Psychology of Physical Activity
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
The Psychology of Physical Activity explores the mental processes and emotional factors that influence participation in physical activity and exercise. This course examines the psychological benefits of physical activity, such as enhanced mood, reduced anxiety, and improved cognitive function, as well as the motivational and behavioral strategies used to encourage adherence to active lifestyles. Topics covered include theories of motivation, the role of self-efficacy, goal setting, social influences, exercise adherence, and the psychological impact of physical inactivity. Students will also analyze interventions designed to promote physical activity across various populations and settings, drawing on current research and case studies.
Recommended Textbook
Sport Psychology Concepts and Applications 7th Edition by Richard H Cox
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19 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Foundations of Sport Psychology
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Q1) A movement to end sexism,sexist exploitation,and oppression.
A)Sexism.
B)Feminism.
C)Masculinism.
D)Communism.
Answer: B
Q2) From a worldwide perspective,the term "sport psychology" was first introduced in an academic setting by
A)Rainer Martens.
B)Pierre de Coubertin.
C)Avksenty Cezarevich Puni.
D)Coleman Griffith.
Answer: B
Q3) Which term below identifies the process by which one learns to look at the world through multicultural lens?
A)Enculturation.
B)Desensitization.
C)Cultural competence.
D)Acculturation.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Personality As a Core Characteristic of the
Athlete
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Q1) Which of the following levels of personality is the most easily influenced by the social environment?
A)Role-related behaviors.
B)Typical responses.
C)Psychological core.
D)Abnormal responses.
Answer: A
Q2) Emotional intelligence
A)Is a personality trait.
B)Is a mental ability to be learned.
C)Is either a personality trait or a mental ability to be learned depending upon the type of instrument used to measure the construct.
D)None of the above.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following represents the big five personality traits?
A)Anxiety,extraversion,tough mindedness,independence,and self-control.
B)Neuroticism,intelligence,mental toughness,aggressiveness,and flexibility.
C)Extraversion,neuroticism,mental toughness,openness,and aggressiveness.
D)Neuroticism,extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,and openness.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Self-Confidence and Intrinsic Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most self-determined form of motivation.
A)Amotivation.
B)Extrinsic motivation.
C)Intrinsic motivation.
D)External motivation.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following models of psychological momentum argue against the notion of improved performance due to psychological momentum?
A)Projected performance Model.
B)Antecedents-Consequences Model.
C)Multidimensional Model.
D)None of the above.
Answer: A
Q3) Competence without autonomy gives rise to A)Dictatorship.
B)The efficacious pawn.
C)Theatrics.
D)Learned helplessness.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Goal Perspective Theory
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Q1) Differentiated goal perspective.
A)Child can clearly distinguish among the concepts of ability,effort,luck and outcome.
B)Child recognizes that some tasks are more difficult than other tasks.
C)Child understands that effort enhances performance of tasks requiring high ability but not tasks requiring luck.
D)All of the above.
Q2) Research shows that task goal orientation and high moral functioning are linked to:
A)Low levels of sportspersonship.
B)High levels of athletic performance.
C)High levels of sportspersonship.
D)High levels of social skill.
Q3) Situation specific state measure of how an individual relates to an achievement situation at a specific point in time.
A)Goal involvement.
B)Task goal involvement.
C)Ego goal involvement.
D)All of the above.
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6
Chapter 5: Youth Sports
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Q1) Which of the following is not a top five reason children give for participation in sport?
A)Winning.
B)Have fun and enjoy participation.
C)Become physically fit and enjoy good health.
D)Learn new sport skills.
Q2) Compared to engaged and committed swimmers,which of the following in not true relative to dropouts?
A)Engaged swimmers reported being the youngest in training camps more often than dropout swimmers.
B)Engaged swimmers experienced more one-on-one coaching time.
C)Dropouts participated in less extra-curricular activities.
D)Dropouts spoke more often of demanding parents,early peak performance,and lack of swimming friends.
Q3) In developing a youth sport program of any type,what should be the two overarching goals?
A)Sport enjoyment,develop prosocial behavior.
B)Sport enjoyment,learn and improve on skills.
C)Develop prosocial behavior,enjoy team atmosphere and make friends.
D)Develop performance goal orientation,winning attitude.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Attention and Concentration in Sport and Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many bits of information is conveyed by a 16 array light problem (4 rows,4 columns)in which the occurrence of each event is equally likely?
A)One.
B)Two.
C)Three.
D)Four.
Q2) The _______________ is that people,when under mental load and stress tend to do the very thing that they are attempting not to do.
A)Planned effect.
B)Ironic effect.
C)Unexpected effect.
D)Unwanted effect.
Q3) The capacity model of attention takes into consideration
A)Information processing requirement of a task may be modified by learning.
B)Individual differences.
C)Available information processing space.
D)All of the above.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Anxiety, Stress, and Mood Relationships
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Q1) The physical component of anxiety caused by such things as fear of negative social evaluation,fear of failure,and loss of self-esteem.
