Public Speaking
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Public Speaking is a course designed to develop students confidence and competence in oral communication across various formal and informal settings. Through practical exercises, students learn essential skills in speech preparation, organization, audience analysis, and effective delivery. The course covers methods of persuasion, informative speaking, and the use of visual aids, as well as strategies for managing speech anxiety. By providing opportunities for practice and feedback, Public Speaking prepares students to articulate their ideas clearly and persuasively, fostering abilities that are valuable in academic, professional, and everyday contexts.
Recommended Textbook Stand Up Speak Out The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking v2.0 by Jason S. Wrench
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Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today
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Q1) ___________,___________,___________,and ____________ are the four dimensions of context in public speaking.
Answer: physical,temporal,social-psychological,cultural
Q2) Charlotte's goal in her speech is to get her classmates to floss their teeth more often.Charlotte is delivering a persuasive speech.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Differentiate between the transactional model and dialogical model of communication.
Answer: The basic premise of the transactional model is that individuals are sending and receiving messages at the same time.However,Ronald Arnett and Pat Arneson proposed that all communication,even public speaking,could be viewed as a dialogue.The dialogic theory is based on three overarching principles:1.Dialogue is more natural than monologue;2.Meanings are in people not words;3.Contexts and social situations impact perceived meanings.
Q4) __________ __________ refers to the use of words to elicit meaning in the mind of a receiver.
Answer: Verbal communication
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Chapter 2: Ethics Matters: Understanding the Ethics of
Public Speaking
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Q1) What is a code of ethics?
Answer: A code of ethics is a set of ethical guidelines for members of a certain group or company to abide by as they interact with those inside and outside of their organization.
Q2) As audience members,we should _______________ to a speaker before making judgments about them or their message.
Answer: listen
Q3) What are some of the ways a speaker can show respect for the audience?
Answer: Learn as much as possible about your audience,a process called audience analysis.
To create a climate of caring and mutual respect,it is important for us as speakers to be open with our audiences so that our intentions and perceptions are clear.Nothing alienates an audience faster than a speaker with a hidden agenda unrelated to the stated purpose of the speech.
Q4) Ethics concerns questions of right and wrong.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Speaking Confidently
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Q1) People with trait anxiety:
A)are usually eager to develop public speaking skills.
B)can learn to be good speakers even if still uncomfortable.
C)need private tutoring in order to develop speaking skills.
D)should avoid situations in which they might be asked to speak.
E)should just "man up" and get over it.
Answer: B
Q2) Confident,experienced public speakers:
A)act and feel confident in all settings.
B)can become apprehensive in tense situations.
C)easily take all communication occurrences in stride.
D)have learned to ignore the audience and just speak.
E)never feel the nervousness they had as beginners.
Answer: B
Q3) What should you do if you experience speech content issues during a speech?
Answer: Pause for a moment to think through what you want to do next.
Q4) Audiences are most interested in judging a speaker's performance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Importance of Listening
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Q1) What are assumptions?
Q2) Describe the people-oriented listener.
Q3) Why is formative feedback valuable?
Q4) A(n)______________-oriented listener is curious about the speaker.
Q5) What is receiver,or listener,bias?
Q6) What are some of the specific benefits of active and focused listening?
Q7) How can we be led astray by assumptions? Use an example.
Q8) Summative feedback is a response to:
A)an assignment to attend a speech.
B)a comment with which you disagree.
C)the message and the speaker.
D)the perceived importance of the topic.
E)semantic noise.
Q9) Explain the role of receiver bias in a listener's ability or inability to understand messages.
Q10) If you are assigned to attend a presentation,and if you know there will be a quiz during the following class,what should you do during that presentation?
Q11) Understanding the content of a message is sometimes difficult.Why?
Q12) A mispronounced word can be a source of _________________ noise. Page 6
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Chapter 5: Audience Analysis
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Q1) What kind of information are you seeking in a psychographic analysis?
