Radiation Biology
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Radiation Biology explores the fundamental principles and mechanisms by which ionizing and non-ionizing radiation interact with living organisms. The course covers the molecular and cellular effects of radiation exposure, including DNA damage, repair processes, cell cycle effects, and induction of mutations. Students will examine the biological bases of radiation therapy, radioprotection, and risk assessment for occupational and environmental exposures. Key topics include dose-response relationships, radiation sensitivity of tissues, carcinogenesis, radiation syndromes, and current technological advances in medical and research applications involving radiation. The course is essential for understanding both the beneficial and harmful impacts of radiation in medicine, industry, and the environment.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 7th Edition by Mary Sherer
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14 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2025
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40272
Sample Questions
Q1) Some ways of providing education for imaging department staff are:
1)providing in-service education on various radiation safety topics to accommodate individual needs of staff members.
2)handing out a facts-to-remember sheet at the end of an in-service program.
3)e-mailing the most important topics covered in a staff in-service program to imaging staff members to help reinforce and retain vital information.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
Q2) The millisievert (mSv) is equal to:
A) 1/10 of a sievert.
B) 1/100 of a sievert.
C) 1/1000 of a sievert.
D) 1/10,000 of a sievert.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A flight on a typical commercial airliner results in an equivalent dose rate of:
A) 0.001 to 0.005 mSv/hr.
B) 0.005 to 0.01 mSv/hr.
C) 0.02 to 0.04 mSv/hr.
D) 0.05 to 0.09 mSv/hr.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?
1)Microwaves
2)Visible light
3)X-rays
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
Q3) Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below,which source remains fairly constant from year to year?
A) Human-made
B) Natural
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coherent scattering is most likely to occur ____________ even though some of this scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range and may result in small amounts of radiographic fog.
A) below 10 keV
B) between 30 keV and 60 keV
C) between 60 keV and 90 keV
D) above 100 keV
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
A) Photoelectron and Compton scattered electron
B) Low-energy scattered x-ray photon and characteristic photon
C) Low-energy scattered x-ray photon and Compton scattered electron
D) Photoelectron and characteristic photon
Answer: D
Q3) The x-ray photon energy required to initiate pair production is:
A) 0.511 keV.
B) 1.022 keV.
C) 0.511 MeV.
D) 1.022 MeV.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the SI system,an energy absorption of 1 joule (J) per kilogram of matter in the irradiated object equals which of the following?
A) 10 Sv
B) 5 C/kg
C) 1 mSv
D) 1 Gy
Q2) Which of the following units are not SI units?
1)Roentgens
2)Coulombs per kilogram,grays,Sieverts
3)Rads and rems
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3 only
Q3) Which of the following statements is true?
A) 100 rem = 1 centisievert
B) 10 rem = 1 centisievert
C) 1 rem = 1 centisievert
D) 0.1 rem = 1 centisievert
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whenever the letter "M" appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report,it signifies that:
A) a mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
B) an equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
C) an equivalent dose less than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
D) a maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
Q2) The front of the white paper packet of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter:
A) may be color coded to facilitate correct usage and placement of the badge on the body of occupationally exposed personnel.
B) must not have any type of printing on it.
C) must be radiopaque.
D) must never be exposed to ionizing radiation.
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a highly coiled strand that is one of two duplicated portions of DNA in a replicated chromosome that appear during cell division identified as?
A) A centrosome
B) A centromere
C) A chromatid
D) A curl
Q2) During what phase of mitosis do the paired sister chromatids separate from one another to form individual daughter chromosomes?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Q3) Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
B) Nitric acid (HNO3)
C) Potassium (K) and sodium (Na)
D) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a scavenger type of white blood cell that fights bacteria?
A) Granulocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Thrombocytes
Q2) The radiosensitivity of ova:
A) remains constant throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
B) varies considerably throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
C) varies slightly throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
D) is insignificant because the germ cell is not radiosensitive.
Q3) OH* + OH* = __________.
