Psychopharmacology Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Psychopharmacology explores the effects of drugs on the brain, behavior, and mental processes. This course covers the basic principles of pharmacology, neurotransmitter systems, and how various classes of psychoactive drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, stimulants, and hallucinogens interact with neural pathways to influence mood, cognition, and behavior. Students will examine the therapeutic uses of these medications, their mechanisms of action, side effects, potential for abuse, and implications for treating psychological disorders. Both current research and clinical applications are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how psychotropic substances impact mental health.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) More animals are killed by scientists in laboratory research than for any other reason.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is an indispensable use of animals for humans?
A) research for the treatment of human disease
B) as a source of food
C) as companions to humans
D) as a source of fur
E) as contestants in reality television shows
Answer: A
Q3) The term "reflex" refers to an automatic movement.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Animism is the belief that the mind is separate from the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ neuron is the most common nerve cell type in the central nervous system.
A) apolar
B) multiglial
C) unipolar
D) bipolar
E) multipolar
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following glial cells are important for the supply of energy for neurons?
A) Schwann cells.
B) phagocytes
C) dendrocytes
D) astrocytes
E) nanotubules
Answer: D
Q3) Saltatory conduction speeds up conduction velocity in non-myelinated neurons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arachnoid membrane forms a protective covering of the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The parasympathetic division of the ANS is involved in
A) activities that expend energy.
B) the inhibition of digestive function during a fight.
C) activities that increase levels of stored energy within the body.
D) acceleration of heart rate and increased blood flow to the muscles.
E) the control of the voluntary muscles of the body.
Answer: C
Q3) The hypothalamus is involved in all of the following except A) fleeing.
B) mating.
C) feeding.
D) fighting.
E) memory.
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which pair of drugs below are known to facilitate and inhibit (respectively)the release of ACh?
A) black widow spider venom; botulinum toxin
B) botulinum toxin; muscarine
C) botulinum toxin; black widow spider venom
D) botulinum toxin; nicotine
E) black widow spider venom; muscarine
Q2) The autoreceptor for norepinephrine in brain is of the ________ adrenergic receptor subtype.
A) 1
B) 1
C) 2
D) 2
E) All of the above are correct.
Q3) Which neurotransmitter activates voluntary movements and reinforces behavior?
A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin
E) GABA
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Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The metabolic activity of a specific region of the living rat brain can be revealed by A) MRI scans.
B) CT scans.
C) autoradiography of ghrelin concentration.
D) measurement of Fos protein concentration.
E) EEG recordings.
Q2) One of the oldest methods used in neuroscience to study brain function is A) immunocytochemistry.
B) stereotaxic surgery.
C) autoradiography.
D) experimental ablation.
E) the study of twins.
Q3) MRI scans provide more detailed pictures than those obtained by a CT scanner.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fraternal twins have identical genotypes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how autoradiography can be used to measure the activity of brain cells.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the lens is to
A) control the amount of light that enters the eye.
B) control eye movements as one tracks a moving object.
C) focus light onto the retina.
D) invert the visual image on the retina.
E) amplify the intensity of light that is passed through the vitreous humor.
Q2) People with the form of color blindness known as deuteranopia
A) lack "red" cones.
B) have poor visual acuity.
C) have "red" cones filled with "green" photopigment.
D) have "green" cones filled with "red" photopigment.
E) have color pigments within their rods.
Q3) The striate cortex is arranged in 6 major layers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Neurons in area V5 are sensitive to movement.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what is involved in the process of sensory transduction.
Q6) Compare and contrast the visual functions of rods and cones.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Functional imaging studies of the human association cortex indicate that judgments of sound ________ activate the ________.
A) timbre; dorsal stream
B) identity; ventral stream
C) timbre; ventral stream
D) location; ventral stream
E) identity; dorsal stream
Q2) The utricle and saccule are components of the
A) middle ear.
B) cochlea.
C) vestibular sacs.
D) semicircular canals.
E) outer ear..
Q3) ________ are located in the finger tips and are used to detect form and roughness.
A) Free nerve endings
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Meissner's corpuscles
D) Merkel disks
E) Ruffini corpuscles
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) REM sleep behavior disorder is to cataplexy as A) dreaming is to logic.
B) movement is to paralysis.
C) logic is to dreaming.
D) paralysis is to movement.
E) sleep is to awake. .
Q2) Night terrors are most likely to occur during
A) REM sleep.
B) high-frequency sleep.
C) stage 4 of slow-wave sleep.
D) paradoxical sleep.
E) stage 1 of slow-wave sleep.
Q3) Administration of a(n)________ would be expected to promote sleep.
A) adenosine antagonist
B) adenosine agonist
C) hypocretin agonist
D) serotonin antagonist
E) norepinephrine agonist
Q4) Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.
Q5) Describe the types of problems that occur during slow-wave sleep.
10
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of Bruce/Brenda/David turned out well,with his successful marriage and career.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What principle is demonstrated by the findings that stimulation of the genitals elicits sex-related behaviors in a male animal whose spinal cord has been cut?
A) Male sexual behavior can at times appear to be brainless.
B) The brain is not required for the sexual reflexes of erection and ejaculation.
C) Sexual orientation is dependent on spinal mechanisms.