Q2) _______________ is the tendency to assume that all members of a given culture or social group are alike.
Q3) Respecting your audience means:
A)avoiding comments that offend,exclude,or trivialize them or their values.
B)being aware that they want to express their beliefs as much as you do.
C)knowing that they are teachable,and challenging them to learn.
D)making a statement that specifically expresses your respect.
E)trusting them to understand and agree with your message.
Q4) Why should we conduct an audience analysis?
Q5) Tika is preparing for a speech.As part of her audience analysis,she asks her potential audience members to go online and answer a series of written questions with multiple-choice answers.What have Tika's potential audience members completed?
A)direct observation
B)existing data
C)a focus group
D)an interview
E)a survey
Q6) Explain what psychographic analysis is and why it's important to a speaker.
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic
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Q1) What is wrong with the following specific purpose? "To persuade about the usefulness of flossing one's teeth daily."
A)no general purpose.
B)doesn't answer the "what" question.
C)doesn't have a clear preposition following the general purpose.
D)doesn't specify a clear audience.
E)doesn't explain the speaker's ultimate objective.
Q2) Why are audience beliefs,attitudes,and values important to a persuasive speaker?
Q3) A personal inventory is a:
A)detailed calendar or time line of life events.
B)detailed and descriptive list about an individual.
C)formal record of a student's written work.
D)list of people's opinions about a specific person.
E)record of an individual's accomplishments.
Q4) You've been asked to speak in front of the United Nations in New York City.What would the general rhetorical situation be of this speaking engagement and what questions would you have about the rhetorical situation?
Q5) Differentiate among the four common circumstances in a rhetorical situation.
Q6) What does a polling organization do? How does that help you?
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Researching Your Speech
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Q1) One of the things a reference librarian can do for you is:
A)bring you some research materials at a library computer.
B)help you develop your own set of academic research skills.
C)take the lead in outlining and developing your assignment.
D)work with you exclusively through e-mail correspondence.
E)write a note to your instructor when materials are unavailable.
Q2) Research is an attempt to make inferences and support them by using logic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____________ research is conducted by making use of facts,figures,and opinions generated by other researchers.
Q4) Saying that research is a process,not an event,means:
A)that a great deal of research is done before a topic is chosen.
B)that part of doing research is compiling a lengthy list of sources.
C)the process of research is never over;there is no end point.
D)reference librarians require a great deal of attention from students.
E)the steps taken to do research require an investment of time.
Q5) Why should you attempt to narrow your topic before seeing a librarian?
Q6) Specifically what is a reference librarian?
Q7) What is your main responsibility when you paraphrase someone else?
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Chapter 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments
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Q1) Four criteria used to evaluate source options are:
A)accuracy,authority,currency,and objectivity.
B)clarity,detail,logic,and organization of data.
C)common sense,popularity,reason,and vividness.
D)research,publication,statistics,and anonymity.
E)transparency,honesty,clarity,and importance.
Q2) To support our main ideas,we can use any sources with which we agree.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain what is meant by vividness and how it impacts how people use and understand supporting evidence.
Q4) You should use a variety of support types in your speech. A)True
B)False
Q5) Authoritative sources are sources that:
A)give a long bibliography at the end of a print or online article.
B)has accumulated considerable accurate knowledge on a topic.
C)provide statistics,along with an interpretation of their meanings.
D)show up repeatedly when an online search is being conducted.
E)supplement the text with good explanatory video materials.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech
Effectively
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Q1) Your specific purpose guides the organization and development of your main points.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The use of humor in a speech introduction:
A)appeals to almost every kind of American audience.
B)challenges the audience to listen analytically.
C)disrupts the audience and keeps them from listening.
D)is risky;what some find funny,others find offensive.
E)should be avoided if the speech topic is religious.
Q3) A good thesis statement:
A)avoids stating opinions or judgments.
B)challenges conventional knowledge.
C)clearly reflects the topic of the speech.
