletop,with the image intensifier entrance surface at a prescribed 30 cm above the tabletop.
A)100 mGya/min
B)300 mGya/min
C)500 mGya/min
D)600 mGya/min
Q2) Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?
A)Cone
B)Collimator
C)Filter
D)Extension cylinder
Q3) Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system,a range of ___________ kVp is generally used for adult patients.
A)30 to 60
B)60 to 75
C)75 to 110
D)110 to 140
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Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a pregnant patient must undergo a radiographic procedure,which of the following practices will minimize radiation exposure?
A)Selecting technical exposure factors that are appropriate for the part of the body to be radiographed
B)Opening the x-ray beam collimator shutters as wide as possible to ensure complete coverage of the image receptor
C)Precisely collimating the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic area of interest and shielding the lower abdomen and pelvis when this area does not need to be included in the area to be irradiated
D)A and C
Q2) Studies of groups such as the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima have shown that damage to the newborn is unlikely for doses below
A)5 Gy.
B)2 Gy.
C)0.5 Gy.
D)0.2 Gy.
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14
Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Verifying that the center of the patient coincides with the center of the CT gantry is a significant part of dose reduction strategies that is under the control of the A)CT technologist.
B)hospital or imaging facility administrator.
C)ordering physician.
D)patient.
Q2) With higher radiation exposure to the patient during a computed tomography examination,there is
A)a decreased associated cancer risk because the radiation is more penetrating. B)an increased associated cancer risk.
C)a negligible associated cancer risk because the radiation is less penetrating. D)an extremely large cancer risk.
Q3) DLP represents the product of the CTDIVOL and the irradiated scan length.In what unit of measure is it usually expressed?
A)mGy-cm
B)mSv-cm
C)mGy-mSv
D)mSv-mRa
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Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who should determine the exact shielding requirements for a particular imaging facility?
A)Administrator of the facility
B)Medical physicist
C)Radiologist
D)Radiographer
Q2) Whenever scattered radiation decreases,the radiographer's exposure
A)decreases.
B)increases slightly.
C)increases considerably.
D)remains the same.
Q3) If the peak energy of the x-ray beam is 100 kVp,a protective lead apron must be the equivalent to at least which of the following measures?
A)0.25-mm thickness of lead
B)0.5-mm thickness of lead
C)1.0-mm thickness of lead
D)1.5-mm thickness of lead
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is
A)extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B)moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C)slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D)diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
Q2) Diagnostic techniques in nuclear medicine typically make use of ___________ radioisotopes as radioactive tracers.
A)long-lived
B)short-lived
C)very weak
D)potentially lethal
Q3) Radioactive material that is attached to or associated with dust particles or in liquid form on various surfaces defines the term
A)radioactive contamination.
B)radioactive dispersal device.
C)radioactive fallout.
D)radioactive syndrome.
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