D) Pathways from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord are key to sexual behavior.
E) Sexual reflexes cannot occur without the brain.
Q3) Lordosis is considered to be a
A) male sexual behavior.
B) female sexual behavior.
C) reflexive behavior shown by males.
D) proceptive behavior.
E) voluntary behavior shown by females.
Q4) Describe the circuits that govern rodent female sexual behavior.
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low levels of brain 5-HIAA are correlated with risky behavior in male primates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the changes in emotion that follow damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE).
Q3) Which of the following would fail to automatically produce fear reactions in a human?
A) snakes
B) loud unexpected noises
C) certain odors
D) sudden movement
E) detection of body odor .
Q4) After damage to her ______,Patient I.R.showed impaired ability to _______.
A) left basal forebrain; read a map
B) auditory association cortex; perceive musical melody
C) hippocampus; recognize words
D) periaqueductal gray matter; read a map
E) primary visual cortex; perceive musical melody
Q5) Describe the changes in personality in Phineas Gage that occurred after his brain injury.
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following supports the notion that heredity contributes to differences in body weight?
A) Pima Indians in the US and Mexico share the same genes, but only those persons who live in a particular environment develop obesity.
B) Several forms of human obesity involve a deficit in ghrelin production, which can be treated by ghrelin injection.
C) Twin studies indicate that genes account for 25 percent of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.
D) Twin studies indicate that genes account for little of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.
E) Adoption studies fail to show a role for heredity in obesity.
Q2) Which terms are synonymous?
A) orexins; hypocretins
B) NPY; CCK
C) adrenaline; noradrenaline
D) insulin; glucagon
E) satiety; hunger
Q3) Describe the four essential components of a regulatory system.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of long-term potentiation (LTP)?
A) Protein synthesis is required for persistent LTP.
B) NMDA receptors admit calcium ions when glutamate is present and the membrane is depolarized.
C) AMPA receptors are inserted into the dendritic membrane during LTP.
D) Presynaptic nitric oxide acts as a messenger on the postsynaptic membrane.
E) Glutamate is released from the axon terminal.
Q2) In which test condition below would you expect a memory deficit in a rat with hippocampal damage?
A) passive avoidance: tested while hungry
B) Skinner box: pressing for a food pellet on an FR-5 schedule of reinforcement
C) Morris water maze: released from a different starting point on each trial
D) 8-arm maze: trained and tested while food satiated
E) Morris water maze: released from the same starting point on each trial
Q3) People with Korsakoff's syndrome can form new memories,but are unable to remember events that occurred prior to their brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.
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Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speech starts with decisions as to what will be said and can involve our current or past perceptions.The brain regions that are responsible for having something to say would be those located
A) in the primary motor cortex.
B) distal to the hippocampus.
C) in the posterior portions of the occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes.
D) on either side of the corpus callosum.
E) in the anterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres.
Q2) A person who has pure alexia
A) cannot read, but can recognize words spelled aloud.
B) is unable to write.
C) would also have agraphia.
D) is usually unable to choose appropriate words.
E) suffers from a pure form of aphasia.
Q3) Which of the following is a central feature of aphasia?
A) averbia
B) speech comprehension difficulties
C) difficulty in using action words
D) anomia
E) spelling disorder
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A meningioma is a ________ tumor that arises from ________.
A) benign; astrocytes
B) benign; Schwann cells
C) malignant; Schwann cells
D) benign; dural or arachnoid cells
E) malignant; dural or arachnoid cells
Q2) In the chapter prologue,Mrs.R.suffered from ________ brought on by ________.
A) tinnitus; a genetic disorder
B) seizures; alcoholism
C) seizures; a brain tumor
D) impaired vision; years of reading under low-light conditions
E) headaches; excessive caffeine intake
Q3) ________ is a recent treatment for Parkinson's disease that allows patients to suppress their motor symptoms..
A) Electrical stimulation of the primary motor region
B) Intracranial administration of the drug haloperidol
C) Administration of reserpine into the spinal cord
D) Deep electrical stimulation of the subthalamic region
E) Infusion of GABA into the locus coeruleus
Q4) What are the most common forms of viral encephalitis?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ reverses the positive,negative,and cognitive symptoms by schizophrenia by acting as a ________ in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens.
A) L-DOPA; competitive antagonist
B) Aripiprazole; partial agonist
C) Reserpine; monamine agonist
D) Aripiprazole; reuptake inhibitor
E) Amphetamine; reuptake inhibitor
Q2) Children who later in life develop schizophrenia are more likely to show ________ in movies recorded earlier in their childhood.
A) more sociability
B) euphoria
C) less sociability
D) less overall activity
E) symmetrical facial features
Q3) Serotonin agonists decrease the symptoms of panic attacks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the actions of amphetamine-like stimulant drugs and of antipsychotic drugs on brain dopamine.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The general process by which a physiological reaction produced in the body by the perception of aversive or threatening events is referred to as
A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) a fight-or-flight response.
C) stressful.
D) an immune response.
E) stress.
Q2) There is direct evidence that stress can result in poor immune functioning and increased rates of disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stress can trigger relapse in a former drug addict.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Withdrawal symptoms are usually the opposite of the effects induced by a drug.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe and explain how the hormonal changes that accompany stress can alter health.
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