Psychometrics Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Psychometrics is the scientific study of psychological measurement, focusing on the theory and technique of assessing psychological variables such as intelligence, personality, attitudes, and abilities. This course introduces students to the development and evaluation of measurement instruments, including tests, questionnaires, and surveys. Core topics include reliability, validity, test construction, item analysis, scaling methods, and the interpretation of test scores. Students will also explore the ethical and cultural considerations in assessment, gaining practical skills for evaluating the quality and usefulness of psychological measures in both research and applied settings.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 5th Edition by James Jaccard
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2466 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientists use representative samples to obtain random samples.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Scales of measurements used in Behavioral research includes all of the following except_____.
A)nominal
B)interval
C)ordinal
D)molecular
E)All of these are correct
Answer: D
Q3) ÓX tells us to add up,or sum,all of the individual X scores.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A variable is a phenomenon that takes on different values,or levels.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Frequency and Probability Distributions
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do we determine the number of groups to report in a grouped frequency distribution?
Answer: In deciding how many groups to report,a balance must be struck between having so many groups that the data are incomprehensible and having so few groups that the table is imprecise.In general,if the number of possible score values is small,fewer groups can be used,whereas if the number of possible score values is large,more groups will be required.As a rule of thumb,the use of 5 to 15 groups tends to strike the appropriate balance between imprecision and incomprehensibility in most instances.
Q2) If you want to graph a variable that is qualitative in nature,then you should use
A)a bar graph
B)a histogram
C)a frequency polygon
D)It doesn't matter
Answer: A
Q3) What is the difference between a relative frequency and a probability?
Answer: Whereas a relative frequency indicates the proportion of times that some score was previously observed,a probability represents the likelihood of observing that score in the future.
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Page 4
Chapter 4: Percentiles percentile Ranks standard Scores
and the Normal Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) A survey finds that 50% of college students spend 10 hours or less on homework weekly.The percentile rank of _____ is _____.
A)50;10
B)10;50
C)50;50
D)cannot be determined
Q2) Gary is told that his percentile rank on the law school admissions exam is 87.This indicates that 87% of students taking this exam scored _____ Gary.
A)higher than B)higher than or equal to C)lower than D)lower than or equal to
Q3) The number of standard deviation units that a score falls above or below the mean is represented by the _____.
A)median frequency
B)percentile rank
C)relative frequency
D)standard score
Q4) A negative standard score of -1 means you____________________.
5
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Chapter 5: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a conceptual perspective,the tradition is to designate the independent variable as the _____ variable and the dependent variable as the _____ variable.
A)linear;nonlinear
B)Y;X
C)standardized;unstandardized D)X;Y
Q2) A slope of _____ would be represented by a _____ line.
A)1.0;nonlinear
B)0;horizontal
C)-1.0;horizontal
D)1.0;horizontal
Q3) The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the magnitude of the linear approximation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are outliers and how do they effect the correlation coefficient?
Q5) The formula for computing the intercept is a = bX.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 3: Measures of Central Tendency and Variability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Considering the distribution -2,-4,-6,-8,-10,the SS is _____.
A)40
B)8
C)-40
D)-8
Q2) When variables are measured on an ordinal level that departs markedly from interval characteristics,the standard deviation is the best measure of variability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The sum of squared deviations from the mean will always be greater than the sum of squared deviations around any other index of central tendency.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you were measuring the income level of people living in Los Angeles you would use the median because____________________.
Q5) For the following set of scores compute the mean,mode,sum of squares,variance and standard deviation: 30 32 34 40 50 45 46 47
Q6) If the variance of a distribution is 100 the SD is____________________.
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Chapter 7: Estimation and Sampling Distributions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would the central limit theorem tell us about the shape of the sampling distribution of the mean for the survey in question 12 (above.regarding students perceptions of alcohol use?
A)it will look roughly "normal" and bell-shaped as long as the sample size from which it is developed is large enough.
B)If the population distribution is skewed then the sampling distribution of the mean will also be skewed.