D)develops an idea in thorough detail.
E)is the one thing you should not edit.
Q4) The _________ of your speech tells the audience what the speech is about.
Q5) Generally,audiences will automatically listen once you begin talking.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Creating the Body of a Speech
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Q1) The information covered in each main point:
A)can be woven through all the main points.
B)is an opportunity for great depth in detail.
C)may start with a recognizable quotation.
D)must be truly new to your audience.
E)should be distinct from the other points.
Q2) Write a sentence that includes a transition that indicates consequence.Underline the transition.
Q3) A psychological speech pattern:
A)begins with a riveting rhetorical question.
B)bombards listeners with startling facts.
C)is designed to follow a logical argument.
D)persuades listeners by being informal.
E)relies on strategies found in advertising.
Q4) An internal _____________ helps an audience know what you are going to talk about within a main point.
Q5) _________ ________ are the key ideas you present in order to accomplish a specific purpose.
Q6) Using an example,explain the psychological speech pattern.
Q7) Explain the function of an internal summary and give an example.
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Chapter 11: Concluding With Power
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Q1) Restating your thesis in the conclusion:
A)is an exact,word-for-word repetition of your thesis statement.
B)reminds listeners of the major purpose or goal of the speech.
C)signals your steadfast,unshakable commitment to your beliefs.
D)tells the audience you have stayed on message consistently.
E)will most likely be boring to even the most interested listeners.
Q2) Concluding your speech with inspiration means:
A)effectively balancing reason with emotion.
B)giving common-sense advice to your listeners.
C)making the conclusion dramatic and memorable.
D)stirring your audience´s emotions in a specific manner.
E)your speech has a clear persuasive purpose.
Q3) Primacy is:
A)a characteristic of a powerful conclusion.
B)the emphasis with which a point is made.
C)the most important point within a speech.
D)the position at the beginning of a speech.
E)the position at the end of the speech.
Q4) What are the three parts of an effective conclusion? Explain each.
Q5) The goal of ______________ is to stir the audience emotionally.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Outlining
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Q1) Why must a full-sentence outline include authoritative sources?
Q2) A working outline is an outline that: A)follows a general pattern of brainstorming. B)involves a substantial amount of work.
C)is used in the process of developing a speech. D)relies on creativity rather than reasoning. E)starts out as an essay or a research paper.
Q3) When you give equal attention to your three main points,you are practicing ______________.
Q4) Writing a speech outline can help you select points that support your specific purpose.
A)True
B)False
Q5) While transitions between main points are not an actual necessity,they do provide a nice finishing touch to the speech.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A ______________ outline is the full plan of everything you intend to say.
Q7) How should a thesis statement be written? Give an example of a clearly written one.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: The Importance of Language
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Q1) Ethnic identity refers to a group an individual identifies with based on a common culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Clarity is the use of language that:
A)analyzes the way words form,evolve,and convey meaning.
B)gives an overview of everything the speech will address.
C)helps listeners understand ideas the way the speaker intends.
D)provides a precise,detailed,denotative definition of a term.
E)summarizes a main point and leads to a conclusion.
Q3) Explain some of the differences between reading and listening.What does this imply that public speakers should do?
Q4) "Health-care professional" is a more inclusive term than "woman doctor."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Oral language tends to use shorter sentences than written language.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is vivid language and why is it important in public speaking?
Q7) Why do your textbook authors recommend using economy in a speech?
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Chapter 14: Delivering the Speech
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Q1) Why is speaking from notecards better than speaking from a full manuscript?
Q2) You should smile throughout a speech to maintain a positive relationship with the audience.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Whenever a microphone is provided:
A)carefully adjust it to show competence.
B)decide for yourself whether you need it.
C)have it removed if it doesn't work.
D)it's there because speakers will need it.
E)use it,or be perceived as unprofessional.
Q4) You can project confidence by pitching your voice up at the ends of sentences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain four common pronunciation issues.