A) H2O
B) HOH+
C) HOH-
D) H2O2
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Chapter 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atrophy refers to:
A) aging of the skin from radiation exposure.
B) shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received.
C) necrosis of the hypodermis from radiation exposure.
D) wrinkling of the skin from radiation exposure.
Q2) As a result of numerous reported patient injuries that have been associated with the use of ____________________,better management of the use of such procedures is essential.
A) computed tomography
B) high-level fluoroscopy
C) routine chest radiography
D) routine fluoroscopy
Q3) For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose:
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.
D) there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.
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Chapter 9: Late Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation
Effects on Organ Systems
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to:
A) calcium
B) potassium
C) phosphorus
D) sodium
Q2) Mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as natural phenomena are called:
A) deterministic mutations.
B) sporadic mutations.
C) spontaneous mutations.
D) stochastic mutations.
Q3) Which of the following groups of people exposed to ionizing radiation provide proof that low-level radiation exposure produces late effects?
A) 135,000 evacuees from the 1986 nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine
B) Japanese atomic bomb survivors
C) Children of the Marshall Islanders who were inadvertently subjected to fallout during the atomic bomb test in 1954
D) None of the above
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ALARA concept presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between:
A) health care education and radiation research.
B) ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
C) ionizing radiation and potential risk.
D) radiation dose and biologic response.
Q2) If a cancer induced by 2 Gy of ionizing radiation is compared with a cancer induced by 0.2 Gy of ionizing radiation,the cancer induced by the larger absorbed dose is no worse than the cancer induced by the smaller absorbed dose,but the chance of cancer induction from the larger dose is:
A) greater.
B) lesser.
C) the same as the chance of induction from the smaller dose.
D) ionizing radiation cannot cause cancer.
Q3) The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes:
A) all Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
B) all Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations.
C) the maximum permissible dose (MPD) system.
D) the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Computed radiography,because of its higher exposure latitude,makes grid use on the pediatric population:
A) absolutely necessary for all radiographic examinations.
B) less necessary than was previously believed.
C) necessary only for extremity examinations.
D) unnecessary for any examination.
Q2) CR imaging has greater ____________ flexibility than conventional screen-film radiography.
A) kilovoltage
B) milliamperage
C) time of exposure
D) x-ray beam collimation
Q3) When settings are changed from one mA to a neighboring mA station,the most that linearity can vary is:
A) 0%.
B) 10%.
C) 20%.
D) 50%.
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13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated:
A) the radiographer performing the examination should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
B) the imaging department manager should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
C) the radiologic physicist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
D) the radiologist should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.
Q2) ________________________ are the sensing devices most often used to measure skin dose directly.
A) Thermoluminescent dosimeters
B) A sequence of aluminum equivalent filters of varying thicknesses
C) Lead-impregnated filters
D) Molybdenum and rhodium filters
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14
Chapter 13: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For C-arm devices with similar fields of view,the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is:
A) comparable to that of routine fluoroscopy.
B) far greater than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
C) significantly less than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
D) comparable to that of high-level-control fluoroscopy.
Q2) If the intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source,how does the intensity of the x-ray beam change when the distance from the source of radiation and a measurement point is tripled?
A) It increases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
B) It increases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
C) It decreases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
D) It decreases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
Q3) Which part(s) of a diagnostic x-ray unit should a radiographer avoid touching while a radiographic exposure is in progress?
A) Control panel
B) Exposure switch
C) Kilovoltage control on the control panel
D) Tube housing, collimator, and high-tension cables
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Therapeutic radioisotopes are characterized by:
A) very short half-lives.
B) half-lives that are exactly the same.
C) relatively long half-lives.
D) half-lives that remain constant for all eternity.
Q2) Considering the design of the medical imaging suites listed below,which suite presents the most unique additional radiation safety problems?
A) Computer radiography suite
B) PET and CT imaging suite
C) Digital mammography suite
D) Digital fluoroscopy suite
Q3) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is:
A) extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B) moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C) slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D) diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
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