C)It will always be bell-shaped,even when derived from a very small sample size.
Q2) One result of the central limit theorem is that the _____ of a sampling distribution of the mean is always equal to the _____.
A)mean;sample mean
B)standard error;population variance
C)standard error;population mean
D)mean;population mean
Q3) One result of the central limit theorem is that the mean of a sampling distribution of the mean is never equal to the population mean.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean
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Sample Questions
Q1) The set of all standard scores more extreme than the critical values is called a rejection region and constitutes an unexpected result.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The probability of making a Type II error is traditionally called alpha and is represented by á.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the assumptions of the one-sample t test?
Q4) Type II errors have a probability of occurring equal to _____.
A)â
B)1-â
C)1-á
D)á
Q5) The power of a statistical test can be increased by _____.
A)increasing á level
B)increasing sample size
C)all of these
Q6) What is the null hypothesis?
Q7) Distinguish between a Type I error and a Type II error. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 6: Probability
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between a permutation and a combination?
Q2) A researcher wanted to compare eye color distributions of babies born with a birth defect with babies who did not have the birth defect.26 babies with the defect were matched on gender,race,and age with 52 babies without the defect.The frequency of different eye colors as a function of the presence or absence of the defects was as follows:
Eye Color
Group Dark Medium Light
Defect 1 6 19
No Defect 15 13 24
What is the probability that a baby has dark eyes given that the baby has the birth defect?
A).04
B).06
C).01
D).61
Q3) Assuming the null hypothesis is false,we can easily specify an expected result.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does it mean to say that two outcomes are mutually exclusive?
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical
Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a researcher randomly places subjects in a high,medium,or no stress condition,then the control condition is _____.
A)not present in that experiment
B)the no stress condition
C)a comparison of high to medium condition
D)a baseline taken from either high or medium conditions
Q2) Once subjects have been selected they should be ____________________to groups.
Q3) What is the major disadvantage of holding a variable constant?
Q4) In terms of the strategies behavioral scientists use to control for confounding and disturbance variables,_____ (is)(are)applicable to both confounding and disturbance variables,while _____ can be applied only to confounding variables.
A)random assignment and matching;holding a variable constant
B)holding a variable constant and matching;random assignment
C)holding a variable constant;matching and random assignment
D)matching;holding a variable constant and random assignment
Q5) What three assumptions are important or essential to parametric test?
Q7) Explain the difference between Confounding variables and disturbance variables. Page 12
Q6) In a within-subjects design the treatment and placebo conditions need to be ____________________to control for order effects.
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Chapter 10: Independent Groups T -Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) What factors influence the size of the standard error of the difference?
Q2) What factors influence the robustness of the independent groups t test?
Q3) The null hypothesis for an independent groups t test states that _____.
A)the population mean scores for each level of the independent variable are the same B)the two groups have different population means on the dependent variable
C)the independent and dependent variables are related D)the population variances are the same
Q4) The total variability in the dependent variable,as represented by
SS<sub>TOTAL</sub>,can be split up,or partitioned,into two components,one (SS<sub>EXPLAINED</sub>)reflecting the influence of the independent variable and one (SS<sub>ERROR</sub>)reflecting the influence of disturbance variables.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The nature of the relationship in the independent groups t test is determined by examining:
A)eta-squared
B)omega-squared
C)sample means
D)population means
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Chapter 11: Correlated Groups T-Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of mean difference scores is referred to as the _____ of difference scores.
A)mean difference
B)variance
C)standard error of the mean
D)sampling error
Q2) In a correlated-groups t test,eta<sup>2</sup> represents the proportion of variability in the dependent variable that is associated with the independent variable ______.
A)before the variability due to individual differences has been removed
B)after the variability due to individual differences has been added
C)after the variance has been divided by df
D)after variability due to individual differences has been removed
Q3) The ____________________in a correlated groups t-test is similar to the sampling distribution of the difference between two independent means in a independent groups t-test.