A)Somatic anxiety.
B)State anxiety.
C)Distress.
D)Cognitive anxiety.
Q2) Which of the following is not an authorized version of the Profile of Mood States?
A)65 item Profile of Mood States.
B)Brief Assessment of Mood.
C)Bipolar 72 item Profile of Mood States.
D)Short 30 item version of the Profile of Mood States.
Q3) _________ allowed that there must be two different kinds of stress.The "good stress" he labeled _________,and the "bad stress" he labeled _________.
A)Nideffer,eustress,distress.
B)Selye,eustress,distress.
C)Guyton,differentiated,undifferentiated.
D)Martens,differentiated,undifferentiateD.
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Chapter 8: Alternatives to Inverted-U Theory
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Q1) Which statement is false relative to recalled optimal precompetitive anxiety?
A)Correlations between actual and recalled optimal precompetitive anxiety are relatively high when measures are taken within two days of each other.
B)The recall method is most effective when a unidimensional measure of anxiety is used.
C)Research shows that the recall method of estimating optimal precompetitive anxiety is unreliable.
D)The recall method should not be used when anxiety is measured by the CSAI-2.
Q2) The basic Fazey and Hardy catastrophe model is technically referred to as the A)Bifurcated catastrophe model.
B)Cusp catastrophe model.
C)Butterfly catastrophe model.
D)None of the above.
Q3) The degree to which an individual is absorbed in a task.
A)Flow.
B)Autotelic experience.
C)Core flow.
D)Intensity of effort.
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Chapter 9: Coping and Intervention Strategies in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true relative to biofeedback?
A)Humans cannot voluntarily control functions of the autonomic nervous system.
B)It is very easy for athletes to voluntarily control functions of the autonomic nervous system.
C)With practice athletes can learn to reverse the "fight or flight" effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
D)Athletes who use biofeedback routinely outperform those athletes who do not.
Q2) The _________________ consists of physiological changes that are opposite to the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system.
A)Anxiety-stress spiral.
B)Relaxation response.
C)Psyching up process.
D)Activation response.
Q3) Athletes' coping responses are dynamic and fluid,changing from situation to situation.
A)Dispositional hypothesis.
B)Interactive hypothesis.
C)Dynamic hypothesis.
D)Noninteractive hypothesis.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Goal Setting in Sport
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that ____________ mediates the relationship between __________ and performance.
A)Goal setting,goal orientation.
B)Goal orientation,goal setting.
C)Goal striving,goal setting.
D)Goal setting,self-efficacy.
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a good measurable performance goal?
A)I will improve my basketball game by 100%.
B)I will become a better bowler.
C)I will get 75% of my first serves in the tennis court by the end of this season.
D)I will improve my free throw shooting percentage in basketball.
Q3) Striving for personal goals that are based upon _____________________ leads to sustained effort.
A)Self-determined motivational regulation.
B)Autonomous motivational regulation.
C)Externally controlled motivational regulation.
D)Task goal orientation regulation.
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Chapter 11: Imagery and Hypnosis in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following statements is false relative to hypnosis?
A)An individual does not need to be hypnotized to be responsive to suggestions.
B)Hypnosis is not a dangerous procedure when practiced by a qualified researcher or clinician.
C)While hypnotized,individuals lose the ability to control their behavior.
D)The function of a hypnotic induction is to increase suggestibility to a minor degree.
Q2) Base upon research,which of the following is not an example of the demonstrated efficacy of imagery in helping the athlete?
A)Enhances the thoughts and emotions of the athlete.
B)Facilitates cognition and motivation.
C)Facilitates distractibility in attentional focus.
D)Its use by successful athletes.
Q3) The athlete imagines himself to be outside of his body watching from a distance.
A)Out of body experience.
B)Visual imagery.
C)Proprioceptive imagery.
D)External imagery.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Skills Training
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a psychological skills training program,the first and most important step is for the sport psychologist to
A)Determine what the problem is.
B)Administer psychological inventories.
C)Conduct a needs analysis.
D)Determine who the client is.
Q2) A psychological skills development model that proposes that sport must contribute to the overall development of the athlete physically,psychologically and socially.
A)Imagery focused model of performance.
B)Self-regulation model.
C)Resonance performance model.
D)Athlete-centered sport model.
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of an inventory designed to measure the psychological skills of athletes?
A)Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports.
B)Profile of Psychological Skills Inventory.
C)Athletic Coping Skills Inventory.
D)Test of Performance Strategies.
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Chapter 13: Aggression and Violence in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following is not a mechanism of moral disengagement that allows an athlete to disengage from usual moral standards and engage in transgressive behavior?
A)Years of playing experience.
B)Advantageous comparison.
C)Dehumanization of target of aggression.
D)Displacement of responsibility.
Q2) The notion that an athlete's willingness to engage in acts of aggression is related to the athlete's stage of moral development.
