Public Sector Labor Relations
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Public Sector Labor Relations explores the unique dynamics of labor-management relationships within governmental and publicly funded organizations. The course examines collective bargaining frameworks, dispute resolution processes, and the legal and political environments shaping labor relations in areas such as federal, state, and local governments, as well as public education and safety sectors. Key topics include the history and evolution of public sector unions, negotiation strategies, the role of legislation like the National Labor Relations Act and public-sector-specific laws, and the balancing act between employee rights and public interests. Students will analyze case studies and current issues to understand the challenges and opportunities that define labor relations in the public sector.
Recommended Textbook
Labor Relations Striking a Balance 4th Edition by
John W. Budd
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13 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Contemporary Labor Relations: Objectives, Practices,
and
Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a societal standpoint,the weakened position of unions in the U.S.is potentially problematic for all of the following reasons except:
A)A weakened labor movement is less able to provide management with the flexibility it needs to succeed in today's demanding competitive environment.
B)Weaker unions are unable to counter trends toward a greater income inequality in society.
C)Weaker unions are less able to provide training and work standards that ensure high quality,safe products and services,and safe working conditions.
D)Aggrieved workers are pushed to strike or act out in other ways (e.g. ,sabotage)that are detrimental to the flow of goods and services or to public safety.
Answer: A
Q2) Conflicts between what the employee wants and what the employer wants are generally resolved privately between the individual and his/her employer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Labor Unions: Good or Bad
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Q1) The term "socialist" has been used widely in the mainstream press lately.Socialism describes a movement that would encourage and utilize revolution as a way to replace capitalism with worker control.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) According to the mainstream economics school of thought,employees exercise voice in the employment relationship by:
A)Banding together to hold discussions with the employer.
B)Hiring attorneys.
C)Forming employee involvement groups.
D)Exiting and entering into employment arrangements.
Answer: D
Q3) The ______________________ school of thought sees the workplace as made up of different constituents,each with a different voice and different set of concerns.
Answer: Industrial relations
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Chapter 3: Historical Development
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Q1) Explain the primary goals of the National Labor Union.
Answer: The National Labor Union represented unions from many different occupations and industries.Its primary goals were to bring about legal reform through political action,including the formation of a national labor party.The NLU hoped to make the eight-hour workday a country standard,reform currency and banking laws,and secure women's right to vote.
Q2) The Knights of Labor is generally considered an example of an "uplift union" due to its mission to elevate the moral,intellectual,and social lives of workers.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Some historians argue that the PATCO strike re-established a tone,or pattern of adversarial labor-management relations and union suppression in the U.S.that is still felt today.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Samuel Gompers was the first president of the _________________________________.
Answer: American Federation of Labor
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Labor Law
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Q1) Explain the role of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 and describe the rationale for this legislation.
Q2) In 1806,a group of Philadelphia shoemakers was convicted of ____________________ for joining together and refusing to work unless their terms were met.
A)Illegal assembly.
B)Tyranny.
C)Unpatriotic actions.
D)Illegal conspiracy.
Q3) The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was the first piece of U.S.legislation to explicitly give workers the right to unionize.
A)True
B)False
Q4) State laws protecting state employees' collective bargaining rights vary considerably with respect to the extent of protection provided and which employees are given collective bargaining rights.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the role of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service?
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Chapter 5: Labor and Management: Strategies, Structures, and Constraints
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Q1) Attendance at union meetings and voter turnout are both aspects of union democracy known as the _____________________ dimension.
Q2) Each national union has a __________________ that spells out the union's bylaws and procedures.
Q3) The ability of union members to influence the decisions of their union leaders is known as the:
A)Behavioral dimension of union democracy.
B)Procedural dimension of union democracy.
C)Substantive dimension of union democracy.
D)Elective dimension of union democracy.
Q4) ______________________ unionism involves a single union representing only workers within a single occupation.
Q5) Explain the typical philosophy of unionism embraced by U.S.labor unions.
Q6) Union density is significantly higher for men than it is for women.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Skill-biased technological change increases the skill requirements of jobs. A)True B)False
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Chapter 6: Union Organizing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When determining bargaining units,the NLRB may rule that many occupations in diverse locations can make up a single unit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Arguably the most effective union organizing tactic is:
A)To send pamphlets and brochures to employees' homes.
B)To have a union organizer take the lead in talking with employees about unionizing.
C)To run marketing campaigns similar to those used in product marketing.
D)To develop personal relationships with existing workers and train them to take the lead in talking with their co-workers about unionizing.
Q3) After years of long hours and low pay,Lab technicians at a large hospital have decided that they would like to unionize.Describe the process that they will need to go through to secure union representation.
