Psychology of Health and Illness
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Health and Illness explores the complex interplay between psychological processes and physical health. This course examines how factors such as stress, personality, behavior, and coping strategies influence the onset, progression, and management of illnesses. Students will learn about the biopsychosocial model, health-related behavior change, patient-provider relationships, and the psychological impact of chronic diseases. Through an integration of research findings, theoretical frameworks, and practical examples, the course equips students with a comprehensive understanding of how mental and emotional states affect health outcomes and the importance of psychological interventions in promoting well-being and disease prevention.
Recommended Textbook
Health Psychology 8th Edition by Shelley E. Taylor
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Chapter 1: What Is Health Psychology
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Q1) Acute disorders are
A) short-term medical illnesses that are usually amenable to cure.
B) typically diseases that are co-managed by patients and their practitioners.
C) the major causes of death and illness in the United States.
D) serious disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
Answer: A
Q2) A health psychologist who is interested in the behavioral and social factors that contribute to disease focuses on
A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
Answer: C
Q3) According to your text,all conditions of health and illness are influenced by A) one's personality type.
B) psychodynamics.
C) psychological and social factors.
D) None of these.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Systems of the Body
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Q1) Cognitive-behavioral pain interventions
A) encourage patients to entrust the management of their pain to the treatment team.
B) attempt to modify maladaptive cognitions but not overt and covert behaviors.
C) encourage clients to attribute their success to the treatment intervention.
D) None of these.
Answer: D
Q2) Guided imagery is most effective in managing slow-rising pains.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A-delta fibers are unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit dull or aching pain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Acupuncture may trigger the release of endorphins,thus reducing the experience of pain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Health Behaviors
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Q1) Whereas disease severity and the presence of debilitating symptoms affect quality of life,they are unrelated to body image.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Divorce rates for families with a chronic illness are
A) due to the strain involved.
B) lower than families without a chronic illness.
C) higher than families without a chronic illness.
D) no different than families without a chronic illness.
Answer: D
Q3) __________________ is a functional somatic disorder.
A) Irritable bowel syndrome
B) Gulf War syndrome
C) Chronic fatigue syndrome
D) All of these.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Health-Promoting Behaviors
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Q1) The goals of hospice care include
A) palliative care.
B) psychological comfort.
C) improved social support.
D) All of these.
Q2) According to the research cited in your text,a substantial percentage of terminally ill patients prefer
A) home care.
B) hospice care.
C) traditional hospital care.
D) skilled nursing facilities.
Q3) When young children experience the impending death of a sibling the best approach is
A) no explanation should be given them.
B) extensive detail about the cause of death should be provided.
C) they should be told of the impending death.
D) it is best to wait until the death has occurred before providing information.
Q4) Suppose you were working in a facility that provided care for terminally ill patients and their families.What psychosocial factors would be important for you to consider in training staff members? Why?
6
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Chapter 5: Health-Compromising Behaviors
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Q1) Aspirin has been found to significantly reduce the risk for fatal heart attack.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the role of stress management in recovery from myocardial infarction.
Q3) Individuals who are high in hostility
A) have chronically higher blood pressure.
B) show more pronounced heart rate reactivity to laboratory stressors.
C) show more pronounced physiological reactions in response to interpersonal stressors.
D) All of these.
Q4) Your co-worker is concerned about the two hard-driving managers who head the department.She says "They react with hostility to everyone and everything.Both are walking time bombs who are likely to have heart attacks before they're 50." Respond to your co-worker's prediction,citing the research on personality,emotion,and CHD in your text.
Q5) Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain why adherence to diabetic treatment programs is so difficult for most people to achieve.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Stress
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Q1) How do psychosocial factors influence the initiation and course of cancer?
Q2) The most promising development in the treatment of AIDS is A) an HIV vaccine.
B) AZT.
C) HAART.
D) DDI.
Q3) Explain how stress is related to immune functioning.Exactly how does the immune system respond to stress?
Q4) found that patients who coped with their cancer-related problems via _______________ showed more emotional distress.
A) social support
B) cognitive escape-avoidant strategies
C) distancing
D) None of these.
Q5) Evidence suggests that some of the adverse effects of depression on immunity may be mediated by A) hostility.
B) disturbed hypothalamic functioning.
C) poor maturation of the immune system.
D) sleep disturbances.
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Chapter 7: Coping,resilience,and Social Support
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Q1) Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate A) cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.
B) assessment of needs in all domains of life during the acute period of illness.
C) regular needs assessment over the long term to identify potential problems.
D) All of these.
Q2) Trends within medical care suggest that the problem of patient-practitioner communication is likely to A) improve.
B) worsen.
C) hamper physician's efforts to find cost-effectiveness treatments.
D) become less important than cost-containment.
Q3) In the future,health promotion interventions will most likely target the A) schools.
B) community.
C) workplace.
D) All of these.
Q4) Discuss the path to becoming a health psychologist.How can undergraduate,graduate,and postgraduate work contribute towards gaining employment.
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Chapter 8: Using Health Services
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Q1) Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by A) B cells.
B) T<sub>C</sub> and T<sub>H</sub> cells.
C) B cells and helper and suppressor T cells.