Q6) A surface where a speaker can place his or her notes during a speech is called a
Q7) How must speakers adapt to larger venues?
Q8) Define eye contact and explain its functions.
Q9) What are the potential disadvantages of using a microphone? Page 17
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Chapter 15: Presentation Aids: Design and Usage
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Q1) You should take advantage of the many special effects available in computer-based media.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are four reasons presentation aids are important? Explain.
Q3) Presentation aids can:
A)become a substitute for notecards when a speaker simply reads them.
B)improve your audience's understanding of the information you present.
C)make a boring speech more entertaining,interesting,and worthwhile.
D)rescue a speech that is poorly researched,prepared,or presented.
E)take pressure off of the speaker to give the audience sustained contact.
Q4) In using video or audio recordings:
A)allow these materials to do about half the work for you.
B)avoid telling listeners where you found the materials.
C)point to the audio or video player during the best parts.
D)stand next to the audio or video player while it plays.
E)use clips that are proportional to the length of your speech.
Q5) Presentation aids are useful because they speak for themselves.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Informative Speaking
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for making information clear and interesting to an audience?
A)adjust complexity to the audience
B)avoid unnecessary jargon
C)create abstract images
D)keep information limited
E)link current knowledge to new knowledge
Q2) If you choose a topic that turns out to be too difficult,you must progress forward in spite of specific audience needs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Differentiate among the five types of informative speeches.
Q4) Of the eight different ways to make information interesting and clear to an audience,which one do you think is the most important and why?
Q5) A speech on the history of the water bottle is an example of a(n)_______ informative speech.
Q6) Why is it important for speakers to adjust complexity to the audience?
Q7) Why should speakers personalize content?
Q8) Describe Katherine Rowan's three sources of audience confusion.
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Chapter 17: Persuasive Speaking
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Q1) "It's unfair for men to receive paternity leave" is an example of a policy claim.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An external justification is the process of reducing cognitive dissonance by voluntarily changing a behavior,belief,or attitude.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "The United States should ban all forms of depression medication for children under the age of 18" is an example of a policy claim.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland's (1961)social judgment theory.
Q5) In the satisfaction step of Monroe's motivated sequence,an explanation occurs when a speaker explains the attitude,value,belief,or action the speaker wants her or his audience to accept.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain and give an example of a definitional claim.
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Chapter 18: Speaking to Entertain
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Q1) A ____________ ____________ speech is designed to enhance one's own image or the image of his or her organization.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about entertaining speeches?
A)entertaining speakers can deliver one generic speech to different groups.
B)entertaining speeches require little to no preparation at all.
C)entertaining speakers can use the same material across different audiences.
D)entertaining speeches usually last from 30 to 45 minutes.
E)entertaining speeches should be both personally effective and socially appropriate.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a tip for using humor in a speech?
A)personalize or localize humor when possible
B)be clear about which words need emphasis with verbal humor
C)always apologize if a humorous anecdote doesn't get laughs
D)know when to stop joking and be serious
E)don't try to use humor that you don't know well
Q4) A speech of ____________ is a minispeech given by the host of a ceremony that introduces another speaker and his or her speech.
Q5) Why are both ceremonial and inspirational speaking considered speeches of entertainment?
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Chapter 19: Your First Speech
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Q1) The second tier of the public speaking pyramid focuses on:
A)writing a conclusion.
B)rehearsing the speech.
C)integrating visual aids into the speech.
D)preparing the speech.
E)choosing a purpose for the speech.
Q2) Persuasion is the process of getting someone to change his or her thought pattern or behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The second tier of the public speaking pyramid contains the following three parts:
A)research,organization,and practice
B)composition,organization,and development
C)composition,organization,and support
D)research,organization,and development
E)research,organization,and support
Q4) In regards to movement,standing still and incessant pacing are both ______________ for public speaking.
Q5) Describe two fundamental aspects of practicing a speech.
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