Q4) The Employee Free Choice Act would address all of the following except:
A)Insufficient penalties for employers who violate the NLRA.
B)Attempts to delay first contract settlements.
C)Employee dissatisfaction with union representation.
D)Attempts to delay representation elections.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Bargaining
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Q1) Which of the following is not a part of the time line of the bargaining (negotiation)process?
A)Exchange proposals
B)Rights arbitration in case of impasse
C)Conduct benchmarking
D)Assign a bargaining team
Q2) The _______________________________ is the diverse set of external influences on labor and management as they sit at a bargaining table negotiating a contract.
Q3) _______________________________ is a type of bargaining in labor negotiations that pertains to broader concerns of managing the labor management relationship,such as creating trust.
Q4) Distributive bargaining is also known as _______________________________ bargaining and means that the more one side receives,the less the other side receives.
Q5) Unions generally prefer more decentralized bargaining structures because this allows them to exercise greater power over the employer.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Impasse, Strikes, and Dispute Resolution
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Q1) A(n)_______________________________is an attempt by employees to force an employer to concede to union demands doing their work exactly "by the book."
Q2) The purpose of a strike is to increase the employer's cost of disagreeing with the union's demands by depriving the employer of its profit-generating ability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _______________________________ final offer arbitration is when the arbitrator must select one or the other party's final offer on all the disputed contract terms,like wages,health insurance,holidays,etc.
Q4) In final offer arbitration,the arbitrator is not constrained in deciding the settlement terms and can create any terms he or she deems fair.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the difference between an economic strike and an unfair labor practice strike? Describe the rights of strikers and strike replacements in both economic and unfair labor practice strikes.(20 minutes)
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Chapter 9: Contract Clauses and Their Administration
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Q1) An agreement that requires employees to settle disputes with their employer using arbitration instead of a lawsuit is known as:
A)Mandatory arbitration agreement
B)Grievance waiver
C)Arbitration waiver
D)Mandatory grievance agreement
Q2) Which of the following union security clauses requires an employee to become a union member before they are hired:
A)Open shop
B)Union shop
C)Closed shop
D)Agency shop
Q3) The difference between restricted managerial control in unionized workplaces and complete unilateral control in nonunion workplaces,is known as the
Q4) Using the court system instead of a formal grievance process would likely speed up the resolution of workplace disputes and reduce costs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Flexibility, Empowerment, and Partnership
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Q1) Skill-based pay,quality circle and other forms of innovation aimed at improving worker involvement in business have largely failed in unionized settings.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are some of the concerns the labor movement has for workers regarding nonunion representation plans versus unions?
A)While it looks like a bilateral mechanism to employees,the formation,structure,nature,and continued existence of the plan is actually unilaterally controlled by management
B)Managers can parify the workers by occasionally giving the representation plan a "victory" without truly granting the employees any power
C)There is also the potential for management to convey subtle and not-so-subtle antiunion messages
D)All of the above
Q3) _______________________________ is a strategy for regaining competitive advantage by creating a corporate culture of constant change and small improvements.
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12
Chapter 11: Globalization
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Q1) The _______________________________ is the most powerful decision-making authority of the European Union and consists of each country's minister for whichever issue is under discussion.
Q2) The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation has been highly effective in improving labor standards among NAFTA nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation specifies minimum standards for the treatment of labor by all NAFTA countries and outlines penalties for failure to comply with those standards.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Currently,all global trade agreements sanctioned by the WTO have a social clause requiring them to abide by the ILO's Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A _______________________________ is a Mexican factory that assembles U.S.components for export to the United States.
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Chapter 12: Comparative Labor Relations
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Q1) Works councils have a clear,positive impact on economic efficiency of German companies and the German economy as a whole.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The main feature of labor relations in Australia is a centralized _______________________________ system in which federal or state arbitration commissions issue settlements that define minimum standards for pay and working conditions.
Q3) How does France's labor movement differ from that of the U.S.?
Q4) The most influential union federation in Mexico is called the Confederacion de Trabajadores Mexico or the Confederation of Mexican Workers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Company dominated unions are a particular problem for Mexican Labor relations. A)True
B)False
Q6) The _______________________________ thesis predicts that labor relations practices and policies across countries will converge to a common set of practices and policies and national differences will disappear.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: What Should Labor Relations Do?
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Q1) Proponents of NLRA deregulation are most likely to look to Great Britain's system of voluntarism as a model for labor law reform.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Social movement unionism generally achieves its goals using structural power alone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Organized labor and workers' rights advocates attributed a significant part of the decline in unionization to deficiencies in the NLRA.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Giving employees explicit rights to free speech,just cause dismissal,and information are three possibilities for transforming U.S.labor law.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _______________________________ unionism attempts to blend the services of professional associations with the power of a union.
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