Q4) Why is the correlated groups t test usually more powerful than the independent groups t test?
Q5) What is meant by the sensitivity of a statistical test?
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Chapter 13: One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,the F test is not robust to violations of the _____ assumption.
A)normality
B)sphericity
C)a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) The assumption that the variance of the population difference scores for any two conditions is the same as the variance of the population difference scores for any other two conditions is the ____________________ assumption.
Q3) The F test for one-way repeated measures analysis of variance is appropriate when the dependent variable is qualitative in nature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the one-way repeated measures analysis of variance,if the sphericity assumption is not met,the appropriate procedure for evaluating the nature of the relationship is the ____________________ procedure.
Q5) Two ways to deal with confounding due to carryover effects involve randomly ordering the conditions for each participant and ____________________ the order of the conditions.
16
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Chapter 14: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the estimated standard error of estimate?
Q2) The slope indicates the number of units Y is predicted to change given a _____ in X.
A)linear change
B)zero order change
C)two unit reduction
D)one unit change
Q3) How is the nature of the relationship between two variables evaluated in a correlational analysis?
Q4) The slope indicates the number of units Y is predicted to change given a one unit change in X.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Pearson correlation cannot be used to determine the relationship between two variables when _____.
A)both variables are quantitative and on an interval level
B)both variables are measured on the same individuals and are on a ratio level
C)one variable is quantitative and the other is qualitative in nature with three or more levels
D)none of these are exceptions,it can be used in all of these cases
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Chapter 15: Chi-Square Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are different chi-square distributions depending on the degrees of freedom associated with them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the possible range of values for the fourfold point correlation coefficient/Cramer's statistic?
A)-1.00 to +1.00
B)0 to 1.00
C)-1.00 to 0
D)0 to infinity
Q3) The question addressed by the goodness-of-fit test is whether a distribution of frequencies across categories for a variable in a population are distributed in a specified manner.
A)True B)False
Q4) When the marginal frequencies of both variables under study are random,the chi-square test is known as the chi-square test of dependence.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 16: Nonparametric Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the nonparametric counterpart to the independent groups t test,when samples sizes for one or both groups are smaller than 10,the ____________________ test should be used.
Q2) In all the nonparametric tests presented in the chapter,scores must be in the form of ____________________.
Q3) The strength of the relationship following a statistically significant ______ can be analyzed using the concordance coefficient.
A)Wilcoxon signed-rank test
B)Kruskal-Wallis test
C)Spearman rank-order correlation
D)Mann-Whitney U test
E)Friedman analysis of variance by rank
Q4) The null and alternative hypotheses for the Kruskal-Wallis test are identical to those for the one-way between subjects analysis of variance,except that they are stated in terms of the mean ranks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is meant by the phrase "outlier resistant"?
Q6) How are tied values dealt with when applying a nonparametric test?
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Two-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a statistically significant main effect has only two levels,the nature of the relationship is determined in the same fashion as for the independent groups t test;if a statistically significant main effect has three or more levels,then the nature of the relationship is determined using an HSD procedure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the modified Bonferroni procedure used for interaction comparisons,to be statistically significant,the largest F ratio must yield a p value
A)less than the overall alpha level divided by the total number of interaction comparisons.
B)less than the overall alpha level divided by the total number of levels of factor A
C)greater than the overall alpha level
D)none of these
Q3) The manner in which we choose to state an interaction is arbitrary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is an interaction effect?
Q5) What form does a main effect take in a two-way analysis of variance?
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nature of the relationship in the independent groups t-test is determined by examining:
A)eta-squared
B)omega squared
C)sample means
D)population means
E)none of these
Q2) Given the information above,assume that the sample population was not normally distributed what statistical test would be appropriate?
A)Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test
B)Mann-Whitney U test
C)Spearman Rank order
D)Kruskal-Wallis Test
E)none of these
Q3) Generally speaking,parametric methods are not conducive to analyzing qualitative variables.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast Parametric and Nonparametric statistical tests.
21
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