D) All of these.
Q2) Some individuals are unable to produce thromboplastin and fibrin.This condition is associated with a clotting disorder called A) arteriosclerosis.
B) anemia.
C) leukopenia.
D) hemophilia.
Q3) The spleen
A) secretes insulin and bile into the bloodstream.
B) produces neurotransmitters and corticosteroids.
C) aids in the production of B and T cells and filters the blood.
D) is primarily a vestigial organ.
Q4) Menopause can be cured definitively by hormone therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe and discuss the two most common disorders of the nervous system.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Patients, providers, and Treatments
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Q1) Patterns of disease in the United States have remained relatively unchanged over the past 90 years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Our knowledge of who relapses is limited.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The health belief model states that the practice of a particular health behavior is a function of
A) an individual's beliefs that he or she, rather than powerful others or chance, is in control of his or her own health.
B) an individual's attitudes about a health behavior, subjective normative beliefs, and self-efficacy.
C) an individual's beliefs in a specific health threat, and beliefs that a specific health behavior can reduce that threat.
D) perceived self-efficacy and perceived invulnerability.
Q4) Find an Internet health campaign and explain how it works or does not work using the appropriate theories in the text.
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Chapter 10: The Management of Pain and Discomfort
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Q1) Most therapies for anorexia utilize ______________,whereas _______________ appears to be the most effective treatment for bulimia.
A) behavioral therapy; medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) medication; behavioral therapy
C) medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy; inpatient treatment
D) medication and inpatient treatment; cognitive-behavioral therapy
Q2) _______________ cancer is the second highest cause of cancerous deaths in Western countries.
A) Breast
B) Testicular
C) Colorectal
D) Skin
Q3) A person with a BMI (body mass index)above _______________ is obese.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
Q4) Mediterranean diets are healthy because they are heavy in red meat.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Management of Chronic Illness
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Q1) Occasional binge drinking may involve as many as _______________ of college students.
A) 25 percent
B) 32 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 60 percent
Q2) The best predictor of long-term abstinence among smokers is A) social support.
B) environmental support.
C) self-efficacy.
D) remaining vigilant about not smoking.
Q3) More than 2 million college students drive drunk each year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Approximately 30 percent of all highway fatalities are attributed to drinking and driving.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and describe the biological,psychological,and sociocultural factors implicated in alcohol abuse.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Issues in Advancing and Terminal Illness
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Q1) The occurrence of daily hassles
A) bears no relationship to physical health.
B) reduces psychological well-being over the short term.
C) markedly enhances reports of physical symptoms.
D) are poorer predictors of physical health than major life events.
Q2) The process of secondary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's A) current emotional state.
B) perception of the event.
C) coping ability and resources.
D) All of these.
Q3) A relationship between discrimination and poor health has been found for A) working women.
B) African American men, women, and adolescents.
C) Native American adults and children.
D) All of these.
Q4) The process of primary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's A) current emotional state.
B) meaning of the event.
C) coping ability.
D) resources.
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Chapter 13: Heart Disease, hypertension, stroke, and Type Ii
Diabetes
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Q1) Individuals that cause you special stress are
A) stress carriers.
B) not important to you.
C) easily ignored.
D) None of these.
Q2) On the whole,persons who provide social support to others _______________ than those who do not provide social support.
A) live longer
B) have better mental health
C) have better physical health
D) All of these.
Q3) A patient with AIDS decides to enter therapy.He explains that the therapist helps him in ways his friends and family cannot.Specifically,his therapist helps him find ways to cope with the disorder and understand it.This is an example of
A) personal control.
B) informational support.
C) tangible assistance.
D) emotional support.
Q4) Explain how individual differences in personality are related to coping.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychoneuroimmunology and Immune-Related Disorderss
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Q1) You have been asked to develop a public information program designed to minimize the delay behavior of people who evidence one or more of the seven warning signs of cancer.Considering the research evidence presented in your text,the most effective appeal would emphasize the fact that
A) certain cancers have a very poor prognosis and a high mortality rate.
B) although the side effects can be debilitating, chemotherapy and radiation therapy can successfully treat many cancers.
C) aggressive treatment enhances one's chances of surviving cancer.
D) precancerous symptoms are seldom troublesome or alarming, yet everyone is vulnerable to the disease and should seek early treatment.
Q2) Illness schemas are acquired through
A) the media.
B) personal experience.
C) family and friends.
D) All of these.
Q3) Describe and discuss the four stages of delay behavior.Provide an original example for each stage.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future
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Q1) The hospital nursing staff has as its primary orientation the goal of A) cure.
B) care.
C) core.
D) All of these.
Q2) Children exposed to _______________ interventions exhibited the fewest maladaptive behaviors while hospitalized.
A) self-efficacy
B) preoperational
C) anxiety
D) coping-skills
Q3) Communication skills training for physicians should include A) a focus on patient-centered dialogue.
B) the effective use of nonverbal behaviors.
C) the use of simple rules of courtesy.
D) All of these.
Q4) Your brother calls to inform you that his nine-year-old son is being hospitalized.Based on the research in the text,what advice would you give him to minimize any adverse reactions that your nephew might experience?
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