Qualitative Methods in Public Health Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the principles and applications of qualitative research methods within the field of public health. Students will learn foundational techniques such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and content analysis, with an emphasis on their use for understanding health behaviors, contexts, and communities. The course covers best practices in research design, data collection, and analysis, addressing ethical considerations and cultural competence. By engaging in practical assignments and critical discussions, students will develop skills to rigorously collect, interpret, and present qualitative data, enhancing their ability to address complex public health issues.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The technique of using multiple lines of sight, or an array of symbols and theoretical content to create a better research result, or picture of reality, is called ________.
A) triangulation
B) ethnography
C) sociometry
D) quantitative
Answer: A
Q2) The Chicago school of symbolic interaction proposes that people account for meaning in two ways. Meaning can be intrinsically attached to an object or event. Secondly, people can impose meaning on the object, event, or phenomenon. What is this second way of deriving meaning called?
A) Empathy
B) Psychical accretion
C) Definitions of a situation
D) Twenty-statement test
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
A) nodes
B) lines
C) descriptions
D) labels
Answer: B
Q2) The goal of chapter 2 is to ________.
A) provide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design
B) contrast theoretical frameworks
C) teach researchers how to match research to social laws
D) create a basis for statistical data analysis
Answer: A
Q3) A sampling technique that is excellent for obtaining fast and inexpensive results in a preliminary investigation is ______________.
A) purposive sampling
B) convenience sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) quota sampling
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) An overt researcher role in which the researcher remains immersed in the population studied for a long period of time, watching and recording the activities of group members without engaging in them, is ____________.
A) complete participant
B) participant as observer
C) observer as participant
D) complete observer
Answer: D
Q2) A researcher makes his/her intentions to study a group known, and then engages fully in the group's activities. This carries the risk of limiting rapport with original members of the group and "going native," or losing researcher objectivity through identification with the meanings of the group. What research role is the researcher taking on?
A) complete participant
B) participant as observer
C) observer as participant
D) complete observer
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Q1) Why is the interviewer repertoire so important?
Q2) Using real-time chat rooms or instant messenger to conduct an interview over the Web that allows back-and-forth between respondent and interviewer is an example of
A) Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
B) Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
C) synchronous environments
D) asynchronous environments
Q3) How can a novice interviewer begin to establish an interviewer repertoire?
Q4) An interview item that is incidental or unnecessary to the central aim of the study, but can be used to establish rapport, cool off a subject, or get the full story from the interviewee is a(n) __________.
A) extra question
B) throw-away question
C) probing question
D) essential question
Q5) Explain how to prepare a quality telephone interview.
Q6) Explain 5 of the 10 interviewer commandments.
Q7) Explain how a researcher can navigate a subject's evasion tactics during an interview.
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an interviewer has five focus groups of six participants each with a total of thirty people interviewed, how many cases of data does the researcher have?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 6
D) 30
Q2) Focus group data that reflect the collective notions shared and negotiated by a group are ______________.
A) collective brainstorms
B) group data
C) synergistic group effects
D) group think
Q3) Points of agreement within the group refers to ____________.
A) consensus
B) dissensus
C) resonance
D) group think
Q4) What are the basic ingredients for a focus group?
Q5) What are some advantages of focus group interviewing?
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Q1) A procedure that allows a researcher to make assessments about the degree of affinity or disdain that members of a group have toward one another is called
A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination
Q2) A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography
Q3) Explain the state of mind a researcher should take when beginning an ethnographic study.
Q4) Explain researcher concerns during the "getting in" phase of research.
Q5) How can a researcher record more exactly the events that occur during a field session?
Q6) What are the three categories of field notes and what do they include?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Q1) The phase of photo research in which the researcher discusses the reasons why the participant took the photo, what the image means, and what the images are supposed to depict. This is the phase in which the photographer provides his or her voice to the researcher. This is called _______.
A) selecting photographs
B) contextualizing stories
C) codifying
D) capturing photographs
Q2) What is photovoice, and how does it fit in with past trends in ethnography?
Q3) Explain the three phases of photovoice, and what each involves.
Q4) In action research, the researcher seeks to produce change, which requires meetings with participants at all phases of the research process. One technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed is spontaneous meetings that form in response to particular circumstances or issues. These are called ___________.
A) focus groups
B) in-group forums
C) informal meetings
D) agency
Q5) What makes action research unique from other types of research?
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) Examining graffiti in a neighborhood to create a typology of symbolic messages in various graffiti renderings is an example of _________________.
A) official documentary records
B) accretion
C) physical erosion
D) archival strategies
Q2) Define actuarial records and give an example of how they can be used as an unobtrusive data source.
Q3) An underutilized type of private archival material used in research is the ___________________.
A) letter
B) diary
C) autobiography
D) blog
Q4) What aspect of research do unobtrusive measures circumvent?
A) Unethical practices
B) Researcher bias
C) Researcher reactivity
D) Unsound methods
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) Which term can be considered a synonym for internal criticism?
A) Genuine
B) Reliable
C) Legitimate
D) Valid
Q2) Which type of source is a drawing of a disaster site created by an artist watching the event?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Q3) Define the three types of data sources that historical researchers can use.
Q4) Define how the term historical research is used in the social sciences.
Q5) When two men sold 60 volumes alleged to be the diaries of Adolf Hitler to the German magazine Stern, and were paid nearly $3 million for phony documents, this is an example of a failure to complete what process?
A) External criticism
B) Internal criticism
C) Plagiarism
D) Investigator detection
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Q1) Which type of personal document can provide insight into the writer's deepest thoughts such as why a battle is fought, or why serial killers kill through reflecting the inner world of the writer communicated to another?
A) Diary
B) Letter
C) Memo
D) Photo and video
Q2) To be called a case study, the research project must be ________________.
A) one instance of a broader category of events
B) systematically recapturing nuances of the past orally
C) a study of a small group of individuals sharing common characteristics
D) covert observation of a large corporation
Q3) Which researcher quality indicates that the researcher can assimilate large amounts of new information through observation?
A) Inquiring mind
B) Ability to listen and sense
C) Understanding of the issues
D) Unbiased interpretation
Q4) What is a community case study, and how does it work?
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Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) Which term describes the actual terms used by individuals under investigation that represent their behavioral processes?
A) Ideological stances
B) Sociological constructs
C) In vivo codes
D) Communication themes
Q2) Which term describes labels used by members of certain areas to distinguish among things, persons, and events using jargonized terms that may reflect out-group versus in-group classifications?
A) Theoretical classes
B) Concept classes
C) Special classes
D) Common classes
Q3) Which unit of analysis looks at the strength or weakness of a word in relation to the overall sentiment of the sentence?
A) Semantics
B) Characters
C) Concepts
D) Items
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup
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Q1) Which section of a research paper interprets what the data mean in the context of the study and offers projections for what this research might mean beyond the context of the study?
A) Methodology
B) References, notes, and/or appendices
C) Discussion and/or conclusions
D) Findings or results
Q2) Which section of a research paper presents what the data say, and offers interpretations of the meaning of and an analysis of the data?
A) Methodology
B) References, notes, and/or appendices
C) Discussion and/or conclusions
D) Findings or results
Q3) When identifying a purpose, and preparing to present one's study, what is a crucial piece?
A) Coining new terms to accommodate a given audience
B) Informing the scientific community
C) Understanding the audience
D) Placing the researcher in a central role
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