A)Theory of cognitive development.
B)Bredemeier's theory of moral reasoning.
C)Piaget's theory of cognitive restructuring.
D)Marten's theory of moral development.
Q3) Which of the following is not a mechanism of moral disengagement that allows an athlete to disengage from usual moral standards and engage in transgressive behavior?
A)Minimizing or ignoring consequences.
B)Diffusion of responsibility.
C)Moral justification.
D)Catharsis effect.
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Chapter 14: Audience and Self-Presentation Effects in Sport
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Q1) Why was sports research involving non-interactive audiences largely abandoned?
A)Couldn't find subjects.
B)There is no such thing as a non-interactive audience.
C)Cannot generalize results to sports involving an interactive audience.
D)None of the above.
Q2) According to research conducted by Silva and Andrew (1987),the home advantage in collegiate basketball is due to which of the following?
A)Compared to pregame standards of good performance,the home team athletes hit a higher percentage of their field goals.
B)Compared to pregame standards of good performance,the visiting team athletes hit a lower percentage of their field goals.
C)The home crowd facilitates less than expected performance in the home team.
D)None of the above.
Q3) If self-presentation in sport results in a positive performance effect,it is an example of
A)Self-handicapping.
B)Self-attention.
C)Social facilitation.
D)None of the above.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Team Cohesion in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following is not a good intervention for developing good team cohesion?
A)Work to develop collective self-efficacy (team efficacy)in the team.
B)Emphasize the importance of winning games as this leads to team cohesion.
C)Develop a mastery motivational climate for the team.
D)Educate the team as to the destructive effects of jealously and how to avoid it.
Q2) Which of the following is not an important factor in team building and in developing team cohesion among athletes?
A)Building social support.
B)Minimizing jealousy among athletes.
C)Improving inter-team communication.
D)Performance motivational climate.
Q3) Which of the following is not a determinant of team cohesion?
A)Personal factors.
B)Family background.
C)Team factors.
D)Leadership factors.
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Chapter 16: Leadership and Communication in Sport
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Q1) Which of the following has been put forward as an alternative to the Coaching Behavioral Assessment System (CBAS)for recording coaches' behavioral responses during competition and practice?
A)Florida State Coaching Assessment Instrument.
B)Universal Coaching assessment System.
C)Arizona State University Observation Instrument.
D)Objective Coach Behavioral Instrument.
Q2) In the geographical model of leadership opportunity,the term task dependence refers to
A)The concept of centrality.
B)Level of interaction among players.
C)Observability and visibility of an athlete.
D)Assertiveness of the athlete.
Q3) Disproportionate placement of blacks or minorities into positions of low task dependence and propinquity.
A)Centrality.
B)Discrimination.
C)Stacking.
D)Managing.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Exercise Psychology
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Q1) The notion that _____________ of change should be most important for effecting change in the early stages of exercise and that _____________ should be most important in the later stages is referred to as the ___________ hypothesis.
A)Behavioral processes,cognitive processes,interaction.
B)Attentional processes,physiological processes,additive.
C)Cognitive processes,behavioral processes,interaction.
D)Cognitive processes,somatic processes,multiplicative.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true relative to the HIV?
A)Individuals who have the HIV should avoid exercise of all types.
B)Individuals who have the HIV should implement a strenuous exercise program in order to strengthen the body's defense mechanisms.
C)There is no relationship between HIV and moderate exercise.It really doesn't matter whether one exercises or not.
D)Moderate exercise is an effective complimentary therapy for treating psychological manifestations associated with HIV infection.
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19
Chapter 18: The Psychology of Athletic Injuries and Career
Termination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an interrelated type of social support?
A)Emotional support.
B)Physiological and anatomical support.
C)Informational support.
D)Tangible support.
Q2) In the integrated model of sport injury,which of the following is not a major component of the recovery outcome process?
A)Cognitive appraisal.
B)Emotional response.
C)Personality of the athlete.
D)Behavioral response.
Q3) Which of the following is not a personal factor related to adherence to injury rehabilitation?
A)Pain tolerance.
B)Tough-mindedness.
C)Ego or goal orientation.
D)Self-motivation.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Drug Abuse in Sport and Exercise
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Q1) Which of the following is not a responsible recommendation for professionals who work with female athletes?
A)Be aware that serious eating disturbances exist in the absence of diagnosed pathogenic eating disorders.
B)In order to compete effectively,female athletes must remain thin and control their dietary intake.
C)Conduct eating disorder screening that allow for identification of dangerous eating behaviors as well as pathogenic eating disorders.
D)Develop intervention strategies that focus upon early education,identification and treatment of unhealthy eating behaviors.
Q2) Which of the following is not an important feature of Smith's model of stress and burnout?
A)Smith's model relies heavily upon the notion of costs and benefits.
B)Parallels stages of the stress process.
C)Is composed of four stages.
D)Interacts with personality and intrinsic motivation of athlete.
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